How to Build a Full Stack NFT Marketplace - V2 (2022)

#webdev#react#blockchain#web3

Building an NFT marketplace with Polygon, Next.js, Tailwind,

Solidity, Hardhat, Ethers.js, and IPFS
To view the video course for this tutorial, click here. To view Version 1 of this
tutorial, click here
In my last end to end Ethereum tutorial, The Complete Guide to Full Stack
Ethereum Development I introduced how to build a basic app on Ethereum using
modern tooling like Hardhat and Ethers.js.
In this guide you'll learn how to build, deploy, and test out a full stack NFT
marketplace on Ethereum. We'll also look at how to deploy to Polygon.
One thing that has become apparent is how quickly Ethereum scaling solutions
like Polygon, Arbitrum, and Optimism are gaining momentum and adoption. These
technologies enable developers to build the same applications they would directly
on Ethereum with the added benefits of lower gas costs and faster transaction
speeds among other things.
Because of the value proposition that these solutions offer combined with the
general lack of existing content, I will be building out various example projects
and tutorials for full stack applications using these various Ethereum scaling
solutions, starting with this one on Polygon.
To view the final source code for this project, visit this repo

Prerequisites
To be successful in this guide, you must have the following:
Node.js version 16.14.0 or greater installed on your machine. I recommend
installing Node using either nvm or fnm.
Metamask wallet extension installed as a browser extension

The stack
In this guide, we will build out a full stack application using:
Web application framework - Next.js
Solidity development environment - Hardhat
File Storage - IPFS
Ethereum Web Client Library - Ethers.js
Though it will not be part of this guide (coming in a separate post), we will look at
how to build a more robust API layer using The Graph Protocol to get around
limitations in the data access patterns provided by the native blockchain layer.

About the project

The project that we will be building will be Metaverse Marketplace - an NFT
marketplace.

When a user puts an NFT for sale, the ownership of the item will be transferred
from the creator to the marketplace contract.
When a user purchases an NFT, the purchase price will be transferred from the
buyer to the seller and the item will be transferred from the marketplace to the
buyer.
The marketplace owner will be able to set a listing fee. This fee will be taken from
the seller and transferred to the contract owner upon completion of any sale,
enabling the owner of the marketplace to earn recurring revenue from any sale
transacted in the marketplace.
The marketplace logic will consist of just one smart contract:
NFT Marketplace Contract - this contract allows users to mint NFTs and list them
in a marketplace.
I believe this is a good project because the tools, techniques, and ideas we will be
working with lay the foundation for many other types of applications on this stack
– dealing with things like payments, commissions, and transfers of ownership on
the contract level as well as how a client-side application would use this smart
contract to build a performant and nice-looking user interface.
In addition to the smart contract, I'll also show you how to build a subgraph to
make the querying of data from the smart contract more flexible and efficient. As
you will see, creating views on data sets and enabling various and performant data
access patterns is hard to do directly from a smart contract. The Graph makes this
much easier.

About Polygon
From the docs:
"Polygon is a protocol and a framework for building and connecting
Ethereum-compatible blockchain networks. Aggregating scalable solutions on
Ethereum supporting a multi-chain Ethereum ecosystem."
Polygon is about 10x faster than Ethereum & yet transactions are more than 10x
cheaper.
Ok cool, but what does all that mean?
To me it means that I can use the same knowledge, tools, and technologies I have
been using to build apps on Ethereum to build apps that are faster and cheaper for
users, providing not only a better user experience but also opening the door for
many types of applications that just would not be feasible to be built directly on
Ethereum.
As mentioned before, there are many other Ethereum scaling solutions such
as Arbitrumand Optimism that are also in a similar space. Most of these scaling
solutions have technical differences and fall into various categories
like sidechains , layer 2s, and state channels.
Polygon recently rebranded from Matic so you will also see the word Matic used
interchangeably when referring to various parts of their ecosystem because the
name still is being used in various places, like their token and network names.
To learn more about Polygon, check out this post as well as their
documentation here.
Now that we have an overview of the project and related technologies, let's start
building!

Project setup
To get started, we'll create a new Next.js app. To do so, open your terminal. Create
or change into a new empty directory and run the following command:
npx create-next-app nft-marketplace

Next, change into the new directory and install the dependencies using a package
manager like npm, yarn, or pnpm:
cd nft-marketplace

npm install ethers hardhat @nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle \

ethereum-waffle chai @nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers \
web3modal @openzeppelin/contracts ipfs-http-client \
axios

Setting up Tailwind CSS

We'll be using Tailwind CSS for styling, we we will set that up in this step.
Tailwind is a utility-first CSS framework that makes it easy to add styling and
create good looking websites without a lot of work.
Next, install the Tailwind dependencies:
npm install -D tailwindcss@latest postcss@latest autoprefixer@latest

Next, we will create the configuration files needed for Tailwind to work with
Next.js (tailwind.config.js and postcss.config.js) by running the following command:
npx tailwindcss init -p

Next, configure your template content paths in tailwind.config.js:

/* tailwind.config.js */
module.exports = {
 content: [
"./pages/**/*.{js,ts,jsx,tsx}",
"./components/**/*.{js,ts,jsx,tsx}",
],
theme: {
extend: {},
},
plugins: [],
}

Finally, delete the code in styles/globals.css and update it with the following:

@tailwind base;
@tailwind components;
@tailwind utilities;

Configuring Hardhat
Next, initialize a new Hardhat development environment from the root of your
project:
npx hardhat

? What do you want to do? Create a basic sample project

? Hardhat project root: <Choose default path>

If you get an error referencing your README.md, delete README.md and

run npx hardhat again.
Now you should see the following files and folders created for you in your root
directory:
hardhat.config.js - The entirety of your Hardhat setup (i.e. your config, plugins,
and custom tasks) is contained in this file.
scripts - A folder containing a script named sample-script.js that will deploy your
smart contract when executed
test - A folder containing an example testing script
contracts - A folder holding an example Solidity smart contract
Next, update the configuration at hardhat.config.js with the following:
View the gist here
/* hardhat.config.js */
require("@nomiclabs/hardhat-waffle")

module.exports = {
defaultNetwork: "hardhat",
networks: {
hardhat: {
chainId: 1337
},
// unused configuration commented out for now
// mumbai: {
// url: "https://rpc-mumbai.maticvigil.com",
// accounts: [process.env.privateKey]
// }
},
solidity: {
version: "0.8.4",
settings: {
optimizer: {
enabled: true,
runs: 200
}
}
}
}

In this configuration, we've configured the local Hardhat development environment

as well as the Mumbai testnet (commented out for now).
You can read more about both Matic networks here.

Smart Contract
Next, we'll create our smart contract!
In this file I'll do my best to comment within the code everything that is going on.
Create a new file in the contracts directory named NFTMarketplace.sol. Here, add
the following code:
View the gist here
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.4;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Counters.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/extensions/ERC721URIStorage.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC721/ERC721.sol";

import "hardhat/console.sol";

contract NFTMarketplace is ERC721URIStorage {

using Counters for Counters.Counter;
Counters.Counter private _tokenIds;
Counters.Counter private _itemsSold;

uint256 listingPrice = 0.025 ether;

address payable owner;

mapping(uint256 => MarketItem) private idToMarketItem;

struct MarketItem {
uint256 tokenId;
address payable seller;
address payable owner;
uint256 price;
bool sold;
}
 event MarketItemCreated (
uint256 indexed tokenId,
address seller,
address owner,
uint256 price,
bool sold
);

constructor() ERC721("Metaverse Tokens", "METT") {

owner = payable(msg.sender);
}

/* Updates the listing price of the contract */

function updateListingPrice(uint _listingPrice) public payable {
require(owner == msg.sender, "Only marketplace owner can update listing price.");
listingPrice = _listingPrice;
}

/* Returns the listing price of the contract */

function getListingPrice() public view returns (uint256) {
return listingPrice;
}

/* Mints a token and lists it in the marketplace */

function createToken(string memory tokenURI, uint256 price) public payable returns
(uint) {
_tokenIds.increment();
uint256 newTokenId = _tokenIds.current();

_mint(msg.sender, newTokenId);
 _setTokenURI(newTokenId, tokenURI);
createMarketItem(newTokenId, price);
return newTokenId;
}

function createMarketItem(
uint256 tokenId,
uint256 price
) private {
require(price > 0, "Price must be at least 1 wei");
require(msg.value == listingPrice, "Price must be equal to listing price");

idToMarketItem[tokenId] = MarketItem(
tokenId,
payable(msg.sender),
payable(address(this)),
price,
false
);

_transfer(msg.sender, address(this), tokenId);

emit MarketItemCreated(
tokenId,
msg.sender,
address(this),
price,
false
);
}
 /* allows someone to resell a token they have purchased */
function resellToken(uint256 tokenId, uint256 price) public payable {
require(idToMarketItem[tokenId].owner == msg.sender, "Only item owner can perform
this operation");
require(msg.value == listingPrice, "Price must be equal to listing price");
idToMarketItem[tokenId].sold = false;
idToMarketItem[tokenId].price = price;
idToMarketItem[tokenId].seller = payable(msg.sender);
idToMarketItem[tokenId].owner = payable(address(this));
_itemsSold.decrement();

_transfer(msg.sender, address(this), tokenId);

}

/* Creates the sale of a marketplace item */

/* Transfers ownership of the item, as well as funds between parties */
function createMarketSale(
uint256 tokenId
) public payable {
uint price = idToMarketItem[tokenId].price;
address seller = idToMarketItem[tokenId].seller;
require(msg.value == price, "Please submit the asking price in order to complete the
purchase");
idToMarketItem[tokenId].owner = payable(msg.sender);
idToMarketItem[tokenId].sold = true;
idToMarketItem[tokenId].seller = payable(address(0));
_itemsSold.increment();
_transfer(address(this), msg.sender, tokenId);
payable(owner).transfer(listingPrice);
payable(seller).transfer(msg.value);
}
/* Returns all unsold market items */
function fetchMarketItems() public view returns (MarketItem[] memory) {
uint itemCount = _tokenIds.current();
uint unsoldItemCount = _tokenIds.current() - _itemsSold.current();
uint currentIndex = 0;

MarketItem[] memory items = new MarketItem[](unsoldItemCount);

for (uint i = 0; i < itemCount; i++) {
if (idToMarketItem[i + 1].owner == address(this)) {
uint currentId = i + 1;
MarketItem storage currentItem = idToMarketItem[currentId];
items[currentIndex] = currentItem;
currentIndex += 1;
}
}
return items;
}

/* Returns only items that a user has purchased */

function fetchMyNFTs() public view returns (MarketItem[] memory) {
uint totalItemCount = _tokenIds.current();
uint itemCount = 0;
uint currentIndex = 0;

for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemCount; i++) {

if (idToMarketItem[i + 1].owner == msg.sender) {
itemCount += 1;
}
}
 MarketItem[] memory items = new MarketItem[](itemCount);
for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemCount; i++) {
if (idToMarketItem[i + 1].owner == msg.sender) {
uint currentId = i + 1;
MarketItem storage currentItem = idToMarketItem[currentId];
items[currentIndex] = currentItem;
currentIndex += 1;
}
}
return items;
}

/* Returns only items a user has listed */

function fetchItemsListed() public view returns (MarketItem[] memory) {
uint totalItemCount = _tokenIds.current();
uint itemCount = 0;
uint currentIndex = 0;

for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemCount; i++) {

if (idToMarketItem[i + 1].seller == msg.sender) {
itemCount += 1;
}
}

MarketItem[] memory items = new MarketItem[](itemCount);

for (uint i = 0; i < totalItemCount; i++) {
if (idToMarketItem[i + 1].seller == msg.sender) {
uint currentId = i + 1;
MarketItem storage currentItem = idToMarketItem[currentId];
 items[currentIndex] = currentItem;
currentIndex += 1;
}
}
return items;
}
}

In this contract we are inheriting from the ERC721 standard implemented

by OpenZepplin
Now the smart contract code and environment is complete and we can try testing it
out.
To do so, we can create a local test to run through much of the functionality, like
minting a token, putting it up for sale, selling it to a user, and querying for tokens.
To create the test, open test/sample-test.js and update it with the following code:
View the gist here
/* test/sample-test.js */
describe("NFTMarket", function() {
it("Should create and execute market sales", async function() {
/* deploy the marketplace */
const NFTMarketplace = await ethers.getContractFactory("NFTMarketplace")
const nftMarketplace = await NFTMarketplace.deploy()
await nftMarketplace.deployed()

let listingPrice = await nftMarketplace.getListingPrice()

listingPrice = listingPrice.toString()

const auctionPrice = ethers.utils.parseUnits('1', 'ether')

/* create two tokens */

await nftMarketplace.createToken("https://www.mytokenlocation.com", auctionPrice,
{ value: listingPrice })
 await nftMarketplace.createToken("https://www.mytokenlocation2.com", auctionPrice,
{ value: listingPrice })

const [_, buyerAddress] = await ethers.getSigners()

/* execute sale of token to another user */

await nftMarketplace.connect(buyerAddress).createMarketSale(1, { value: auctionPrice })

/* resell a token */
await nftMarketplace.connect(buyerAddress).resellToken(1, auctionPrice, { value:
listingPrice })

/* query for and return the unsold items */

items = await nftMarketplace.fetchMarketItems()
items = await Promise.all(items.map(async i => {
const tokenUri = await nftMarketplace.tokenURI(i.tokenId)
let item = {
price: i.price.toString(),
tokenId: i.tokenId.toString(),
seller: i.seller,
owner: i.owner,
tokenUri
}
return item
}))
console.log('items: ', items)
})
})

Next, run the test from your command line:

npx hardhat test
If the test runs successfully, it should log out an array containing the two
marketplace items.

Building the front end

Now that the smart contract is working and ready to go, we can start building out
the UI.
The first thing we might think about is setting up a layout so that we can enable
some navigation that will persist across all pages.
To set this up, open pages/_app.js and update it with the following code:
View the gist here
/* pages/_app.js */
import '../styles/globals.css'
import Link from 'next/link'

function MyApp({ Component, pageProps }) {

return (
<div>
<nav className="border-b p-6">
<p className="text-4xl font-bold">Metaverse Marketplace</p>
<div className="flex mt-4">
<Link href="/">
<a className="mr-4 text-pink-500">
Home
</a>
</Link>
<Link href="/create-nft">
<a className="mr-6 text-pink-500">
Sell NFT
</a>
</Link>
<Link href="/my-nfts">
<a className="mr-6 text-pink-500">
My NFTs
</a>
</Link>
<Link href="/dashboard">
<a className="mr-6 text-pink-500">
Dashboard
</a>
 </Link>
</div>
</nav>
<Component {...pageProps} />
</div>
)
}

export default MyApp

The navigation has links for the home route as well as a page to sell an NFT, view
the NFTs you have purchased, and a dashboard to see the NFTs you've listed.
Querying the contract for marketplace items
The next page we'll update is pages/index.js. This is the main entry-point of the
app, and will be the view where we query for the NFTs for sale and render them to
the screen.
View the gist here
/* pages/index.js */
import { ethers } from 'ethers'
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
import axios from 'axios'
import Web3Modal from 'web3modal'

import {
marketplaceAddress
} from '../config'

import NFTMarketplace from

'../artifacts/contracts/NFTMarketplace.sol/NFTMarketplace.json'

export default function Home() {

const [nfts, setNfts] = useState([])
const [loadingState, setLoadingState] = useState('not-loaded')
useEffect(() => {
loadNFTs()
}, [])
async function loadNFTs() {
/* create a generic provider and query for unsold market items */
const provider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider()
const contract = new ethers.Contract(marketplaceAddress, NFTMarketplace.abi, provider)
const data = await contract.fetchMarketItems()

/*
* map over items returned from smart contract and format
* them as well as fetch their token metadata
*/
const items = await Promise.all(data.map(async i => {
const tokenUri = await contract.tokenURI(i.tokenId)
const meta = await axios.get(tokenUri)
let price = ethers.utils.formatUnits(i.price.toString(), 'ether')
let item = {
price,
tokenId: i.tokenId.toNumber(),
seller: i.seller,
owner: i.owner,
image: meta.data.image,
name: meta.data.name,
description: meta.data.description,
}
return item
}))
setNfts(items)
 setLoadingState('loaded')
}
async function buyNft(nft) {
/* needs the user to sign the transaction, so will use Web3Provider and sign it */
const web3Modal = new Web3Modal()
const connection = await web3Modal.connect()
const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(connection)
const signer = provider.getSigner()
const contract = new ethers.Contract(marketplaceAddress, NFTMarketplace.abi, signer)

/* user will be prompted to pay the asking proces to complete the transaction */
const price = ethers.utils.parseUnits(nft.price.toString(), 'ether')
const transaction = await contract.createMarketSale(nft.tokenId, {
value: price
})
await transaction.wait()
loadNFTs()
}
if (loadingState === 'loaded' && !nfts.length) return (<h1 className="px-20 py-10 text-
3xl">No items in marketplace</h1>)
return (
<div className="flex justify-center">
<div className="px-4" style={{ maxWidth: '1600px' }}>
<div className="grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4 gap-4 pt-4">
{
nfts.map((nft, i) => (
<div key={i} className="border shadow rounded-xl overflow-hidden">
<img src={nft.image} />
<div className="p-4">
<p style={{ height: '64px' }} className="text-2xl
font-semibold">{nft.name}</p>
 <div style={{ height: '70px', overflow: 'hidden' }}>
<p className="text-gray-400">{nft.description}</p>
</div>
</div>
<div className="p-4 bg-black">
<p className="text-2xl font-bold text-white">{nft.price} ETH</p>
<button className="mt-4 w-full bg-pink-500 text-white font-bold py-2 px-12
rounded" onClick={() => buyNft(nft)}>Buy</button>
</div>
</div>
))
}
</div>
</div>
</div>
)
}

When the page loads, we query the smart contract for any NFTs that are still for
sale and render them to the screen along with metadata about the items and a
button for purchasing them.
Creating and listing NFTs
Next, let's create the page that allows users to create and list NFTs.
There are a few things happening in this page:
The user is able to upload and save files to IPFS
The user is able to create a new NFT
The user is able to set metadata and price of item and list it for sale on the
marketplace
After the user creates and lists an item, they are re-routed to the main page to view
all of the items for sale.
View the gist here
/* pages/create-nft.js */
import { useState } from 'react'
import { ethers } from 'ethers'
import { create as ipfsHttpClient } from 'ipfs-http-client'
import { useRouter } from 'next/router'
import Web3Modal from 'web3modal'

const client = ipfsHttpClient('https://ipfs.infura.io:5001/api/v0')

import {
marketplaceAddress
} from '../config'

import NFTMarketplace from

'../artifacts/contracts/NFTMarketplace.sol/NFTMarketplace.json'

export default function CreateItem() {

const [fileUrl, setFileUrl] = useState(null)
const [formInput, updateFormInput] = useState({ price: '', name: '', description: '' })
const router = useRouter()

async function onChange(e) {

/* upload image to IPFS */
const file = e.target.files[0]
try {
const added = await client.add(
file,
{
progress: (prog) => console.log(`received: ${prog}`)
}
)
const url = `https://ipfs.infura.io/ipfs/${added.path}`
 setFileUrl(url)
} catch (error) {
console.log('Error uploading file: ', error)
}
}
async function uploadToIPFS() {
const { name, description, price } = formInput
if (!name || !description || !price || !fileUrl) return
/* first, upload metadata to IPFS */
const data = JSON.stringify({
name, description, image: fileUrl
})
try {
const added = await client.add(data)
const url = `https://ipfs.infura.io/ipfs/${added.path}`
/* after metadata is uploaded to IPFS, return the URL to use it in the transaction */
return url
} catch (error) {
console.log('Error uploading file: ', error)
}
}

async function listNFTForSale() {

const url = await uploadToIPFS()
const web3Modal = new Web3Modal()
const connection = await web3Modal.connect()
const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(connection)
const signer = provider.getSigner()

/* create the NFT */

 const price = ethers.utils.parseUnits(formInput.price, 'ether')
let contract = new ethers.Contract(marketplaceAddress, NFTMarketplace.abi, signer)
let listingPrice = await contract.getListingPrice()
listingPrice = listingPrice.toString()
let transaction = await contract.createToken(url, price, { value: listingPrice })
await transaction.wait()

router.push('/')
}

return (
<div className="flex justify-center">
<div className="w-1/2 flex flex-col pb-12">
<input
placeholder="Asset Name"
className="mt-8 border rounded p-4"
onChange={e => updateFormInput({ ...formInput, name: e.target.value })}
/>
<textarea
placeholder="Asset Description"
className="mt-2 border rounded p-4"
onChange={e => updateFormInput({ ...formInput, description: e.target.value })}
/>
<input
placeholder="Asset Price in Eth"
className="mt-2 border rounded p-4"
onChange={e => updateFormInput({ ...formInput, price: e.target.value })}
/>
<input
type="file"
 name="Asset"
className="my-4"
onChange={onChange}
/>
{
fileUrl && (
<img className="rounded mt-4" width="350" src={fileUrl} />
)
}
<button onClick={listNFTForSale} className="font-bold mt-4 bg-pink-500 text-white
rounded p-4 shadow-lg">
Create NFT
</button>
</div>
</div>
)
}

Viewing only the NFTs purchased by the user

In the NFTMarketplace.sol smart contract, we created a function
named fetchMyNFTs that only returns the NFTs owned by the user.
In pages/my-nfts.js, we will use that function to fetch and render them.
This functionality is different than the query main pages/index.js page because we
need to ask the user for their address and use it in the contract, so the user will have
to sign the transaction for it to be able to fetch them properly.
View the gist here
/* pages/my-nfts.js */
import { ethers } from 'ethers'
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
import axios from 'axios'
import Web3Modal from 'web3modal'
import { useRouter } from 'next/router'
import {
marketplaceAddress
} from '../config'

import NFTMarketplace from

'../artifacts/contracts/NFTMarketplace.sol/NFTMarketplace.json'

export default function MyAssets() {

const [nfts, setNfts] = useState([])
const [loadingState, setLoadingState] = useState('not-loaded')
const router = useRouter()
useEffect(() => {
loadNFTs()
}, [])
async function loadNFTs() {
const web3Modal = new Web3Modal({
network: "mainnet",
cacheProvider: true,
})
const connection = await web3Modal.connect()
const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(connection)
const signer = provider.getSigner()

const marketplaceContract = new ethers.Contract(marketplaceAddress,

NFTMarketplace.abi, signer)
const data = await marketplaceContract.fetchMyNFTs()

const items = await Promise.all(data.map(async i => {

const tokenURI = await marketplaceContract.tokenURI(i.tokenId)
const meta = await axios.get(tokenURI)
 let price = ethers.utils.formatUnits(i.price.toString(), 'ether')
let item = {
price,
tokenId: i.tokenId.toNumber(),
seller: i.seller,
owner: i.owner,
image: meta.data.image,
tokenURI
}
return item
}))
setNfts(items)
setLoadingState('loaded')
}
function listNFT(nft) {
router.push(`/resell-nft?id=${nft.tokenId}&tokenURI=${nft.tokenURI}`)
}
if (loadingState === 'loaded' && !nfts.length) return (<h1 className="py-10 px-20 text-
3xl">No NFTs owned</h1>)
return (
<div className="flex justify-center">
<div className="p-4">
<div className="grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4 gap-4 pt-4">
{
nfts.map((nft, i) => (
<div key={i} className="border shadow rounded-xl overflow-hidden">
<img src={nft.image} className="rounded" />
<div className="p-4 bg-black">
<p className="text-2xl font-bold text-white">Price - {nft.price} Eth</p>
<button className="mt-4 w-full bg-pink-500 text-white font-bold py-2 px-12
rounded" onClick={() => listNFT(nft)}>List</button>
 </div>
</div>
))
}
</div>
</div>
</div>
)
}

Dashboard
The next page we will be creating is the dashboard that will allow users to view all
of the items they have listed.
This page will be using the fetchItemsListed function from
the NFTMarketplace.sol smart contract which returns only the items that match the
address of the user making the function call.
Create a new file called dashboard.js in the pages directory with the following
code:
View the gist here
/* pages/dashboard.js */
import { ethers } from 'ethers'
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
import axios from 'axios'
import Web3Modal from 'web3modal'

import {
marketplaceAddress
} from '../config'

import NFTMarketplace from

'../artifacts/contracts/NFTMarketplace.sol/NFTMarketplace.json'
export default function CreatorDashboard() {
const [nfts, setNfts] = useState([])
const [loadingState, setLoadingState] = useState('not-loaded')
useEffect(() => {
loadNFTs()
}, [])
async function loadNFTs() {
const web3Modal = new Web3Modal({
network: 'mainnet',
cacheProvider: true,
})
const connection = await web3Modal.connect()
const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(connection)
const signer = provider.getSigner()

const contract = new ethers.Contract(marketplaceAddress, NFTMarketplace.abi, signer)

const data = await contract.fetchItemsListed()

const items = await Promise.all(data.map(async i => {

const tokenUri = await contract.tokenURI(i.tokenId)
const meta = await axios.get(tokenUri)
let price = ethers.utils.formatUnits(i.price.toString(), 'ether')
let item = {
price,
tokenId: i.tokenId.toNumber(),
seller: i.seller,
owner: i.owner,
image: meta.data.image,
}
return item
 }))

setNfts(items)
setLoadingState('loaded')
}
if (loadingState === 'loaded' && !nfts.length) return (<h1 className="py-10 px-20 text-
3xl">No NFTs listed</h1>)
return (
<div>
<div className="p-4">
<h2 className="text-2xl py-2">Items Listed</h2>
<div className="grid grid-cols-1 sm:grid-cols-2 lg:grid-cols-4 gap-4 pt-4">
{
nfts.map((nft, i) => (
<div key={i} className="border shadow rounded-xl overflow-hidden">
<img src={nft.image} className="rounded" />
<div className="p-4 bg-black">
<p className="text-2xl font-bold text-white">Price - {nft.price} Eth</p>
</div>
</div>
))
}
</div>
</div>
</div>
)
}

Reselling a token
The final page we will be creating will allow users to resell an NFT they've
purchased from someone else.
This page will be using the resellToken function from
the NFTMarketplace.sol smart contract.
View the gist here
/* pages/resell-nft.js */
import { useEffect, useState } from 'react'
import { ethers } from 'ethers'
import { useRouter } from 'next/router'
import axios from 'axios'
import Web3Modal from 'web3modal'

import {
marketplaceAddress
} from '../config'

import NFTMarketplace from

'../artifacts/contracts/NFTMarketplace.sol/NFTMarketplace.json'

export default function ResellNFT() {

const [formInput, updateFormInput] = useState({ price: '', image: '' })
const router = useRouter()
const { id, tokenURI } = router.query
const { image, price } = formInput

useEffect(() => {
fetchNFT()
}, [id])

async function fetchNFT() {

if (!tokenURI) return
const meta = await axios.get(tokenURI)
updateFormInput(state => ({ ...state, image: meta.data.image }))
}

async function listNFTForSale() {

if (!price) return
const web3Modal = new Web3Modal()
const connection = await web3Modal.connect()
const provider = new ethers.providers.Web3Provider(connection)
const signer = provider.getSigner()

const priceFormatted = ethers.utils.parseUnits(formInput.price, 'ether')

let contract = new ethers.Contract(marketplaceAddress, NFTMarketplace.abi, signer)
let listingPrice = await contract.getListingPrice()

listingPrice = listingPrice.toString()
let transaction = await contract.resellToken(id, priceFormatted, { value: listingPrice })
await transaction.wait()

router.push('/')
}

return (
<div className="flex justify-center">
<div className="w-1/2 flex flex-col pb-12">
<input
placeholder="Asset Price in Eth"
className="mt-2 border rounded p-4"
onChange={e => updateFormInput({ ...formInput, price: e.target.value })}
/>
{
image && (
 <img className="rounded mt-4" width="350" src={image} />
)
}
<button onClick={listNFTForSale} className="font-bold mt-4 bg-pink-500 text-white
rounded p-4 shadow-lg">
List NFT
</button>
</div>
</div>
)
}

Running the project

To run the project, we will need to have a deploy script to deploy the smart
contracts to the blockchain network.
Deploying the contracts to a local network
When we created the project, Hardhat created an example deployment script
at scripts/sample-script.js.
To make the purpose of this script more clear, update the name of scripts/sample-
script.js to scripts/deploy.js.
Next, update scripts/deploy.js with the following code:
const hre = require("hardhat");
const fs = require('fs');

async function main() {

const NFTMarketplace = await hre.ethers.getContractFactory("NFTMarketplace");
const nftMarketplace = await NFTMarketplace.deploy();
await nftMarketplace.deployed();
console.log("nftMarketplace deployed to:", nftMarketplace.address);

fs.writeFileSync('./config.js', `
export const marketplaceAddress = "${nftMarketplace.address}"
 `)
}

main()
.then(() => process.exit(0))
.catch((error) => {
console.error(error);
process.exit(1);
});

This script will deploy the contract to the blockchain network and create a file
named config.js that will hold the address of the smart contract after it's been
deployed.
We will first test this on a local network, then deploy it to the Mumbai testnet.
To spin up a local network, open your terminal and run the following command:
npx hardhat node

This should create a local network with 20 accounts.

Next, keep the node running and open a separate terminal window to deploy the
contract.
In a separate window, run the following command:
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network localhost

When the deployment is complete, the CLI should print out the address of the
contract that was deployed:

You should also see the config.js file populated with this smart contract address.
Importing accounts into MetaMask
You can import the accounts created by the node into your Metamask wallet to try
out in the app.
Each of these accounts is seeded with 10000 ETH.
To import one of these accounts, first switch your MetaMask wallet network to
Localhost 8545.

Next, in MetaMask click on Import Account from the accounts menu:

Copy then paste one of the Private Keys logged out by the CLI and click Import.
Once the account is imported, you should see some the Eth in the account:
I'd suggest doing this with 2 or 3 accounts so that you have the ability to test out
the various functionality between users.
Running the app
Now we can test out the app!
To start the app, run the following command in your CLI:
npm run dev
To test everything out, try listing an item for sale, then switching to another
account and purchasing it.

Deploying to Polygon
Now that we have the project up and running and tested locally, let's deploy to
Polygon. We'll start by deploying to Mumbai, the Polygon test network.
The first thing we will need to do is save one of our private keys from our wallet as
an environment variable.
To get the private key, you can use one of the private keys given to you by Hardhat
or you can export them directly from MetaMask.

If you are on a Mac, you can set an environment variable from the command line
like so (be sure to run the deploy script from this same terminal and session):
export privateKey="your-private-key"
Private keys are never meant to be shared publicly under any circumstance. It is
advised never to hardcode a private key in a file. If you do choose to do so, be sure
to use a testing wallet and to never under any circumstances push a file containing
a private key to source control or expose it publicly.

Configuring the network

Next, we need to switch from the local test network to the Mumbai Testnet.
To do so, we need to create and set the network configuration.
First, open MetaMask and click on Settings.

Next, click on Networks and then Add Network:

Here, we will add the following configurations for the Mumbai test network as
listed here:
Network Name: Mumbai TestNet
New RPC URL: https://rpc-mumbai.maticvigil.com
Chain ID: 80001
Currency Symbol: Matic
Save this, then you should be able to switch to and use the new network!
Finally, you will need some testnet Matic tokens in order to interact with the
applications.
To get these, you can visit the Matic Faucet, inputting the address of the wallets
that you would like to request the tokens.

Deploying to the Matic / Polygon network

Now that you have some Matic tokens, you can deploy to the Polygon network!
To do so, be sure that the address associated with the private key you are deploying
your contract with has received some Matic tokens in order to pay the gas fees for
the transaction.
Also, be sure to uncomment the mumbai configuration in hardhat.config.js:
mumbai: {
url: "https://rpc-mumbai.maticvigil.com",
accounts: [process.env.privateKey]
}

To deploy to Matic, run the following command:

npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network mumbai

If you run a deployment error, the public RPC may be congested. In production, it's
recommended to use an RPC provider like Infura, Alchemy, Quicknode,
or Figment DataHub.
Once the contracts have been deployed, update the loadNFTs function call
in pages/index.js to include the new RPC endpoint:
/* pages/index.js */

/* old provider */
const provider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider()

/* new provider */
const provider = new ethers.providers.JsonRpcProvider("https://rpc-
mumbai.maticvigil.com")

You should now be able to update the contract addresses in your project and test on
the new network 🎉!
npm run dev

If you run into an error, the contract address printed out to the console by hardhat
could be incorrect due to a bug I've run into recently. You can get the correct
contract addresses by visiting https://mumbai.polygonscan.com/ and pasting in the
address from which the contracts were deployed to see the most recent transactions
and getting the contract addresses from the transaction data.
Deploying to Mainnet
To deploy to the main Matic / Polygon network, you can use the same steps we set
up for the Mumbai test network.
The main difference is that you'll need to use an endpoint for Matic as well as
import the network into your MetaMask wallet as listed here.
An example update in your project to make this happen might look like this:
/* hardhat.config.js */

/* adding Matic main network config to existing config */

...
matic: {
url: "https://rpc-mainnet.maticvigil.com",
accounts: [privateKey]
}
...

Public RPCs like the one listed above may have traffic or rate-limits depending on
usage. You can sign up for a dedicated free RPC URL using services like Infura,
MaticVigil, QuickNode, Alchemy, Chainstack, or Ankr.
For example, using something like Infura:
url: `https://polygon-mainnet.infura.io/v3/${infuraId}`

To view the final source code for this project, visit this repo

Next steps
Congratulations! You've deployed a non-trivial app to Polygon.
The coolest thing about working with solutions like Polygon is how little extra
work or learning I had to do compared to building directly on Ethereum. Almost all
of the APIs and tooling in these layer 2's and sidechains remain the same, making
any skills transferable across various platforms like Polygon.
For the next steps, I'd suggest porting over the queries implemented in this app
using The Graph. The Graph will open up many more data access patterns
including things like pagination, filtering, and sorting which are necessary for any
real-world application.
I will also be publishing a tutorial showing how to use Polygon with The Graph in
the coming weeks.