ME419: Combined Cycle PP

The combined cycle power plant consists of a gas turbine which

generates electricity and recovering wastage of heat is used to make
steam to generate the additional electricity via a steam turbine.

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 ME419: Combined Cycle PP

Merits:
CCPP’s are the most efficient method of adding electrical
Demerits:
capacity to areas with an abundance of natural gas, due to:
i. Only can use Gaseous
i. Low capital cost
or Liquid Fuels.
ii. Shorter construction time
ii. Abundance of water
iii. Low fuel cost
is needed.
iv. Lower emissions
v. High efficiency (55-60%) and high power density

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 ME419: CCPP - HRSG

STACK

INTAKE

ST

HRSG
GT

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 ME419: Combined Cycle PP

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 ME419: CCPP Configurations
The most common configurations currently used in commercial
combined cycle power plants:
 1x1 Uniaxial Configuration with or without clutch. This uniaxial
configuration is the simplest of all where a gas turbine and a
steam turbine are connected on the same axle to drive a single
generator through clutches.
 1x1 Multi-axis Configuration This is a popular version of a
combined cycle power plant project in which the gas turbine and
steam turbine are independent and both are connected to their
own generators.
 2x1 Configuration: The This configuration is the most common
among newly built combined-cycle power plants. In this
configuration, the plant has two gas turbines of the same
capacity, each connected to its own generator, and the gas is fed
to two independent heat recovery steam generators (HRSG),
producing steam for a single steam turbine.
 3x1, 4x1 and other equipment configurations.

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 ME419: CCPP - Configurations

SINGLE
SHAFT

1 x GT
1 x HRSG
1 x ST

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 ME419: Combined Cycle PP

MULTI SHAFT

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 ME419: CCPP - Configurations
2 x GT
2 x HRSG
1 x ST

2 x 1 CONFIG.

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 ME419: CCPP - Specification
Station Capacity 2 × 408.5 = 817 MW
Each of the two units consists of two gas turbines feeding one steam turbine.
Gas turbine output 2 × 131 = 262 MW
Steam turbine output 146.5 MW
Combined gas and steam turbine output and efficiency 408.5 MW (54.3 %)

Fuel Main: Natural gas (from pipe line).

Alternate fuel: HSD
GAS TURBINE 2 in each unit STEAM TURBINE 1 in each unit
Capacity 131.3 MW Type Two cylinder
Design inlet temperature 1060 °C
Steam inlet pressure 61.75 bar
Rated speed 3000 rpm
Steam inlet temperature 528.6 °C
Number of turbine stages 4
Number of compressor stages 16
Steam flow rate 225.9 tonnes/hr
Compressor pressure ratio 10.2
Number of HP stages 22
Mass flows rate of air (at 27 °C) 404 kg/s
Mass flow rate of exhaust gases 471.59 kg/s Number of LP stages 7

Temperature of the exhaust gases at 559.5 °C Turbine exhaust pressure 0.1122 bar
the inlet of the HRSG/HRB
Courtesy: National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd. India.
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 ME419: CCPP - Turbines

Development Trend of large Gas Turbine Models

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 ME419: CCPP - Specification

Courtesty : MHI website

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 ME419: CCPP - Example
Summit Meghnaghat
Power Company Limited

2GT x 132 MW
+ 1ST x 73 MW
= 337 MW

1
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 ME419: CCPP - Example

2,000 MW LNG fired Combined Cycle plant located in Pembroke, Wales, UK. It consists of
5 modules of 400 MW each, equipped with an Alstom 288 MW GT 26B gas turbine, a
heat recovery boiler and a 112 MW steam turbine.
1
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 ME419: CCPP - HRSG

HRSG : Heat Recovery Steam Generator

 A heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is one of the major pieces of equipment in
a gas turbine combined cycle power plant that boasts a high thermal efficiency and
produces minimal CO2 emissions.
 An HRSG is a kind of heat exchanger that recovers heat from the exhaust gases of a
gas turbine to an extreme degree. The heat is recovered in the form of steam which
is served as the power source of a power-generating steam turbine. For the heat-
transfer tubes of an HRSG, finned tubes with excellent heat-transfer performance
are employed. By adopting a compact design, the installation footprint of the
equipment is reduced.
 In addition, Selective Catalyst Reduction (SCR) equipment is installed inside the
HRSG, reducing the content of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gases released into
the atmosphere.

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 ME419: CCPP - HRSG

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 ME419: CCPP - HRSG

Vertical HRSG Horizontal HRSG

The pressure drop across the HRSG on the flue gas path is in the range of 200–375 mm
water column. This pressure drop is the back-pressure of the GT and influence its
generated power and efficiency by 1 and 2%, respectively. The HRSGs are provided
with a set of motor-operated valves that are installed in the steam and water lines.

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 ME419: CCPP - HRSG
There are three general configurations for HRSG:

 Single-circuit (one pressure) configurations are generally used at small and

medium capacities, with an exhaust gas temperature is 450 – 550 ℃.

 HRSG two-loop circuits (two pressure) are the most common, but regulating of
them are much more difficult to achieve. There is a pinch economizer,
evaporator, superheater for each circuit. There is the smallest temperature
difference between heating gases and water. Usually, the smallest
temperature difference is at the outlet of the evaporator. The temperature
difference is quite significant at the exit from the HRSG block, and if you need
to dispose of it, another block is added.

 HRSG three-loop circuits (three pressure) is able to increase plant efficiency

further. These configurations are used for powerful energy gas turbines with
high exhaust gas parameters where temperatures exceed 580 ℃.

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 ME419: CCPP - HRSG

Single Pressure HRSG Two Pressure HRSG

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 ME419: CCPP - HRSG

HRSG : Heat Recovery Steam Generator

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 ME419: CCPP - StartUP

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 ME419: CCPP - StartUP

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