fhtypYs;s MtpfSk; fh;j;jhpd; MtpAk;

Ntj Muha;r;rpahsh; vk;.v];.tre;jFkhh;

Ntjhfkj;jpNyNa mjpf rh;ri ; rf;FhpaJk;> Ghpe;Jnfhs;tjw;F kpfTk; rpukkhdJkhd

Ntjg;gFjpahf ,Ug;gJ 1NgJU 3:18-20 MFk;.1 ,jdhy;jhd;> fp.gp.16Mk; E}w;whz;by;
rigapy; rPh;jpUj;jj;ij Vw;gLj;jpa khh;lb ; d; Y}j;jNu> NgJU ,t;trdq;fspy;
vOjpAs;sij KOikahfg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s Kbahky; ,Ug;gjhff; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.2
Vnddpy;> ,t;trdq;fspy; ,NaRfpwp];J \\fhtypYs;s MtpfSf;Fg; gpurq;fpj;jjhff;||
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jdhy;> mth; vg;nghOJ? ve;j MtpfSf;F? vg;gb? vjidg;
gpurq;fpj;jhh;? vd;W gyjug;gl;l Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;fg;gLtJ khj;jpuky;y> ,Jtiuapy;
,j;jifa Nfs;tpfSf;F 180 tpj;jpahrkhd gjpy;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.3 Mdhy;>
,j;jifa Nfs;tpfSf;fhd rhpahd gjpiy mwpe;Jnfhs;tjw;F> \\khk;rj;jpNy
nfhiyAz;L MtpapNy caph;g;gpf;fg;gl;lhh;|| (1NgJ.3:18) vd;Dk; thf;fpaj;jpd;
mh;j;jj;ij Kjypy; ehk; mwpe;Jnfhs;sNtz;baJ mtrpak;. Vnddpy;> \\caph;g;gpf;
fg;gl;l MtpapNyNa|| ,NaRfpwp];J fhtypYs;s MtpfSf;Fg; gpurq;fpj;jjhf 19Mk;
trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdpDk;> \\khk;rj;jpy; nfhiyAz;L|| vd;Dk;
nrhw;gpuNahfk; ,NaRfpwp];J rhPug;gpufhukhff; nfhy;yg;gl;L (rpYitapy; miwag;gl;L)
khpj;jij mwpaj;je;jhYk;> \\MtpapNy caph;g;gpf;fg;gl;lhh;|| vd;Dk; nrhw;gpuNahfk;
fpwp];jth;fspdhy; tpj;jpahrkhfg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jdhy;jhd;> rpy
Ntjhfkq;fspy;> \\ghpRj;j Mtpahdth; ,NaRfpwp];Jit caph;g;gpj;jhh;|| vd;Dk;
mh;j;jj;jpy; ,t;thf;fpaj;ij \\MtpapdhNy caph;g;gpf;fg;gl;lhh;|| vd;W nkhopngah;j;Js;
sdh;.4 Mdhy;> %ynkhopapd; ,yf;fz mikg;G Kiwapd;gb> ngUk;ghyhd Ntjhfkq;f
spy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s tpjkhf> \\Mtpapy; caph;g;gpf;fg;gl;lhh;|| vd;Nw ,r;nrhw;gpuNahfk;
nkhopngah;ff ; g;gl Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy;> ,t;trdj;jpy; ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; rhPu tho;Tf;Fk;
caph;j;njOe;J Mtpepiyapy; ,Ug;gjw;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghl;ilNa NgJU
Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh;.5 mjhtJ> caph;j;njOjYf;F Kd;Gk;> mjd; gpd;Gk; ,NaRfpwp];J
,Ue;j epiyiaNa ,t;thf;fpak; mwpaj;jUfpd;wJ.6 NkYk;> ,j;jifa KiwapNyNa
Nuhkh; 1:5Yk;> 1jPNkhj;NjA 3:16Yk; ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; tho;tpy; khk;rg;gpufhukhd
tho;Tk; Mtpf;Fhpa gpufhukhd tho;Tk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.7
cz;ikapy;> ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; caph;j;njOjy; \\Mtpf;FhpaJ|| vd;Nw NgJU
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. mjhtJ> rhPug;gpufhukhf khdpl tiuaiwfSf;F cl;gl;ltuhf ,Ue;j

1
1NgJU 3:18-20,y;> \\Vnddpy;> fpwp];JTk; ek;ikj; Njtdplj;jpy; Nrh;f;Fk;gb mePjpAs;sth;fSf;Fg;
gjpyhf ePjpAs;stuha;g; ghtq;fspdpkpj;jk; xUjuk; ghLgl;lhh;. mth; khk;rj;jpNy nfhiyAz;L>
MtpapNy caph;g;gpf;fg;gl;lhh;. me;j MtpapNy mth; Ngha;f; fhtypYs;s MtpfSf;Fg; gpurq;fpj;jhh;.
me;j Mtpfs;> g+h;tj;jpNy Nehth Ngioia Maj;jk; gz;Zk; ehl;fspNy> Njtd; ePba
nghWikNahNl fhj;jpUe;j NghJ> fPo;g;gbahkw;Nghditfs;. me;jg; NgioapNy rpyuhfpa vl;Lg; Ngh;
khj;jpuk; fhf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;|| vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2
M.Luther, Commentary on Peter and Jude, p. 166.
3
M.J.Erickson, “Is There Opportunity for Salvation After Death?” In Bibliotheca Sacra. 152 (1995), p. 137. (131-144)
4
Mq;fpyj;jpy; CSB, KJV, NKJV, ISV vd;Dk; nkhopngah;g;Gfs;.
5
J.R.Michaels, 1Peter: Word Biblical Commentary Volume 49, p. 204.
6
O.S.Brooks, “1Peter 3:21 – The Clue to the Literary Structure of the Epistle” In Novum Testamentum. 16 (1974), pp. 290-
305; K.H.Jobes, 1Peter: Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, p. 240; P.J.Achtemeier, 1Peter: Hermeneia
Bible Commentary, p. 249; E.Clowney, 1Peter, The Bible Speaks Today Commentary, p. 158; W.J.Dalton, Christ’s
Proclamation to the Spirits, p. 14; P.H.Davids, 1 Peter: The New International Commentary on the New Testament, p. 138;
D.E.Hiebert, “The Suffering and Triumphant Christ: An Exposition of 1Peter 3:18-22” In Bibliotheca Sacra. 139 (1982), p.
149; D.G.Horrell, Epistles of Peter and Jude: Epworth Commentaries, pp. 70-72; J.H.Elliott, 1Peter: Anchor Bible
Commentary, p. 647; L.Goppelt, A Commentary on 1Peter, p. 253; J.R.Michaels, 1Peter: Word Biblical Commentary
Volume 49, p. 205; M.William, “He descended into Hell? An Issue of Confessional Integrity” In Presbyterian. 25(1999),p.85
7
Kittel, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament Volume 6, pp. 417, 447; E.A.Blum, 1,2 Peter: Expositor’s Bible
Commentary, p. 242.

M.S.Vasanthakumar. Tamil Bible Research Centre msvtbrc@gmail.com 0044(0)7814252077 1

,NaRfpwp];J> ,j;jifa tiuaiwfs; ePf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; caph;j;njOe;jhh; vd;gNj
,t;thf;fpaj;jpd; mh;j;jkhFk;.8 ,jdhy;jhd;> jpUtptpypaj;jpy; \\Mtpf;Fhpa
,ay;Gilatuha; caph;ngw;nwOe;jhh;|| vd;W ,t;thf;fpak; nkhopngah;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mjhtJ> caph;j;njOe;j gpd;Gk; ,NaRfpwp];J rhPuj;jpNyNa ,Uf;fpd;w NghjpYk;>
,r;rhPuk; khk;r rhPuj;jpd; tiuaiwfs; vJTk; ,y;yhj Mtpf;Fhpa rhPukhf cs;sJ.
,jdhy;jhd;> ,NaRfpwp];J caph;j;njOe;j gpd;dh; fjTfs; G+l;lg;gl;bUe;j miwf;Fs;
nry;yf;$batuhfTk;> kdpjUila fz;fSf;Fj; njd;glf;$ba tpjj;jpy; Njhd;wp
gpd;dh; kiwaf; $batuhfTk; ,Ue;jhh; (Nahth.20:19> 20:26).9 mjhtJ> mth; kdpjdhf
,t;Tyfj;jpw;F tUtjw;F Kd;gpUe;j Mtpf;Fhpa epiyapy;> Mdhy;> kfpikaile;j
rhPuj;Jld; ,g;nghOJ ,Uf;fpd;whh;. vdNt> 1NgJU 3:19,y;> \\me;j MtpapNy mth;
Ngha;f; fhtypYs;s MtpfSf;Fg; gpurq;fpj;jhh;|| vd;Dk; $w;wpy;> \\me;j MtpapNy||
vd;gJ> mth; \\Mtpf;Fhpa epiyapy; gpurq;fpj;jijg;gw;wpa|| Fwpg;ghfNt cs;sJ.10
,jdhy;jhd;> ghpRj;j iggpspy; ,t;trdk; \\,e;j Mtp epiyapNyNa nrd;W
gpurq;fpj;jhh;|| vd;Wk;> uh[hPfk; vd;gtUila nkhopngah;g;gpy; \\me;j Mtp epiyapy;
mth; fhtypYs;s Mtpfsplk; Ngha; ciuahw;wpdhh;|| vd;Wk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,NaRfpwp];J Mtpf;Fhpa gpufhuk;> mjhtJ Mtp epiyapy; nra;j gpurq;fj;ijg;gw;wpNa
19Mk; trdj;jpy; NgJU Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh; vd;whYk;> mth; vf;fhyj;jpy; ,t;thW
gpurq;fk; gz;zpdhh; vd;gijg;gw;wpAk; Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; kj;jpapy; fUj;J Kuz;ghLfs;
cs;sd. vdpDk;> rpy Mjp rigj; jiyth;fspdJk; ghuk;ghpa rigfspdJk; jtwhd
xU cgNjrj;jpd; nry;thf;F fhuzkhfj; jw;fhyj;jpy; ngUk;ghyhd fpwp];jth;fs;>
,NaRfpwp];J jk;Kila rpYit kuzj;jpw;Fk; caph;j;njOjYf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l
fhyj;jpy; nra;j gpurq;fj;ijg;gw;wpNa NgJU Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sjhff; fUJfpd;wdh;.11
Mdhy;> khk;rj;jpy; nfhiyAz;L Mtpapy;> mjhtJ Mtpf;Fhpa epiyapy;
caph;g;gpf;fg;gl;l ,NaRfpwp];J \\MtpfSf;Fg; gpurq;fpj;jhh;|| vd;W ,t;trdq;fs;
$Wfpd;wdNt jtpu> mth; jk;Kila kuzj;jpw;Fk; caph;j;njOjYf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l
fhyj;jpy; gpurq;fpj;jhh; vd;W ,t;trdq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. NkYk;> ,j;jifa
cgNjrj;jpw;F Ntjhfkj;jpy; vt;tpj MjhuKk; ,y;iy. Vnddpy;> ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd;
kuzj;jpw;Fk; caph;j;njOjYf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy; mtUila rhPuk; fy;yiwapy;
itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ (Y}f;.23:52-53).12 Mdhy; mtuJ MtpNah guNyhfj;jpy; Njtdplk;
,Ue;jJ (Y}f;.23:46).13 vdNt> kuzj;jpw;Fk; caph;j;njOjYf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;
,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; Mtp gpurq;fpf;fr; nrd;wJ vd;W vt;tpjj;jpYk; $wKbahJ.
,NaRfpwp];J jk;Kila rpYit kuzj;jpw;Fk; caph;j;njOjYf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l
fhyj;jpy; khpj;Njhhpd; MtpfSf;Fg; gpurq;fpj;jhh; vd;W $Wgth;fs;> Kd;Df;Fg;gpd;
Kuzhd fUj;Jilath;fshfTk; Ntjhfk rj;jpaj;ij Kuz;gLj;Jk; cgNjrq;fisg;
Nghjpg;gth;fshfTNk ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. Vnddpy;> Ntjhfk rj;jpaj;jpd;gb kuzj;jpd;

8
N.Hillyer, 1 and 2 Peter: New International Biblical Commentary, pp. 113-114; J.N.D.Kelly, The Epistles of Peter and
Jude: Black’s New Testament Commentary, p. 151.
9
Nahthd; 20:19,y;> \\thuj;jpd; Kjy;ehshfpa md;iwaj;jpdk; rhaq;fhyNtisapNy> rP~h;fs;
$bapUe;j ,lj;jpy;> a+jh;fSf;Fg; gae;jjpdhy; fjTfs; g+l;bapUf;ifapy;> ,NaR te;J eLNt epd;W:
cq;fSf;Fr; rkhjhdk; vd;whh;|| vd;Wk;> Nahthd; 20:26,y;> \\kWgbAk; vl;L ehisf;Fg; gpd;G
mtUila rP\h;fs; tPl;bf;Fs;Ns ,Ue;jhh;fs;. NjhkhTk; mth;fSlNd$l ,Ue;jhd;. fjTfs;
g+l;lg;gl;bUe;jJ. mg;nghOJ ,NaR te;J eLNt epd;W: cq;fSf;Fr; rkhjhdk; vd;whh;|| vd;Wk;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
10
W.Grudem, 1Peter: Tyndale New Testament Commentary, pp. 156-157; J.R. Michaels, 1Peter: Word Biblical
Commentary Volume 49, p. 206; J.N.D.Kelly, Epistles of Peter and Jude: Black’s New Testament Commentary, p. 152.
11
B.Reicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism, pp. 116-118; E.Best, 1Peter: New Century Bible Commentary,
p, 140; L. Goppelt, A Commentary on 1 Peter, pp. 255-263; C.E.B.Cranfield, I&II Peter: Torch Bible Commentary, p. 91.
12
Y}f;fh 23:52-53,y;> \\mtd; gpyhj;Jtpdplj;jpy; Ngha;> ,NaRtpd; rhPuj;ijf; Nfl;L> mij ,wf;fp>
nky;ypa Jg;gl;bapNy Rw;wp> fd;kiyapy; ntl;lg;gl;lJkha; xUf;fhYk; xUtDk; itf;fg;glhjJkha;
,Ue;j xU fy;yiwapNy itj;jhd;|| vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
13
Y}f;fh 23:46,y;> \\,NaR: gpjhNt> ck;Kila iffspy; vd; Mtpia xg;Gtpf;fpNwd; vd;W kfh
rj;jkha;f; $g;gpl;Lr; nrhd;dhh;. ,g;gbr; nrhy;yp> [Ptid tpl;lhh;|| vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

M.S.Vasanthakumar. Tamil Bible Research Centre msvtbrc@gmail.com 0044(0)7814252077 2

gpd;dh; kde;jpUk;Gtjw;F vtUf;Fk; re;jh;g;gk; fpilg;gjpy;iy vd;gij> yhrUitAk;
IRthpathidAk; gw;wpa ctikapy; ,NaRfpwp];J njspthfj; njhptpj;Js;shh;.
(Y}f;.16:26).14 NkYk;> kdpjh; xU juk; khpg;gJk; gpd;G epahaj;jPhg
; ;giltJk; mth;fSf;F
epakpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;Nw Ntjhfkk; $WfpwJ (vgp.9:27). ,jdhy;> kuzj;jpd; gpd;
kde;jpUk;Gtjw;F vtUf;Fk; re;jh;g;gk; fpilg;gjpy;iy vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.
mg;gbapUe;Jk;> ,NaRfpwp];J jk;Kila kuzj;jpw;Fk; caph;j;njOjYf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l
fhyj;jpy; MtpfSf;Fg; gpurq;fk; gz;zpdhh; vd;W $Wgth;fspy; rpyh;> \\khpj;jth;fs;
kde;jpUk;Gtjw;F ,d;DnkhU re;jh;g;gj;ijf; nfhLg;gjw;fhf ,NaRfpwp];J
mth;fSf;Fg; gpurq;fpj;jhh;|| vd;W Nghjpf;fpd;wdh;.15 NkYk;> kdpjh;fSf;F khj;jpuky;y>
tpOe;JNghd J}jh;fSf;Fk; kde;jpUk;Gtjw;Fr; re;jh;g;gk; nfhLf;fg;gl;ljhfTk;; rpyh;
$Wfpd;wdh;.16 vdpDk;> rpyh; ,ijg; G+kpapy; tho;e;j fhyj;jpy; fLikahd ghtq;fisr;
nra;ahjth;fSf;F khj;jpuk; tiuaiw nra;Js;sdhh;.17 Mdhy;> G+kpapy; tho;e;j
fhyj;jpy; RtpNr~j;ijf; Nfl;gjw;Fr; re;jh;g;gk; fpilf;fhjth;fSf;Fk;> RtpNr~j;ijr;
rhpahff; Nfl;fhjth;fSf;Fk; kuzj;jpd; gpd;dh; nfhLf;fg;gl;l re;jh;g;gkhfr; rpyh;
,ijf; fUJfpd;wdh;.18 Vidath;fs;> ,j;jifa re;jh;g;gk; Nehthtpd; fhyj;jpy;
kde;jpUk;ghkw; Nghdth;fSf;F khj;jpuNk nfhLf;fg;gl;ljhff; fUJfpd;wdh;.19 vdpDk;
rpyh;> ,ij ghtk; nra;j J}jh;fSf;F nra;ag;gl;l gpurq;fkhfTk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdh;.20
,t;thW xd;iwnahd;W Kuz;gLj;Jk; tpsf;fq;fs;> Ntjhfk rj;jpaj;ij Kuz;gLj;Jk;
jtwhd NghjidfshfNt cs;sd.
Nehthtpd; fhyj;jpy; fPo;g;gbahkw; Nghdth;fspd; MtpfSf;Nf ,NaRfpwp];J gpurq;fk;
gz;zpdhh; vd;W 20Mk; trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sijf; fUj;jpw;nfhs;shky;
,NaRfpwp];J jk;Kila kuzj;jpw;Fk; caph;j;njOjYf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;
gioa Vw;ghl;Lg; ghpRj;jthd;fSf;Fg; gpurq;fpj;J>21 mth;fSf;F rj;jpaj;ij
KOikahf mwptpj;J>22 mth;fis tpLtpj;jhh; vd;W $WtJ Ntjhfkj;jpd; Nghjid
my;y. Vnddpy;> Ntjhfkj;jpy; Nrh;j;Jf;nfhs;sg;glhj A+jh;fSila E}y;fspd;
nry;thf;fpdhNyNa ,j;jifa Nghjidfs; fpwp];jth;fspdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,jdhy;> MtpfSf;Fg; gpurq;fpj;jJ ,NaRfpwp];J my;y vd;Wk;> VNdhf;Nf
,g;gzpiar; nra;jhh; vd;Wk;$l rpyh; $Wfpd;wdh;.23 Vnddpy;> Ntjhfkj;jpy; Nrh;j;Jf;
nfhs;sg;glhj E}y;fspNyNa VNdhf;F ,g;gb xU gzpiar; nra;Js;sjhf xU
fw;gidf; fij cs;sJ. mjhtJ> \\Kjyhk; VNdhf;F|| vd;Dk; Gj;jfj;jpy;> khdplg;
ngz;fis ,r;rpj;J mth;fSld; cwTnfhz;ljpdhy; tpOe;JNghd J}jh;fspd; kPjhd
Njt jz;lidia mwptpg;gjw;fhf mth;fs; ,Uf;Fkplj;jpw;F VNdhf;F nrd;wjhfTk;>24

14
kuzj;jpd; gpd;dh; kdpjUf;F vd;d elf;fpd;wJ vd;gij KOikahf mwpe;Jnfhs;tjw;F vdJ
\\kuzj;jpd; kWgf;fk;|| \\khpj;Njhhpd; Mtpfspdhy; kz;ZyFf;F tuKbAkh?|| vd;Dk; E}y;fisg;
ghh;ff
; Tk;.
15
C.Pinnock, A Wideness in God’s Mercy, p. 168; J.W.C.Wand, Epistles of Peter and Jude: Westminster Commentaries, pp.
111-112.
16
A.T.Hanson, “Salvation Proclaimed:1Peter 3:18-22” In Expository Times. 93 (1982) pp. pp. 100-105.
17
Cyril of Alexandria, 1-2 Peter: Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture, pp. 107-108.
18
J.Lange, The First Epistle General of Peter, pp. 66-67.
19
C.E.B. Cranfield, “The Interpretation of 1Peter iii.19 and iv.6” pp. 369-372.
20
W.W.Wiersbe, Be Hopeful: An Exposition of 1Peter, p. 92; J.MacArthur, The John MacArthur Bible Commentary, p.
1915; E.Best, 1Peter; The New Century Bible Commentary, pp. 140-146.
21
Ignatius, Letter to the Magnesians, 9:2, Justin, Dialogue with Trypho, 72:4.
22
E.C.S.Gibson, Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England, p. 159.
23
E.J.Goodspeed, “Some Greek Notes” pp. 91-92.
24
Mjpahfkk; Mwhk; mjpfhuj;ij Mjhukhf itj;J> NjtJ}jh;fSf;Fk; khdpl ngz;fSf;Fk; cwT
Vw;gl;lJ vd;Dk; NghjidAk; A+jh;fspdhy; fw;gidapy; vOjg;gl;l fijfspy; ,Ue;Nj
fpwp];jth;fspdhy; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy;> J}jh;fspy; Mz; ngz; NtWghNlh> ,dtpUj;jpNah>
ghypay; MirfNsh ,y;iy vd;gij ,NaRfpwp];JNt njhptpj;Js;sjpdhy;> NjtJ}jh;fs; khdpl
ngz;fSld; cwTnfhz;lhh;fs; vd;W $wKbahJ. ,j;jifa tpsf;fk; fw;gidapy; vOjg;gl;l
fijfspy; ,Ue;Nj vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ijg;gw;wpa KOikahd tpsf;fj;jpw;F tpiutpy; ntsptUk;
\\ghtj;jpd; Muk;gKk; mNfhuKk;|| vd;Dk; E}iyg; ghh;f;fTk;.

M.S.Vasanthakumar. Tamil Bible Research Centre msvtbrc@gmail.com 0044(0)7814252077 3

VNdhf;fpd; gpurq;fj;ijf; Nfl;L tpOe;JNghd J}jh;fs; kde;jpUk;gpaNghjpYk;>
VNdhf;F mth;fSila kde;jpUk;Gjiy Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy vd;Dk; fw;gidf; fij
cs;sJ (1VNdhf;F 13:1-2). NkYk;> Muk;gfhy Ntjhfkg; gpujpfspy; 1NgJU 3:19,y;
VNdhf;fpd; ngah; ,Ue;jjhf ,th;fs; $wpdhYk; ,jw;F vt;tpjkhd MjhuKk; ,y;iy.
,JTk; fp.gp.18Mk; E}w;whz;lstpy; cUthf;fg;gl;l xU fijahfNt cs;sJ.25
,NaRfpwp];J jk;Kila kuzj;jpw;Fk; caph;j;njOjYf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;
\\ghjhsj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whh;|| vd;Dk; ghuk;ghpar; rigfspd; Nghjidf;F 1NgJU 3:18-20I
Kjw; jlitahf cgNahfpj;jth; mnyf;rhe;jphpahitr; Nrhe;j fpskd;l; (Clement of
Alexandria AD150-220) vd;gtuhthh;.26 vdpDk;> RtpNr~g; gpurq;fj;ijf; Nfl;gjd;
%ykhfNt kdpjuhy; ,ul;rpf;fg;gl KbAk; vd;why;> RtpNr~j;ijf; Nfl;gjw;F vt;tpj
re;jh;g;gKk; fpilf;fhj epiyapy; khpj;jth;fspd; epiyik vd;d? vd;Dk; Nfs;tpf;fhd
gjpyhf cUthf;fg;gl;l Nghjidf;F MjhukhfNt fpskd;l; vd;gth; 1NgJU 3:18-20I
cgNahfpj;jhh;. ,jdhy;> RtpNr~j;ijf; Nfl;fhky; khpj;jth;fs;> ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd;
%yk; my;yJ khpj;j mg;Ngh];jyh;fspd; %yk; RtpNr~j;ijf; Nfl;ghh;fs; vd;gNj
,tUila Nghjidahf ,Ue;jJ. NkYk;> mnyf;rhe;jphpahitr; Nrh;e;j xhpfd;> rphpy;
vd;Dk; rigj; jiyth;fSk; ,g;Nghjidia Vw;Wf;nfhz;lNjhL>27 gpw;fhyj;jpy;
fj;Njhypf;f rigapy; \\cj;jhpg;G ];jyk;|| cUthf;fg;gLtjw;Fk; ,g;Nghjidfs;
28
fhuzkha; ,Ue;Js;sd. vdpDk;> kdpjh; ,ul;rpf;fg;gLtjw;F kuzj;jpd; gpd;dh;
re;jh;g;gk; nfhLf;fg;gLtjpy;iy vd;gij Rl;bf;fhl;Lgth;fs;> khpj;j ePjpkhd;fSf;F
,ul;rpg;igAk; Jd;khh;f;fUf;F Mf;fpidiaAk;gw;wpa ,Wjp mwptpg;ghfNt> fhtypYs;s
MtpfSf;F nra;ag;gl;l ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; gpurq;fk; ,Ug;gjhff; fUJfpd;wdh;.29
Mdhy;> ,uz;lhk; E}w;whz;bd; eLg;gFjpapy; rpy rigj; jiyth;fs;> ,NaRfpwp];J
khpj;NjhUf;F gpurq;fpj;jhh; vd;W Nghjpf;fpwth;fshf ,Ue;jhYk;> NgJU epUgq;fis
vOjpa fhyj;jpy;> ,j;jifa Nghjid rigapy; ,Ue;jjpw;F vt;tpj MjhuKk;
,y;iy.30
Mjp rigj; jiyth;fspd; Nghjid fhuzkhf> rpy ghuk;ghpar; rigfspy; thue;NjhWk;
nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w \\mg;Ngh];jy tpRthrg;gpukhzk;|| vd;W miof;fg;gLk; tpRthr
mwpf;ifapy; \\,NaRfpwp];J ghjhsj;jpw;F ,wq;fpdhh;|| vd;Dk; xU thf;fpaKk;
cs;sJ. ,jdhy;> ,NaRfpwp];J jkJ kuzj;jpw;Fk; caph;j;njOjYf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l
fhyj;jpy; MtpfSf;Fg; gpurq;fk; gz;zpdhh; vd;Dk; Nghjid ,d;Wtiu
epiyj;Js;sJ. vdpDk;> ,t;tpRthrg;gpukhzk; \\mg;Ngh];jyh;fspdhy; vOjg;gl;lJ||
vd;Dk; mh;j;jj;jpy; my;y> \\mg;Ngh];jyUila cgNjrq;fis mbg;gilahff;nfhz;L
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ|| vd;Dk; mh;j;jj;jpNyNa \\mg;Ngh];jy tpRthrg;gpukhzk;|| (Apostles’
Creed) vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.31 NkYk;> fpwp];jth;fspdhy; cgNahfpf;fg;gLk; Vida
tpRthrg;gpukhzq;fs; \\jpUr;rig MNyhridr; rq;fq;fspy;|| (Church Councils) rigj;
jiyth;fspd; Muha;r;rpapy; vOjg;gl;L> vy;NyhuhYk; mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;lJNghy>
mg;Ngh];jy tpRthrg;gpukhzk; ve;jnthU rq;fj;jpdhYk; vOjg;gltpy;iy.
mJkhj;jpuky;y> ,jpYs;s xt;nthU thf;fpaKk; fp.gp.200 Kjy; 750 tiu fhyj;jpw;Ff;
fhyk; ntt;NtW egh;fspdhy; Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.32 ,jdhy;jhd;> fp.gp.390 tiu
\\,NaRfpwp];J ghjhsj;jpw;F ,wq;fpdhh;|| vd;Dk; thf;fpak; ,t;tpRthrg;gpukhzj;jpy;

25
B.M.Metzger, Chapters in the History of New Testament textual Criticism, pp. 158-159.
26
G.Bray, ed., Ancient Christian Commentary on Scripture: New Testament Volume 11, p. 107. Downers Grove IVP, 2000.
27
Origen, De principiis, 2.5.3.
28
K.H.Jobes, 1Peter: Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, pp. 247-248.
29
J.Calvin, The Institutes of the Christian Religion, 2.16.8-9.
30
C.S.Keener, 1Peter: A Commentary, 271.
31
D.J.Treier & W.A.Elwell, ed., Evangelical Dictionary of Theology, p. 74.
32
W.Grudem, Systematic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine, p. 586.

M.S.Vasanthakumar. Tamil Bible Research Centre msvtbrc@gmail.com 0044(0)7814252077 4

,Uf;ftpy;iy.33 Mdhy;> ,t;thf;fpak; Nrh;f;fg;gl;lNghJ> ,NaRfpwp];J khpj;Njhhpd;
Mtpfs; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;whh; vd;Dk; mh;j;jj;jpy; my;y> mtUila rhPuk;
mlf;fk; gz;zg;gl;lJ vd;Dk; mh;j;jj;jpNyNa Nrh;f;fg;gl;lJ. NkYk;> gpw;fhyj;jpy;
,t;thf;fpaj;ij tpsf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; \\mlf;fk;gz;zg;gl;lhh;|| vd;Dk; thf;fpaKk;
tpRthrg;gpukhzj;jpy; vOjg;gl;lhYk;> fhyg;Nghf;fpy; ,uz;L thf;fpaq;fSk; ,uz;L
mh;j;jq;fSld; \\mlf;fk;gz;zg;gl;L ghjhsj;jpy; ,wq;fpdhh;|| vd;W jtwhfg; Ghpe;J
nfhs;sg;gl;lNjhL> ,jw;Nfw;w tpjj;jpy; 1NgJU 3:18-20 tpahf;fpahdk; nra;ag;gl;L
tUfpwJ.34
,NaRfpwp];J jk;Kila rpYit kuzj;jpw;Fk; caph;j;njOjYf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l
fhyj;jpy;> gioa Vw;ghl;Lf;fhy ghpRj;jthd;fspd; Mtpfs; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W
gpurq;fpf;ftpy;iy vd;why;> NgJU vijg;gw;wp $Wfpd;whh; vd;Dk; Nfs;tp ekf;Fs;
voyhk;. vdpDk;> ehk; Vw;fdNt ghh;j;j tpjkhf> Mtpf;Fhpa epiyapy; ,NaRfpwp];J
gpurq;fk; gz;zpaijg;gw;wpNa 19Mk; trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sjpdhy;> jw;fhyj;jpy;
ngUk;ghyhd Muha;r;rpahsh;fs;> ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; caph;j;njOjypd; gpd;dh; eilngw;w
xU rk;gtkhfNt ,ijf; fUJfpd;wdh;. mjhtJ> khk;rj;jpy; nfhiyAz;L Mtpf;Fhpa
gpufhuk; caph;j;njOe;j ,NaRfpwp];J> mjd;gpd;Ng fhtypYs;s MtpfSf;Fg;
gpurq;fpj;jjhf ,th;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;.35 vdpDk; ,th;fspy; rpyh;> ,NaRfpwp];J
caph;j;njOe;j jpdk; kfjNydh khpahSf;F fhl;rp nfhLj;j gpd;dh; ,r;rk;gtk;
eilngw;wjhff; $Wfpd;wdh;.36 Mdhy; Vidath;fs;> caph;j;njOjYf;Fk; guNkWj
Yf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;> my;yJ> ,NaRfpwp];J guNyhfj;jpw;Fr; nrd;wNghJ
eilngw;w rk;gtkhf ,ij tpsf;Ffpd;wdh;.37 vdpDk;> ,th;fSk; Ntjhfkj;jpy;
Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;glhj A+jh;fSila E}y;fis Mjhukhff;nfhz;Nl> \\fhtypYs;s
Mtpfs;|| tpOe;JNghd J}jh;fshd gprhrpd; Mtpfs; vd;Wk;> ,NaRfpwp];J
,t;thtpfSf;Fg; gpurq;fpj;jijg;gw;wpNa 1NgJU 3:18-20y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sjhfTk;
thjpLfpd;wdh;.38 ,jdhy;jhd;> VNdhf;Ftpd; Gj;jfk; ,y;yhky; NgJU ,t;trdq;fspy;
vOjpAs;sijg; ghpe;Jnfhs;s KbahJ vd;W ,th;fs; $Wfpd;wdh;.39 Mdhy;>
Ntjhfkj;jpy; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;glhj E}y;fspd; fijfis Ntjhfkj;jpw;Fs;

33
P.Schaff, Creeds of Christendom Volume 1, pp. 21, 46, Volume 2, p. 46; A.C.McGiffert, The Apostles Creed: Its Origin,
Its Purpose, and Its Historical Interpretation, pp. 6-7. New York: Scribner, 1902.
34
W.Grudem, “He did not Descend Into Hell: A Plea for Following Scripture Instead of the Apostle’s Creed” In JETS. 34
(1991), pp. 103-113.
35
M.E.Boring, 1Peter: Abingdon New Testament Commentaries, p. 140; W.J.Dalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits, p.
14; P.H.Davids, 1 Peter: The New International Commentary on the New Testament, pp. 138-141; J.H.Elliott, 1Peter:
Anchor Bible Commentary, pp. 647-652; J.R.Michaels, 1Peter: Word Biblical Commentary Volume 49, p. 205; E.G.Selwyn,
The First Epistle of St. Peter: The Greek Text with Introduction, Notes, and Essays, p. 353 New York: Macmillan, 1947.
A.M.Stibbs, 1Peter: Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, pp. 142-143. Eerdmans 1959. A.R.C.Leaney, Peter and Jude:
Cambridge Bible Commentary on the English Bible, p. 51 Cambridge University Press, 1967. A.J.Bandstra, “Making
Proclamation to the Spirits in Prison: Another Look at 1Peter 3:19” In Calvin Theological Journal. 38 (2003) pp. 120-124;
J.D.Charles, Peter: Expositors Bible Commentary Volume 13, pp. 338-342; J.N.D.Kelly, The Epistles of Peter and Jude:
Black’s New Testament Commentary, p. 154; T.R.Schreiner, 1, 2, Peter, Jude: The New American Commentary, pp. 184-
189; S.McKnight, 1Peter: The NIV Application Commentary, pp. 216-217; C.S.Keener, 1Peter: A Commentary, p. 273.
I.H.Marshall, 1Peter: The IVP New Testament Commentary, pp. 122-127; D.P.Senior, 1Peter: Sacra Pagina Bible
Commentary, p. 109; B.Witherington, A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary on 1-2 Peter, pp. 182-189
36
W.J. Dalton, Proclamation to the Spirits, pp. 185-186.
37
M.Eaton, 1Peter: Preaching Through The Bible, pp. 82-83; T.R.Schreiner, 1,2 Peter, Jude: New American Commentary,
p.188-190.
38
D.E.Hiebert, “The Suffering and Triumphant Christ: An Exposition of 1Peter 3:18-22” In Bibliotheca Sacra. 139 (1982)
pp. 146-158; A.J.Bandstra, “Making Proclamation to the Spirits in Prison: Another Look at 1Peter 3:19” In Calvin
Theological Journal. 38 (2003) pp. 120-124; W.J.Dalton, “The Interpretation of 1Peter 3:19 and 4:6: Light from 2Peter” In
Biblica. 60 (1979) pp. 547-555; J.R.Michaels, 1Peter: Word Biblical Commentary Volume 49, pp. 194-222; I.H.Marshall,
ed., New Testament Interpretations: Essays on Principles and Methods, pp. 264-281. Eerdmans, 1977. S.McKnight, 1Peter:
The NIV Application Commentary, p. 217; K.H.Jobes, 1Peter: Baker Exegetical Commentary on the New Testament, pp.
243-244.
39
I.H.Marshall, ed., New Testament Interpretation: Essays on Principles and Methods, p. 265.

M.S.Vasanthakumar. Tamil Bible Research Centre msvtbrc@gmail.com 0044(0)7814252077 5

GFj;JtJk;> mtw;iw Ntjrj;jpakhf mwptpg;gJk; jtwhFk;. NkYk;> fhtypYs;s
Mtpfs; \\g+h;tj;jpNy Nehth Ngioia Maj;jk; gz;Zk; ehl;fspNy> Njtd; ePba
nghWikNahNl fhj;jpUe;j NghJ fPo;g;gbahkw;Nghditfs;|| vd;W 20Mk; trdj;jpy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gjpdhy;> ,e;j Mtpfis tpOe;JNghd J}jh;fshff; fUj KbahJ.
Vnddpy; J}jh;fspd; tPo;rr ; p Nehthtpd; fhyj;jpy; my;y> mjw;Fk; Kd;Ng> Fwpg;ghf
MjhKk; VthSk; ghtj;jpy; tpOtjw;Fk; Kd;Ng eilngw;Ws;sJ. NkYk;> 20Mk;
trdj;jpd; ,Wjpapy; \\me;jg; NgioapNy rpyuhfpa vl;Lg;Ngh; khj;jpuk; fhf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;||
vd;Wk; NgJU $Wtjpdhy;> Ngioapy; fhg;ghw;wg;gl;lth;fSf;Fk; mf;fhyj;jpy;
fPo;g;gbahkw;Nghdth;fSf;Fk; ,ilapyhd tpj;jpahrj;ijNa NgJU ,t;trdq;fspy;
Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh; vd;gJ njspthfpwJ. vdNt> NgJU Fwpg;gpLk; Mtpfs;
\\kdpjUila MtpfshfNt cs;sd.||40 MdhYk;> 20Mk; trdk; Rl;bf;fhl;LtJ Nghy>
,itfs; Nehthtpd; fhyj;jpy; fPo;g;gbahjth;fspd; MtpfshfNt cs;sd.
Nehthtpd; fhyj;jpy; fPo;g;gbahkw;Nghdth;fspd; MtpfSf;F nra;ag;gl;l gpurq;fj;ijg;
gw;wpNa NgJU ,t;trdq;fspy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh; vd;why;> caph;j;njOe;j ,NaRfpwp];J
vg;gb ,th;fSf;F gpurq;fpj;jpUf;f KbAk; vd;W ehk; Nfl;fyhk;. vdpDk;>
,NaRfpwp];J caph;j;njOe;j gpd;dh; gpurq;fpj;jhh; vd;W 19Mk; trdk; $wtpy;iy.
Vnddpy;> ehk; Vw;fdNt ghh;j;jgb (%ynkhopapd; ,yf;fz mikg;G Kiwapd;gb)>
,NaRfpwp];J \\Mtpf;Fhpa epiyapy; gpurq;fpj;jjhfNt|| 19Mk; trdj;jpy;
Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jdhy;> ,t;trdj;jpy; \\me;j MtpapNy|| vd;gJ> 18Mk;
trdj;jpd;gb> \\MtpahapUf;Fk; epiyiaNa|| Fwpf;fpd;wJ. NkYk;> ,j;jifa epiyapy;
,NaRfpwp];J gioa Vw;ghl;Lj; jPh;f;fjhprpfSf;F Clhfg; gpurq;fpf;fpwtuhf ,Ue;jhh;
vd;gij epUgj;jpd; Kjyhk; mjpfhuj;jpNyNa NgJU Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;shh; (1NgJ.1:10-
11).41 mJkhj;jpuky;y> NehthTk; jd;Dila fhy kf;fSf;Fj; NjtDila
thh;j;ijia mwptpg;gtuhf ,Ue;jjjhfTk; NgJU jd;Dila ,uz;lhtJ epUgj;jpy;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh; (2NgJ.2:5). vdNt> ehk; NgJUtpd; nkhopeilia Kjypy; Ghpe;Jnfhs;s
Ntz;Lk;. mjhtJ> gioa Vw;ghl;Lj; jPh;f;fjhprpfSf;F Clhf ,NaRfpwp];J
gpurq;fpf;fpwtuhf ,Ue;jhh; vd;gNj NgJUtpd; ek;gpf;ifahf ,Ue;jJ. ,jdhy;jhd;>
Nehthtpd; fhyj;jpy; fPo;g;gbahkw; Nghdth;fSf;Nf ,NaRfpwp];J gpurq;fpj;jjhfg;
NgJU Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. vdpDk;> mth;fisf; \\fhtypYs;s mtpfs;|| vd;W NgJU
$WtNj mNefUf;F Fog;gj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ. Mdhy;> NgJU ,e;epUgj;ij
vOJk;NghJ Nehthtpd; fhyj;jpy; fPo;g;gbahkw; Nghdth;fs; capUld; ,uhjjpdhy;>
mth;fisf; \\fhtypYs;s Mtpfs;|| vd;W NgJU Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. Vnddpy;>
fPo;g;gbahkw;Nghd ,th;fs;> Jd;khh;f;fhpd; Mtpfs; nry;Yk; ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;.
mq;fpUf;Fk; Mtpfspdhy; NtW vq;Fk; nry;y KbahJ vd;gjpdhy;jhd; ,th;fisf;
\\fhtypYs;s Mtpfs;|| vd;W NgJU th;zpj;Js;shh;. vdNt> Nehthtpd; Clhf
,NaRfpwp];J gpurq;fpj;jijg; gw;wpNa 1NgJU 3:18-20y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.42 mjhtJ>

40
F.W.Beare, 1Peter: Greek Text with Introduction and Notes, p. 172.
41
1NgJU 1:10-11y; \\cq;fSf;F cz;lhd fpUigiaf; Fwpj;Jj; jPhf ; ;fjhprdQ;nrhd;d jPh;f;fjhprpfs;
,e;j ,ul;rpg;igf; Fwpj;Jf; fUj; jha; Muha;e;J ghpNrhjid gz;zpdhh;fs;. jq;fspYs;s fpwp];Jtpd;
Mtpahdth; fpwp];JTf;F cz;lhFk; ghLfisAk;> mitfSf;Fg; gpd;tUk; kfpikfisAk;
Kd;dwptpj;jNghJ> ,d;d fhyj;ijf; Fwpj;jhnud;gijAk;> me;jf; fhyj;jpd; tpNr~k;
,d;dnjd;gijAk; Muha;e;jhh;fs;|| vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
42
J.S.Feinberg, “1Peter 3;18-20: Ancient Mythology and the Intermediate State” pp. 303-336; W.Grudem, 1Peter: Tyndale
New Testament Commentary, pp. 155-161, 203-239; J.H.Skilton, “A Glance at Some Old Problems in First Peter” pp. 1-9;
J.F.Walvoord & R.B.Zuck, ed., The Bible Knowledge Commentary New Testament, p. 851; W.Kelly, Christ Preaching to the
Spirits in Prison, pp. 3-89; P.Patterson, A Pilgrim Priesthood: An Exposition of First Peter, pp. 134-146, 195-199;
Nashville: Nelson, 1982; G.H.Clark, New Heavens, New Earth: First and Second Peter, 130; Jefferson: Trinity Foundation,
1972. M.J.Erickson, “Is There Opportunity for Salvation After Death?” In Bibliothecs Sacra. 152 (1995), pp. 131-144;
J.S.Feinberg, “1Peter 3:18-20, Ancient Mythology, and the Intermediate State” In Westminster Theological Journal. 48
(1986), pp. 3030-336; M.Rydelnik & M.Vanlaningham, ed., The Moody Bible Commentary, p. 1963; W.MacDonald,
Believer’s Bible Commentary, p. 2272; St.Augustine, Letter 164, Ch.15-17; T.Aquinas, Summa Theologica, Part 3, Question
52, Article 2; R.Leighton, Commentary on First Peter, pp. 354-366; Grand Rapids: Kregel, 1972

M.S.Vasanthakumar. Tamil Bible Research Centre msvtbrc@gmail.com 0044(0)7814252077 6

gioa Vw;ghl;Lf; fhyj;jpy; jPh;f;fjhprpfSf;F Clhf kdpjh;fNshL NgRk;
,NaRfpwp];J> Nehthtpd; %yk; mtDila fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j kf;fSf;Fg;
gpurq;fpj;Js;shh;. ,jdhy;> Ntjhfkj;jpy; Nrh;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;glhj fw;gidf; fijfis
Mjhukhff;nfhz;L> ,NaRfpwp];J jk;Kila kuzj;jpw;Fk; caph;j;njOjYf;Fk;
,ilg;gl;l fhyj;jpy;> my;yJ caph;j;njOe;j gpd;dh; MtpfSf;Fg; gpurq;fpj;jhh; vd;W
1NgJU 3:18-20I tpahf;fpahdk; nra;tJ> Ntjhfkj;jpy; nrhy;yg;glhj xU fhhpaj;ij
mjw;Fs; GFj;Jk; nrayhfNt cs;sJ.
Nehthtpd; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j kf;fSf;F> Nehthtpd; Clhf ,NaRfpwp];Jtpd; Mtp
nra;j gpurq;fj;ijg;gw;wpNa NgJU Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh; vd;gNj NgJU ,t;trdq;fspy;
Fwpg;gpLk; tp~ak; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F mtUila nkhopeilia ehk;
mwpe;jpUf;f Ntz;baJ mtrpak;. ,y;iynad;why;> Ntjhfk rj;jpaj;ijNa
Kuz;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy;> kdpjh;fs; khpj;j gpd;Gk; mth;fSf;F RtpNr~k;
mwptpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ vd;Dk; jtwhd fUj;Jilatuhfg; NgJU ,Ue;Js;shh; vd;Dk;
vz;zNk ekf;F Vw;gLk;. Vnddpy;> NgJU ,t;trdq;fspy; khj;jpuky;y> ehd;fhk;
mjpfhuj;jpYk; khpNjhUf;F RtpNr~k; mwptpf;fg;gLtjhff; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. mjhtJ>
Mwhk; trdj;jpy; \\,jw;fhf khpj;Njhuhdth;fs;> kD~h; Kd;ghf khk;rj;jpNy
Mf;fpidf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;bUe;Jk;> Njtd; Kd;ghf MtpapNy gpiof;Fk;gbahf>
mth;fSf;Fk; RtpNr~k; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ|| (1NgJ.4:6) vd;W vOjpAs;shh;. Mdhy;>
\\khpj;NjhUf;F RtpN~rk; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ|| vd;W NgJU $Wk;NghJ> %ynkhopapd;
,yf;fz mikg;G Kiwapd;gb ,t;thf;fpak;> ,g;NghJ khpj;jth;fsha;
,Ug;gth;fSf;F> mth;fs; capNuhbUf;Fk;NghJ mth;fSf;F RtpNr~k;
mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;Dk; mh;j;jKilajhfNt cs;sJ.43 Vndd;why;> kuzj;jpd;gpd;
vtUf;Fk; RtpNr~k; mwptpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy vd;gJ Ntjhfkj;jpd; njspthd
Nghjidaha; cs;sJ (vgp.9:27).44 vdNt> ,NaRfpwp];JTk; khpj;Njhhpd; MtpfSf;Fg;
gpurq;fpj;jpUf;f khl;lhh;. ,jdhy;jhd;> NgJU ,e;epUgj;ij vOJk; fhyj;jpy;
khpj;NjhUf;F RtpNr~k; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W mth; $Wk;NghJ> mth;fs;
capNuhbUe;jNghJ mth;fSf;F RtpNr~k; mwptpf;fg;gl;lijg;gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk;
tpjj;jpy;> \\mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ|| vd;Dk; nrhy;iy ,we;jfhyj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;. ,ijg;
NghyNt> fhtypYs;s MtpfSf;Fr; nra;ag;gl;l gpurq;fKk;> khpj;NjhUf;F nra;;ag;gl;l
gpurq;fkhf my;y> mth;fs; capNuhbUf;Fk;NghJ mth;fSf;F nra;ag;gl;l
gpurq;fkhfNt cs;sJ. Mdhy;> NgJU epUgj;ij vOJk; fhyj;jpy; mth;fs;
capNuhbuhjjpdhy;> mth;fSila jw;fhy epiyiaf; fUj;jpw;nfhz;ltuhf mth;fis
fhtypYs;s Mtpfshff; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;.45

43
W.Grudem, 1Peter: Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, pp. 170-171; J.N.D.Kelly, The Epistles of Peter and Jude:
Black’s New Testament Commentary, 174; T.R.Schreiner, 1, 2, Peter, Jude: The New American Commentary, p. 208;
P.H.Davids, 1 Peter: The New International Commentary on the New Testament, pp. 153-155; J.H.Elliott, 1Peter: Anchor
Bible Commentary, pp. 733-734; E.G.Selwyn, The First Epistle of St. Peter: The Greek Text with Introduction, Notes, and
Essays, p. 354; W.J.Dalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits, pp. 270-272
44
vgpnuah; 9:27,d;gb> kuzj;jpd; gpd; RtpNr~j;ij kWgbAk; Nfl;gjw;fhd re;jh;g;gk; my;y>
kdpjUf;F epahaj;jPh;g;Ng cs;sJ. ,jdhy;jhd; ,t;trdj;jpy; \\xNujuk; khpg;gJk;> gpd;G
epahaj;jPh;g;giltJk;> kD~Uf;F epakpf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhff;|| Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
45
W.Grudem, 1Peter: Tyndale New Testament Commentaries, p.210.

M.S.Vasanthakumar. Tamil Bible Research Centre msvtbrc@gmail.com 0044(0)7814252077 7