2. Investigation of He-Ne laser beam propagation in free space.

Position z (cm) Beam width (mm) X Y

0 4 sigma 0.896 0.888
13,5% of Peak 0.81 0.823
5 4 sigma 0.952 0.947
13,5% of Peak 0.871 0.88
10 4 sigma 1.003 0.997 d2
13,5% of Peak 0.928 0.898
15 4 sigma 1.052 1.046
13,5% of Peak 0.964 0.964
20 4 sigma 1.106 1.099
13,5% of Peak 1.016 0.977
25 4 sigma 1.154 1.145 d1 (cm) =
13,5% of Peak 0.986 1.038 d2 (cm) =
30 4 sigma 1.209 1.199 d3 (cm) =
13,5% of Peak 1.096 1.078
35 4 sigma 1.259 1.247
13,5% of Peak 1.131 1.135
40 4 sigma 1.311 1.301
13,5% of Peak 1.157 1.175
45 4 sigma 1.362 1.348
13,5% of Peak 1.206 1.228

3. Measurement of He-Ne laser beam M 2 parameter. 

z0 (cm) = 23.5
X = 𝑑𝜎0  0.221
4 sigma (mm)
Y 0.219

𝑑𝜎R=√2𝑑𝜎0 
𝑑𝜎R = 0.313

𝑧(−)  (cm) = 17.9

𝑧(+)  (cm) = 29.7

Position z (cm) 𝑑𝜎𝑥=4𝜎𝑥  𝑑𝜎𝑦=4𝜎𝑥𝑦 

19 0.285 0.278
20 0.26 0.256
21 0.244 0.238
 25 0.224 0.223
26 0.235 0.233
27 0.251 0.248

Before beam waist z0 = 23,5 cm

Position z (cm) 𝑑𝜎𝑥=4𝜎𝑥  𝑑𝜎𝑦=4𝜎𝑥𝑦 

12 0.489 0.483
11 0.519 0.514
10 0.552 0.549

After beam waist z0 = 23,5 cm

Position z (cm) 𝑑𝜎𝑥=4𝜎𝑥  𝑑𝜎𝑦=4𝜎𝑥𝑦 

36 0.513 0.502
37 0.545 0.533
38 0.578 0.564

5. Investigation of laser diode module beam propagation in free space. 

Position z (cm) Beam width (mm) X Y

0 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
2 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
4 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
6 4 sigma d2
13,5% of Peak
8 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
10 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
12 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak d1 (cm) =
14 4 sigma d2 (cm) =
13,5% of Peak d3 (cm) =
16 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
18 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
 20 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
22 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
24 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
26 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
28 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
30 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
32 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
34 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
36 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
38 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
40 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
42 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak
44 4 sigma
13,5% of Peak

6. Measurement of laser diode module beam M 2 parameter. 

z0 (cm) = 21.1
X = 𝑑𝜎0  0.061
4 sigma (mm)
Y 0.092

𝑑𝜎R=√2𝑑𝜎0 
𝑑𝜎R = 0.086

𝑧(−)  (cm) = 20.7

𝑧(+)  (cm) = 21.5

Position z (cm) 𝑑𝜎𝑥=4𝜎𝑥  𝑑𝜎𝑦=4𝜎𝑥𝑦 

20.8 0.075 0.097
 20.9 0.068 0.095
21 0.062 0.093
21.2 0.07 0.088
21.3 0.076 0.088
21.4 0.088 0.088

Before beam waist z0 = 21,1 cm

Position z (cm) 𝑑𝜎𝑥=4𝜎𝑥  𝑑𝜎𝑦=4𝜎𝑥𝑦 

20.3 0.166 0.13
20 0.222 0.153
19.5 0.337 0.199

After beam waist z0 = 21,1 cm

Position z (cm) 𝑑𝜎𝑥=4𝜎𝑥  𝑑𝜎𝑦=4𝜎𝑥𝑦 

22 0.206 0.114
22.5 0.299 0.151
23 0.405 0.199
 d1

d3

16
15.5
13.2
 d1

d3