X Cl

GENESIS OF CLASSIFICATION
Atomic
Mass
35.5
DOBEREINER'S TRIAD (1892) LAW OF OCTAVES (1865)
LOTHER MEYER MENDELEEV PERIODIC LAW
Middle element of each triads had J. Alexander Newlands arranged
Atomic an atomic weight about hay way Lothumeya found a periodc Properties of elements are a
the elements in increasing order
Number
17
between the atomic weight of of their atomic weight, every 8th pattern by plotting physical periodic function of their atomic
other two and also properties element had similar properties to properties like atomic volume, B.P weights.

Element Name between the other two.

Eg. (Li, Na, K), (Ca, Sr, Ba).
1st element.
Eg. Li resembles with Na.
and M.P against atomic weight. Mendeleev periodic elements
Eka-Aluminium as Gallium. CHLORINE

NEED FOR CLASSIFICATION MODERN PERIODIC TABLE

• Modern Periodic Law: Physical and chemical properties of

To make it easier to understand the chemistry of all elements are periodic functions of their atomic number.
the elements and their compounds separately. • Father of modern periodic table: Dimitri Mendeleev
• 7 Horizontal rows: Periods; 18 Vertical columns: Groups

TRENDS IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

Properties Group Period 2

1 3
(a) Atomic Radius
Distance between the Atomic
nucleus and the outermost Increases Decreases
shell containing electron.

(b) Electron Gain Enthalpy

Energy released when an
electron is added to the Decreases Increases
valance shell of an isolated
Gaseous Atom.
(c) Ionisation Energy
Amount of energy required
to remove an electron from
an isolated gaseous atom.
Decreases Increases
7 4 NOMENCLATURE OF ELEMENTS (ATOMIC NO. > 100)

(d) Electronegativity Digit Name Abbreviation

Tendency of an element to Derived from Atomic
Decreases Increases
attract shared electrons number of Element 0 nil n
towards itself. 1 un u
using numerical roots

5
2 bi b

6
(e) Metallic Character Increases Decreases for 0 and number 1-9 3 tri t
nad 'ium' is added at the 4 quad a
(f) None-Metallic Character Decreases Decreases end of name 5 pent p
6 hex n
7 sept s
8 oct o
9 enn e
TRENDS IN CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
STUDY OF PERIODIC TABLE
• The valance of representative elements is generally CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS
equal to valence electron or (8-valence electrons).
•
•
Anomalous behaviour of 2nd period elements is due to
their small size, large charge/radius radio, high
AND S-Block Elements
(i) Electronic configuration: ns 1-2
P-Block Elements
(i) Electronic configuration: ns2np1-6
(ii) Consist of Group 1 (alkali metals) (ii) Consist of Group 1 to 18
pERIODICITY IN pROPERTIES
electronegativity and only 4 valence orbitals.
(iii) and also group 2 (alkali (iii) Also known as Representative
• Diagonal relationship: Li and Be is more similar to Mg as earth metals) or main group Elements.
Al respectively.
• The normal oxides formed by the element on wxtreme
D-Block Elements F-Block Elements
left is most basic (E.g. Na2O) and formed by elements on
(i) Electronic configuration: (i) Electronic configuration:
extreme right is most acidic (E.g. Cl2O7).
(n-1)d1-10ns0-2 (n-2)f1-14 (n-1)d0-1ns2
• Oxides of centre Elements are amphoteric (Eg. Al2O3) or (ii) Consist of Group 3 to 12 (z = 58-71) (z = 90-103)
neutral (Eg. N2O) (iii) also known as transition (ii) Consist of Lanthanoids and Actinoids
Elements (iii) also known as Inner
Amphoteric oxides are basic in acidic medium and vice transition Elements
versa.

•
anand_mani16 DR. Anand Mani https://www.anandmani.com/ https://discord.io/anandmani t.me/neetplus