Mariano Marcos State University

College of Arts and Sciences

Department of Biological Science

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Laboratory Report No. 1

THE GAS BURNER

Compiled by:

Group 4

Buduan, Jana Angelika

De Leon, Jamina Marikhar
Echiverri, Pia Ysavel
Felina, Anne Jayleen
Guerrero, Francine Let
Namocatcat, Jean Rose
Orillo, Shiella Mae
Pascua, Mariele

Submitted to:

Mr. Exelsis Leano

 I. INTRODUCTION

The gas burner is a heating device widely used in laboratories because it

provides a hot, steady, smokeless flame. The burner is a short, vertical tube of metal
connected to a gas source and perforated at the bottom to admit air. The flow of air
is controlled by an adjustable collar on the tube.

The flame is produced by the proper combustion of fuel gas (usually

methane). If the supply of oxygen coming from the air is adequate, complete
combustion takes place yielding carbon dioxide, water and heat as illustrated in the
following equation:
CH4 ᐩ 2 02 → CO2 ᐩ 2 H2O ᐩ heat
The resulting flame is bluish hence non-luminous. This is the desired flame.
However, if the supply of oxygen is insufficient, partial combustion takes place,
resulting in the deposition of carbon. A luminous flame is produced.
2 CH4 ᐩ 3 O2 → C ᐩ CO2 ᐩ 4 H20 ᐩ heat

Bunsen burners or Gas Burners are generally used to rapidly heat high-boiling
liquids with low flammability, such as water. It is important to know that they can
reach temperatures of approximately 1500 degree celsius and can easily ignite most
organic compounds (Nichols, 2022).

Bunsen Burners are normally fitted with a hose barb at

the base of the chimney to allow rubber tubing to supply the
gas from a gas nozzle on the laboratory bench. There may
also be a gas value on the Bunsen burner. The other critical
component of a Bunsen burner is the air hole. This is located
near the bottom of the chimney, just above the gas inlet. The
air hole allows pre-mixing of air and gas before combustion
occurs at the top of the chimney. A collar around the base of
the chimney, with a hole that aligns with the air hole, acts as
an air regulator, allowing the air in the pre-mixture to be
adjusted (Heney, 2020).

II. III. OBJECTIVES

To study the parts of the gas burner, as well as the functions of each
part and how to operate and manipulate the burner;
And to be familiar with the parts of the gas burner.
APPARATUS/MATERIALS :

● Bunsen Burner
● Graduated Cylinder
● Nichrome Wire
● Test Tubes (2)
● Test tube holder
● Timer
● Cardboard
● Match

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:

COLLAR (AIR REGULATOR)

BARREL / CHIMNEY
GAS NOZZLE
AIR HOLES

GAS VALVE

BASE
 A. Parts of the Gas Burner

NAME FUNCTION
Barrel or Chimney It is the longest part of the burner. It is made up of
metal tubes. Its length is about 5 to 6 inches. It is a non-
moveable part of the bunsen burner. From the inside,
the chimney is hollow and narrow, which increases the
flow of mixing of gas and oxygen. The barrel screws
into a base, which keeps the Bunsen burner stable and
remains cool to allow safe relocation of the instrument
during or after use. The gas inlet connects the Bunsen
burner to the gas jet through a rubber gas intake tube.
Collar (Air It is located at the base of the barrel. It increases heat
Regulator) by mixing more oxygen coming from air valves. It can
rotate clockwise or anticlockwise. Rotating clockwise
decreases the amount of heat that is indicated by the
yellow color flame. However, rotating anticlockwise
increases the amount of heat. This changes the color of
the flame from yellow to blue. The air regulator has
holes and it is used for regulating the flame.
Air Holes These are opening on the bunsen burner. They allow
oxygen to enter the barrel from the collar. When lighting
a Bunsen burner the air hole should be closed or very
slightly open. When the air hole is closed the flame is
yellow in color. If the holes are closed, the gas will only
mix with ambient air at the point of combustion, that is,
only after it has exited the tube at the top. This reduced
mixing produces an incomplete reaction, producing a
cooler but brighter yellow, which is often called the
"safety flame" or "luminous flame".
Gas Nozzle The gas nozzle allows the natural gas to enter the
bunsen burner. This can be achieved by connecting the
nozzle to the gas source with a rubber or plastic pipe.
When the lab gas nozzle is turned on, the gas will flow
up into the burner from the base.
Gas Valve It is internally connected with the gas receiving part
(gas nozzle). The supply of gas can be controlled by
rotating the gas valve right or left. The gas valve
controls the amount of gas entering the Bunsen burner.
Allowing more gas to enter the Bunsen burner creates
a larger flame. Twisting the collar clockwise will reduce
the amount of air entering the Bunsen burner, cutting
off oxygen supply to the flame. If the valve on a Bunsen
 Burner is open it lets a lot of oxygen in so the flame
may appear blue or may be difficult to see. This is a
roaring flame at a high temperature.
Base It is a lower and heavy part of the bunsen burner. It
helps to stabilize the burner vertically. Normally, it is
disc or flat shaped. Disc-shaped is preferable as it gives
more surface area to maintain the central point of
gravity. Gas valve – It is internally connected with the
gas receiving part (gas nozzle). The supply of gas can
be controlled by rotating the gas valve right or left. They
are made to have a broad and heavy base so as to
make them more stable.

B.
 OPERATION AND MANIPULATION OF THE
Lighting the
Gas Burner
Connect the rubber tubing
of the gas burner to the gas
outlet. Close the air holes
and open the valve.
Light the burner by holding a
lighted match to the side and
a little below the top of the
barrel of the gas burner as the
gas regulator is slowly being
opened.
NOTE: Do not hold the
lighted match directly above
the tip of the gas burner
before returning on the gas
cock because these might
put off the lighted match.
Open the air holes gradually
and observe the variation of
the flame. And then regulate
the supply of air adjusting the
air holes until a non-luminous
flame is obtained.
GAS BURNER
Gas and Air Temperature
Control of the Flame
Measure 20.00 mL Take a piece of
of water in a nichrome wire with a
graduated cylinder. loop at the end which
is attached to a cork.
Transfer 10.00 mL each into
separate dry test tubes and then
Using a non-luminous flame, insert
close the air holes and light the the looped portion of the wire into the
gas burner to obtain a luminous different parts of the flame taking
flame. note of the color produced in the
looped portion of the wire.
Adjust the size of the flame
by turning the gas regulator.
And heat the water in one of
the test tubes to boiling and Make a sketch of the flame and
record the time consumed. indicate the observed color and
the relative temperature of each
part specified.
Notice what us deposited on the outside
walls of the test tube that us exposed to
the luminous flame. Then open the air
holes by turning the air regulator until a
bluish, non-luminous flame is obtained.
Heat the water in the other test tube to
boiling using this flame. Record the time
consumed