PROJECT REPORT - 1

ON
A STUDY ON CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR ON FMCG
PRODUCTS WITH REFERENCE TO SANITIZATION

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD

OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF COMMERCE [HONS.]

Submitted To:

Submitted By: Prakhar Gupta

Class:- Semester IV
Section:- Evening Batch

(Yashkant Teotia) Enrollment No. : 02021288821

(Professor )

BATCH 2021-2024
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Maharaja Surajmal Institute
Recognized by UGC u/s 2(f), NAAC Accredited ‘A’ Grade
Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi C-4
Janakpuri, New Delhi-110058
 CERTIFICATE

I, Mr. Prakhar Gupta, Roll No. 02021288821 certify that the Minor
Project Report (Paper Code: B.COM 112) entitled “A study on consumer
behaviour on fmcg products with reference to sanitization” is done by me
and it is an authentic work carried out by me. The matter embodied in this
has not been submitted earlier for the award of any degree or diploma to
the best of my knowledge and belief.

Signature of the Student

This is to certify that Project Report entitled “A study on consumer

behaviour on fmcg products with reference to sanitization” which is
submitted by Prakhar Gupta in partial fulfilment of the requirement for
the award of degree Bachelors of Commerce to Maharaja Surajmal
Institute Affiliated to Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, C-4,
Janakpuri, New Delhi-110058 is a record of the candidate own work
carried out by him under my supervision. The matter embodied in this
report is original and has not been submitted for the award of any other
degree.

Signature of the Guide:

Name of the Guide: Mr. Yashkant Teotia
DESIGNATION: PROFESSOR
 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

Introduction

1. Sanitization is a preventive and strategic method to contain the spread of

SARS-CoV2. Since there is no foolproof method to tackle the present
COVID-19 pandemic, sanitization has a central role to play.

1.2. The study of consumer helps firms and organization improve their
marketing strategies by understanding the psychology of consumers, how
they think, feel, reason, and select between different alternatives (e.g.,
brands, products ; the psychology of how the consumer is influenced by his
or her environment (e.g.,culture, family, signs, media).The “consumer”
includes both personal consumers and business/industrial/organizational
consumers. Fast moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) goods are popularly
named as consumer package goods. Items in this category include all
consumables (other than groceries/pulses) that people buy at regular
intervals. The most common in this list are sanitizer, toilet soaps, detergents,
shampoos, toothpaste, shaving products. These items are meant for daily use
of frequent consumption and have a high return. The sector is divided into
two distinct segments.
 The premium segment catering mostly to the urban upper middle class and
the popular segment with prices as low as 40x of the premium segment.
 FMCG products are relatively small, they generally sell in large quantities,
so the cumulative profits on such products can be large.

Objectives-
To study the consumer behavior on Sanitizers.
To analyse the usage of sanitizer in an organization.
To analyse the consumer behavior towards brand consciousness.
To identify the most popular type of sanitizer used by an individual.
 
1.3. FMCG Concept and Definition:

The term FMCG (fast moving consumer goods), although popular and frequently
used does not have a standard definition and is generally used in India to
refer to products of everyday use. Conceptually, however, the term

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refers to relatively fast moving items that are used directly by the consumer.
Thus, a significant gap exists between the general use and the conceptual meaning of the
term FMCG.

Further, difficulties crop up when attempts to devise a definition for FMCG. The
problem arises because the concept has a retail orientation and distinguishes between
consumer products on the basis of how quickly they move at the retailer's shelves.
The moot question therefore, is what industry turnaround threshold should be for the
item to qualify as an FMCG. Should the turn around happen daily, weekly, or monthly.
one of the factors on which the turnaround depends is the purchase cycle.

However, the purchase cycle for the same product tend to vary across

population segments. Many low income households are forced to buy certain
products more frequently because of lack of liquidity and storage space while
relatively high income households buy the same products more infrequently.
similarly, the purchase cycle also tends to vary because of cultural factors. Most
Indians, typically, prefer fresh food articles and therefore to buy relatively small
quantities more frequently. This is in sharp contrast with what happens in most
western countries, where the practice of buying and socking foods for relatively
longer period is more prevalent. Thus, should the inventory turnaround threshold be
universal, or should it allow for income, cultural and behavioral nuances?

1.4. Characteristics of FMCG Products:

• Individual items are of small value. But all FMCG products put together account for
a significant part of the consumer0s budget.

• The consumer keeps limited inventory of these products and prefers to purchase
them frequently, as and when required. Many of these products are perishable.

• The consumer spends little time on the purchase decision. rarely does he2shelook
for technical specifications (in contrast to industrial goods). /rand loyalties or
recommendations of reliable retailer2dealer drive purchase decisions.

•T r i a l   o f   a   n e w   p r o d u c t   i . e .   b r a n d   s w i t c h i n g   i s   o f t e n   i n t r o
d u c e d   b y   h e a v y advertisement, recommendation of the retailer or neighbors/friends.

• These products cater to necessities, comforts as well as luxuries. They meet the
demands of the entire cross section of population. price and income elasticity of
demand varies across products and consumers.

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 2. Importance of consumer sales promotion:-

The importance of consumer sales promotion in the marketing mix of the

fastmoving   cons umer   goods  (F M CG )   category  throughout   the  w orld  h
as   increas ed. Companies spend considerable time in planning such activities.
However, in order to enhance the effectivenes s of thes e activiti es ,
manufacturers should unders tand consumer and retailer interpretations
of their promotional activities. The study here pertains to consumer's
perceptions regarding sales promotion. Some past researches have suggested that
promotion itself has an effect on the perceived value of the brand.This is because
promotions provide utilitarian benefits such as monetary savings, added v a l u e ,
increased quality and convenience as well as hedonic benefits
s u c h a s entertainment, exploration and self expression.

Broadly speaking most of the companies using Marketing Mix which

includes…
Price
Place (Channel of Distribution)
Product
Promotion

These are the four basic pillar of marketing mix. Most of the marketing strategies are
built on the basis of these criteria.

Promotion is one of the important elements of marketing mix.

There are so many elements of promotion such as :

Advertising
Direct Marketing
Public Relations

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 3. Sales Promotion

Traditionally, sales promotions have been used by marketer to increase sales in the
short term. however, in the last few decades this communication tool has evolved and
now is considered from a strategic point of view. For this reason, it is necessary to
realize new studies in this area and study how consumers evaluate sales promotions.

Sales promotions have grown in both importance and frequency over the past few
decades. Although an accurate estimate for total sales promotions
expenditures does not exist, we can be sure that the trend is up.

Sales promotion serves three essential roles: it informs, persuades and reminds
prospective customers about a company and its products. Even the most useful
product or brand will be a failure if no one knows that it is available. As we know,
channels of dis tribution take more time in creating aw arenes s
becaus e  a  product  has  to   pas s through many hands between a producer and
consumers.

Therefore,  a   producer   has  to   inform   channel  members   as  w ell

as   ultima te consumers about the attributes and availability of his products. The
second purpose of promotion is persuasion. The cut throat competition among
different products puts tremendous pressure on their manufacturers and they are
compelled to undertake sales promotion activities. The third purpose of
promotion is reminding consumers about products availability and its potential to
satisfy their needs.

From these elements sales promotion is the element which is in the focus of this
project. Further sales promotion is quite broad term it includes ;

Consumer oriented Sales

Promotion Trade oriented
Sales Promotion

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 Literature Review

1. A literature search has been performed by two review authors

independently in three different databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Google
Scholar, for articles published from 2010 to 2019. At first, two different authors
independently analyzed the selected articles according to titles and abstracts,
which were related to this study. To avoid missing any related articles during
the initial search, we have analyzed the references of the selected studies.
Duplicate and cross-referenced studies were removed, records were screened
according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, full-text studies were assessed for
eligibility, and qualitative synthesis was carried out. The keywords for the
survey were “hand-washing,” “hand sanitizer,” and “effective.” After the
relevant articles were found, the critical appraisal was made to select those that
were suitable for the systematic review. The inclusion criteria of the study were
surveys, clinical studies, no sample size restrictions, and only English language
papers. Any conference abstracts, case reports, and unpublished data were
excluded from this study.

1.2. The review focuses on usage and benefits of hand washing against the pure
hand sanitizer. People are using the hand sanitizer on a daily basis, sometimes
multiple times a day, so the Food and Drug Administration has decided that the
companies making hand sanitizers need to provide proof that those chemicals
are safe for that level of exposure, especially for pregnant women and children.
Three active ingredients—benzalkonium chloride, ethyl alcohol, and isopropyl
alcohol—are still under review.

1.3. Additionally, the efficacy of the hand sanitizer is dependent upon the
proper technique, the quantity of the sanitizer used, the ingredient, and its
consistency of use. In various circumstances, such as using it on soiled or
greasy hands and heavy loading of microbes, a reduction in the effectiveness of
the sanitizer is reported.1 The increment in the purchase of hand gels is not just
dependent upon the fear of pandemics, but the sale in the market has been
driven in pretty, child-friendly colors and with wellness-friendly fragrance such
as lemon and orange flavors, that are far acceptable than the pungent-smelling
waterless sanitizers found in hospitals.

1.4. As there is lack of sanitizers in the market because of high sale of these
gels due to COVID-19 pandemic, there is evolution of active ingredients
despite alcohol and recipes to make their own gels, which are available online.
There is recommendation of vodka, witch-hazel, and aloe vera to make their
own hand gels. It is not yet known how effective these alternative sanitizers are
at killing germs.

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1.5. COVID-19 affects different people in different ways and it is likely to
spread through cough droplets from the direct contact of one person to another.
It can also be transmitted through objects, food, and packages. For its
reproduction, a virus always need host living cells so if hands are contaminated
your eyes, mouth, or any type of wounds should not be touched or rubbed. If
hand gels or soap and water are not available, the hands should be clear. As
soap and water is not accessible everywhere, the hand sanitizer can play an
important role in disinfecting the surface.

2. Many a times it has been proven that a dab of gel cannot remove all the
dirt, germs, and oil from the hand. A hand sanitizer cannot be replacement of
washing hands. In 2019, a study was conducted by the American Society for
Microbiology that washing hand with soap and water is far more effective than
a dab of gel. It is not the matter of single viral cells as we do not know from
where, when, and how much viral cells are present on any given surface. In
order to maintain hand hygiene and safety, proper precaution should be taken
by washing hands frequently. There is no conclusive proof that how much viral
cells will get dislodged from the infected surface, but most of the micro-
organisms can be disseminated from hands with the help of soap and water by
flushing out the dirt and making the skin more clean and hygiene. So, wet your
hands with water and lather them up properly, on both sides, in between the
fingers, and under the nails, one hand and then the other. Rinse them
thoroughly under running water for 20 seconds (or as the National Health
Service puts it, the time it takes to sing Happy Birthday twice). Rinsing
thoroughly is the key to washing away any viruses. A disposable towel should
be used to dry hands and before throwing it away, a towel should be used for
closing the tap.

3. If hands are visibly contaminated with protein or organic matter, soiled,

and greasy, hand gels are not an option as it cannot remove dirt. It has been
found that after rubbing hands with gel all the dirt will get absorbed. In India,
most of the people rely on hand washing. At the time of pandemic, the attention
is driven towards hand sanitizers. It is widely and practically acceptable more
in hospitals and clinical settings. The effectiveness of different hand sanitizers
on various groups but none of the research works support that the hand sanitizer
should be used on soiled or greasy hands.

4. The hand sanitizer should be used in those conditions where there is no

availability of soap and water, which can offer a short-term solution. It can be
considered as a temporary standby. At least 60 percent of alcohol should be
used for disinfecting the surface. As it should not be used on soiled or greasy
hands, sanitizers can disseminate various organisms. Alcohol-free sanitizers
may not be as effective as alcohol-based sanitizers. The presence of chemical in
alcohol-free sanitizers could irritate skin and make it dry.

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5. Limited literature is available on the support of hand washing with soap
rather than the hand sanitizer. Majority of the literature tells about the efficacy
of different hand sanitizers but not the efficacy of hand washing. The hand
sanitizer should not be considered an alternative to hand washing. It is an
adjunct to hand washing, which can be used when there is a lack of water and
soap. Further research is necessary to evaluate potential health benefits of
promoting hand washing in developed countries, where hand washing is often
constrained due to lack of time.

6. A review of research works states that limited literature is available in

relation to hand sanitizers and washing hands. As COVID-19 has rapidly
spread worldwide, panic buying of sanitizers over the coronavirus pandemic
has led to stocking up of sanitizer sprays, gels, and so on, without knowing the
effect of the sanitizer. The prime aim of this study is to evaluate that washing
hand with soap and water is more efficacious and practical than using hand
sanitizers in detaching certain micro-organisms.

Research Methodology

The main purpose of fulfilment of this project is to provide an overview of

sanitization in FMCG sector. The data in this project is primary data and is
gathered through a questionnaire from 100 respondents.

 The data collected were further analysed by using a statistical tool like bar graph.
 Tools and techniques used for the purpose of the project is chi square.
 The hypothesis used for analysing the data are-
1. H0- Most of the population use disinfectant.
(i) H1- Most of the population does not use disinfectant.

B. H0- Demand of hand sanitizer is increasing.

2. H1- Demand of hand sanitizer is decreasing.
A. H0- Application of hand
sanitizer is decreasing.

3. H1- Application of hand sanitizer is

increasing.

A. H0- Consumer tends to apply hand sanitizer after every activity.

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 (i) H1- Consumer does not prefer to apply hand sanitizer after
every activity.

B. H0- Hand sanitizer is easily available in the market.

(ii) H1- Hand sanitizer is not easily available in the market.
C. H0- Customer
preferences are
heterogeneous.

(iii) H1- Customer

preferences are homogeneous

4. H0- Organizations are sanitized on regular basis.

A. H1- Organizations are not sanitized on regular basis.
(i) H0- Organisations prefer work from home.
B. H1- Organisations prefer working offline.
(i) H0- Organisations take proper precautions during the working hours.
C. H1- Organisations do not take proper precautions during the working hours.

Limitations of the Study-

1. The alcohol content of sanitizer should not be less than 60 percent. The
proportion of alcohol should be in between 60 and 95 percent when in use. The
ingredient should be in the form of ethyl alcohol, isopropanol, or ethanol,
which are acceptable. Every sanitizer is not manufactured equally; hence, it
should be checked before purchasing.

1.2. Hand sanitizers are not an alternative to hand washing; rather, it is a

harmonizing habit which is far more effective when used in conjunction with
soap and water.

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 CHAPTER 2
INDUSTRY PROFILING

INDUSTRY PROFILING

2. Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector is India’s fourth largest sector

with household and personal care accounting for 50x of FMCG sales in India.
Growing awareness, easier access and changing lifestyles have been the key
growth drivers for the sector. The urban segment (accounts for a revenue share
of around 55x) is the largest contributor to the overall revenue generated by the
FMCG sector in India. However, in the last few years, the FMCG market has
grown at a faster pace in rural India compared to urban India. Semi-urban and
rural segments are growing at a rapid pace and FMCG products account for 50x
of the total rural spending.

 Market Size

2.1. The retail market in India is estimated to reach USb 1.1 trillion by 2020
from USb 840 billion in 2017, with modern trade expected to grow at 20 25x
per annum, which is likely to boost revenue of FMCG companies. Revenue of
FMCG sector reached Rs. 3.4 lakh crore (USb 52.75 billion) in FY18 and is
estimated to reach USb 103.7 billion in 2020. FMCG market is expected to
grow at 9-10x in 2020.

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2.2 Rise in rural consumption will drive the FMCG market. It contributes
around 36x to the overall FMCG spending. In the third quarter of FY20 in rural
India, FMCG witnessed a double-digit growth recovery of 10.6x due to various
government initiatives (such as packaged staples and hygiene categories); high
agricultural produce, reverse migration and a lower unemployment rate.

 Investments/ Developments

2.1 The Government has allowed 100x Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in food
processing and single-brand retail and 51x in multi-brand retail. This would
bolster employment, supply chain and high visibility for FMCG brands across
organised retail markets thereby bolstering consumer spending and encouraging
more product launches. The sector witnessed healthy FDI inflows of USb 17.8
billion from April 2000 to September 2020.

2.2. Some of the recent developments in the FMCG sector are as follows:
2.3. In November 2020, Emami Ltd. announced its entry into home hygiene
segment with products under ‘Emasol’ range.

2.4. In December 2020, FreshToHome (FTH), which sells online fresh fish and
meat, announced that it aims to more than double its revenue over the next 12
months to Rs 1,500 crore, supported by business-wide expansion, including its
'FTH Daily' service.

2.5. In November 2020, NIVEA, by launching the first ever e-commerce ready-
to-ship kit,' NIVEA CARE BOX’, in collaboration with Amazon India, has
taken a step towards being more sustainable through its packaging.

2.6. In November 2020, Bahrain's Investcorp stated it had invested in

Xpressbees, an Indian start-up in logistics, as part of a group of local and global
investors. With more than 1,000 customers across sectors including e-
commerce, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods, retail, manufacturing, electronics
and consumer durables, Xpressbees has presence in >2,000 cities and towns in
India. The size of the investment was not disclosed.

2.7. In November 2020, TradeIndia announced to conduct the ‘Consumer

Goods Expo India 2020’ to minimise geographical barriers and generate new
opportunities in the manufacturing industry and MSME sector.

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 Government Initiatives
2.1 Some of the major initiatives taken by the Government to promote the
FMCG sector in India are as follows:

2.2. On November 11, 2020, Union Cabinet approved the production-linked

incentive (PLI) scheme in 10 key sectors (including electronics and white
goods) to boost India’s manufacturing capabilities, exports and promote the
‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative.

o Developments in the packaged food sector will contribute to increased prices

for farmer and reduce the high levels of waste. In order to provide support
through the PLI scheme, unique product lines—with high-growth potential and
capabilities to generate medium- to large-scale jobs—have been established.

2.3. The Government of India has approved 100x FDI in the cash and carry
segment and in single-brand retail along with 51x FDI in multi-brand retail.

2.4. The Government has drafted a new Consumer Protection Bill with special
emphasis on setting up an extensive mechanism to ensure simple, speedy,
accessible, affordable and timely delivery of justice to consumers.

2.5. The Goods and Services Tax (GST) is beneficial for the FMCG industry as
many of the FMCG products such as soap, toothpaste and hair oil now come
under the 18x tax bracket against the previous rate of 23-24x. Also, GST on
food products and hygiene products have been reduced to 0-5x and 12-18x
respectively.

2.6. GST is expected to transform logistics in the FMCG sector into a modern
and efficient model as all major corporations are remodelling their operations
into larger logistics and warehousing.

 Road Ahead

2.1. Rural consumption has increased, led by a combination of increasing

income and higher aspiration levels. There is an increased demand for branded
products in rural India. The rural FMCG market in India is expected to grow to
USb 220 billion by 2025 from USb

23.6 billion in FY18.

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2.2. On the other hand, with the share of unorganised market in the FMCG
sector falling, the organised sector growth is expected to rise with increased
level of brand consciousness, augmented by the growth in modern retail.

2.3. Another major factor propelling the demand for food services in India is
the growing youth population, primarily in urban regions. India has a large base
of young consumers who form majority of the workforce, and due to time
constraints, barely get time for cooking.

2.4. Online portals are expected to play a key role for companies trying to enter
the hinterlands. Internet has contributed in a big way, facilitating a cheaper and
more convenient mode to increase a company’s reach. It is estimated that 40x
of all FMCG consumption in India will be made online by 2020. The online
FMCG market is forecast to reach USb 45 billion in 2020 from USb 20 billion
in 2017.

2.5. It is estimated that India will gain USb 15 billion a year by implementing
GST. GST and demonetisation are expected to drive demand, both in the rural
and urban areas, and economic growth in a structured manner in the long term
and improved performance of companies within the sector.

  What is Sanitization?

3. Sanitization is a process of cleaning certain area or surface in such a

manner so that it is made bacteria-free and elementally clean all types of
microbes and viruses that can infect the human body and cause different kinds
of diseases.

3.1. Hand Sanitization is a process of cleaning the human body especially

hands that can get infected with any contagious microbes when the hands touch
any infected surfaces, animals, or humans.

3.2. Surface Sanitization is a process of removing or destroying

microorganisms from places like clothing, vegetables, water, and all kinds of
hard surfaces.

3.3. That is to say, sanitization is a process of removing harmful microbes

with the help of chemicals that doesn’t harm the human body. The chemicals
are used in measured quantities and diluted with water or other diluting agents.

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Sanitization can also be done with the help of heat and some other methods but
that cannot be applied in every context.

1. Kavit Polybind Pvt. Ltd.

1.1. Kavit Polybind is a manufacturer, exporter, and distributor of chemical

cleansing products. Since the inception in the year of 1996, the company has
been offering a wide range of personal, household and industrial cleaning
supplies such as hand sanitizers, detergents, disinfectant floor cleaners, laundry
soaps, car wash shampoo liquid and some chemical cleansers like CDEA,
EGMS, and CAPB.

A. Main Products:-
 10 ml pen-shaped hand sanitizers
 Alcohol-free hand sanitizers
 Combo pack hand sanitizers
 Moisturizing Vitamin-E sanitizers
 Bleaching powder
 Disinfectant floor cleaners
 Anti-fogging glass cleaners
 Toilet seat sanitizers

2. Cossmic Product Pvt. Ltd.

2.1. Cossmic Product is an FMCG manufacturing company from India,
which was established in the year 2011. Cossmic manufactures cleansing
products including hand sanitizers and furniture smudge removers.

2.2. Cossmic has more than 10 models of hand sanitizer products, marketed
under the name of “Wiz Hand Sanitizer”, which are suitable to be used for
household and outdoor purposes. Customers can order the products in
customized volumes of 30ml, 50ml, 60ml, 100ml, 150ml, 250ml, 500ml, and 5
liters.

2.3. In addition, Cossmic also manufactures antiseptic wet wipes that are
collectively or individually packed in pouches, and small packs of liquid
sanitizers of 2ml, which are easier to carry and use.

B. Main Products:-

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 Wet wipe sanitizers
 Pen-shaped bottle hand sanitizers
 Fruit scented hand sanitizers
 Foaming sanitizers
 Gift pack sanitizers
 100x viscose fiber wet wipe

3. Bo International
3.1. Bo International is an Indian manufacturer and exporter of hygienic
products, skin-care products, and make-up products. Bo International was
established in 1990 in Delhi, producing organic beauty care products made in
natural, additive-free ingredients and materials.

3.2. Bo International offers household and portable herbal and alcoholic

hand sanitizers, with minimum order quantity from 2000-5000 pieces,
depending on the individual product.

3.3. Other than that, Bo International supplies a wide range of cosmetic and
skin-care products such as facial moisturizers, eye creams, eyelash adhesives,
makeup removers, herbal toothpaste, coriander essential oil and other floral
oils, which are popular in the markets of the US, Canada, and Australia.

C. Main Products:-
 Tube-shaped medicated hand sanitizers
 70x alcohol hand sanitizer
 Herbal hand washing gels

4. Indoden Sanitizers Pvt. Ltd.

4.1. Indoden Sanitizers is a manufacturer and supplier of personal and

household care products like hand sanitizer and floor cleansers and was
established in 2016 in Delhi.

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4.2. Indoden produces 4 kinds of 30ml hand sanitizer products, which are
floral-scented and unscented. According to the information on Indoden’s
official website, its products are proven to be effective in inhibiting bacteria
like Escherichia coli (E Coli) and Staphylococcus Aureus and could last for 3
hours after each use.

D. Main Products:-
 Lime scented hand sanitizers
 Rose scented hand sanitizers
 Unscented hand sanitizers

5. Radix Hi-Care Products

5.1. Radix Hi-Care Products is a professional manufacturer of chemical
cleansers, which was established in 2007 in New Delhi. The company
specialized in producing an antiseptic disinfectant liquid that is applicable for
medical and personal uses.

5.2. Radix is presently manufacturing a wide range of products under third-

party manufacturing contracts for household, personal and industrial uses. Their
product lines include antiseptic rubbing liquid, dishwashing liquid, floor
cleaners, toilet cleaners, and glass cleaners.

E. Main Products:-
 Antiseptic rubbing liquid
 Household disinfectants

6. Kripa Pharma

6.1. Kripa Pharma was established in 2008 as a pharmaceutical company,

primarily manufactures and exports healthcare, personal care, and home care
products.

6.2. Kripa has a diverse product line, including hand sanitizing gel,
mouthwash, nasal spray, first- aid spray, and other healthcare hygienic
products.

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6.3. For hand sanitizing gels, Kripa offers 4 sizes for customers to choose from
in volume 50 ml, 100 ml, 200 ml, and 500 ml.

F. Main Products:-
 Hand sanitizing gel
 Nasal spray
 Breath spray
 Mouthwash
 Pain relief spray

Types of Hand Sanitizer

1. Liquid Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer

3.1. Alcoholic hand sanitizers generally contain alcohol or isopropanol as

the active ingredients that kill germs and bacteria. The content of alcohol in the
hand sanitizing product usually ranges between 60x and 95x, which is
considered by FDA to be effectively killing germs and bacteria, including
coronaviruses, MRSA, and Ecoli.

3.2. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are considered to be more potent and

rapid in killing germs and bacteria, compared to alcohol-free hand sanitizers.
However, alcohol-based hand sanitizers could be worrisome to some
consumers for its risk of flammability, intoxication, and damage to the users’
skin.

2. Gel Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer

2.1. Experiments have been done to exam the efficiency of liquid hand
sanitizers and gel hand sanitizer. In general, liquid hand sanitizers fare better
than gel hand sanitizers.

2.2. Scientists proved that liquid hand sanitizer in liquid form reacts more
rapidly compared to gel hand sanitizers. On average, it took the liquid ones 15
seconds and the latter the double of the time to act.

16
2.3. In addition, liquid hand sanitizers leave less residual substance on hands
and are generally more effective in terms of killing germs and bacteria,
compared to gel hand sanitizers.

3. Foam Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer

3.1. Some believe that foam hand sanitizers are more economical compared
to liquid or gel ones, for the airy and incompact texture of the products. In
addition, foam is more clinging to hands and will not easily drop, which could
cause damage to the floor or the carpet. Therefore, we have witnessed the
gaining popularity of foam hand sanitizers in recent years.

3.2. However, some argue that the incompact texture of the product might
jeopardize its efficiency in killing bacteria and germs.

4. Spray Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer

4.4. Similar to foam hand sanitizers, there are some arguments regarding the
economic efficiency of spray hand sanitizers. Some argue that spray is wasteful
compared to liquid and gel since the drops might miss your hands or be
deflected into the air when spraying, some hold the opposite opinion saying that
spray is more cost-effective, for the liquid is condensed by the nozzle and thus
delivers fewer doses, although this might lead to the dilution of active
ingredients.

4.2. No quantifiable experiment has been made to testify each of the arguments,
we suggest the buyers choose the products based on their own judgment

5.Antiseptics Alcohol-Free Hand Sanitizer

5.1. Alcohol-free sanitizers often contain benzalkonium chloride, as its main

ingredient in killing bacteria and viruses.

5.2. As mentioned in the previous sections, non-alcohol hand sanitizers are

proven to work less efficiently in killing bacteria and germs, compared to its
alcohol counterpart. On the other hand, such products are not as flammable and
toxic to the human body compared to alcohol-based hand sanitizers.

17
5.3. Nowadays, in order to attract customers with different tastes and demands,
hand sanitizers are supplied in different scents such as lavender, lemon, orange,
or cinnamon.

5.4. In addition, sanitizers of different volumes are also available in the market
to meet the needs of different customers. Commonly seen ones include 5 ml, 10
ml, 30 ml, and 50 ml hand sanitizers are suitable for outdoor, household and
industrial uses.

When to use?

 When you do not have access to soap and water.

 When hands are not soiled or greasy.
 When in direct contact with patients, sanitize hands.
 Before wearing sterile gloves, sanitize hands.
 When inserting a central intravascular catheter, sanitize hands.
 Before the procedures which do not require surgery such as before
inserting indwelling urinary catheters, peripheral vascular catheters, or
other invasive devices, sanitize hands.
 When taking a pulse or blood pressure, and lifting a patient, sanitize hands.
 When there is a direct contact with body fluids or excretions, mucous
membranes, non- intact skin, and wound dressings, if hands are not visibly
soiled, sanitize hands.
 After contact with inanimate objects (including medical equipment) in the
immediate vicinity of the patient, sanitize hands.
 After removing gloves, sanitize hands.
Benefits-

 The advantages of hand sanitizers are that it is more convenient, portable,

easy to use and not time consuming.
 The families who apply the sanitizer have lower risk of spreading
gastrointestinal (stomach) and respiratory infection.
 Hand sanitizers which are commercially available contain ingredients
which help in preventing dryness of skin.
 The frequency of absentees in classroom can be reduced by 20 percent if
hand sanitizers are used properly as it will not cause illness.

How it works?

18
Two elements:
1. Waterless hand sanitizer
2. Friction

Technique-

1. Prior to the application of the waterless sanitizer, hands should be free from
dirt, soil, blood, or lubrication.

2. There should be application of very small amount of the waterless hand

sanitizer on the palm of one hand or the waterless hand sanitizer wipes can be
used.

3. It should cover all surfaces of hands and fingers while rubbing hands with the
sanitizer.
The process should continue until the waterless sanitizer is completely absorbed.

EFFECTIVENESS:

1.1. Hand sanitizers are more effective when used in appropriate amount.
Proper use, duration of exposure, and frequency of use also play an important
role in relatable effectiveness of the hand sanitizer. For the outcome of
sanitizers, the presence of the infectious agent on the host should be susceptible
to the active ingredient present in the product. Alcohol-based waterless
sanitizers should be rubbed thoroughly for 30 seconds, which followed by
complete air-drying can reduce various micro-organisms. Even alcohol-free
formulations, such as the SAB (surfactant, allantoin, and BAC) hand sanitizer,
show its effect when used properly. Some study also reveal that many hand
sanitizers are ineffective against bacterial spores, enveloped viruses (e.g.,
norovirus), and encysted parasites (e.g., Giardia). Hand sanitizers are not
effective when hands are noticeably soiled, lubricated, and greasy prior to
application.

1.2. As there is inconsistency in the effectiveness, hand sanitizers can be

recommended to control the transmission of infectious diseases, where
accessibility to soap and water is difficult.

2. Potential of Hand Sanitizer – Not as good as soap and water

2.1. Quickly smearing an ethanol-based hand sanitizer does not disseminate
cold and flu bugs as fingers are still wet with mucus. It has been proven that
sanitizers with a lower alcohol concentration or non-ABHS can reduce the

19
growth of microbes but not kill those germs. Traditionally, washing hands with
soap and water is far more superior than using a hand sanitizer as soap and
water eliminate dirt, germs, and oil to give a proper and overall cleansing.

For proper hand washing, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
suggested:

I. Wash hands with clean running water and lather hands with the application of
soap.
II. Scrubbing of palms, backs, fingers, between fingers, and under nails,
which should cover all surface.
III. Time period should be for 20 seconds of scrubbing as the time it takes
to sing “Happy Birthday” twice.
IV. Lastly, rinse under clean, running water, and dry with a clean towel or air dry
hands.

20
 CHAPTER 3
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
Data Analysis and Interpretation

Q1. Do you use disinfectant?

H0- Most of the population use disinfectant.

H1- Most of the population does not use disinfectant.

Gender * Do you use disinfectant(Sanitizer or alcohol)?

Crosstabulation
Do you use disinfectant (Sanitizer or Total
alcohol)
Yes No
Count 61 2 63
Male Expected 59.9 3.2 63.0
Count
Gende
r Count 34 3 37
Femal Expected 35.2 1.9 37.0
e Count
Count 95 5 100
Total
Expected 95.0 5.0 100.
Count 0

Chi-Square Tests
Value d Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1-
f sided) sided) sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 1.194 1 .274
a

21
 Continuity .382 1 .537 .356 .263
Correctionb
Likelihood Ratio 1.144 1 .285
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear 1.182 1 .277
Association
N of Valid Cases 100

A. 2 cells (50.0x) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
1.85.

B. Computed only for a 2x2 table

Interpretation-

 According to chi square, the p value is greater than 0.05. As a result, the
significance level of null hypothesis is accepted.

 According to the survey, 61 males and 34 females agreed that they use
disinfectant whereas 2 males and females disagreed that they use disinfectant.

Q2. Which disinfectant do you use?

22
H0- Demand of hand sanitizer is increasing.
H1- Demand of hand sanitizer is decreasing.

Gender * Which disinfectant do you use? Crosstabulation

Which disinfectant do you Total
use
1 2
Count 57 6 63
Male Expected 58.6 4.4 63.0
Count
Gende
r Count 36 1 37
Femal Expected 34.4 2.6 37.0
e Count
Count 93 7 100
Total Expected 93.0 7.0 100.
Count 0

1. Hand Sanitizer
2. Alcohol

Chi-Square Tests
Value d Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1-
f sided) sided) sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 1.666 1 .197
a
Continuity .783 1 .376 .255 .192
Correction b
Likelihood Ratio 1.907 1 .167
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear 1.649 1 .199
Association
N of Valid Cases 100

A. 2 cells (50.0x) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
2.59.
B. Computed only for a 2x2 table

23
Interpretation-

 According to chi square, the p value is greater than 0.05. As a result, the
significance level of null hypothesis is accepted.
 According to the survey, 57 males and 36 females use hand sanitizer whereas 6
males and 1 female use alcohol.

Q3. How often do you sanitize your hands?

H0- Application of hand sanitizer is decreasing.

H1- Application of hand sanitizer is increasing.

Gender * How often do you sanitize your hands? Crosstabulation

How often do you sanitize your Total
hands
1 2 3 4 5
Count 8 6 14 28 7 63
Male Expected 5.7 8.8 13.2 23.9 11.3 63.0

24
 Gende Count
r Count 1 8 7 10 11 37
Femal Expected 3.3 5.2 7.8 14.1 6.7 37.0
e Count
Count 9 14 21 38 18 100
Total Expected 9.0 14.0 21.0 38.0 18.0 100.
Count 0
1- Every 1/2 hour
2- Every 1 hours
3- Every 2 hours
4- Every 4 hours
5- Others

Chi-Square Tests
Value d Asymp. Sig. (2-
f sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 11.496 4 .022
a
Likelihood Ratio 11.799 4 .019
Linear-by-Linear 1.245 1 .265
Association
N of Valid Cases 100
a. 1 cells (10.0x) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
3.33.

25
Interpretation-

 According to chi square, the p value is greater than 0.05. As a result, the
significance level of alternate hypothesis is accepted.

 According to the survey, 8 males and 1 female sanitize their hand every ½ hours,
6 males and 8 females sanitize their hand every 1 hour, 14 males and 7 females
sanitize their hand every 2 hours, 28 males and 10 females sanitize their hand
every 4 hours and 7 males and 11 females sanitize their hand whenever necessary
or rarely.

Q4. Which type of sanitizer do you use?

26
Interpretation-

 According to the survey, 65x of the respondents use liquid hand sanitizer, 43% of
the respondents use gel sanitizer, 1x of the respondents use foam sanitizer, 39%
of the respondents use spray sanitizer and 5x of the respondents use antiseptics.

Q5. Why do you use a sanitizer?

Interpretation-

 According to the survey, 81x of the respondents sanitize their hands as they feel
confident, 10x of the respondents sanitize their hands as they like the smell of
hand sanitizer, 3x of the respondents sanitize their hands as they feel feminine
using hand sanitizer, 10x of the respondents sanitize their hands as they enjoy
applying scented hand sanitizer and rest responded that they apply hand sanitizer
due to corona, they feel fresh, only when soap and water are not available.

Q6. When do you usually apply hand sanitizer?

H0- Consumer tends to apply hand sanitizer after every activity.

27
H1- Consumer does not prefer to apply hand sanitizer after every activity.

Gender * When do you usually apply hand sanitizer? Crosstabulation

When do you usually apply hand Total
sanitizer
1 2 3 4
Count 7 1 20 35 63
Male Expected 5.7 1.9 21.4 34.0 63.0
Count
Gende
r Count 2 2 14 19 37
Femal Expected 3.3 1.1 12.6 20.0 37.0
e Count
Count 9 3 34 54 100
Total Expected 9.0 3.0 34.0 54.0 100.
Count 0

1. Before and/or after meals

2. After using the washroom
3. Whenever my hands feel dirty
4. All of the above

Chi-Square Tests
Value d Asymp. Sig. (2-
f sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 2.307 3 .511
a
Likelihood Ratio 2.320 3 .509
Linear-by-Linear .032 1 .857
Association
N of Valid Cases 100
a. 3 cells (37.5x) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
1.11.

28
Interpretation-

 According to chi square, the p value is greater than 0.05. As a result, the
significance level of null hypothesis is accepted.

 According to the survey, 7 males and 2 females usually apply hand sanitizer
before and/or after meals, 1 male and 2 females usually apply hand sanitizer after
using the washroom, 20 males and 14 females usually apply hand sanitizer
whenever their hands are dirty, and 35 males and 19 females usually apply hand
sanitizer when they find all the above things are necessary.

Q7. Where do you usually buy your hand sanitizer?

H0- Hand sanitizer is easily available in the market.

H1- Hand sanitizer is not easily available in the market.

Gender * Where do you usually buy your sanitizer? Crosstabulation

Where do you usually buy your Total
sanitizer
1 2 3 4 5
Count 17 19 21 3 3 63

29
 Male Expected 21.4 17.6 17.0 3.2 3.8 63.0
Count
Gende
r Count 17 9 6 2 3 37
Femal Expected 12.6 10.4 10.0 1.9 2.2 37.0
e Count
Count 34 28 27 5 6 100
Total Expected 34.0 28.0 27.0 5.0 6.0 100.
Count 0

1. Supermarket
2. Departmental Store
3. Drug Stores
4. Beauty Stores
5. Others

Chi-Square Tests
Value d Asymp. Sig. (2-
f sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 5.732 4 .220
a
Likelihood Ratio 5.840 4 .211
Linear-by-Linear 1.083 1 .298
Association
N of Valid Cases 100
a. 4 cells (40.0x) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
1.85.

30
Interpretation-

 According to chi square, the p value is greater than 0.05. As a result, the
significance level of null hypothesis is accepted.

 According to the survey, 17 males and 17 females buy hand sanitizer from
supermarkets, 19 males and 9 females buy hand sanitizer from departmental
stores, 21 males and 6 females buy hand sanitizer from drug stores, 3 males and 2
females buy hand sanitizer from beauty stores and 3 males and 3 females buy
hand sanitizer from chemist or wholesaler.

Q8. Do you use the same brand of sanitizer?

H0- Customer preferences are heterogeneous.

H1- Customer preferences are homogeneous.

Gender * Do you use the same brand of sanitizer? Crosstabulation

Do you use the same brand of Total
sanitizer
1 2
Count 16 47 63
Male Expected 15.8 47.3 63.0

31
 Gende Count
r Count 9 28 37
Femal Expected 9.3 27.8 37.0
e Count
Count 25 75 100
Total Expected 25.0 75.0 100.
Count 0

1. Yes, all the time

2. No, I do try other brands too

Chi-Square Tests
Valu d Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1-
e f sided) sided) sided)
Pearson Chi-Square .014a 1 .905
Continuity .000 1 1.000
Correctionb 1.000 .552
Likelihood Ratio .014 1 .905
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear .014 1 .905
Association
N of Valid Cases 100

A. 0 cells (0.0x) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
9.25.
B. Computed only for a 2x2 table

32
Interpretation-

 According to chi square, the p value is greater than 0.05. As a result, the
significance level of null hypothesis is accepted.

 According to the survey, 16 males and 9 females use the same brand of hand
sanitizer whereas 47 males and 28 females use different brands of hand sanitizer.

Q9. Do you work/study in an organization/run an organization? If yes, Is your

organization well sanitized? (college, office, etc)

H0- Organizations are sanitized on regular basis.

H1- Organizations are not sanitized on regular basis.

Gender * Do you work/study in an organization/ run an organization? If yes,

Crosstabulation

Do you work/study in an organization/run an Total

organization. If yes,

1 2

33
 Count 46 17 63
Male Expected 45.4 17.6 63.0
Count
Gende
r Count 26 11 37
Femal Expected 26.6 10.4 37.0
e Count
Count 72 28 100
Total Expected 72.0 28.0 100.
Count 0

1. Yes
2. No

Chi-Square Tests
Valu d Asymp. Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (2- Exact Sig. (1-
e f sided) sided) sided)
Pearson Chi-Square .087a 1 .768
Continuity .004 1 .949
Correctionb .820 .471
Likelihood Ratio .087 1 .768
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear .086 1 .769
Association
N of Valid Cases 100

a. 0 cells (0.0x) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
10.36.
b. Computed only for a 2x2 table

34
Interpretation-

 According to chi square, the p value is greater than 0.05. As a result, the
significance level of null hypothesis is accepted.

 According to the survey, 46 males and 26 females finds their working

environment well sanitized whereas 17 males and 11 females did not find their
working environment well sanitized.

Q10. How often your organization is sanitized?

H0- Organisations prefer work from home.

H1- Organisations prefer working offline.

Gender * How often your organization is sanitized? Crosstabulation

How often your organization is Total
sanitized
1 2 3 4 5
Count 3 13 5 2 40 63
Male Expected 3.8 12.6 5.0 1.3 40.3 63.0

35
 Gende Count
r Count 3 7 3 0 24 37
Femal Expected 2.2 7.4 3.0 .7 23.7 37.0
e Count
Count 6 20 8 2 64 100
Total Expected 6.0 20.0 8.0 2.0 64.0 100.
Count 0

1. Daily
2. Once a week
3. Twice a week
4. Once in two weeks
5. Don't Know

Chi-Square Tests
Value d Asymp. Sig. (2-
f sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 1.652 4 .799
a
Likelihood Ratio 2.310 4 .679
Linear-by-Linear .033 1 .856
Association
N of Valid Cases 100
a. 5 cells (50.0x) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count
is .74.

36
Interpretation-

 According to chi square, the p value is greater than 0.05. As a result, the
significance level of null hypothesis is accepted.

 According to the survey, 3 males and 3 females responded that their organization
is sanitized daily, 13 males and 7 females responded that their organization is
sanitized once a week, 5 males and 3 females responded that their organization is
sanitized twice a week, 2 males and 0 female responded that their organization is
sanitized once in two weeks and 40 males and 24 females responded that they are
not aware about their organization’s sanitization as everything is conducted
online or they don’t know.

Q11. Does the organization take proper precautions during the working hours?

H0- Organisations take proper precautions during the working hours.

H1- Organisations do not take proper precautions during the working hours.

Gender * Does the organization take proper precautions during the working
hours?
Crosstabulation

37
 Does the organization take proper precautions during Total
the working hours
1 2 3
Count 45 15 3 63
Male Expected 45.4 13.9 3.8 63.0
Count
Gende
r Count 27 7 3 37
Femal Expected 26.6 8.1 2.2 37.0
e Count
Count 72 22 6 100
Total Expected 72.0 22.0 6.0 100.
Count 0

1. Yes
2. No
3. Don’t know

Chi-Square Tests
Valu d Asymp. Sig. (2-
e f sided)
Pearson Chi-Square .696a 2 .706
Likelihood Ratio .687 2 .709
Linear-by-Linear .022 1 .883
Association
N of Valid Cases 100
a. 2 cells (33.3x) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
2.22.

38
 Interpretation-

 According to chi square, the p value is greater than 0.05. As a result, the
significance level of null hypothesis is accepted.

 According to the survey, 45 males and 27 females responded that the organization
take proper precautions during the working hours, 15 males and 7 females
responded that the organization does not take proper precautions during the
working hours and 3 males and 3 females responded that they are not aware about
their organization’s sanitization as everything is conducted online or they don’t
know.

39
 CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION

Conclusion
Linking of objectives with data interpretation.

1. To study the consumer behavior on Sanitizers.

 Consumers prefer using hand sanitizer instead of alcohol.
 They sanitize their hands 8 times a day,i.e., sanitizing their hands after
every 4 hours.
 Consumers sanitize their hand whenever they feel confident.

2. To analyse the usage of sanitizer in an organization.

 Most of the employees feel that their organisation is well sanitized and they
are taking proper precautions.

3. To analyse the consumer behavior towards brand consciousness.

 Consumers prefer a variety of products and are tend to change their brand
more often, i.e., they are heterogeneous.

4. To identify the most popular type of sanitizer used by an individual.

 Mostly consumers prefer using liquid hand sanitizer as compared to foam,
gel,etc.

Recommendations

 People should use sanitizer more often when soap and water are not available.
 Sanitizers can also be used to sanitize schools, institutions, organisations,
houses, etc more frequently.

40
 Keeping sanitizer should be the first priority while going outside,
travelling, working, shopping, etc.
 Liquid hand sanitizer must be used instead of other types of hand sanitizer.
 As sanitizers are used more often, they are harsh to the skin. So, it is
recommended to apply some moisturizer

41
 Bibliography

1. Research Papers-

I. Int J Pharm. 2020, Published online 2020 May 16. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119431

II. Am J Infect Control., Published online 2020 Jun 18. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.182
III. Pallavi Singh, Ipshita Potlia, Shitanshu Malhotra, Himangi Dubey, Himanshu
Chauhan, First Published July 19, 2020 Research Article,
https://doi.org/10.1177/2320206820939403

IV. Andrew P. Golin, BSc, Dexter Choi, BHSc, Aziz Ghahary, PhD, Published:
June 18, 2020, doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.182

2. Websites-

1) https://www.ibef.org/industry/fmcg.aspx
2) https://www.shponline.co.uk/common-workplace-hazards/the-
importance-of-proper- sanitisation-and-disinfection-in-response-to-the-
covid-19-pandemic/

3) https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/fmcg/fmcg-
companies- step-up-new-product-launches-in-health-and-hygiene-
space/articleshow/75409908.cms?from=mdr

4) https://www.livemint.com/news/india/fmcg-companies-ramp-up-
launch-of-home- personal-hygiene-products-11588488037904.html

5) https://www.ibef.org/industry/healthcare-india.aspx

6) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2320206820939403

42
 ANNEXURE
A Study on Consumer Behavior towards FMCG
Products with special reference to Sanitization.

Declaration:

Dear Respondent

I am a student of MAHARAJA SURAJMAL INSTITUTE pursuing

B.Com(H). As part of my curriculum I am required to do a project on “A
Study on Consumer Behavior towards FMCG Products with special
reference to Sanitization” and all the responses given by you will be strictly
kept confidential and used for academic purposes only.

1. Do you use disinfectant? (Sanitizer or alcohol)

I. Yes
II. No

2. Which disinfectant do you use?

I. Hand Sanitizer
II. Alcohol

3. How often do you sanitize your hands?

I. Every 1/2 hour

II. Every 1 hours

43
III. Every 2 hours
IV. Every 4 hours
V. Other:

4. Which type of sanitizer do you use?

I. Liquid
II. Gel
III. Foam
IV. Spray
V. Antiseptics

5. Why do you use a sanitizer?

I. I feel clean and confident when I use it

II. I like the smell of Hand Sanitizers
III. I feel feminine using Hand Sanitizer
IV. I enjoy applying scented hand sanitizer
V. Other:

6. When do you usually apply hand sanitizer?

I. Before and/or after meals

II. After using the washroom
III. Whenever my hands feel dirty
IV. All of the above

7. Where do you usually buy your sanitizer?

I. Supermarket
II. Departmental Store
III. Drug Stores
IV. Beauty Stores
V. Other:

44
8. Do you use the same brand of sanitizer?

I. Yes, all the time

II. No, I do try other brands too

9. Do you work/study in an organization/run an organization? If yes, Is your

organization well sanitized? (college, office, etc)

I. Yes
II. No

10. How often your organization is sanitized?

Once a week
Twice a week
Once in two weeks
Don't Know
Other:

11. Does the organization take proper precautions during the working hours?

I. Yes
II. No
III. Other:

45