1. Apuntes propulsión - Final 3.1.

Maximizing thrust, pe = pa coef fricc: cf = 1

τw
ρ u2
2 e e
2023 Q2 - by Miguel L.C. Stanton: St = qw
= 2f
c
  γ+1 ρe ue (hte −hw )
2 2(γ−1) γMe Enthalpy: h = hw + (hte − gw ) uue − 21 u
2. Rocket nozzles and thrust CFmat = q
γ+1 1 + γ−1 2
F = ṁu¯e + (p¯e − pa )Ae 2 Me 5.2. Pr ̸= 1
v " # Stanton: St =
cf
Linear nozzle: u¯e = sin α u  γ−1 2Pr0.6
α ue u 2 pc 2
=t
γ
Memat −1 adiab. wall enth.: haw = he + r u2e
Asymmetric nozzle: u¯e = 1+cos α
ue γ−1 pa c
if r ≈ 0.9: qw = ρe ue (haw − hw ) 2Pf0.6
2 r

2.1. Nozzle efficiency 3.2. SUMMERFIELD CRITERION, deta- 5.3. THE BARTZ HEAT FLUX FORMULA
ched if pe < 0.4pa
  γ−1 v " #
0.046 ρe u e D
u  γ−1 cf = ; Re =
u2e he ∼ he Te pe γ
u Re0.2
= 1− ∼ 2 pc µe
Me = t
γ
ηN = = 1− = 1− = 1− ′
2htc htc hc Tc pc −1
γ−1 0.4pa 0.026
qw = e cp (Taw − Tw )
(ρe ue )0.8 µ0.2
p 1 D0.2
ue = 2ηN htc ; Pjet = ṁ u2e = ṁηN htc ; A′e m̄(Mt = 1, γ)
2 = No variation of ρ:
√ R√ At m̄(Me′ , γ)
( 2ηN h dṁ)2   γ+1 qw 0.026
ηunif = R Rt ≤1 γMe′ + M1 ′ = 0.2 (ρe ue )0.8 µ0.2
2ηN dṁ ht dṁ 2 2(γ−1) pa A′e hg =
Taw − Tw D e cp
CFmat = q e
−
γ+1 1 + γ−1 ′2 p c At
2 Me Variation of ρ:
3. Ideal nozzle fluid mechanics
dV  0.8−0.2w
Ru cp F F − W − D = m(t) Te + Tw 0.026 Te
R= ; γ= ; CF = dt T̄ ≈ ; hg = 0.2 (ρe ue )0.8 µ0.2
e cp
MW cv pc At 2 D T̄
√
∗ p c At RTc F Cf c∗ 4. Oxidizer/Fuel feed systems and  0.8−0.2w  0.68
c = = ; Isp = = performance Te Te
ṁ m̄(Mt = 1, γ) ṁg g =
T̄ T̄
ṁue + Ae (pe − pa ) u e p e Ae p a Ae ṁ ṁf
CF = = ∗ + − ṁf = ; ul D l = Using continuity equation
pc At c p c At p c At 1 + O/F π ∗ Dt ρl
√
  γ+1 ṁ p c At RTc
ue 2 2(γ−1) Me 5. Convective heat transfer ρe u e = = ∗ ; c =∗
∗
= γ q 5.1. Pr = 1 A c A m̄(Mt = 1, γ)
c γ+1 1 + γ−1 2
2 Me  1.8  0.8−0.2w
0.026  pc 0.8
2
  γ−1 Tthroat = Tc Dt Te
γ+1 hg = 0.2 µ0.2
e cp
pc γ−1 2 γ
D c∗ D T̄
= 1+ Me
pe 2 u ht − htw
ũ = h̃ = 5.4. Calor a través de la pared
ue hte − htw
Ae m̄(Mt = 1, γ) F
= ; At = u K ∆T
At m̄(Me , γ) C f pc ht = hw + (hte − hw ) =µ qw = k
ue cp δ
CF = (CF )V −
pa m̄(Mt = 1, γ)
= (CF )V −
p a Ae   qw δ
pc m̄(Me , γ) p c At ∂u Twc = Twh −
τw = k
∂y w
    qw 0.026
K∂ht hte − hw ∂u hl = = 0.2 (ρl ul )0.8 µ0.2
l cp
qw = = Twc − Tl Dl
cp ∂y w ue ∂y w
6. Heat losses in nozzles 7. Resultados de interés
 
dS ≈ 2πR(x)dx   γ+1
1− 1
Z L ∂ (CF )v 2 2(γ−1) Me2
dx =  3
Qw = ṁ cp (Taw − Tw )2St ∂Me γ+1 γ−1 2 2
R(x) 1+ 2 Me
0
Using Taw ≈ Tc     γ+1    3−γ
  Z ∂ Ae 2 1
2(γ−1) γ − 1 2 2(γ−1)
Qw Tw L
dx = 1− 2 1+ Me
= 1− 2St ∂Me At γ+1 Me 2
ṁcp Tc Tc 0 R(x)   
∂ Ae ∂ (CF )v −1
6.1. Effect on performance β=
∂Me At ∂Me
    γ
u2e0 − ue2 γ − 1 2 γ−1 pc
ṁ < Qw β = 1+ Me →β=
2 2 pe
v  
u
ue u Qw 1
> u1 −
t   γ−1 8. Expresiones sacadas del aire
ue 0 ṁcp Tc pe γ Z
1 − pc t2
a − bt2
dt =
t1 c − dt
For the correction term, the undisturbed T (with no heat losses) will be used:
  t2
t2  
   γ−1 = + c/dt + (c/d)2 − a/b ln |t − c/d|
Tc − Tw Tc − Tw Tc ∼ Tw pc γ
2
= = 1− t1
T Tc T Tc p
Fuerza en un trozo de la tovera
  γ−1 "  Z x  γ−1 #
T p γ Tw pc γ dx ∆F = (CF,e − CF,int )pc At
= 1 − 2St 1 −
Tc pc Tc 0 p R

 γ−1   γ−1
pe γ pe γ
η0,e = 1 − ηx,e = 1 −
pc p(x)
2
 Z l  
ue Tw ηx,e dx
= 1 − 2St 1 −
u2e0 Tc 0 η0,e R