Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Funda 2
Funda 2
Funda 2
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1. Information
3. Instrumentation
Identifying Criminals
1. Confession
3. Circumstantial Evidence
1. Form
3. Intent
Importance of Interview
Requisites of Interview
1. Established Rapport
3. Breadth of Interests
Personalities of Interviewees
1. Know-Nothing Type
4. Suspicious Type
6. Honest Witness
7. Deceitful Witness
8. Timid Witness
Definition of Interrogation
It is skillful questioning of persons who are
uncooperative in the conduct of investigation or
those who reluctant to divulge information in his
possession which are pertinent in the conduct of
investigation.
Fundamental Rules
Terms in Interrogation
1. Witness
2. Suspect
Purpose of Interrogation
Techniques of Interrogation
1. Emotional Appeals
3. Anxiety
The suspect is in state of emotional confusion.
He is unable to think logically and clearly, since
his sense of values has been disturbed and his
imagination is distort6ing perspective. It is
possible for the investigator to obtain admission
or even a confession from the suspect by further
misrepresenting the picture.
4. Stern Approach
1. Sweating
2. Color Changes
4. Pulse
Perseverance in Interrogation
1. Contrast
3. Analytical Instrument
Definition of Admission
Definition of Confession
A confession is a direct acknowledgement of the
truth of the guilty fact as charged or of some
essential part of the commission of the criminal
act himself. To be admissible, a confession must be
voluntary and trustworthy. In addition, it has also
been stated that if the confession is to be used in
prosecution it must have been obtained by civilized
police practice. The giving of the fourfold warning
of rights is necessary, but not a sufficient
condition for the voluntariness and trustworthiness
of a subsequent confession.
Definition of Deposition
Source of Statement
3. Key witnesses;
4. Any witness who goes an indication of a
tendency to change his or her mind; and
1) Fourfold Warning
3) Proof of Voluntariness
4) Record of Conduct
Preliminary Considerations
1. Strip Method
1. Physical Reconstruction
2. Description of Victims
Use of Photography
1. Overall Photographs
Several photographs should be taken, employing a
general view. The camera should be carried
clockwise until at least four general view
photographs have been taken.
2. Photographs of the Deceased
7. Photographic Data
Elements of Sketching
1. Measurements
6. Title
3. Triangulation Method
Cross-Projection Sketch
2. Associative Evidence
1. Alterations of Evidence
1) Natural Causes
The initial failure to safeguard physical
evidence from exposure to the elements may result
in a determination of the evidentiary value of an
object. During the period of custody, damage from
rain or deterioration from high temperatures may
affect certain types of evidence unless special
precautions are taken. For example, a vehicle which
may bear latent fingerprints should be protected
from rain. A blood sample which is not maintained
under refrigeration may lose some of its grouping
properties on standing in hot weather.
3. Receiving Evidence
4. Transporting Evidence
1. Time Element
3. Integrity of Sample
4. Types of Evidence
Criminal Offenders
1. Motive
2. Modus Operandi
5. Confession
Victims of Crimes
A victim is at the same time a witness and—like
any other witness—is able to provide information.
By virtue of being a victim, an additional
contribution cam be made, sometimes by suggesting
the name of a suspect and sometimes by speculating
about why he or she was the target. Underlying this
input is motive. Even though a victim is not
always aware of those who were motivated to commit
the crime, such suggestions and speculations may
give direction to the investigator’s efforts. If
blood or hair is found at the crime scene or on the
victim’s clothing, its potential as associative
evidence should be exploited.
Witnesses of Crimes
1. Visual Observation
3. Describing Instrumentalities
Follow-Up Activities
1. Surveillance
3. Neighborhood Canvass
Rogues Gallery
All law enforcement agencies require the
photographing and fingerprinting of anyone arrested
for an offense or some of the more serious
misdemeanors. Mug shots—a full face and profile
photograph—are commonly made; a group photograph as
well, when more than one individual is apprehended
for the same crime. A personal description is
recorded: age, height, weight, place of birth,
scars and tattoos, and fingerprints. In addition,
nickname and aliases, as well as any peculiarities
in modus operandi are noted. This information
correlated with the mug shots provides the basis
for an offender’s “Rogues Gallery” file.
1. Cartographic Sketch
2. Composite Images