Given subnet : 128.119.40.

128/26

we have 26 n/w bits and 6 host bits.

To assign any IP address then that IP must be present in this subnet.

128.119.40.10000000 Bold indicates host bits.

We can assign any address between 000001 to 111110.

That gives 128.119.40.129/26 to 128.119.40.190/26.

2)Now ISP owns 128.119.40.64/26

to get 4 subnets we need 2 bits.

we borrow 2 bits from host id part.remaining bits in host id are 4.

basic idea is we will get the form of a.b.c.d/28.

With 4 bits we get 2^4 = 16 hosts per subnet including n/w and broadcast addresses.

1st subnet: 128.119.40.64/28

2nd subnet: 128.119.40.80/28. (64 + 16)

3rd subnet:128.119.40.96/28 (80 + 16)

4th subnet: 128.119.40.112/28. (96+16).

Consider a subnet with prefix 128.119.40.128/26. Give an example of one IP address (of form

xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) that can be assigned to this network. Suppose an ISP owns the block of

addresses of the form 128.119.40.64/26. Suppose it wants to create four subnets from this

block, with each block having the same number of IP addresses. What are the prefixes (of form

a.b.c.d/x) for the four subnets?

Answer:

IP address range: 128.119.40.128 ‐ 128.119.40.191

Note: 128.119.40.128(last 8 bits: 10000000, reserved address), 128.119.40.191(last 8 bits:

10111111, reserved address, broadcast)

Four subnets:

128.119.40.64/28

128.119.40.80/28

128.119.40.96/28

128.119.40.112/28
 Consider a subnet with prefix 128.119.40.128/26. Give an
example of one IP address (of form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) that can be
assigned to this network. Suppose an ISP owns the block of
addresses of the form 128.119.40.64/26. Suppose it wants to
create four subnets from this block, with each block having the
same number of IP addresses. What are the prefixes (of form
a.b.c.d/x) for the four subnets?

• What is a subnet mask?

o Lets us split an IP between the host and network part
• What's the subnet in 128.119.40.128/26? 26
o 128.119.40.10|000000
o 128.119.40.10|000001
o ...
o 128.119.40.10|111111
• You can have a range from .128-.191 in that example
• Now for the question:
o 128.119.40.64/26
o 128.119.40.01|000000
o 128.119.40.01|00|0000 .64/28 <- four subnets
o 128.119.40.01|01|0000 .80/28
o 128.119.40.01|10|0000 .96/28

o 128.119.40.01|11|0000 .112/28
Introduction
what is subnet

A subnet, or subnetwork, is a segmented piece of a larger network. More

specifically, subnets are a logical partition of an IP network into multiple,
smaller network segments. The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method for
sending data from one computer to another over the internet.

what is prefixes

A prefix is an affix that, when added to the beginning of a word, changes

its meaning or value. For example, a byte is eight bits of data. However, a
megabyte is eight million bits of data because mega is a prefix meaning
"one million." With processors, the number of cores is denoted by
prefixes.

what is IP

IP address stands for “Internet Protocol address.” The Internet Protocol

is a set of rules for communication over the internet, such as sending
mail, streaming video, or connecting to a website

Problem
Consider a subnet with prefix 128.119.40.128/26. Give an example of one IP address (of form

xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx) that can be assigned to this network. Suppose an ISP owns the block of

addresses of the form 128.119.40.64/26. Suppose it wants to create four subnets from this

block, with each block having the same number of IP addresses. What are the prefixes (of form

a.b.c.d/x) for the four subnets?

solution
Given subnet : 128.119.40.128/26

we have 26 n/w bits and 6 host bits.

To assign any IP address then that IP must be present in this subnet.

128.119.40.10000000 Bold indicates host bits.

We can assign any address between 000001 to 111110.

That gives 128.119.40.129/26 to 128.119.40.190/26.

2)Now ISP owns 128.119.40.64/26

to get 4 subnets we need 2 bits.

we borrow 2 bits from host id part.remaining bits in host id are 4.

basic idea is we will get the form of a.b.c.d/28.

With 4 bits we get 2^4 = 16 hosts per subnet including n/w and broadcast addresses.

1st subnet: 128.119.40.64/28

2nd subnet: 128.119.40.80/28. (64 + 16)

3rd subnet:128.119.40.96/28 (80 + 16)

4th subnet: 128.119.40.112/28. (96+16).

Application
1. Reallocating IP Addresses:- A limited number of host allocations are available for each
class; for example, networks with more than 254 devices require a Class B allocation.
Suppose a network administrator works with a Class B or C network and needs to
allocate 150 hosts across three physical networks in three different cities. In that case,
they must either request more address blocks for each network or divide the network into
subnets that allow administrators to use one block of addresses across multiple physical
networks.
2. Improves Network Speed:- Subnetting divides the large network into small subnets, and
the purpose of these subnets is to divide a huge network into a collection of smaller,
interconnected networks to reduce traffic. Subnets eliminate the need for traffic to pass
through extraneous routs, resulting in faster network speeds.
 3. Improving Network Security:- Subnetting helps network administrators to reduce
network-wide threats by quarantining compromised areas of the network and making it
more complex for trespassers to travel throughout an organization's network.
4. Reliving Network Congestion:- If a large portion of an organization's traffic is intended
to be shared regularly across a group of computers, putting them all on the same subnet
can help reduce network traffic. Without a subnet, data packets from every other
computer on the network would be visible to all computers and servers.
5. Efficiency:- Subnetting is used to simplify network traffic by eliminating the need for
additional routers. This ensures that the data being sent can move as quickly as possible
to its destination, avoiding any potential detours that can slow it down.

Conclusion
• We use subnetting because it now becomes challenging to send a data packet to the
machine you want on that network.
• Subnetting is a method of dividing a single physical network into logical sub-
networks (subnets).
• Subnetting is aimed to achieve the following targets in the network.
o Reallocating IP Addresses
o Improving Network Security
o Reliving Network Congestion
o Improves Network Speed
o Efficiency
• A subnet, sometimes known as a subnetwork, is a part of a larger network and its purpose
is to divide a huge network into a collection of smaller, interconnected networks to
reduce traffic.
• The subnet mask aims to route the data packet from the internet to its desired subnet
network.