UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA

ASSIGNMENT

TOPIC : Process Of Academic Writing

PRESENTED BY :Asia bibi And Beenish Iqbal
PRESENTED TO :Miss uzma
SEMESTER : 3rd
SUBJECT : Academic Writing
ROLL NUMBER : 04,05
ACADEMIC WRITING
The academic writing process is like sketching a portrait.
You need preparation and planning for what you will draw. You sketch, and then erase and
change what you’ve drawn, and then show it to others. As you continue to work, you grow as a
sketch artist. The academic writing process is the same. You prewrite, write, revise, edit, and
create a final draft for others to read. Then you advance your academic writing knowledge and
skills.
Writers use the writing process for all writing projects—novels, short stories, blog posts, essays,
and research papers. I am using it now with this post. Yet, is the writing process for fiction,
nonfiction poetry, and blogging the same as the academic writing process? Almost.
The difference isn’t in the phases, but in the tasks, you need to add. Prewriting includes not
only brainstorming but also finding research and taking notes. There are differences in editing
too. So, today I’m giving you a step-by-step guide on how to go through the academic writing
process.
PROCESS OF ACADEMIC WRITING
There are 5 crucial steps you need to go through on the path writing a thoughtful, well-
researched piece of academic writing:

1. Data collecting
2. Prewriting
3. Drafting
4. Revising
5. Editing
6. Publishing

1 :Data collecting
Once you know your topic, it’s time to search for relevant sources and gather the
information you need. This process varies according to your field of study and the scope
of the assignment. From a writing perspective, the important thing is to take plenty of
notes while you do the research. Keep track of the titles, authors, publication dates, and
relevant quotations from your sources; the data you gathered; and your initial analysis
or interpretation of the questions you’re addressing.

Primary and secondary sources.

Primary source:
A primary data source is an original data source, that is, one in which the data are
collected firsthand by the researcher for a specific research purpose or project. Primary
data can be collected in a number of ways. However, the most common techniques are
self-administered surveys, interviews, field observation, and experiments. Primary data
collection is quite expensive and time consuming compared to secondary data
collection. Notwithstanding, primary data collection may be the only suitable method for
some types of research.

Secondry data:

Secondary data (also known as second-party data) refers to any dataset collected by any person
other than the one using it. Secondary data sources are extremely useful. They allow
researchers and data analysts to build large, high-quality databases that help solve business
problems. By expanding their datasets with secondary data, analysts can enhance the quality
and accuracy of their insights. Most secondary data comes from external organizations.
However, secondary data also refers to that collected within an organization and then
repurposed.

2 :Prewriting
In the pre-writing stage you plan and prepare your writing. This is also the stage
where you research your topic and look for relevant sources.

Early in the pre-writing stage you should give thought to the subject and purpose of
your assignment. If you are assigned a broad subject by your instructor you will need
to narrow it down and focus on a smaller subject area, preferably something that
interests you. In order to write effectively you also need to know the purpose of why
you are writing. Each type of writing has a unique set of guidelines and knowing your
purpose for writing will help you produce a text of high quality and relevance. In order
for you to know the purpose of your writing you will need to interpret the task.Different
steps involve during prewriting such as:

1 :BRAINSTORMING

Brainstorming is a technique which is used to get as many ideas as you can, as

quickly as you can. The words 'many' and quickly' are important. A common
mistake students make when brainstorming is to stop after writing down only a
few ideas. This is not 'brainstorming'. As the word 'storm' suggests, it is
something which should have much energy and power, leading to a flood of
ideas. Although brainstorming may take some time, it will save you time in the
long run.

2 :Semantic web
Semantic webbing is a method that students can use to organize information from a
reading passage or other source as part of the prewriting process. Another term for a semantic
web is agraphic organizer; the purpose is to give students a visual sense of the organization of
their ideasto help them outline those ideas in their writing.

3 :DRAFTING
Drafting is the next phase of the writing process. The first draft is the first time the
prewriting ideas, goals, and information are written in the paper's intended format,
including complete sentences and paragraphs. A first draft should follow the outline or
other organizational plan developed during prewriting and should include the major
components of the paper, such as introduction, body, and conclusion. It is important to
note that mechanics should not be the focus of the first draft, and the first draft does not
need to be good. Once ideas are on the page, they can be revised, rearranged, and
edited as necessary. Careful writers should not skip the drafting process. Many papers
go through several drafts before being completed. The goal of a first draft is to put
sentences and paragraphs on the page.