Policies on

Agrarian Reform

Niña Joanne Pagaran

Agrarian Reform
rectification of the whole system of
agriculture.
centered on the relationship between
production and distribution of land among
farmers.
Landownership
in the
Philippines
under Spain
 Landownership in the Philippines under Spain

Pueblo agriculture
- Rural communities were
given land to cultivate.

- Filipinos were assigned to

these lands to cultivate and
were not allowed to own-
owned by King of Spain
 Landownership in the Philippines under Spain

Through the Law of Indies

tracts of land were awarded to:

(1) Religious orders

(2) Repartamientos for
Spanish military
(3) Spanish encomenderos
 Landownership in the Philippines under Spain

Encomienda System
- Natives were not landowners
- Land assigned is a property of
the Spanish King where they
pay their colonial tributes to
the Spanish authorities in the
form of agriculture products
produced
 Landownership in the Philippines under Spain

Encomienda System

- Encomienderos collected
tributes that became land
rentals from the natives living
in the area.
 Landownership in the Philippines under Spain

Hacienda System
- Beginning of 19th century, as
colony of Spain implemented
policies for capitalism
- Economy – exporter of raw
materials and importer of
finished goods
 Landownership in the Philippines under Spain

Hacienda System
- Agricultural exports were
mandated
- Developed as new form of
ownership
- Natives were forced to
become tillers
 Landownership in the Philippines under Spain

Compras y Vandalas System

- Tillers were made to
compulsory sell at a very low
price or surrender their
agricultural harvests to
Spanish authorities
- Encomienderos resell it for
profit.
 Landownership in the Philippines under Spain

Limitations of Land Ownership

- In 1860’s, Spanish crown made
a law ordering landholders to
register their landholdings.
- Only those who knew
benefitted
 Landownership in the Philippines under Spain

Limitations of Land Ownership

- Ancestral lands were claimed
and registered in other
people’s names (Spanish
official, inquilinos or tenant
and caciques or local
chieftains)
Landownership
in the
Philippines
under the
Americans
 Philippine Bill of 1902 Landownership in the Philippines under the Americans

• Provided regulations on the

disposal of public lands.
• Private individual may own 16
hectares of land while corporate
landholders may have 1,024
hectares.
• Americans were also given rights
to own agricultural lands
 Land Registration Act of 1902
(Act No. 496) Landownership in the Philippines under the Americans

• Provided for a comprehensive

registration of land titles under
the Torrens system- address the
absence of earlier records of
issued land titles and conduct
accurate land surveys
 Homestead Program Landownership in the Philippines under the Americans

• 1903, allowing a tenant to

enter into an agricultural
business by acquiring a farm
of at least 16 hectares
• Limited to Northern Luzon
and Mindanao
 Landownership in the Philippines under the Americans

Did the land ownership

improve during the
American Period?
 Landownership in the Philippines under the Americans

• No limit to the size of landholdings – limited

to those who could afford to buy, register
and acquire fixed property titles.
• Not all friar lands acquired were given to
landless peasant farmers
• Some lands were sold or leased to American
and Filipino business interest
• Enabled more lands placed under tenancy
Sakdal (or Sakdalista) Landownership in the Philippines under the Americans

Uprising
• A peasant rebellion in Central
Luzon
• Lasted for 2 days , May 2-3
1935
• Tells the social inequality
brought about by issues in land
ownership and tenancy in the
country.
 Sakdal Landownership in the Philippines under the Americans

• Means “to accuse”

• A title of a newspaper helmed by
Benigno Ramos, who rallied and
support from Manila and nearby
provinces through publication.
• Establishment of Partido
Sakdalista in 1933.
 Partido Sakdalista Landownership in the Philippines under the Americans

• Demanded reforms from the

government such as
• Abolition of taxes

• Equal or common

ownership of land among

others
Commonwealth government
President Manuel L. Quezon
-laid social justice program focused on the
purchase of haciendas which were divided
and sold to tenants.
NARIC- National Rice and Corn
Corporation
Post-War
Interventions
toward Agrarian
Reform
Philipppine Republic
 Post-War Interventions toward Agrarian Reform

President Manuel A. Roxas

• Republic Act No. 34

Established the 70-30 sharing arrangements
between tenants and landlord.
• Reduced the interest of landowners’ loans to
tenants at 6 percent or less.
 Post-War Interventions toward Agrarian Reform

President Elpidio Quirino

• Land Settlement Development
Corporation (LASEDECO)
• Established to accelerate and expand the
resettlement program of peasants.
• Became National Resettlement and Rehabilitation
administration (NARRA) under President Ramon
Magsaysay
 Post-War Interventions toward Agrarian Reform

President Ramon Magsaysay

• Republic Act No. 1199
(Agricultural Tenancy Act)
- Protecting the tenurial rights of
tenant and enforced tenancy
practices.
 Post-War Interventions toward Agrarian Reform

President Diosdado Macapagal

• Republic Act No. 3844
(Agricultural Land Reform Code)
- Abolished share tenancy in the
Philippines.
Agrarian Reform
Efforts under
Marcos
President Ferdinand Marcos

Presidential Decree No. 27

- Code of Agrarian Reform of the Philippines
- Restricted land reform scope to tenanted rice
and corn lands and set the retention limit at 7
hectares.
Post-1986
Agrarian Reform
President Corazon Aquino

- Presidential Proclamation 131

- Executive Order 229
- Republic Act No. 6657 /CARL
(Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Law)
 President Corazon Aquino
Republic Act No. 6657 /CARL
(Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law)
- Introduced the program with the
same name CARP/ Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Program
 President Corazon Aquino
Republic Act No. 6657 /CARL
(Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law)
-Enabled the redistribution of
agricultural lands to tenant-farmers
from landowners.
- Sixth land reform law
 President Corazon Aquino
Republic Act No. 6657 /CARL
(Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law)
- Sixth land reform law in more than
50 years following land reform laws
since 1933
 President Fidel Ramos
Republic Act No. 8532 in 1998
- Amend CARL and extend the
program to another 10 years.
CARPER and the
Future of
Agrarian Reform
in the
Philippines
 CARPER and the Future of Agrarian Reform In the PHilipines

President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

Republic Act No. 9700

(Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
Extension with Reforms or CARPER)
-amendatory law that extended the
deadline of distributing agricultural lands
to five more years
 CARPER and the Future of Agrarian Reform In the PHilipines

President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

Republic Act No. 9700

(Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
Extension with Reforms or CARPER)
- DAR and DENR combined effort are
mandated to fulfill CARP and CARPER
 CARPER and the Future of Agrarian Reform In the PHilipines

President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo

Republic Act No. 9700

(Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
Extension with Reforms or CARPER)
-from 2009-2014, total of 1 million hectare of
land distributed to 900,000 farmer
-after 27 years, 500,000 hectares undistributed
Assignment:

In a short bond paper, choose 1 article

that talks about issues on agrarian
reform.
Write a paragraph and your reflection
and why did you choose this.