class 8 th science

Chapter 12
FRICTION

INSTRUCTIONS:

(I) Write all the given questions and answers in your science copy.

Q.1 Fill in the blanks.

(a) Friction opposes the motion between the surfaces in contact with
each other.
(b) Friction depends on the nature of surfaces.
(c) Friction produces heat.
(d) Sprinkling of powder on the carrom board reduces friction.
(e) Sliding friction is smaller than the static friction.

Q.2 Four children were asked to arrange forces due to

rolling,static and sliding frictions in a decreasing order.Their
arrangements are given below.

(a) Rolling,static,sliding
(b) Rolling ,sliding,static
(c) Static,sliding,rolling
(d) Sliding,static,rolling
ANS.Static,sliding.rolling
Q.3 Alida runs her toy car on dry marble floor,newspaper and
towel spread on the floor.The force of friction acting on the
car on different surfaces in increasing order will be-

(a) Wet marble floor,dry marble floor,newspaper and towel.

(b) Newspaper,towel,dry marble floor,wet marble floor.
(c) Towel,newspaper,dry marble floor,wet marble floor.
(d) Wet marble floor,dry marble floor,towel,newspaper.
ANS. Wet marble floor, dry marble floor, towel, newspaper.

Q.4 Suppose your writing desk is tilted a little .A book kept on

it starts sliding down.Show the direction of frictional force
acting on it.
ANS.The frictional force will act in the opposite direction of sliding book.

Q.5 You spill a bucket of soapy water on a marble floor

accidently.Would it make easier or more difficult for you to
walk on the floor?why?
ANS.It would make more difficult to walk because soapy water makes
marble floor smoother and friction will be decreased.

Q.6.Explain why sportsman use shoes with spikes?

ANS.Sportsman use shoes with spikes to increase friction,have a better
grip on the ground and prevent slipping.
Q.7 Iqbal has to push a lighter box and Seema has to push a
similar heavier box on the same floor.Who will have to apply a
larger force and why?
ANS.Seema will have to apply a larger force because force of friction
depends on the weight of the object which moves.

Q.8 Explain why sliding friction is less than static friction?

ANS.When any object starts sliding,the contact points on its surface do
not get enough time to lock into the contact points on the floor.So,the
sliding friction is less than static friction.

Q.9 Give examples to show that friction is both a friend and

foe.

ANS.Friction as a friend-

 We are able to write because there is a friction between the tip of a

pen or a pencil and paper.
 A moving object would never stop if there were no friction.
Friction as a Foe
 Lighting a matchstick produces fire by friction and produces heat.
 The jar of a mixer becomes hot when it is run and produces heat.
Heat generated causes much wastage of energy.That is why friction
is called a necessary evil.

Q.10 Explain why objects moving in fluids must have special

shapes?
ANS.When objects move through fluids they have to overcome the
friction acting on them.In this process they lose energy.Therefore the
objects moving in fluids must have special shapes to minimise friction.
ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

(1) Describe various types of friction?

ANS.There are three kinds of friction-

(I) Static friction-When the applied force is increased,the force of

friction also increases at the same rate and the body remains
stationary.This force of friction is called static friction (fs).
(II) Sliding or kinetic friction-The force of friction between two
surfaces in contact when one of them just slides over the other is
called sliding or kinetic friction (fk).
(III) Rolling friction-The force of friction existing between the two
surfaces in contact when one of them rolls over the other is called
rolling friction(fr).

(2) Write the ways to increase and decrease friction.

ANS.Ways to increase friction-

 Soles of shoes and tyres of automobiles are made corrugated and

rough to increase friction.
 The brake pads in automobiles are made rough to increase friction.
 Wrestlers and kabaddi players rub their hands with soil to increase
friction.

Ways to decrease friction-

 By polishing the surfaces.
 By applying oil or grease on the surface.
 By sprinkling a soft,slippery fine powder on the surface.
 By using wheels,ball bearings or roller bearings.
 By streamlining the body of an object.
(3) Why are spaceships provided a heat shield?
ANS.Spaceships are provided a heat shield to prevent it from burning due
to the production of heat which can be caused by friction.

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