KORUS 2004 331

DOF (DISSOLVED OZONE DOF(Dissolved Ozone Flotation) is the combined

FLOTATION) TECHNOLOGY IN
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
ByoUtg-ho Lee', Sung-hyuk Kim2, Sang-hee Kim3
1. Civil and Environmental Engineering,
University of Ulsan
Tel:+82-52-259-2279
Fax:+82-52-259-2629
E-mail:bhlee@ulsan.ac.kr
2. Michigan Technology Co., LTD.
3. Uljugun Office, Ulsan City
Abstract
Effluent of wastewater treatment plant is to be
disinfeced to protect drinking water sources.
DOF(Dissolved Ozone Flotation) was developed to
meet this purpose. A DOF is strengthened system
with ozone to a DAF(Dissolved Air Flotation)
system. A DAF system has good floating power by
technology with DAF(Dissolved Air Flotation) and
Ozone. This technology in wastewater treatment is to
use floating power of DAF and oxidation capability
of ozone. It is well known that DAF is very effective
in removal of suspended solids. And ozone is used in
wastewater treatment to kill microorganisms such as
bacteria and virus, to remove color and odor, and to
reduce COD materials (Shigeo Yasutake, 1994).
Thus DOF technology in wastewater treatment is
to obtain the several prescribed purposes such that
removing suspended solids, color, microbial agents,
odor, and COD simultaneously.
2. Methodoly
2.1 Experimental Apparatus
Pilot Plant used in the experiment consists of
rapid mixer, flocculator, and DOF tank. The diagram
of DOF is shown in FRg. 1. The detailed name in Fig.
I is explained in the following.

numerous micro-bubbles, and ozone has strong 1 Rapid 2 Flocculat 33 Reaction

oxidation capability. And DOF system has good mixer or zone
floating power and strong oxidation capability
simultaneously. When DOF was applied to 4 Floating 5 Pressurize ( 5 Compress
secondary wastewater effluent, color of 11CU in zone d tank or
raw water that was secondary effluent was
reduced to 1CU by the DOF system. Removal rate 7 Ozone 8 Pressure 9 Diffuser
of other water quality parameters treated by DOF generator pump
were also higher than that by DAF, which were
proved the strength of oxddation capability of
ozone. When ozone concentration of 6.1mg/1 were
10 Off-gas 1 1 Ozone
applied in DOF systemi, general aerobic bacteria hood destructor
were reduced to SCFU/ml from TNTC(Too many
Numbers To Coimt). With the same ozone
concentration, total coliform were not detected at
alL These figures are under the numbers of
drinking water regulation. These microbes were 9
the target maor parameters of a DOF. It was
proved that a DOF was very effective in
disinfection of wastewater treatment plant
effluent as well as in removal of color, turbidity,
and T-P.
Keywords: DOF, DAF, Ozone, Coliform, General
Fig. Diagram of DOF system used in the
bacteria, Color, Turbidity
experiment
1. Introduction
2.2 Wastewater Used
The government is to let disinfect effluent of all
wastewater treatment plants to protect drinking water Raw water used in the experiment was domestic
sources. Many wastewater treatment plants are secondary wastewater effluent of U city.
the
employing UV radiation to meet the regulation. Even Activated sludge. process was used in the wastewater
though UV radiation does not produce disinfection treatment plant And the effluent is supplied for
by-products, it also has several limitations. Because downstream water source.

secondary effluent has lot of suspended solids, DOF was applied to the effluent of the
disinfection power should be reduced remarkably by wastewater treatment plant. Effectiveness of
blocking the radiation. Microorganisms may not be disinfection was investigated by looking over
killed when they exist witiin the flocs or when the heterotrophic bacteria and E. coli. The other water
lamp is covered by dirt. It is also difficult to apply quality parameters were also analyzed such as UY
UV radiation in raw wastewater 254 absorbance, color, turbidity, SS, BOD, COD, T-
N, and T-P.

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 332 KORUS 2004

3. Results and Discussion

3.1 Results of DOF Treatment TNTC TNTC TNTC {
400
Treated water quality by DOF was satisfactory in
300
removal of turbidity, color, and T-P. Removal rates
of microbial agents were also high enough. Turbidity 200
and suspended solids were removed by floating 55
15 5
effects. T-P was removed with flocs by coagulation
100

and flocculation. However, Color and microbial 2.0(mg/1) 4.6(mg/1) 6.1(mg/1)

agents might mostly be removed by ozone. The
Ozone dosage
results of the experiments are listed in Table 1.
-N-Rw we
Table 1. Results of Wastewater Treatment Using
_

DOF Ozone Concentration in Recycled Water: Fig. 3 Removal of total aerobic bacteria by DOF with
40ppm (Ozone Dosage in Raw Water: 6.1 ppm) ozone concentration
DAF DOF 1000
Rem. Rem. 700
Raw Eff. Rate Raw Eff. Rate
_
800

E 600
Temp.([]) 23.5 3.0 __22.8 22.4 -
400
H 6.92 .84 -_6.98 6.86 200
O (mg/) -_ 5.4 10.5 _ 8 ~~0 0 1
5.2 .8
0

ABS) .131 0.085 35 0.171 0.042 75 2. O(mf l) 4. 6(mg/1e o)

6. 1 (Mgt
0Owne dosage
olor (CU) 3
5 7 11 1 91
urbidity 10.8 .8 93 12.5 0.7 4 | | Raw water EEffuent
NTU) I_
S (mg/f) 14.5 2. i 86 18.1 1.2 3
OD (mg/t) 8.3 5.2 7 .8 4.4 5 Fig. 4. Removal of coliform group by DOF with
OD (mg/f) 4.0 1.5 62 4.1 1.1 3 ozone concentration
T-N(mg/f) 13.5 9.0 33 .6 2.3 73 15
T-P (mg/t) .98 .12 B8 .84 .0 89 12
11 11

Total aerobic
acteria C C NTC5 99 -9

CFU ) 6

oliform
group 680 82 840 D124 100
MPN/ ) I_ I_ I_ I_ 01

Removal rates of water quality parameters were 2. 0(1T/ ) 4.6(mg/l1) 6.1 (mg/1)
higher in DOF than in DAF. The differences of Ozone dosage
removal rates between in DAF and in DOF were Ow*Raw water 0"*Bflent
ozone effects. Oxidation power of ozone enhanced
the removal rates. Experimental results are expressed Fig. 5. Removal of color by DOF with ozone
in Fig. 2 Fig. 5 for various applied ozone
-

concentration
concentrations.
In this investigation, dissolved ozone was used
0.20 A
._- v .-. * u. instead of dissolved air in DAF system to obtain
A AL
strong oxidation power. 6 CU-i ICU of color in raw
0.16
water was lowered to I CU, of which removal rate
_0.12 gave 83%-91%. UV-254 absorbance was also
0.072
-0.08
downed about 47% with ozone concentration of
6.1mg/l, which proved ozone oxidation effect.
0.04 ~~~~~~~~~~~~--

4. Conclusion
0.00
2.0(mg/1) 4.6(mg/1) 6.1 (mg/1) DOF is a harmonious system of DAF and ozone.
Ozone dosage This system is developed to build floating power of
Raw water * Effluent I DAF and oxidation capability of ozone
simultaneously. When a DAF was operated, removal
Fig. 2. Removal of UV-254 absorbance by DOF with rates of turbidity, suspended solids, and T-P were as
ozone concentration high as 93 86%. However when DOF was
-

operated, removal rates of most of the water quality

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MANUELA Ecology
 KORUS 2004
parameters were enhanced, so that ozone oxidation
capability Especially color was removed
was proved.
about 57% by DAF, while it was removed by up to
91% by DOF. So that ransparency of the product
water by DOF was greatly increased. One of the
major purpos of DOF was disinfection of
microorganisms. When DOF was applied to the
secondary effluent with ozone concentration of
4.6mg/i, E. coli were completely destroyed. With
ozone concentration of 6.1mg/i E. coli
completely removed, and even counts of
heterotrophic bacteria were down to 5 CFU/ml, of
which figure is under drinking water quality
standard.
References
[1] Anne Braghetta. ET AL(1997), DAF
Pretreatment: its effect on ME ance, Jour.
AWWA, 89:10:90
[2] James K. ET AL. Edzwald(2000), Giardia and
Cryptosporidium Removals by Clarification and
Filltrion, Jour. AWWA, 92:12:70
[3] James K. Edzwald. ET AL(1999), Integrating
High-rate DAF Technology into Plant Design, Jour.
AWWA, 91:12:41
[4] Matthew T. Valade. ET AL(1996), Particle
Removal by Flotation and Filtration-: Pretreatment
Effects, Jour. AWWA, 88:12:35
THE RESEARCH OF ACHINSK
SULPHATCALCIUM TERRICONIUM
REOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC
Fedorchuk Yu.M., Zkova N.S., Guzeeva T. N.
Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia
Russia, 634034 Lenin str. 30,
Phone 7-3822-56-36-98
Fax 7-3822-56-36-50
Abstract
In given clame are considered reological
characteristic of solid wastes of the Achin
fluorine aluminum grelay plant of the combine
(AGC). The directions of use sphte
wastes in production of the bilding materials and
strctures are shown.
Curently Russia industry have accumulated a
numbers industrial wastes,which after small
conversion can be used as a target product or initial
raw material. For example the solid waste of the
Achinsk fluorine aluminum greenclay plant of
Krasnoyarsk region. It accumulated there are 1 mlin.
tons of the fluorine aluminum plant lTese solid
wastes are concentrated in the manner of disposal
area teffriconium riverside Chulym Under climatic,
atmospheric, tempowry and other influences
these wastes (it else named as fluorine anhydrous
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333
solid waste) are cause of environmental pollution (
the water bodies, ground). It is known, that SCD
air,
basically consists tecnology anhydrous , presenting
itself important mineal raw matial for building
industry.
There is a practical interest to research of
chemical and physico-mechanical characteristic of
SCD to stady a possibility of utilising in production
of the building mateials, fo prration stucco in
was particular,piling and erection solutions, puttyings and
putties, active additives in cement solutions and
concrete. There is a special importance connected
with studies using SCD for production building
designs and products, for instance small-dimension
monolithic buildings and structures ( the gardlen
lodge, garages, trade boothes etc.), plates, slagbloks,
brick, sheet building products etc., i.e. products basid
on lowstamp astringent.
The test fluorine anhydrous at the depth 0,5 m
was displayed in 2003 from a surface Achinsk
sulfurcalciun terriconium. The pulpit to ecologies
was and the safety to vital activity Tomsk
polytechnical university there one organized
experiences In laboratory to stady reological
charasteristic of SCD for the reason of the forecast
esfimation and using specified in production of
building materials, designs and products.
Visually SCD presents itself granular substance
light grey colour with the sizes core andwad from 0
to 50mm. Particles with the size from 0,25 to 2,0 mm
have obviously expressed round and spherical form.
On the touch material is enough soft, its particles do
not stick together at compression.
Sizegradind composition of the sample was
defined by standardsieve with hole size from 0,125 to
10, 0 nm. Sieve analysis results arepresented in tab.
1.
Table 1. Sizegradind composition fluorine
anhydrous.
The size mo 2,0 1,2 0,5 0,2 less
of an re 5 5 tha
aperture 5,0 nO,
25
Sieve,
mm;
Weight of 29, 8,2 8,3 3,1 21, 16,
afraction, 4 8 7
%mass
From results of the analysis follows, that:
Weight of a fraction of 0,0-1,25 makes
2550r, or 51 % of taken test,
Weight of a fraction more th 1,25 mm make
2450r, or 49 % of taken test.
It means, that a guite number of SCD' is possible
be use as mineral raw material by production of
Ecdolo