Lesson

Singular and Plural Nouns

1. Grammar Introduction

A. Common and Proper Nouns

Common boy amusement park Nouns are names for people, animals, places and things.
Noun city book Most nouns are common nouns.

Proper John Disneyland Proper nouns are ‘specific’ names.

Noun Paris Charlotte's Web They always begin with capital letters.

Circle the proper noun, check the common noun and write.
Common Noun Proper Noun

1 Harry is a boy. boy

............................................ Harry
...........................................

2 Tokyo is a city. ............................................ ...........................................

3 Charlotte's Web is a book. ............................................ ...........................................

4 Harvard is a school. ............................................ ...........................................

5 The Nile is a river. ............................................ ...........................................

B. Singular and Plural Nouns

Singular Plural Singular means one. Plural means two or more.
cat cats
~s To make most nouns plural, add -s to the singular form.
horse horses
box boxes
bus buses End of noun: -ch, -sh, -s, -x
~es
bench benches Plural form: add -es
dish dishes
baby babies End of noun: consonant + -y
~ies
country countries Plural form: change y to i and add -es
child children
Irregular No specific rules
foot feet
Common irregular plural nouns:
man - men person - people foot - feet tooth - teeth mouse - mice

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 1 - Singular and Plural Nouns

Write the plural form.

1 forest forests
...................................................... 5 fox ......................................................

2 child ...................................................... 6 tooth ......................................................

3 country ...................................................... 7 story ......................................................

4 bus ...................................................... 8 foot ......................................................

Write the singular form.

1 computer
................................................. computers 4 ................................................. bookcases

2 ................................................. kisses 5 ................................................. women

3 ................................................. programs 6 ................................................. ladies

C. A or An
a pen a radio
a Use a or an with nouns. It means 'one' thing.
a small umbrella
Put a before a consonant.
an orange an egg Put an before a vowel.
an
an interesting book
Consonants: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z
Vowels: a, e, i, o, u

Write a or an.

a
1 John is reading ........................ comic book.

2 We have ........................ wonderful idea.

3 Jennifer is ........................ English name.

4 I have ........................ uncle in America.

5 Wow! That is ........................ big octopus.

6 Amy has ........................ large umbrella.

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 2. Grammar Practice
A Choose and write.

Common Noun Proper Noun Others

1 friends
.............................................. 6 Mary
.............................................. 11 pretty
..............................................

2 .............................................. 7 .............................................. 12 ..............................................

3 .............................................. 8 .............................................. 13 ..............................................

4 .............................................. 9 .............................................. 14 ..............................................

5 .............................................. 10 .............................................. 15 ..............................................

friends Golden Gate Park pretty teacher Mary Mr. Brown jar before
make Stanford University children fast mother go Empire State Building

B Write a or an. Write if a or an is not needed.

1 A: What do .......................... elephants have?

B: They have .......................... large ears.

2 A: There is .......................... bike outside. Is it your bike, Cindy?

B: Yes, it is. It is .......................... new bike.

3 A: Are there .......................... apples on the table?

B: Yes, there are. And here is .......................... orange.

4 A: Do you have .......................... pets?

B: Yes, I do. I have .......................... dog and .......................... two rabbits.

5 A: How many legs does .......................... octopus have?

B: It has .......................... eight legs.

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 1 - Singular and Plural Nouns

C Check and correct the mistake.

1 This is a octopus and that is a crab. an

................................................

2 There are three man in the room. ................................................

3 Wow! This is an big egg. ................................................

4 This is john. He is a new student. ................................................

5 There are many trees in the Park. ................................................

6 We need a table and a chairs. ................................................

D Write the plural forms.

Mammals are warm-blooded

animals Mammals live both on land and in

___________.
animal
water. Some ____________, like _______ and
mammal tiger
_______, eat meat. They hunt other animals for food.
fox
Some other mammals, like hedgehogs and _______,
bat
eat _________. Other mammals, like ________ and
insect cow
_______, eat ________. And mammals, like _______
rabbit plant bear
and rats, eat both plants and meat.

3. Grammar Summary

Nouns A or An
Common Proper Singular Plural
a an
Noun Noun Noun Noun
country France school schools a teacher an apple
boy Harry bench benches a bike an egg
teacher Mr. Brown child children a lemon an igloo

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 Lesson
Count and Noncount Nouns

1. Grammar Link
Go to page 106. Take Grammar Quiz 1.

2. Grammar Introduction
A. Count and Noncount Nouns
Singular Plural

a cookie cookies Count nouns are the names of objects that we can count with
Count
a bus buses numbers.
Noun
one leaf leaves They take singular or plural form.

water Noncount nouns are the names of objects that we cannot count
Noncount
cheese with numbers.
Noun
juice They take only singular form and do not take a or an.

Common noncount nouns:

furniture homework mail money bread milk weather music information

Read and circle.

1 I see five monkeys. count noun noncount noun

2 I have a good idea. count noun noncount noun

3 There is a lot of furniture in the house. count noun noncount noun

4 Our town has a shopping mall. count noun noncount noun

5 I'm hungry. I want some cheese. count noun noncount noun

6 There are some sandwiches for you. count noun noncount noun

Circle the correct word.

1 My teacher gave us a lot of homework / homeworks .
2 There are ten story / stories in the book.
3 I need more information / informations on the science project.
4 Is there any mail / mails in the mailbox?

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 2 - Count and Noncount Nouns

B. Some
There are some sandwiches. Some is used with plural count nouns.
There is some milk. Some is used with noncount nouns.
I have some money. Use some in affirmative sentences.
Do you have some money? Use some in questions.

A or an is used with singular count nouns.

There is a sandwich. There is an egg.

Write a, an, or some.

1 Mary is wearing ................... necklace and ................... earrings.

2 I can't go to the party. I have ................... homework to do.

3 Can I have ................... information on the train schedule?

4 I am hungry. I want ................... orange.

5 John has ................... mail in his mailbox.

6 There are ................... dictionaries in the classroom.

C. Any

I don't have any brothers. Any is used with plural count nouns.
Is there any juice? Any is used with noncount nouns.
There aren't any apples. Use any in negative sentences.
Do you have any homework? Use any in questions.

Write some or any.

1 My brother doesn't have ........................ homework today.

2 Mom, are there ........................ clean shirts?

3 Does Mary have ........................ brothers?

4 We have ........................ vegetables, but we don't have ........................ fruit.

5 The classroom is empty. There aren't ........................ students.

6 Can you help me? I have ........................ problems.

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 3. Grammar Practice
A Choose and write.

Count Noun Noncount Noun

1 peanuts
........................................................................... 8 bread
...........................................................................

2 ........................................................................... 9 ...........................................................................

3 ........................................................................... 10 ...........................................................................

4 ........................................................................... 11 ...........................................................................

5 ........................................................................... 12 ...........................................................................

6 ........................................................................... 13 ...........................................................................

7 ........................................................................... 14 ...........................................................................

peanuts bread furniture banana yogurt knife spoon

homework postcard mail coin music cookies money

B Check and correct the mistake.

1 I don't have some money. any

...................................................................

2 I want a egg for breakfast this morning. ...................................................................

3 I don't have much moneys. ...................................................................

4 I need an information about the bus schedule. ...................................................................

5 Do you have some friend in Korea? ...................................................................

6 Are there any picture on the wall? ...................................................................

7 I want to listen to some musics. ...................................................................

8 You got a mail today. ...................................................................

9 There are some girl in the classroom. ...................................................................

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 2 - Count and Noncount Nouns

C Write a, an, some or any.

1 A: I am thirsty. Is there ............................... orange juice?

B: Sorry. There isn't ............................... orange juice. We have ............................... milk.

2 A: Is there ............................... ice cream?

B: No, there isn't. Do you want ............................... apple instead?

D Complete the sentence using some or any.

1 yogurt some yogurt

You need ........................................................................ .

2 milk You don't need ..............................................................

3 raisin You need .........................................................................

4 sunflower seed You need .........................................................................

5 banana You don't need ..............................................................

6 strawberry You need .........................................................................

4. Grammar Summary
Count and Noncount Nouns
Count Noun Noncount Noun
There is a postcard.
a / an
There is an orange.
I got some postcards. I got some mail.
some
Are there some tables? Is there some furniture?
There aren't any oranges. There isn't any milk.
any
Do you have any tests? Do you have any homework?

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 Lesson
Subject and Object Pronouns

1. Grammar Link
Go to page 107. Take Grammar Quiz 2.

2. Grammar Introduction

A. Subjects and Objects

He is a boy. The subject is the noun or pronoun that usually comes at the
Subject (S)
The boy sees the girl. beginning of a sentence.

The girl has a puppy. The object is the noun or pronoun that comes after the verb in
Object (O)
She loves it. a sentence.

Circle the subject and check the object.

1 I eat breakfast every day. 6 Tom loves ice cream.

2 Mary has a book. 7 They read newspapers.

3 The birds are flying. 8 Sam and John play baseball.

4 We study English. 9 Children like candy.

5 Do you like fruit? 10 Is she sleeping?

B. Subject Pronouns
Singular Plural
1st Person I like apples. We like apples.
2nd Person You speak English. You speak English. I, we, you, he, she, it, and
He has a brother. they are subject pronouns.
They have a brother.
3rd Person She has a brother.
It is on the desk. They are on the desk.
A subject pronoun takes the place of a subject noun.
Jack is from Canada. He speaks English. (He = Jack)
Mary is from Canada. She speaks English. (She = Mary)
Jack and Mary are from Canada. They speak English. (They = Jack and Mary)

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 3 - Subject and Object Pronouns

Write the correct subject pronoun.

1 John is tall. He
............................... is a basketball player.

2 Sarah and Amy are nice. ............................... are pretty too.

3 The tiger is running. ............................... is fast.

4 My mom is busy. ............................... is working.

5 A: Are you and Jenny best friends? B: Yes, ............................... are.

6 A: Do ............................... study English? B: Yes, I do.

C. Object Pronouns
Singular Plural
1st Person I like Mary. Mary likes me. We like Mary. Mary likes us.
2nd Person You like Mary. Mary likes you. You like Mary. Mary likes you.
He likes Mary. Mary likes him.
3rd Person She likes Mary. Mary likes her. They like Mary. Mary likes them.
It likes Mary. Mary likes it.

Me, us, you, him, her, it, and them are object pronouns.
An object pronoun takes the place of an object noun.
Sam is my best friend. I like him very much. (him = Sam)
Amy is my best friend. I like her very much. (her = Amy)
Sam and Amy are my best friends. I like them very much. (them = Sam and Amy)

Write the correct object pronoun.

it
1 I got a new bike. I got ............................... yesterday.

2 The man hits the balls. He hits ............................... hard.

3 The singer sings a song. She sings ............................... well.

4 Mary likes Tom. She likes ............................... very much.

5 A: I will call Mary. B: Will you call ............................... tonight?

6 A: John wants to see you. B: Why does he want to see ...............................?

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 3. Grammar Practice
A Circle the correct pronoun.

1 Mike is in his room. He / Him is reading a book.

2 Sarah is a new student. I want to invite she / her to the party.

3 My friends and I are at my house. We / Us are watching a movie.

4 Amy is wearing new shoes. She bought they / them yesterday.

5 My parents have a new car. They / Them got it last month.

6 A: When do you see your grandma? B: I see she / her every Sunday.

7 Sam and Jenny are my friends. They / Them are my neighbors too.

8 I need to see your English book. Can you show it / them to me?

B What does the pronoun in bold refer to?

1 We moved to a new house. It has a big garden.

a new house
It refers to ...................................................................................................... .

2 I did my homework yesterday, but I didn't bring it today.

It refers to .......................................................................................................

3 Andy is a new student. Let's go and meet him.

Him refers to ..................................................................................................

4 My friends and I are in Ms. Takeda's class. She teaches us Japanese.

Us refers to .....................................................................................................

5 Mary has three tortoises. She got them from her friend.
Them refers to ...............................................................................................

6 There is Barbara. Let's go and talk to her.

Her refers to ...................................................................................................

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 3 - Subject and Object Pronouns

C Write the correct subject and object pronouns.

1 A: Do you like ice cream?

B: Yes, ........................... do. I eat ........................... every day.

2 A: Do your grandparents live with you?

B: No, ........................... don't. We visit ........................... every Sunday.

D Choose and write.

He he She She She They they him her

He lives in a barn. Charlotte is

Wilbur is a pig. ________

She lives in the same barn. ________ are

a gray spider. ________

good friends. One day, an old sheep tells Wilbur that ________

is going to be killed on Christmas. Wilbur asks Charlotte for help.

Charlotte has a great idea. ________ can write words about

Wilbur in ______ web. _______ works hard on her web

and helps ________ become famous. Finally, ________

go to a county fair together. Will Wilbur live past

Christmas?

4. Grammar Summary

Subject and Object Pronouns

Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun Subject Pronoun Object Pronoun
st
1 Person I me we us
nd
2 Person you you you you
rd
3 Person he/she/it him/her/it they them

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 Lesson
Demonstratives and Possessives 1

1. Grammar Link
Go to page 108. Take Grammar Quiz 3.

2. Grammar Introduction
A. Demonstratives
Singular Plural
This is Sam's dog. These are my pictures.
Demonstrative That is Amy's cat. Those are John's books.
Pronoun I like this. I like these.
I want that. I want those.
Demonstrative This dog is smart. These pictures are great.
Adjective That cat is cute. Those books are difficult.

this that these those

Circle the correct word.

1 These / This paintings are from Italy. 4 These / This children are third graders.

2 Do you know those / that men? 5 Those / That are my friends.

3 Is those / that your father's car? 6 These / This is a new pen.

Read and write.

Singular Plural

1 This is a red pen. These are red pens.

..................................................................

2 .................................................................. Those presents are for Kathy.

3 That is my brother. ..................................................................

4 .................................................................. Can I play with these toys?

5 I want to buy this. ..................................................................

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 4 - Demonstratives and Possessives 1

B. Possessive Nouns

My friend has a bike.

Possessive nouns show that someone has
My friend's bike is new.
something.
The child has a bag.
Singular Singular possessive noun:
The child's bag is blue.
friend friend's
Mike has a dog.
Mike Mike's
Mike's dog is a poodle.

My friends have a class.

Plural possessive noun:
My friends' class is fun.
Plural regular: friends friends'
The children wear uniforms.
irregular: children children's
The children's uniforms are new.

Write the correct possessive form.

1 dog tail dog's

......................................... tail

2 girls dresses ......................................... dresses

3 eagles wings ......................................... wings

4 women shirts ......................................... shirts

5 Jane bedroom ......................................... bedroom

6 my brother MP3 player ......................................... MP3 player

7 my teachers names ......................................... names

Complete the sentence using the possessive form.

1 Elephants'
....................................... Elephants ears are huge.

2 Those are the ....................................... boys skateboards.

3 Where is the ....................................... penguin home?

4 Are these ....................................... women necklaces?

5 The ....................................... teachers room is on the first floor.

6 ....................................... My mother sandwiches are delicious.

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 3. Grammar Practice
A Look and write.

1 2 3

dog teacher twins

This is a ..................
.................. dog's tail. ............ is the ................... board. ................ is the ................. tent.

4 5 6

Kelly women my dad

................. are ................. books. .............. are .................... shoes. .............. are ................... glasses.

B Write the sentence using the words on the left.

1 These / children / jackets These are children's jackets.

..........................................................................................

2 This / the tigers / new home ..........................................................................................

3 That / the teachers / room ..........................................................................................

4 Those / the girl / boots ..........................................................................................

5 This / my brother / homework ..........................................................................................

6 That / Mike / school ..........................................................................................

7 Those / Amy / friends ..........................................................................................

8 These / students / desks ..........................................................................................

9 This / your brother / book ..........................................................................................

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 4 - Demonstratives and Possessives 1

C Choose and write.

polar bear’s duck’s Giraffes’ animals Frogs’ camel’s

Amazing Animals
All animals have something special to help them live

Giraffes' necks are long so that they

in the world. ____________

can eat leaves from high trees. __________ tongues are

sticky so they can catch insects. A ___________ feet are

webbed for diving and swimming. A _______________

eyelashes are long for keeping sand out of its eyes. A

____________ fur is thick so it can live in the snow or

ice. How amazing all these ____________ are!

4. Grammar Summary

Demonstratives Possessive Nouns

Singular Plural Singular Plural
This/That These/Those child's toy/Sam's CDs friends' comic books/children's playroom

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 Lesson
Possessives 2

1. Grammar Link
Go to page 109. Take Grammar Quiz 4.

2. Grammar Introduction

A. Possessive Adjectives
Singular Plural
I have a dog. We have a new house. I - my
1st Person
This is my dog. This is our house. we - our
You have a present. You are good singers.
2nd Person you - your
This is your present. I like your voices.
John has a new bike.
This is his bike. My friends play basketball. he - his
Mary has a blue jacket. These are their uniforms. she - her
3rd Person
This is her jacket. it - its
A giraffe has a long neck. Elephants have big ears. they - their
Its legs are long too. Their trunks are strong.
My, our, your, his, her, its, and their are possessive adjectives.
A possessive adjective is used in front of a noun: my dog, our house, their uniforms

Write the correct possessive adjective.

1 Mike's bike his
....................... bike 4 students' names ....................... names

2 children's books ....................... books 5 my dad's car ....................... car

3 my mom's shoes ....................... shoes 6 fox's tail ....................... tail

Complet the sentence with the correct possessive adjective.

1 I have long brown hair. My
............................. hair is long and brown.

2 We have a great soccer team. ............................. soccer team is great.

3 You have a big room. ............................. room is big.

4 I have nice friends. ............................. friends are nice.

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 5 - Possessives 2

B. Possessive Pronouns
Singular Plural
This is my backpack. This is our house. I - my - mine
1st Person
This backpack is mine. This house is ours. we - our - ours
This is your book. These are your games.
2nd Person you - your - yours
This book is yours. These games are yours.
This is his camera.
he - his - his
This camera is his. This is their car.
3rd Person she - her - hers
This is her computer. This car is theirs.
they - their - theirs
This computer is hers.

Mine, ours, yours, his, hers, and theirs are possessive pronouns.
Possessive pronoun = possessive adjective + noun (mine = my backpack)
Whose asks about possession. Whose book is this? It's my book. / It's mine.

Write the correct possessive pronoun.

1 Is this your computer? yours

Is this ..............................................?

2 These are his shirts. These are ........................................

3 That is her house. That is .............................................

4 Is that their school? Is that .............................................?

5 They are our backpacks. They are ..........................................

6 Is this my umbrella? Is this ..............................................?

Write the question with whose.

1 pencils / these Whose pencils are these?

...........................................................................

2 car / this ...........................................................................

3 dogs / they ...........................................................................

4 house / that ...........................................................................

5 boots / those ...........................................................................

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 3. Grammar Practice
A Write the correct possessive adjective or pronoun.

1 I have a puppy. mine

This puppy is ..........................................

2 She has a doll. This is .............................................. doll.

3 They have a ball. This ball is ...............................................

4 You have flowers. These flowers are ..................................

5 He has a cat. This is ............................................... cat.

6 I have homework. This is ................................. homework.

7 It has a long tail. This is ............................................... tail.

8 We have a house. This house is ...........................................

B Choose and write.

my
1 That is not ........................... my / mine hat. Mine
............................... My / Mine is green.

2 Please give this book to Amy. It is ................................ her / hers .

3 It is raining outside. Don't forget ................................ your / yours umbrella.

4 I like Ken and Sam's room. ................................ Their / Theirs room is big.

5 Look at that puppy. ................................ It's / Its eyes are so cute.

6 We like ................................ our / ours school a lot.

7 This is ................................ my / mine dictionary.

8 The students do ................................ their / theirs homework every day.

9 Thomas and ................................ his / her friends play basketball.

10 Whose cat is this? Is it ................................ your / yours ?

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 5 - Possessives 2

C Check and correct the mistake.

1 A: Are these yours tennis shoes? your

.......................................

B: No. Ask John. Maybe they are hers. .......................................

2 A: When is theirs final exam? .......................................

B: I don't know, but my is tomorrow. .......................................

D Choose and write.

she They father’s their his her

They have _________

Emperor penguins live in Antarctica. _________

babies in the winter. The mother penguin lays only one egg. She

gives _________ egg to the father penguin. Then _________ goes off

to sea for food. The father keeps the egg warm on _________ feet.

The egg must not touch the cold ground. The

mother comes back in two months. Then it is the

_________ turn to leave for food.

4. Grammar Summary
Possessive Pronouns and Adjectives
Subject Possessive Possessive Subject Possessive Possessive
Pronoun Adjective Pronoun Pronoun Adjective Pronoun
1st Person I my mine we our ours
nd you your yours you your yours
2 Person
he his his
rd she her hers they their theirs
3 Person
it its

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