EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF WIND EFFECTS ON TWO NEIGHBORING BUILDING

STRUCTURES

KEYWORDS:
1. Wind/Wind loads/Wind effects
2. Wind Tunnel test
3. Ansys Analysis
4. Simscale Analysis
5. GB, GMB, ZL and ARA

Foreign Studies

COMPONENT-BASED SEVERE WIND VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OF WOODEN

BUILDINGS IN THE PHILIPPINES
The Philippines, a tropical country, is said to be the gateway for various typhoons
forming in the Northwestern Pacific Basin—an area where the strongest typhoons occur. The
structural components of lightweight buildings, especially timber ones, are more susceptible to
severe winds brought by these typhoons, Agar et al. (2022). The objective of their study,
"Components-Based Severe Wind Vulnerability Analysis of Wooden Buildings in the
Philippines," is to determine how vulnerable buildings—specifically wooden buildings—are to
severe winds. This is done by using the Fragility Curve that relates the magnitude of severe
winds to the variation of damage in the buildings.

Severe winds cause significant damage to buildings, particularly in the Philippines where
more than 20 typhoons enter the country annually. We are the most vulnerable country in the
world to different tropical storms. In line with this, a vulnerability assessment should be
conducted to determine solutions that would increase structural resiliency against severe winds.
The study by Agar et al. (2022) focused on the effects of wind on lightweight buildings,
specifically wooden buildings. Similarly, the current study will also investigate the effects of
wind. However, it will use two neighboring buildings as the subject.

https://journals.utm.my/aej/article/view/17463

 
 A WIND TUNNEL STUDY ON AERODYNAMIC POROSITY AND WINDBREAK DRAG
Conducting wind tunnel studies helps engineers analyze the effects of airflow on a
structure. According to the study conducted by Bitog et al. (2011), using trees as natural
windbreaks are a very efficient barrier to high-velocity winds. Their study, entitled "A Wind
Tunnel Study on Aerodynamic Porosity and Windbreak Drag", demonstrates the effectiveness of
trees, specifically Pinus Thunbergii, as natural windbreak barriers of structures against high-
velocity winds. The purpose of the study was to establish the aerodynamic porosity as well as the
resistance factor of the tree as a natural windbreak barrier.

All structures standing on the earth’s surface are exposed to extreme winds. Determining
wind effects on the structure is the purpose of the study by Bitog et al. (2011) and the current
study. Similarly, an experimental study was conducted to analyze the wind effects. On the other
hand, the study by Bitog et al. (2011) uses a Pinus Thunbergii to test its performance as natural
windbreak, meanwhile, the current study will focus on the effects of wind on two neighboring
structures.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
210202700_A_wind_tunnel_study_on_aerodynamic_porosity_and_windbreak_drag
Foreign Studies

The wind effects on buildings stand out to be the most common effect in Nigeria,
especially in the northern part of the country. This paper examines the effects of winds on
structures, majorly on buildings in Irepodun Local Government Area of Kwara State.  The
effects on structures, especially buildings are numerous. Core effects are on lives and properties
account for most of the times when it happens. On buildings, it reduces the lifespan and services
expected. To guide against this menace, both the professionals and interested developers should
work hand in hand, in order to reduce the effects of wind on buildings in this local government
area. (Gana, 2015)
         In Nigeria, particularly in the north of the nation, the wind effects on structures stand out
as being the most frequent outcome. This study investigates how wind affects buildings,
particularly those in Kwara State's Irepodun Local Government Area. It shortens the estimated
lifespan and services for structures. To mitigate the impacts of wind on structures in this local
government region, experts and interested developers should collaborate to counsel against this
threat. (Gana, 2015). This research examines how the building in the pressure field is impacted
by the wind's direction in connection to the current study.
(99+) WIND EFFECTS ON STRUCTURES [A CASE STUDY OF BUILDINGS IN
IREPODUN LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KWARA STATE] | IJESRT Journal -
Academia.edu

This study presents the detailed analysis on how the top drift, inter-story drift, base moment in
the core is influenced by the outriggers stiffness, outriggers optimum locations, columns axial
stiffness and foundations flexibility. Outrigger braced structures can strengthen a structure
without disturbing its aesthetic appearance and this is a significant advantage over other lateral
load resisting systems. The thesis compares between many outriggers systems including both
concrete & steel Outriggers. The Rectangular shape & L- shaped building structures are taken for
analysis. The study also presents a simplified procedure to optimize the location of the outriggers
that will result in a maximum reduction in the lateral displacement at the top of the building. The
modeling of the structure is done using the “ETABS” program. The investigation of the model is
completed by comparable static technique. Finally, the thesis proposed a simplified analysis for
outriggers structures with core for both regular and irregular high rise building. (Khade, et.al.)

         This study provides a thorough investigation of the effects of outrigger stiffness,
outrigger placement, column axial stiffness, and foundation flexibility on the top drift, inter-story
drift, and base moment in the core. Compared to other lateral load resisting technologies,
outrigger braced structures can enhance a structure without detracting from its visual appeal. In
the thesis, various outrigger systems are compared, including both concrete and steel outriggers.
For analysis, the building structures in the shape of a rectangle and a L are used. The study also
offers a streamlined method for choosing the outrigger placement that will minimize lateral
displacement at the top of the structure. Using the "ETABS" application, the structure is
modeled. A similar static approach is used to conclude the model's study. The thesis's last
suggestion was a streamlined examination of outrigger constructions with cores for both regular
and irregular high-rise buildings. (Khade, et.al.). In relation to the present study, in terms of
shear loads, lateral loads, and uplift loads, this research examines the impacts of wind loads on
buildings.

Effect of Wind Load on Structural Performance of Dimensionally Regular & Irregular High Rise
Buildings With Different Outrigger Systems by Rohit B. Khade, Prashant Kulkarni :: SSRN

The wind-induced responses of Guangzhou East Tower and Guangzhou West Tower are
computed by considering four different reference wind speeds obtained from different wind
climate models, including the GB, GMB, ZL, and ARA models. It was found that different
reference wind speeds from different wind climate models created significantly different
structural response results. But, the computational maximum acceleration response by adopting
any one of the four wind reference wind speeds is much greater than the field measured
maximum instantaneous acceleration at the top of Guangzhou West Tower in the past 7 years,
which would suggest that all of the four reference wind speeds from different wind climate
models are conservative. If the wind-induced structural response is computed by adopting the
field measured wind speed, the computational peak acceleration response is close to the field
measured result, indicating the wind tunnel test itself is reliable. (Xu, et.al.,2017)

To calculate the wind-induced reactions of the Guangzhou East Tower and Guangzhou
West Tower, four distinct reference wind speeds from various wind climate models, including
the GB, GMB, ZL, and ARA models, were taken into account. It was discovered that the
findings of the structural reaction were considerably different when using various reference wind
speeds from various wind climate models. However, the computational maximum acceleration
response when using any one of the four reference wind speeds is significantly higher than the
maximum instantaneous acceleration measured in the field at the top of Guangzhou West Tower
over the past seven years, which suggests that all four reference wind speeds from various wind
climate models are conservative. If the field observed wind speed is used to compute the wind-
induced structural reaction, the computational peak acceleration response is near to the field
measured result, demonstrating the validity of the wind tunnel test. (Xu, et.al.,2017). In relation
to the present study, this paper determines the impact of wind direction on neighboring structures
by using different analyses.

(PDF) Experimental study of wind effects on two neighboring super-tall buildings

(researchgate.net)

A detailed study is conducted to investigate the influences of incident wind direction, upstream
terrain conditions and interferences from the surroundings on the wind loads and responses of the
high-rise structure. On the other hand, full-scale measurements of the wind effects on the super-
tall building have been performed under typhoon conditions. The field data, such as wind speed,
wind direction, structural acceleration and displacement responses have been simultaneously and
continuously recorded during the passage of 12 typhoons since 2008. Analysis of the field
measured data is carried out to investigate the typhoon effects on the super-tall building. Finally,
the model test results are compared with the full-scale measurements for verification of the wind-
tunnel test techniques. The comparative study shows that the wind tunnel testing can provide
reasonable predictions of the structural resonant responses. The resonant displacement responses
are comparable to the background displacement responses so that the contribution of the
background responses to the total displacement responses should not be underestimated. The
outcome of the combined wind tunnel and full-scale study is expected to be useful to engineers
and researchers involved in the wind-resistant design of super-tall buildings. (Simiu, 2019)

The effects of incoming wind direction, upstream terrain characteristics, and

environmental interferences on the wind loads and reactions of the high-rise building are
investigated in depth. However, full-scale tests of the wind's impact on the extremely tall
skyscraper have been carried out under typhoon-like conditions. Since 2008, 12 typhoons have
passed through the area, and the field data, including wind speed, wind direction, structure
acceleration, and displacement reactions, have been continually and concurrently collected. The
impacts of the typhoon on the extremely tall structure are investigated through analysis of the
field measured data. In order to verify the effectiveness of the wind tunnel testing methods, the
model test results are compared with the full-scale data. The comparison analysis demonstrates
that the structural resonant responses may be reasonably predicted by wind tunnel testing.
Because the background displacement responses are analogous to the resonant displacement
responses, it is important to recognize their importance in determining the overall displacement
responses. Engineers and academics working on the wind-resistant design of extremely tall
structures are anticipated to find value in the findings of the combined wind tunnel and full-scale
investigation. (Simiu, 2019). In relation to the present study, this paper determines the responses
produced in the structures in order to assess the structural parameters to be considered by using
the wind tunnel test and by using a software analysis like ANSYS Analysis.

Wind tunnel and full-scale study of wind effects on a super-tall building - ScienceDirect

It has been shown that wind loads on buildings in realistic environments surrounded by
neighboring buildings may be considerably different from those measured on isolated buildings.
Wind-induced interference effects may depend mainly on the geometry and arrangement of those
structures, their orientation and upstream terrain conditions. The most important factor among
them is the arrangement of building structures, which can directly change the flow. It is
examined in this study that wind loads on high-rise buildings with square sections are affected by
the arrangement of neighboring buildings with side ratios of 1.0-2.5 to the measured building.
The study of wind-induced interference effects on high-rise buildings was performed by wind-
tunnel tests of force balance model. (Cho, et.al., 2004)

It has been demonstrated that wind loads recorded on isolated buildings may differ
significantly from those measured on structures in actual situations surrounded by other
buildings. The design and arrangement of such structures, their direction, and the upstream
terrain conditions may all have a significant impact on wind-induced interference effects. The
layout of building structures, which may directly alter the flow, is the most crucial element
among them. In this study, it is investigated how the layout of nearby buildings with side ratios
of 1.0 to 2.5 to the measured building affects wind loads on high-rise structures with square
sections. Force balance model wind tunnel studies were used to investigate the effects of wind-
induced interference on tall structures. (Cho, et.al., 2004) In relation to the present study, this
paper looks at how the pressure field of a nearby building is impacted by the separation distance
and wind direction.

1564-effects-of-neighboring-building-on-wind-loads.pdf (ctbuh.org)
The main goal of this paper is to understand the solar panel behavior under wind velocity effect.
A three-dimension (3-D) model of solar panel is conducted in this investigation. The solar panel
model is simulated under different wind velocities. Four differences of wind velocity with 0 m/s,
0.43 m/s, 2.5 m/s and 6.95 m/s are selected to examine the solar panel performance. The
simulation results are obtained using ANSYS simulation software. The temperature distribution
of the solar panel model will be discussed in this current paper. The simulation result showed the
highest wind velocity can provide a good cooling effect for the solar panel model in order to
enable the solar panel to be operated to perform well at lower temperature. (Leow, et.al., 2015)

This paper's primary objective is to comprehend how solar panels behave when wind
velocity is a factor. In this study, a three-dimensional (3-D) model of a solar panel is used.
Different wind speeds are simulated for the solar panel model. To assess the performance of the
solar panels, four different wind speeds of 0 m/s, 0.43 m/s, 2.5 m/s, and 6.95 m/s were used.
Utilizing ANSYS, the simulation results were obtained from a program for simulating. In the
current study, the temperature distribution of the solar panel model will be covered. According to
the simulation's findings, even the strongest winds may have a positive cooling impact on the
solar panel model, allowing it to function well at lower temperatures. (Leow, et.al., 2015). This
work investigates the effects of different wind loads on buildings in connection to the current
study.

http://saintekjournalitm.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Investigation-of-Solar-
Panel_IJEECS.pdf