Transformation

Transformation =
-

Isometric Non Isometric

(
-

① Reflection ① Enlargement .

② Rotation
③ Translation

1. Reflection
To flip an object over a line of reflection.

Mirror line /line of reflection

1. N -

axes

÷;;
3-

2- •
A- (3/2)
1-

-
- i

-
2- •
A { 3
, -21
→ -
2. y -
axes

_i_;És
• 3-

A
1

t
A • 2- •

-
i -

z -
• B

→ -

-
4 =

3
y n
-

,
"

÷:;::?,
3-

2-

-
- ,

-
2-

→ -

4
y
= - n
,

÷::::?i:
3-

2-

-
- ,

/ -2 -

•
A
 5. other line
Any

÷:;:::;
A. 1 3-

A • 2- ••
A

-
- i

-
2-

→ -

pi

÷÷.:i
b.
2-

-
2-

→ -

2 ,
Rotation
Process of turning

1
,
Center of rotation
2 Angle of rotation
3, Direction of rotation (clockwise or anticlockwise
•
> orientation must be preserved
c

clockwise
9
B A
←
 How to rotate
( shortcut method)

3 basic conditions (center )

o.o

I 90° clockwise
,

(a)
b
→
(b)
-

2. 90° anticlockwise

(5) f :)→

3 ,
180° clockwise /anticlockwise

(g) →
⑦
Example
AABC is rotated in 90° clockwise direction
with 6,0 ) as center of rotation .
And the
image of it .

the
6-
Just
apply
trick
5-

y -

3-

2-
O
l -

-FL ,É
-2 -

•
→
-

y
-
-

I
-
5- • •

(3 ,
1) →
C ,
-3
)
⇐ ,
1) → C ,
-
5)

⑤ 3) ,
→
Cs ,
-

5)
 when center is not @ ,o)

subtract the center

,

2. shortcut trick
Apply
3 , Add the center

Example
AABC is rotated in 90° clockwise direction
with Cio ) as center of rotation .
End the
image of it '

6-
a →
(3,1-4)=4) ( k)
(2) (d) (3)
5 -
'

y -
+ -

-
→ A
3- .

2-
O
l -
• •
B

±:-is -
l -

'

A
•
-2 -

→
-

I
-
y
-

? •

B
-
5-
 How to rotate
(Geometrical method)(It )
very important
is
Example
AABC is rotated in 90° clockwise direction
with Cio ) as center of rotation .
End the
image of it .

÷:;:É
3-

2- •

-
- ,

-
2-

→ -
The
triangle A mapped
is onto B.
describe this transformation "

of Anda
bisect '

1st step
papaya
,
y -

pupudiwtrb.is#pupadiwL
(Draw two
g-
is
A
,
→
of
B v2
B
'

bisectors)

g.gg#ggggy
' '

A B
l
j g.
-

i
-

-2
-

-3 -

,÷,÷
y
the
-

?
measure
angle
between
'
3- AIA
A and cheek the dirutin
2- Of rotation
B.
'

A
a .

-
I
-

Rotation with cento 6.)

90° clockwise direction .
 For
• 98 1800,270°
,
→ use shortcut tricks

(with Grid)
•
>
Any angle except 90° ,
1800,270
and a
question without a
grid
use
geometrical method .

Note

270° clockwise = 90° anticlockwise

270° anticlockwise =
90° clockwise
 3. Translation
To move a certain distance. (6,21-42,7)
0 + T = I to ¥
0+-1 I
0
-
-

=
Object 1- = I -0
I =

Image
T = Translation

Example
B. ABC is translated to NDEF with -4,1 ) .

0--4 )

÷;;:÷÷É
3- 2

(1)
③
I
•
-
-

0+-1=1

÷ (3) +1=-4 )
.

-1--41-41
①
(31+4)=4 )
② ⑦ +4,1=4 ) T.fi )
③ (E) +41=4 )
Describe this transformation
4-

3-

: : :
④ -3 -2 -
l

-
l -

C -2

-36
-

Translation
)
 I , Enlargement
1 of
,
Center
enlargement
2 ,
Scale factor ( K)

If Center is 6,0)

@ b) )
✗ K
,
Ka ,
Kb

If center is not co, ) o

1. Subtract the cento

2. Apply the trick

3. Add back the center

 Example
DABL to D. DEF cento
is
enlarged with

(0,0 ) with scale factor 2 .

y •
-

3-

2-

I -

sis
-1 -

-2
-

(d) 2=4 )
✗

✗ 2
(E)
✗2=
?⃝
?⃝
?⃝
 Example
DABL to D. DEF cento
is
enlarged with

(2,0 ) with sale factor 2

⑨

y
-

3-

2-
A' • •

O
A

-1 -

-2
-

Af :) -41=1,4×2
(E) (:) +
a
'
⑥ Enlarge this triangle ,
C is the
center of enlargement and K = 2

② Enlarge this triangle ,

C is the
center of enlargement and K = -2

↳
 Scale Factor ( K)

K =

Image length
Object length

H Distance from center of

=
Image
Distance from center of Object

Note .

when K is +ve
shape will be
in the same direction

when K is -
ve shape will be
in
opposite direction

-3 -2 - I
10 I 2 3

enlargement enlargement
shrinkage
Find center of
enlargement and

scale factor / K)
•

5-

4-
I

F-
; : :
;
;
;

i. Center of rotation __
& ),
o

ii
,
Scale factor LH) =
Inge length
Object length
=
21=2

Note .

when K is -
ve shape will be
in
opposite direction
Describe this transform -
Lion

a •

• •

•
•

Describe this transform -

Lion

* of

A •
 Matrices
Reflection
1, 4,
' '

N aus
Yz
-

A B
-
U

(1,01-54,0)
(9-1)%-1 )
0
① ) °
→ @ ,
-

1)
@ 1) →
@ ,)
'

B @ ,),
-

, ,
-

C. 1) → €101
'
'
B
A
Acho ) A- Cio )
(I ,
I )
Rot - Hun
90° clock is -
2.
-
, ,

ans
'
a ,

y
'
-
A B
① ) ④ -17

-7-(1,01/-1,0) )
o →

Cio)
,

0
B@iD-Coii1-sC.o) o

@ ' 1) →
@ 1) ,
B @ ,),
-

A (1,0 )

A- (1,0 )

@ anticlockwise
°

3, Y=N a. a

Clio )→ @
1111,0 ;) Be
'
B
a-
€0)→ @ 1)
B @ ID -
@ it Cio ) >
, )
,
-

(011) → f- 1,0)
(0-1)I 0

AC ,o )
AC ,o )
 180

⇐
⇐ :)
(1,0 )

Enlargement
④ D-
4. )
@ 1)
,
o Ckio)
@ in ) ;)
(1,0 )
Secrets
by Murad Sesodia

Reflection
R -
are > ( mirror line) Ca b)
,
→ ( a
,
-
b)
are> ( mirror line) La b) → ( a. b)
y
-

y=R( mirror line) ( a. b) → ( b. a)

y=
-
n ( mirror line) ( b)
a.
→ fb ,
-
a)

Rotation
90° clockwise 6. b) (b ,
- a)
90° anticlockwise ( a. b) f- b. a)
180° clockwise / anticlockwise (a. b) →
fails)

Enlargement
(Ka K !)
K
& b)
✗
>
, ,
mirror
line
 PAGE 12

6 (a) The diagram shows triangles A, B and C.

y
6

2
A
1

–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
–1

–2

–3
C
B
–4

–5

–6

(i) Describe fully the single transformation that maps

(a) triangle A onto triangle B,

Answer ......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) triangle A onto triangle C.

Answer ......................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................. [2]

4024/21/M/J/11
 PAGE 13

(ii) One vertex of triangle A is (2, 1).

Find the coordinates of this point when it is

(a) reflected in the line y = –x,

Answer (........... , ...........) [1]

(b) rotated through 90° anticlockwise about (1, –1).

Answer (........... , ...........) [1]

(b) You may use the grid below to help you answer this question.

The points (2, 1), (4, 3), (3, 1) and (p, q) form a quadrilateral.
This quadrilateral has rotational symmetry order 1 and one line of symmetry.

(i) One possible position of (p, q) is (2, 2).

Write down the name of this special quadrilateral.

Answer ........................................ [1]

(ii) Given that p and q are integers, find two other possible positions of (p, q).

Answer (........... , ...........)

(........... , ...........) [2]

y
5

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 x

4024/21/M/J/11 [Turn over

 PAGE 45

(b) The diagram shows triangles A, B and C.

y
9
8
7
6
5
4
A
3
2 C
1

–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
–1
B
–2
–3

(i) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle B.

Answer ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle C.

Answer ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Another transformation is represented by the matrix P, where P = 0

This transformation maps triangle A onto triangle D. 1 ( –1 .
0 )
Find the vertices of triangle D.

Answer (............ , ............) (............ , ............) (............ , ............) [2]

(iv) Describe fully the single transformation represented by the matrix P.

Answer ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

4024/22/M/J/11 [Turn over

 PAGE 79

11 (a) Some transformations of the plane are given in the following table.

Mx Reflection in the x-axis

My Reflection in the y-axis
Md Reflection in the line y = –x
R90 Rotation of 90°, anti-clockwise, centre the origin
R180 Rotation of 180°, centre the origin
R270 Rotation of 270°, anti-clockwise, centre the origin.

You may use the grid on the next page to help answer the following questions.

(i) The point A has coordinates (2, 3).

(a) Find the coordinates of My(A).

Answer (........... , ...........) [1]

(b) Find the coordinates of Md My(A).

Answer (........... , ...........) [1]

(c) The inverse of R90 maps B onto A.

Find the coordinates of B.

Answer (........... , ...........) [2]

(ii) (a) Write down the matrix which represents Mx.

Answer ( ) [1]

(b) Which single transformation given in the table is equivalent to R180Mx?

Answer ........................................ [1]

4024/21/O/N/11
 PAGE 80

Turn over for the rest of this question.

4024/21/O/N/11 [Turn over

 PAGE 81

(b) The points P and Q have coordinates (4, 0) and (9, 0) respectively.
The points P´ and Q´ have coordinates (4, 4) and (7, 8) respectively.

(i) Write down the length of PQ.

Answer PQ = ..................... units [1]

(ii) Calculate the length of P´Q´.

Answer P´Q´ = .................... units [2]

(iii) PQ is mapped onto P´Q´ by a single rotation.

By using the grid below,

(a) find, by drawing, the coordinates of the centre of this rotation,

Answer (........... , ...........) [2]

(b) measure the clockwise angle of rotation.

Answer ........................................ [1]

y
8 _

–2 0 2 4 6 8 10 x

–2

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

4024/21/O/N/11
 PAGE 96

27
y
4

3
A C
2

1
B

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x

The diagram shows triangles A, B and C.

(a) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle B by an anticlockwise rotation.

(i) Write down the angle of rotation.

Answer ........................................ [1]

(ii) Find the coordinates of the centre of rotation.

Answer (.......... , ..........) [1]

(b) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle C by a stretch.

(i) Write down the scale factor.

Answer ........................................ [1]

(ii) Write down the equation of the invariant line.

Answer ........................................ [1]

Question 28 is printed on the following page.

4024/12/O/N/11 [Turn over

 PAGE 97

x
5 (a)
!3
1
–1
–0
0
1 "! " !"
11 = 4 .
y 9
Find x and y.

Answer x = ................................ [2]

y = ................................ [2]

(b) (i) The transformation A is represented by the matrix

!a
c
b
d".

Find, in terms of a, b, c and d as appropriate,

(a) the image of (1, 0) under the transformation A,

Answer (........... , ...........) [1]

(b) the image of (0, 1) under the transformation A.

Answer (........... , ...........) [1]

4024/22/O/N/11
 PAGE 98

(ii) The transformation B maps (1, 0) onto (1, 3) and (0, 1) onto (–3, –2).

Write down the matrix that represents transformation B.

Answer
! " [1]

(iii) Describe fully the transformation given by the matrix

!10 –10" .

Answer ...............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [2]

4024/22/O/N/11 [Turn over

 PAGE 127

6
y
6

–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
R
–1

–2

–3

–4

–5

–6

Triangle R has vertices (–2, –1), (2, 1) and (4, –1).

(a) The gradients of the sides of triangle R are 0, –1 and k.

Find k.

Answer ......................................... [1]

(b) One of the inequalities that defines the shaded region is x + y ! 3.

Write down the other two inequalities that define this region.

Answer ..............................................

......................................... [2]
4024/21/M/J/12
 PAGE 128

(c) Triangle R is mapped onto triangle P by a reflection in the line y = –2.

Draw and label triangle P. [2]

(d) Triangle R is mapped onto triangle Q by a stretch where the invariant line is the y-axis.
This transformation maps the vertex (2, 1) onto (4, 1).

(i) For this stretch, state the scale factor.

Answer ......................................... [1]

(ii) Find the coordinates of the vertex (4, –1) when it is transformed by this stretch.

Answer (........... , ...........) [1]

(iii) Find the area of triangle Q.

Answer .............................. units2 [2]

4024/21/M/J/12 [Turn over

 PAGE 136

13 The diagram shows two triangles, A and B.

y
7

2
A
1

–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
–1

–2
B
–3

–4

–5

–6

–7

(a) Write down the vector that represents the translation that maps triangle A onto triangle B.

Answer [1]

(b) Triangle C is an enlargement of triangle A with centre (5, 3) and scale factor 3.

Draw and label triangle C. [2]

4024/12/M/J/12 [Turn over

 PAGE 160

(c)
y
4

2
E
1

–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1

–2

–3

–4

(i) Triangle E is mapped onto triangle F by a reflection in the line y = – x.

Draw and label triangle F. [2]

(ii) The transformation that maps triangle E onto triangle G is represented by the
matrix
2
0 ! 0
1
. "
Draw and label triangle G. [2]

(iii) Triangle E is mapped onto triangle H by a stretch with the x-axis as the invariant line.
The area of triangle H is 12 units2.

(a) For this stretch, state the scale factor.

Answer ........................................ [1]

(b) The vertex (1, 1) of triangle E is mapped onto the vertex (m , n) of triangle H .

Find m and n.

Answer m = .......................................

n = ................................. [1]

4024/22/M/J/12 [Turn over

 PAGE 195

(b)
y
8

7
L
6

3
A
2

5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
1

The grid shows triangle A and line L.

(i) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle B by a reflection in line L.

Draw and label triangle B. [2]

(ii) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle C by a clockwise rotation of 90°, centre (0, 3).

Draw and label triangle C. [2]

(iii) Triangle C is mapped onto triangle D by a reflection in line L.

Describe the single transformation that maps triangle B onto triangle D.

Answer ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

4024/21/O/N/12
 PAGE 224

(b)
y
8

3
A
2

5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
1
L
2

The diagram shows triangle A and line L.

(i) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle B by a reflection in line L.

Draw and label triangle B. [2]

(ii) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle C by an anticlockwise rotation of 90°, centre (0, 3).

Draw and label triangle C. [2]

(iii) Triangle C is mapped onto triangle D by a reflection in line L.

Describe the single transformation that maps triangle B onto triangle D.

Answer ..............................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [3]

4024/22/O/N/12
 PAGE 222

c m
-4
3

! "
PAGE 236
 PAGE 276

1.
- 21

area of triangle A
area of triangle C
PAGE 297

f p
 PAGE 345

- 0.5

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.
 PAGE 23

4024/21/M/J/16
 PAGE 46

^a + bh

J N
K O
KK OO
L P
PAGE 47
 PAGE 63

15

y
5

3
B
2
A
1

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1

–2

–3

–4

–5

–6

(a) Describe the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle B.

Answer ...............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle C by an enlargement, centre (0, 2) and scale factor -2.

Draw, and label, triangle C on the diagram. [2]

4024/11/O/N/16 [Turn over

 PAGE 87

13 Triangle ABC is mapped onto triangle AlBlC l by a rotation, centre O, through 110°

Draw and label triangle AlBlC l . clockwise.

A B O

[3]

4024/12/O/N/16 [Turn over

 PAGE 79

(b)
y
2
B A
1

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x

Triangle A has vertices ( 12 , 1), (1, 2) and (2, 2).

Triangle B has vertices ( - 12 , 1), (-1, 2) and (-2, 2).

(i) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle B.

Answer .......................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

J1 3N
(ii) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle C by a transformation represented by the matrix K O.
L0 1P
(a) Calculate the coordinates of the vertices of triangle C.

Answer ( ........ , ........ ) ( ........ , ........ ) ( ........ , ........ ) [2]

(b) Find the matrix which represents the transformation that maps triangle B onto triangle C.

J N
K O
Answer K O [2]
K O
L P

4024/21/O/N/16
 PAGE 107

(b)
y
5

A
–5 0 5 x

–5

(i) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle B.

Answer ................................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle C by the shear H in which the y-axis is invariant, and
H(2, 1) = (2, 3).

(a) On the grid, draw and label triangle C. [2]

(b) State the shear factor of H.

Answer .......................................... [1]

(c) Find the matrix that represents H.

J N
K O
Answer K O [1]
K O
L P

4024/22/O/N/16 [Turn over

 PAGE 452
4

2
y

2
A
1

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 x
–1
B
–2

–3

(a) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle B.

..................................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle C by a rotation 90° anticlockwise about (1, 1).

Draw triangle C. [2]

(c) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle D by the single transformation P.

2 0
The matrix representing P is e o.
0 2
Describe fully the single transformation P.

..................................................................................................................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2020 4024/21/M/J/20

 PAGE 495
20

11
y
7
6
5
4
C
3
A
2
1

–8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 x
–1
–2
–3
–4
B
–5
–6
–7

(a) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle B.

..................................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle C by the single transformation H.

Find the matrix representing H.

f p [2]

(c) Transformation M is a reflection in the line x = 2.

Transformation R is a rotation 180° about (0, 0).

Triangle A is mapped onto triangle D such that RM(A) = D.

Draw and label triangle D. [3]

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2020 4024/22/M/J/20

 PAGE 474

15

20
y

5
B
4

3
A
2

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
–1

–2

–3

–4

Triangle A and triangle B are drawn on the grid.

(a) Complete the description of the transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle B.

Enlargement ............................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle C by a reflection in the line y =- x .

On the grid, draw and label triangle C. [2]

© UCLES 2020 4024/11/O/N/20 [Turn over

 PAGE 500

14

19
y

3
A
P
2

–7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
–1

–2
B
–3

–4

–5

Triangle A, triangle B and the point P (–2, 2) are drawn on the grid.

(a) (i) Describe, fully, the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle B.

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Write down the matrix that represents this transformation.

f p [2]

1
(b) Triangle A is mapped onto triangle C by an enlargement, centre P, scale factor - .
2
On the grid, draw and label triangle C. [2]

© UCLES 2020 4024/12/O/N/20

 9

16
y
6
5
4
3
B A
2
1

–6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1
C
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6

Triangles A, B and C are drawn on the grid.

(a) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle B.

............................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Describe fully the single transformation that maps triangle A onto triangle C.

............................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................... [3]

(c) Triangle D is the image of triangle A after an enlargement, scale factor 2, with
centre of enlargement (1, 2).

Draw triangle D. [2]

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