AJMAN UNIVERSITY DR.

KHALID GHUZLAN
COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE, ART & DESIGN ENG. ABDULWAHAB
ALOSAJ STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS 4-Oct-2022

1. Explain the process of cement manufacturing?

The complicated process of making cement starts with the mining of raw
materials like limestone and clay, which are then ground into a fine powder
known as a raw meal and fired in a cement kiln to a sintering temperature as
high as 1450 °C. The source components' chemical bonds are weakened during
this process, after which they are recombined to form new molecules. Clinker,
which are rounded nodules between 1mm and 25mm in diameter, is the end
product. To make cement, the clinker is processed in a cement mill into a fine
powder and combined with gypsum. The concrete used in buildings is created
by combining powdered cement, water, and aggregates.

2. List the five types of cement and mention examples of uses for
each type.
 Type I — The common, all-purpose cement used for general
construction work.
 Type II — A modified cement that has a lower heat of hydration than
does Type I cement and that can withstand some exposure to sulfate
attack.
 Type III — A high-early-strength cement that will produce in the first 24
hours a concrete with a strength about twice that of Type I cement. This
cement does have a much higher heat of hydration.
  Type IV — A low-heat cement that produces a concrete which generates
heat very slowly. It is used for very large concrete structures.
 Type V — A cement used for concretes that are to be exposed to high
concentrations of sulfate.

3. List types of admixtures and their general uses.

 Air-entraining admixtures, are generally utilized to improve concrete
resistance to freezing and thawing as well as its ability to withstand
the degrading effects of deicing salts.
 The addition of accelerating admixtures, Such improvements lead to
shorter curing and protection times for the concrete as well as early
form removal, which is especially helpful in cold areas.
 Retarding admixtures, used to slow the setting of the concrete
 Superplasticizers, used to produce workable concretes with
considerably higher strengths while using the same amount of
cement.
 Waterproofing materials, retard the penetration of water into porous
concretes

Name: Abdulrahman M. S. Al Bahnasawi

ID: 201910137