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Chronotype Assignment - Lee Jie Yee (P119892)
Chronotype Assignment - Lee Jie Yee (P119892)
Chronotype Assignment - Lee Jie Yee (P119892)
Eating Four times a day, average 4.3 hours Three times a day, average 6.5 hours
frequency of meal interval of meal interval
Meal skipping No meal skipping for main meals Usually skips breakfast
Hunger Usually starts at 12.00 pm and 7.30 Usually starts at 6.00 pm and 12.00
feeling pm. The rating of hunger is 5 out of am. The rating of hunger is 6 out of
10. 10.
Eating Finish one meal within 15 minutes Finish one meal within 15 minutes
duration
From the table above, we can observe that the meal timing of the morning
chronotype is earlier, with the first meal starting at 7.00 am and the last meal at
8.00 pm. On the other hand, the evening chronotype has their meal timing shifted
towards afternoon and late night, with the first meal starting at 2.00 pm and the last
meal at 2.00 am. The later chronotype is usually associated with delayed meal
timing as suggested in a scoping review by Mazri et al. (2019). For the hunger
feeling, morning chronotype usually experiences before lunchtime and dinnertime
while evening chronotype experiences before dinnertime and suppertime. The
hunger rating score of the morning chronotype is lower compared to the evening
chronotype. The reason could be due to the association between meal timing and
appetite. A lower overall appetite in A.M. compared to P.M. is reported in a study.
This could be due to a greater metabolic response to meals in the morning, such as
the thermic effect of food, glucose tolerance and gastric emptying, which
eventually will promote greater satiety response (Beaulieu et al. 2020).
3. Conclusion
Studies have shown a prevalence of poorer dietary choices and habits in evening
chronotype. These unfavorable diet patterns could put them at higher risk of
obesity and metabolic disturbances.
References
Arora, T., & Taheri, S. (2015). Associations among late chronotype, body mass
index and dietary behaviors in young adolescents. International Journal of Obesity,
39(1), 39–44.
Beaulieu, K., Oustric, P., Alkahtani, S., Alhussain, M., Pedersen, H., Quist, J. S.,
Færch, K., & Finlayson, G. 2020. Impact of Meal Timing and Chronotype on Food
Reward and Appetite Control in Young Adults. Nutrients, 12(5), 1506.
Mazri, F. H., Manaf, Z. A., Shahar, S., & Mat Ludin, A. F. 2019. The Association
between Chronotype and Dietary Pattern among Adults: A Scoping Review.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 68.
Romo-Nava, F., Guerdjikova, A. I., Mori, N. N., Scheer, F. A. J. L., Burgess, H. J.,
McNamara, R. K., Welge, J. A., Grilo, C. M., & McElroy, S. L. 2022. A matter of
time: A systematic scoping review on a potential role of the circadian system in
binge eating behavior. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 978412.
Ruddick-Collins, L. C., Morgan, P. J., Fyfe, C. L., Filipe, J. A. N., Horgan, G. W.,
Westerterp, K. R., Johnston, J. D., & Johnstone, A. M. 2022. Timing of daily
calorie loading affects appetite and hunger responses without changes in energy
metabolism in healthy subjects with obesity. Cell Metabolism, 34(10),
1472-1485.e6.
Van Der Merwe, C., Münch, M., & Kruger, R. (2022). Chronotype Differences in
Body Composition, Dietary Intake and Eating Behavior Outcomes: A Scoping
Systematic Review. Advances in Nutrition, 13(6), 2357–2405.