VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Jnana Sangama, Belagavi – 590018

A Mini Project Report

on
“SUPERVISION ON FOOD QUALITY USING IOT”
submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted by
NISHANT SHEKAR S (1AM20EC057)
SANDEEP KUMAR N (1AM20EC066)
RAVIKIRAN BIRADAR (1AM20EC063)
Under the guidance of

Mrs. Aruna Ramalingam

Associate professor Dept. of
ECE AMCEC, Bengaluru

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Approved by AICTE, Permanently Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Accredited by
NAAC & NBA 18th KM, Bannerghatta Main Road, Bengaluru – 560 0832020-
2021
 AMC ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC, New Delhi
th
#18 Km, Bannerghatta Road, Kalkere, Bengaluru-83

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS &

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Mini Project report entitled “LASER
SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM” is a bonafide work carried out by
,NISHANT SHEKER S (1AM20EC57), SANDEEP KUMAR N
(1AM20EC066), RAVIKIRAN BIRADAR (1AM20EC063) in partial
fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and
Communication Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological
University,Belagavi during the year 2023-24 It is certified that all
corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been
incorporated in the report. The Mini Project report has been approved as it
satisfies the academic requirements in respect of mini project prescribed
for the said Degree.

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

Mrs.Aruna Dr. G. Shivakumar Dr. Girisha C
Ramalingam

External Viva Signature with Date:

Name of the Examiners:

1.
2.
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the Mini Project report entitled “LASER SECURITY
ALARM SYSTEM” has been carried out by me under the guidance of my guide, Mrs.
Aruna Ramalingam, Associate professor, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore and submitted in partial fulfilment
of the course requirements for the award of the degree in Bachelor of Electronics and
Communication Engineering during the year 2023-24. The matter embodied in this
report has not been submitted to any other university or institution for the award of any
other degree or diploma.

NISHANT SHEKAR S (1AM20EC057)

SANDEEP KUMAR N (1AM20EC066)
RAVIKIRAN BIRADAR (1AM20EC063)
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I would like to thank our chairman Dr. K. R. Paramahamsa AMC Engineering
College, Bangalore, for providing the necessary infrastructure.

I would like to thank our Principal, Dr. A.G.Nataraj, AMC Engineering

College, Bangalore, for his kind cooperation.

I sincerely thank Dr. N.V. Uma Reddy, HOD, Dept. of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore, from the bottom
of my heart for her support and understanding.

I consider it my privilege to express gratitude to my guide, Mrs. Aruna

Ramalingam Associate professor, Dept. of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore, for their constant support and
valuable suggestions during the Mini Project.

My deepest gratitude goes to my teachers, who showed infinite patience and

understanding till the completion of my Mini project.

Last, but not the least, my sincere credit to my parents, my friends and to one
and all who have directly or indirectly helped me in the successful completion of the
Mini project.

NISHANT SHEKAR S (1AM20EC057)

SANDEEP KUMAR N (1AM20EC066)
RAVIKIRAN BIRADAR (1AM20EC063)
 ABSTRACT
Most home laser security systems consist of two parts a basic alarm unit
and an infrared motion detector. Laser based security system is a type of
security and alarm system that uses laser light and a light sensor.
laser light goes through long distance without any scattering effect
(disturbing) and it is only visible at source and the destination point so it can
be used as mediator between source and destination but to analyses the
source a sensor is need.
Making use of this, a laser security system is designed. Its working: There is
a laser diode that generates the laser beam which continuously strikes over
the Light sensors. When any person crosses the path, it inhibits laser to reach
LDR and the sensor generate a DISTRUBANCE which will power on the
buzzer.
 LIST OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1 .........................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................1
1.1. Overview ............................................................................................................1
1.2. Problem Statement ..............................................................................................2
1.3. Problem Solution ................................................................................................3
1.4. Motivation ..........................................................................................................3
1.5. Objective ............................................................................................................4
1.6. Summary ............................................................................................................4
Chapter 2 .........................................................................................................................6
LITERATURE SURVEY ...............................................................................................6
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................6
2.2 Existing solutions ................................................................................................6
2.2.1 Manual monitoring of atmospheric and environmental factors. ............... Error!
Bookmark not defined.
2.2.2 Installed Measurement Devices monitoring systems. ..... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
2.2.3 Smart Food Quality Monitoring System. ......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3 Controllers .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.1 ESP32-DEV KIT ............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4 Temperature and Humidity Sensors..................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.5 Gas Sensors ........................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.5.1 MQ-4 sensor.................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.6 Light sensors ....................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.6.1 LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) module......... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter 3 .........................................................................................................................9
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................9
3.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................9
3.2. Block Diagram and working ...................................................................................9
3.2.1. Block Diagram ....................................................................................................9
3.2.2. Working ............................................................................................................ 10
3.3. Flowchart of Food Quality Monitoring System ..................................................... 11
3.3.1. Food Quality Monitoring System Flowchart ........ Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4. ESP-32 DEVKIT .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.1. Operation of ESP32: ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.2. Pin-configuration of ESP-32 ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5. Interfacing MQ-4 Sensor with ESP 32 .................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5.1. MQ-4 Sensor ...................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6. Interfacing DHT-11 Sensor with ESP32 ................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.1. Interfacing of DHT11.......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.7. Interfacing LDR Light Sensor with ESP32 ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.8. Interfacing OLED with ESP32 ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.8.1. Interfacing OLED with ESP32 ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter 4 .............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
TESTING AND RESULTS.................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.1. Introduction ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2. Hardware and Software used. ................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.1. Hardware used. ................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.2. Software used. .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.3. Construction Process ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.3.1. Figure of overall interfacing ............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.3. Uploading the Data to Arduino IOT Cloud ............. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.3.1. IOT Cloud results................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4. Programming the System ........................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.1. Programming code .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.2. serial monitor output ........................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter 5 ....................................................................................................................... 15
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................15
5.1 Introduction ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2 Statement of the Initial Objectives .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.3 Summary of Achievements ..................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.4 Application of the System....................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
The food quality monitoring system is applicable in areas such as; .. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
5.5 Future Enhancements: ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter 6 ....................................................................................................................... 16
REFERENCES.............................................................................................................. 16
APPENDIX.................................................................................................................... 16
 LIST OF FIGURES

3.2.1. Block Diagram ..................................................................................................9

3.3.1. Food Quality Monitoring System Flowchart .......Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.2. Pin-configuration of ESP-32 .................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.5.1. MQ-4 Sensor .........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.6.1. Interfacing of DHT11 ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.8.1. Interfacing OLED with ESP32 .............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.2.3.1. Figure of overall interfacing..............................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.3.1. IOT Cloud results .................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.1. Programming code ................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
4.4.2. serial monitor output ............................................Error! Bookmark not defined.
Supervision on food quality using IOT Chapter 1

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Overview
A laser security alarm system is a sophisticated security technology designed to detect
unauthorized intrusions or movements within a specific area. It utilizes laser beams to
create an invisible barrier or grid, which when breached, triggers an alarm or activates a
security response. Laser security alarm systems are commonly used in residential,
commercial, and industrial settings to protect valuable assets, deter potential intruders, and
enhance overall security.

The fundamental principle of a laser security alarm system involves the transmission and
reception of laser beams. The system typically consists of a laser transmitter that emits a
continuous or pulsed laser beam and a receiver that detects the laser beam's reflection.
These components are strategically positioned to form an invisible laser grid or perimeter
across the area to be protected.

When the laser beam is interrupted by an object or a person crossing the protected area,
the beam's reflection is disrupted, and this change is detected by the receiver. The alarm
system promptly detects the interruption and triggers an alarm, which can be a loud siren,
a visual alert, or a notification sent to a monitoring center or mobile device.

Laser security alarm systems offer several advantages over traditional security measures.
They provide a high level of accuracy and sensitivity, capable of detecting even slight
disturbances within the laser grid. They are also non-intrusive, as the laser beams are
invisible and do not create physical barriers. Additionally, laser security alarm systems
can cover large areas with a single system, making them suitable for securing expansive
spaces.

These systems can be further enhanced with additional features such as adjustable
sensitivity levels, integration with other security systems (such as CCTV cameras), and
remote monitoring capabilities. Some advanced laser security alarm systems may also
incorporate advanced technologies like motion detection, thermal imaging, or artificial
intelligence algorithms to improve their performance and reduce false alarms.
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In conclusion, laser security alarm systems provide a reliable and efficient means of
protecting properties and assets by creating an invisible barrier that triggers an alarm when
breached. Their precision, scalability, and integration capabilities make them a popular
choice for various security applications, ensuring enhanced safety and peace of mind for
individuals and organizations alike.

1.2. Problem Statement

The problem statement of a laser security alarm system can be defined as follows:

The existing security measures and systems in place are often insufficient to provide
reliable and accurate intrusion detection, leading to potential vulnerabilities and security
breaches. Traditional security systems may have limitations in terms of coverage,
sensitivity, and false alarm rates, making them less effective in deterring or detecting
unauthorized intrusions.

The problem lies in the need for a robust security solution that offers high accuracy,
sensitivity, and scalability to effectively safeguard properties, assets, and individuals
against potential threats. Current security systems may struggle to cover large areas, detect
subtle movements, or adapt to changing environmental conditions, leaving room for
unauthorized access and compromises in security.

Therefore, there is a need for a laser security alarm system that addresses these limitations
and provides a comprehensive and reliable security solution. This system should be
capable of creating an invisible laser grid or perimeter, detecting any disruptions within
the laser beams, and promptly triggering an alarm to alert security personnel or relevant
authorities. Additionally, the system should offer adjustable sensitivity levels, integration
with other security systems, and remote monitoring capabilities to enhance its

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effectiveness and usability.

By addressing these challenges, the laser security alarm system aims to enhance overall
security measures, minimize false alarms, and provide a robust defense against potential
intrusions, ultimately ensuring the safety and protection of individuals and valuable assets.

1.3. Problem Solution

The laser security alarm system offers a solution to the problem of insufficient and
unreliable intrusion detection in existing security measures. The system provides several
key features and benefits that address the limitations of traditional security systems. Here
are some of the solutions provided by a laser security alarm system:

1. Enhanced Accuracy and Sensitivity: Laser security alarm systems utilize laser beams to
create an invisible grid or perimeter, offering a high level of accuracy and sensitivity.
These systems can detect even slight disturbances within the laser grid, ensuring that
unauthorized intrusions are promptly identified.

2. Scalability and Coverage: Laser security alarm systems can cover large areas with a
single system, making them suitable for securing expansive spaces. By strategically
positioning the laser transmitter and receiver, the system can effectively create a
comprehensive security perimeter, eliminating blind spots and vulnerabilities.

3. Non-Intrusive Approach: Unlike physical barriers or obtrusive security measures, laser

security alarm systems are non-intrusive. The laser beams are invisible, making them
discreet and aesthetically pleasing while maintaining a high level of security.

4. Integration with Other Security Systems: Laser security alarm systems can be integrated
with other security systems such as CCTV cameras, access control systems, or central
monitoring stations. This integration enhances the overall security infrastructure by
providing a comprehensive and cohesive security solution.

1.4. Motivation
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Supervision on food quality using IOT Chapter 1

Enhanced Security: The primary motivation for the development and implementation of
laser security alarm systems is to provide enhanced security measures. Traditional security
systems may have limitations in terms of coverage, accuracy, and reliability, leaving
vulnerabilities and gaps in security. Laser security alarm systems offer a more advanced
and robust solution that effectively detects and deters unauthorized intrusions, providing
an additional layer of security.

1.5. Objective
Intrusion Detection: The primary objective of a laser security alarm system is to detect
unauthorized intrusions or movements within a specific area. By creating an invisible laser
grid or perimeter, the system aims to accurately identify any disruptions to the laser
beams, triggering an alarm or alert to indicate a potential security breach.

Prevention and Deterrence: A key objective of a laser security alarm system is to prevent
security incidents and deter potential intruders. The presence of laser beams forming a
security barrier acts as a visual deterrent, signaling that the area is protected and
monitored. By discouraging unauthorized access, the system aims to reduce the likelihood
of security breaches.

1.6. Summary
A laser security alarm system is an advanced security technology designed to detect
and deter unauthorized intrusions within a specific area. It utilizes laser beams to create an
invisible grid or perimeter, and when the laser beams are disrupted by an object or person,
it triggers an alarm or activates a security response. The system aims to provide reliable
intrusion detection, prevention, and deterrence, offering several key features and benefits.

The system's primary objective is to detect intrusions accurately. It achieves this by

creating a laser grid that is highly sensitive and precise, minimizing false alarms caused by
environmental factors. By promptly detecting disruptions to the laser beams, the system
alerts security personnel or relevant authorities, enabling swift response and intervention.

Laser security alarm systems also serve as a visual deterrent, deterring potential intruders
from attempting unauthorized access. The presence of an invisible laser barrier signals that
the area is protected and monitored, reducing the likelihood of security breaches.
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These systems provide comprehensive coverage by strategically positioning the laser

transmitter and receiver, ensuring that the entire protected area is monitored. They can be
customized and scaled to accommodate various security requirements and adapt to
different environments, from small properties to large industrial sites.

Integration with other security systems is another important aspect of laser security alarm
systems. They can be seamlessly integrated with technologies such as CCTV cameras,
access control systems, or central monitoring stations. This integration enhances the
overall security infrastructure, providing a cohesive and comprehensive security solution.

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Supervision on food quality using IOT Chapter 2

Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Introduction
Laser based security system for home by Harshal Hemane, Debarati Sen. In this proposed
system mirrors are used to reflect the laser rays to cover the region surrounding home in
all direction. When laser light is incident on a mirror, it gets reflected from one mirror to
another and falls on LDR. If any of the laser ray is blocked the buzzer produces beep
sound.

Laser security alarm system by A.B.N.V. Prasad, K. Ravi Raj, K. Siva Ganesh, M. Lithin
Siva swamy Naidu, N. Phaneendra. In this project based on the voltage drop across the
LDR is considered to turn On and Off the transistor. If the voltage drop across the LDR is
low transistor is turned Off, if the voltage across the LDR is high transistor is said to be
turned On. Once the transistor is turned on buzzer produces beep sound.

2.2 Existing solutions

There are several existing solutions available for laser security alarm systems in the
market. These solutions vary in terms of features, capabilities, and integration options.
Here are some examples of existing solutions:

Optex Laser Sensor

Optex offers a range of laser security sensors that provide reliable intrusion detection.
Their laser sensors utilize advanced technology to detect disruptions in the laser beam, and
they offer adjustable sensitivity levels to minimize false alarms. Optex sensors are known
for their accuracy and ease of installation.

Sick LaserGuard
Sick offers laser security systems designed for perimeter protection. Their LaserGuard
series includes laser scanners that create a virtual fence, detecting any intrusion attempts.
The system features adjustable detection zones, integration with other security systems,
and advanced signal processing for reliable detection.

.COMPONENTS
1. AURDINO UNO : It is easy-to-use and programmable open source micro
controller

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2. LDR: The resistance of the LDR decreases with an increase in the light intensity.
this property allows us to use them for making light sensing circuit.

3.Laser module:Laser Diodes and Modules are semiconductor devices that can emit
a beam of high intensity focused radiation, typically in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet
wavelength.

4. 5v BUZZER:It is a loud continues type Piezo Buzzer. It has two wires for
connection and can work on 3 to 7 V DC. Just connect with power supply and it will
give loud sound.

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Supervision on food quality using IOT Chapter 2

5 . COOLING FAN : It is used to steady flow of ambient-cooled water to a cold

plate, or directly to the laser head, will usually suffice for a medium-power laser.

6 . 9V BATTERY : We use Rechargeable nine-volt batteries these are NiMH and

Lithium. Lithium batteries double the NiMH capacity NiMH's 9V battery capacity
last for about four hours.

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Supervision on food quality using IOT Chapter 2

Chapter 3

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION

.Introduction
In this chapter we show how each component is interfaced with the microcontroller to
form the smart IoT food quality monitoring system. The study chose to use a DHT-11
temperature and humidity sensor, MQ4 Sensor, the LDR sensor and ESP32 as the
microcontroller.

.Block Diagram and working

.Block Diagram

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Supervision on food quality using IOT Chapter 2

Working
The working of a laser security alarm system involves the following steps:

1. Laser Beam Setup: The system is set up by positioning the laser transmitter and receiver
in a way that creates a laser grid or perimeter to be protected. The laser beams are aligned
to form an invisible barrier across the designated area.

2. Laser Beam Emission: The laser transmitter emits one or multiple laser beams,
depending on the system configuration. These laser beams span across the protected area,
forming the security perimeter.

3. Laser Beam Detection: The laser receiver detects the laser beams and measures their
intensity or presence. It continuously monitors the laser beams to ensure that they remain
intact.

4. Beam Disruption Detection: The received laser beam signals are analyzed in real-time
to identify any disruptions or changes in intensity. If an object or person crosses the laser
grid, it causes a disruption in the laser beams.

5. Intrusion Detection: The system's signal processing algorithms analyze the disruptions
detected by the laser receiver. These algorithms differentiate between genuine intrusions
and false alarms caused by environmental factors, such as wind or small animals.

6. Alarm Trigger: When a valid intrusion is detected, the system triggers an alarm signal.
This can be in the form of a loud audible alarm, a visual alarm such as flashing lights, or a
silent alarm that notifies security personnel or a central monitoring station.

7. Security Response: Depending on the alarm trigger, appropriate security responses are
initiated. This can include notifying security personnel on-site, activating CCTV cameras
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Supervision on food quality using IOT Chapter 2

to record the intrusion, or dispatching authorities to the location.

8. Reset and Monitoring: Once the intrusion is detected and appropriate security measures
are taken, the system resets itself to monitor for any new intrusions. The laser beams are
continuously monitored, and the system remains vigilant for any further disruptions.

It's important to note that the working of a laser security alarm system can vary depending
on the specific implementation, features, and customization of the system. Different
manufacturers may incorporate additional functionalities and technologies to enhance the
system's performance and integration capabilities.

Through an open-source Internet platform, the concerned parties can keep an eye on the
food store's gas concentration levels, temperature, humidity, and light intensity.

Flowchart of LASER SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM

LASER SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM FLOW CHART

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DIAGRAM

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Supervision on food quality using IOT Chapter 2

Programming code OF LASER

void setup () {
// put your setup code here, to run once:
pinMode (11, OUTPUT); //Buzzer Pin
pinMode (7, INPUT); //Light Sensor
delay (500);
}
void loop () {
// put your main code here, to run repeatedly:
int i=0;
if (digitalRead (7) ==HIGH)
{
a:
digitalWrite (11, HIGH);
delay(100) ;
digitalWrite (11, LOW);
delay(100) ;
i++;
if (i<50) {
goto a;
}

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Programming code OF BLUETOOTH MODULE

int relay = 8;
char sms;
void setup()
{
pinMode(relay, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(relay,HIGH);
Serial.begin(9600);
}
void loop()
{
if(Serial.available()!=0)
{
sms = Serial.read();
}
if(sms == 'a')
{
digitalWrite(relay,LOW);
}
if(sms == 'b')
{
digitalWrite(relay,HIGH);
}
}

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Supervision on food quality using IOT

Chapter 4
CONCLUSION

1) Home security is rapidly growing field and there are new & improved
burglar alarms popping up every day.

2) With rapid advancement of technology the field is turning out to be an

area full of scope and new changes can be made to make it's more efficient.

3) It has years to come, because security is of prime importance to one and

all.

4) In conclusion, laser security alarm systems provide an advanced and

effective solution for intrusion detection and prevention. These systems
utilize laser technology to create an invisible barrier or grid, which is capable
of accurately detecting disruptions caused by unauthorized intrusions or
objects crossing the laser beams.

The key advantages of laser security alarm systems include enhanced

security, protection of assets and individuals, prevention and deterrence of
intrusions, and reliable and accurate detection. These systems are designed to
minimize false alarms caused by environmental factors while maintaining a
high level of sensitivity to genuine threats.

Laser security alarm systems can be integrated with other security systems,
such as CCTV cameras, access control systems, or centralized monitoring
stations, providing a comprehensive security infrastructure. They offer
customization options and scalability to meet the specific security
requirements of various environments, ranging from small properties to large
industrial sites.

The motivation behind laser security alarm systems is driven by the need for
enhanced security measures, advancements in laser technology, and the aim
to provide reliable and efficient solutions to protect assets and individuals.
Ongoing research and development in the field continue to improve the
performance, features, and integration capabilities of these systems.

Overall, laser security alarm systems offer a robust and proactive approach to
security, providing accurate intrusion detection, prevention, and deterrence.
With their ability to detect and respond to potential threats, laser security
alarm systems contribute to creating a secure and protected environment for
residential, commercial, and industrial applications.
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Supervision on food quality using IOT

Chapter 5

REFERENCES
1] LASER SECURITY SYSTEM", International Journal of Emerging Technologies and
Innovative Research (www.jetir.org), ISSN:2349-5162, Vol.5, Issue 5, page no.542-544, May-
2018,

2]Kimio T, Natarajan G, Hideki A, Taichi K, Nanao K. Higher involvement of subtelomere

regions for chromosome rearrangements in leukemia and lymphoma and in irradiated leukemic
cell line. Indian Journal of Science and Technology.2012 April; 5(1):1801–11.

3]Lee EA. Embedded Software, Advances in Computers. Zelkowitz M, Ed, Academic Press;
London. 2002. p . 56. Available from: http:// www.wikipedia.orgSharmila D, Muthusamy P.
Removal of Heavy Metal from Industrial Effluent using Bio Adsorbents (Camellia sinensis).
Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2013; 5(2):10–3. ISSN : 0975 – 7384.
3. Rappaport TS, Sun Shu, Mayzus Rimma. Millimeter Wave Mobile Communications for 5G
Cellular. IEEE access may10/ USA. 2013; (1): 335– 47

APPENDIX
int laserPin = 3;
int sensorPin = A0;
int buttonPin = 12;
int buzzerPin = 11;

int laserThreshold = 10;

void setup() {
pinMode(laserPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP);
Serial.begin(9600);
}

boolean alarmState = false;

void loop() {
if (! alarmState) {
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(laserPin, HIGH);
delay(10);
unsigned long startTime = millis();
while (millis() – startTime < 1000) {
int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);
Serial.println(sensorValue);
if (sensorValue > laserThreshold) {
alarmState = true;
break;
}
delay(10);
}
digitalWrite(laserPin, LOW);
} else {
tone(buzzerPin, 440);
if (! digitalRead(buttonPin)) {
alarmState = false;
noTone(buzzerPin);
}
delay(10);
}
}

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