Journal of Entrepreneurship

Volume 2, Issue 1, 2022

And Business Venturing PP. (90-97)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Women’s Entrepreneurial involvement in SMEs in Pakistan - An integration
analysis.
*Sana Khizar
Affiliation: Superior university Lahore
Corresponding Author: sana23@hmail.com

Abstract

This paper links the strong relations of women’s involvement in Pakistan. A number of changing
relying strategies (Pearson’s integration analysis) are used to find relationships that affect women’s
participation in Pakistan. This data use was taken from the PSLM (Pakistan standard and Living
Measurements 2017-18), which examined the relationship between female workers’ involvement
in education, employment and migration. The results show that education and employment have a
significant and positive relationship with the involvement of women workers when education and
employment increase women’s participation also increases but migration has a negative and
negative relationship with the involvement of women workers when women migrate more than
female workers. Force participation to participate. This has a clear effect on the fact that if
women’s education is high and the government provides resources, then the number of women
participants will increase in Pakistan.

1. Introduction:

There have been many social, economic and cultural changes in developed and developing
countries, introducing new laws and opportunities for women in social and economic life. Female
research workers need information in various regions linked to the status of women in these areas.
The insightful majority of the topic requires the questioning of a different regional aspect to
identify factors that affect women’s participation in those areas.

In Pakistan women actually work from home. Their participation in work outside of these areas is
very limited. It is found that some form of work by Pakistani women that a high number was not
included in the study. However, the 2007 Pakistani study results suggest that this is not a major
issue for these approaches. Research evidence shows that a very small number of Pakistani women
working outside the home where they find employment opportunities are very high.

In Pakistan women’s participation is still low compared to other countries with similar incomes.
Without growing more than half over the past two decades. Women’s participation in Pakistan is
only 14.4% with respect to men sharing 70.3%. The contribution of women’s income to household
income is only 20% of men’s income, although their shareholding in the economy as a percentage
of men is 40% (MHDC 2000). Some developing countries such as the preservation of Pakistani

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families have tested a large proportion of married women. In conjunction with household chores,
a small proportion of women participating in an economic project with a large number of them are
defined in the informal sector. Educated women apply their education and enter the workforce.
Qualified and trained women that very small amount contribute to economic activity in their
profession. The marital status of a woman is related to the desire for work. Few women work
before marriage because of small housekeeping jobs. While the girls see for free after their studies
and temporarily join in economic work (Jasmine 2000). Educational opportunities, educational
opportunities, income levels, access to credit, exclusion are key factors in determining women’s
participation in Pakistan. Women who have received her education for at least 14 years and who
are highly qualified, skilled and qualified want to enter staff positions to lead her career or their
financial success is not the key to continuing a paid career (Sayeed et al 2002). Informal and
regulatory employment seems to vary with the importance of child-to-child demand and any staff
entry costs (Glick and Shan, 2004).

Nevertheless, women do not support paid employment because of migrates restrictions that
implement both cultural and social norms and security threat.

According to 40% of women reported unemployed after a male family member did not allow them
to work outside the home. Although 15% of women themselves do not want to work outside the
home due to housing responsibilities. Paid work also offers many other opportunities, especially
improving women's decision-making and power in the home. Purpose of the study: • The extent
to which women's participation is considered in the study and employment of the House. • In what

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ways are housing factors such as education, employment and migration affecting women's
participation. There is little critical analysis of women's participation in rural and urban areas.

This study finds a link between women's participation, education, employment and migration.
Theoretical framework and development of Hypothesis: This study describes the relationship
between women's participation in employment and employment, education and migration. These
factors determine the participation of women in Pakistan.

• H1: There is a positive relationship between education and women's participation in the
workforce.

• H2: There is a positive relationship between employment and women's participation in the
workforce.

• H3: There is a negative relationship between migration and women's participation of workers.

Book reviews: Over the years, many researchers have debunked the issue of female labor
involvement which has been a common topic of purpose between the Economist and many social
scientists. This study is designed to analyze the literature's concerns about staff recruitment and its
impact on women's participation. Berndt (1990) has argued that the level of female participation
in women increases with age and has tolerable development throughout the ages. Thirty years ago,
the expansion of the neoclassical workforce to block the home, reinforces an equally positive issue
with the disenfranchised workforce.

• Participation in education with women: Tomes (1985) also adhered to the elimination of
Nakamura and Nakamura (1981) while conducting their research on Canadian women. An
important effect that reduces women's participation is linked to the fact that women are essentially
leading to directing additional services to households once they are married. Bradbury and Katz
(2005) point to a recent declaration of women's participation in the workforce, respectively among
well-educated women with children. It begins with the unseen and unexpected effect that has been
raised on the decline in women's participation. Duleep and sunders (1994) reported as similar
results and examined the current employee participation of married women aged 25-44 in the
United States. Shah et al (1976) looks at a few social and economic and environmental factors that
govern the participation of women in Pakistan. They build a good relationship with the Martial
state and the level of literacy. Good relationship with Martial status, though different from previous
research. Rashid et al (1989) is close to a study in Pakistan where they aimed to explore factors
that affect female workers. The result is said to be in line with improved living standards and
education. Most women-centered research in developing countries (klasen, 2018).

At a lower level the feminization hypothesis states that with lower incomes, women's participation
decreases with growth, although sometimes, as countries become richer, the relationship goes
smoothly (Boserup 1970). Although Gaddis and klasen (2014) search only for the evidence that
carries this hypothesis to the top international board in the international arena, countries show

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many different countries in the grip of female workers. As there is no evidence, at a national level
that maintains gender equality in education reduces gender disparities in employee engagement
(Ganguli et al 2014). More than 101 countries have long-term research (Aaronson et al 2017).
Search for the highest fertility rates for the provision of female employees, but only in most rich
countries, at the lowest income level, whether the reproductive system is small or zero. In a study
of our own, Gasparini and Marchionni (2015) examined small data from 18 Latin American
countries to look at changes in women's participation. They establish that they improve education,
reduce the fertility of marriage and the transformation that is being built towards more women in
all occupations that have contributed significantly to the increasing participation of women
throughout this period. However, these factors cannot report a decrease in the growth of female
employee engagement that the researcher linked to strong economic growth. With the
advancement of all levels of economic growth there is likely to be a significant reduction in the
number of vulnerable women (at home, with little education for children and low income) to keep
low-income jobs (Gasparini and Marchionni 2015).

Contreras and Plaza (2010) which examines education are closely linked to women's participation.
Women's participation in employment and employment: Naqvi and shahnaz (2002) have controls
similar to the Pakistani study and also integrate home-based factors that facilitate women's
participation in economic enterprises. The findings of this paper recommend that women's
participation in the economy has a positive impact in part and on age, education, marital status.
Faridi et al (2011) using data from Bahawalpur (Pakistan region) established that women’s
independence is important with regard to age. Hafeez and Ahmed (2002) suggested that women's
participation in a cohesive, educational and low-income women may contribute in operational
projects. Uraz et al (2010) finds that rural women are more likely to participate in the workforce
than Urban women. Avazilipour et al (2012) finds women's participation in economic activities
and employment as a major contributor to any economy later in industrial transformation. The
participation of women to the extent of equal participation as breadwinners in the family until
proven to be living. Women are an important part of the economic process actually in the home
and markets, be it formal or informal, or urban or rural.

Kaaum et al (2007) examined that wealthy women that children and their husbands have rejected
their provision of labor in UK countries. Georgellis and wall, 2004; Did Trang, 2008, Le Anht
2000 and Blanch flower set out the most important and informative research on the topic of self-
employment. They testify that education, health, knowledge, family background, marital status are
made up of the most important things.

• Migration and inclusion of women workers: Researchers have explored that man and woman are
moving differently from the global economy. Women’s migration reverses two categories that
most commonly affect women, poverty and the workplace. The expert that only women
accountable for unpaid domestic work created a labor market and economic opportunity for
women, including immigrants. Both the social and economic factors and the individual
characteristics of girls and women, although they control immigrants (O'Neil et al (2016). in the
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countries they go to, or prevent them from getting pregnant or linking to private homes is certainly
a workplace (Franck and Spehar, 2010). to lead a study examining the participation of women in
Pakistan. 1. Method: We collect data from Pakistan standard and Living Measurements (PSLM)
2017-18 for the 20+ age group. We tested the hypothesis using Pearson's analysis of the
relationship between the four indicators. When the junction is determined by r. The participation
of female employees finds a relationship between education, employment and migration through
spss analysis analysis using spss software. Political Analysis: Hypothesis 1

Table 1

S.no M(SD) 2 3
2 Female Labor 2.58(1.25) 1 .978**
Force
3 Education 2.68(2.12) 1
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table 1 shows that there is a positive relationship between education and female participation of
employees (M = 2.58, SD = 1.25) and (p = .978 **), therefore, this hypothesis is acceptable.

We have used human analysis to link between education and women’s participation in Pakistan.
Integration analysis performed to test the entire Hypothesis. Hypothesis 1 found a positive
relationship between education and participation for women in Pakistan. As shown in table 1 where
r = .978 ** indicates the significant interaction at the level of 0.01. Pearson’s integration analysis
found that the level of higher education favors the participation of women in Pakistan. We
therefore accept another hypothesis and reject the non-existent hypothesis.

Hypothesis 2
Table 2

S.no M(SD) 2 3
2 Female labor Force 2.58(1.25) 1 .889**
3 Employment 2.78(2.13) 1
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table 2 shows that there are significant relationships found between female employees and work
and therefore this view is accepted. (M = 2.78, SD = 2.13) and (p = .889 **).

We used a human analysis between the employment and participation of women in Pakistan.
Integrated analysis performed to evaluate the entire Hypothesis. Hypothesis 2 found a positive
relationship between the employment and participation of women in Pakistan. As shown in table
2 where r = .889 ** refers to the significant interaction at the level of 0.01. Pearson’s merger

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Khizar Women’s Entrepreneurial involvement……

analysis found that a high level of employment is often a factor in women’s participation in
Pakistan. We therefore accepted another hypothesis and rejected the null hypothesis.

Hypothesis 3
Table 3

S.no M(SD) 2 3
2 Female labor Force 2.58(1.25) 1 -.892**
3 Migration 2.89(2.15) 1
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.001level (2-tail).

Table 3 shows that the third hypothesis is acceptable because there is a significant relationship
found between female and migrant workers.

We used a human analysis between migration and women’s participation in Pakistan. Combination
analysis was used to evaluate the entire Hypothesis. Hypothesis 3 highlights the negative
relationship between migration and female participation of workers in Pakistan. As shown in table
3 where r =. -.892 ** Means the significant correlation at the level of 0.01. Pearson’s integration
analysis shows that when migration increases the role of women in Pakistan decreases. -.892 **
show the negative relationship between migration and women’s participation in Pakistan. We
therefore accepted another hypothesis and rejected the null hypothesis.

1. Conclusion and policy implication:

This paper has identified and analyzed key factors that examined the participation of women in
Pakistan in specific indicators. For this reason, data for women (20+ years old), from the PSLM
trial (2017-18), were evaluated using a combination analysis. Research findings suggest that for
women, higher academic achievement tends to play a higher role for employees. The results
investigate the likelihood that a woman with the right to education and celibacy will become part
of the female workforce. In the name of artistic results, it has been suggested that if a woman
belongs to a strong family, approaches a car, and has children, she may be part of the workforce.

On the other hand, if the size of the family is large and the size of the brain, children in the same
family the lower participation of women increases, and with a higher number of children the level
of employee involvement decreases. However, active home access reduces the level of women
participating in the workforce. In terms of results, there are recommendations and a specific goal
for social analysis. Examining the findings of the labor market information on the level of
education, it was unfortunate to see that only 36% had completed their education and 64% of our
female employees were educated. They never went to school. These uncertainties and the need for
an hour to explore the factors why women’s education is low. Education plays a vital role in the
development of communities, and only educated women can acknowledge their rights. However,
education allows a woman to make decisions about employee participation. Increasing women's

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participation in the employment policy of women should be carefully planned. Government should
improve the number of high-level skills courses available to women to promote workplace
strategies. Improving gender equality such as combating child abuse and child support and
promoting women's entrepreneurship..i

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