ACCESSING STORIES: EXPERIENCES OF

FORMER FAST FOOD CHAIN EMPLOYEES

DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL

2023
Volume: 7
Pages: 287-298
Document ID: 2023PEMJ550
DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7682944
Manuscript Accepted: 2023-22-2
Psych Educ, 2023, 7: 286-298, Document ID:2023 PEMJ550, doi:10.5281/zenodo.7682944, ISSN 2822-4353
Research Article

Accessing Stories: Experiences of Former Fast Food Chain Employees

During theCOVID-19 Pandemic
Genevieve T. Besande*, June Mark P. Tangpos, Princess Mae M. Tutor, Maico Demi B. Aperocho
For affiliations and correspondence, see the last page.
Abstract
This study aimed to account for fast food chain employees’ experiences, responses, and insights in
acquiring assistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers used a qualitative approach
and a phenomenological method of research. The participants were seven former fast food chain
employees in Davao City who were laid off and lost their job because of the pandemic. Three themes
emerged from the former fast food chain employees’ experiences, focusing on their challenges in
accessing assistance. Four themes emerged in terms of participants’ responses to the challenges they
faced in accessing assistance. Also, four themes surfaced based on the insights of the employees from
the challenges encountered. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that the field of social work could
help improve the participants’ quality of life through developing programs or services that could
immediately respond to the concerns of former fast food chain employees.

Keywords: assistance, COVID-19 pandemic, davao city, fast food chain employees,
phenomenology

Introduction employment losses are expected (Cho, Lee, &

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has affected most
countries' business operations because of the lockdown
and community quarantine implementation. There is
lowering demand for physical stores and the closing of
some fast food businesses. As the establishments
reopen, there are only a few customers, which reduced
work hours and income, there are several layoffs to
employees, and others are unemployed (Chudik,
Mohaddes, Pesaran, Raissi, & Rebucci, 2020). Having
no job and income during a pandemic is difficult for
the employees and the family to meet their basic needs
and have no relatives or friends to ask for help. They
are equally experiencing difficulty sustaining their
needs (Garthwaite, Patrick, & Power, 2020).
In the current pandemic, coronavirus disease
significantly affects every corner of the world,
especially the countries' economic aspects. The Italian
government declared various laws that stop and end
down economic activities to prevent the increasing
number of positive patients through avoiding social
contacts that may be a way to spread the virus. Also,
the limitless usage of health emergency funds may
affect the economy's status and lead to possible effects
on its Gross Domestic Product (Figari & Fiorio, 2020).
Globally, employees working in the food industry or
manufacturers are the hardest hit by the coronavirus as
it disrupts the production and the industry in general.
The possibility of an employee losing a job depends on
the demand for the product in the market. As the
restaurant industry is considered not actual,
Wintters, 2020). The pandemic impacts on the
economy, market, and consumer behavior affect
McDonald's Corporation's financial results, outlook,
and conditions. It gives risk to continue to disrupt their
operations and use other options such as drive-thru or
delivery but with only limited hours that affect the
company's income and wages (United States Securities
and Exchange Commission, 2020). At the same time,
Jollibee Foods Corporation's sales are affected by the
pandemic. It decreased by 48.4% when half of its
stores worldwide were temporarily closed in the
pandemic outbreak (Rivas, 2020).
In the Philippines, employees of fast food chain
establishments were terminated due to low demand for
their physical stores and cessation of operations due to
implementing enhanced community quarantine (ECQ).
With this situation, it is essential to provide social
assistance to the employees, especially those who
belong to low-income families suffering from
economic hardship and ravaging the risk of their health
(De Dios, Epetia, Escresa, Gochoco, Jandoc, Magno,
& Paloyo, 2020).
According to the Labor Force Survey of the Philippine
Statistics Authority (2020), the Davao Region's
unemployment rate in April increased to 17.9 percent
from 3.1 percent in April 2019, representing the
351,000 people in the region's recent pandemic. The
pandemic did affect every individual's health and is a
threat to establishments, and will produce jobless
individuals. The Department of Labor (2020) reported
on April 5, 2020, that 200,000 workers had received

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Psych Educ, 2023, 7: 286-298, Document ID:2023 PEMJ550, doi:10.5281/zenodo.7682944, ISSN 2822-4353
Research Article
cash assistance from the government's assistance
program to alleviate the impact of the COVID-19
pandemic.
None of these specify and contain stories on what
assistance the former fast food chain employees
acquired during the recent pandemic. Thus, this study
was focused on the former fast food chain employees'
experiences accessing the government and the
employer's service and assistance during the
COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the researchers
sough to provide answers to the following questions:
(a) What are the experiences of fast food chain
employees in accessing assistance from the
government and their employers? (b) What are the
former fast food chain employees responses to the
challenges they faced? (c) What are the fast food chain
employees’ insights during the pandemic?
Methodology
Research Design
The researchers utilized a qualitative approach that
provides a thick description and factual data; a
qualitative study provides an understanding of the
participants' problems, experiences, and concepts
(Bhandari, 2020). Also used in this study is
phenomenology, which helped describe former fast
food chain employees' real-life experiences accessing
or availing of social assistance during the COVID-19
pandemic in Davao City. Phenomenology was used as
it is best used to explain experiences and certain
phenomena using the interview to gather data
(Creswell, 2013). The qualitative approach and
phenomenological inquiry helped elicit narratives that
helped the researchers identify the experiences,
responses, and insights of the selected participants in
this study.
Research Participants
The research participants were seven purposively
selected former fast food chain employees in Davao
City who had been laid off and lost their job because
of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The criteria in
choosing participants include the following: must be
living in the city or already returned to their hometown
Besande et al.
but formerly worked in a fast food chain in Davao
City, aged 18-32 old, and could be single, married, or a
student. Participants were categorized as those who
were employed and unemployed.The researchers used
purposive sampling in which only those participants
who fit based on the inclusion criteria were invited to
participate. The researchers also asked fast food chain
managers for permission and information to access
their workers who were affected by the cease operation
during the pandemic.
Analysis Treatment of Data
Before the analysis, the gathered data were prepared.
The researchers used thematic analysis in
systematically analyzing and interpreting the
narratives by the participants. It has no specific design
as it applies in case studies, phenomenology, and
narrative inquiry. "It is independent qualitative
descriptive approach mainly described as a method of
analyzing, identifying, and reporting patterns (themes)
within data" (Braun & Clark, 2006). This data analysis
plan was easy to follow and could be used by novice
and expert qualitative researchers. The process was not
complicated compared with the other techniques
(Statistic Solutions, 2021).
After the interview with each participant, the
researchers transcribed the recording. The researchers
allowed the participants to use a different language to
express their thoughts and feelings freely. They then
proceeded to the transcription and translation of the
responses. The researchers reviewed the responses of
the participants after transcribing them. To determine
each participant's related answers or phrases that may
guide in analysis, the researchers evaluated the quality
of the narratives by classifying them into codes. With
the help of a data analyst, the researchers could come
up with themes based on the generated codes.
Results and Discussion
Experiences of Former Fast Food Chain Employees
in Accessing Assistance during the COVID-19
Pandemic
Participants shared their positive and negative
experiences in claiming their assistance from their
employers and the government. Based on the findings,
the experiences have three themes, each with three
basic notions, according to the conclusions from the
data collected. The themes are Dependence on
Programs Providing Assistance, Lack of Information
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Research Article
About and Delay in the Assistance Programs, and
Unemployment and Insufficient Means to Generate
Income Resulting in Uncertainties and Debts.
Dependence on Programs Providing Assistance. Many
people lost their jobs and were reliant on government
programs that offer financial and food assistance based
on the information obtained. They depend on them and
are willing to wait for them because these forms of
assistance will help provide the necessities of their
family or themselves. They are keeping their hopes up
despite the difficulty of acquiring the much-needed
assistance.
Schmillen (2020) stated that displaced employees
might benefit from social assistance programs as a
third support line. Non-contributory interventions
usually focused on need rather than a (previous) work
relationship are known as social assistance initiatives.
Participant 1 stated that they waited for assistance for
them to support their needs.
Participant 1 said,
“Nagpaabot mi ug pila ka week bago sya na approve
sa SSS. (We waited for a few weeks before it was
approved by the SSS)”
Although unemployment insurance systems can
provide unemployed people with expanded income
assistance, surveys suggest that very long payout
cycles can act as a deterrent to looking for jobs
(Schmieder & Von Wachter, 2016). Participant 2
decided to work to find another means of living to
meet their family's basic needs.
Participant 2 expressed,
“Gi kaya jud namo kay nangita jud mi ug paagi maka
work mi ky kung wala mi work wala jud pait jud kayo.
(We endured and we looked for ways to get a job
because if we do not have work then it would be
hard.)”
Direct Provision Model by Leonard Schneiderman
(cited in Lee-Mendoza, 2008) stated that the provision
of material support, such as temporary cash support,
employment, and skill training, will improve an
individual's social functioning and help them become
productive members of society. This explains why the
former fast food chain employees depend on the
financial assistance they can avail of because they
believe this will help them reintegrate into society after
being laid off or losing their work due to the
pandemic.
Besande et al.
Lack of Information About and Delay in the Assistance
Programs. It has been revealed that the uncertainty
about whether help will be given or not added to the
participants' difficulties. In their case, the acceptance
of the aid and the cash transfer of the funds took
several weeks to months. The workers who were laid
off from their job badly needed assistance that they
were willing to wait and endure until they were given
the aid.
According to the study of the National Partnership for
Women & Families and National Employment Law
Project (2020), employers should immediately
consider offering absolute or conditional severance to
offset the time it takes for insurance to arrive.
Participants 1and 7 experienced a lack of information
and waited for quite a while to acquire the assistance.
Participant 1 said,
“Challenge jud to kay kanang dugay dugay jud to 3
weeks man tingali mi nagpaabot ato bago sya nag
approve tapos nagpaabot napud mi ug pila ka week
napud para ihulog najud sa amoang account. (It is
really challenging because it took so long, we waited
for like three weeks before it was approved then we
waited for a few weeks again so we will receive it
through our accounts.)”
Participant 7 also stated,
"Pag inquire lang namo ato sa ATM machine kay wala
padiay siya. Kay kung baga gi hinay hinay sa diay ug
hatag dili gyud siya diretso nga tanan empleyado
nakadawat bali by schedule jud siya. Wala manpod
siya naabot ug bulan pero mga two weeks bago mi
nakadawat. (When we inquire at the ATM Machine, it
shows that the assistance has not been given. They
distributed it slowly, not in one process only where
every employee will receive assistance like it has
schedule. We did not wait for a month, but we receive
it after two weeks, I think.)”
According to Clark Hull's Drive Reduction Theory of
motivation, people are driven to do particular actions
to relieve internal tensions caused by unmet demands.
People will discover strategies to satisfy their
physiological demands to decrease tension when
movements produce disequilibrium (Cherry, 2020).
The participants find ways for them to acquire any
information about the distribution of assistance. They
persuade their agency and ask for information from
time to time. Through this, they lessen the tension and
prevent them from experiencing disequilibrium.
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Research Article
Unemployment and Insufficient Means to Generate
Income Resulting in Uncertainties and Debts. The
participants’ narratives suggest that company
downsizing affected not just the employees but also
their family members. Most families' sources of
income are severely affected because of it. Due to the
pandemic, businesses and companies closed their
facilities which may be why there were very few job
openings and income-generating programs available.
According to Cooper, Mullins, and Weinstock (2021),
a loss of income may be a significant unanticipated
financial occurrence for specific households. Research
shows that people may not have any emergency funds
to be used in times like the pandemic. Participant 3
stated that once they receive the money, they pay their
debts.
Participant 3 said,
“Ano nalipay mi kay natustusan among pang-adlaw-
adlaw. Naa mi pangpalit sa bugas ana, sa mga pang
sud-an. Niya pandungag ug pangbayad sa mga utang.
(We are happy because we can buy our daily
necessities. We can buy rice and viands. And the
assistance will also be a supplementary fee for our
debts)”.
Job reduction and unemployment have long-term
noneconomic implications for unemployed workers
and their families, in addition to economic
consequences (Brand, 2015). Participant 2 stated that
they are deeply affected by the job reduction because,
at the same time, her parents have been laid off from
work.
Participant 2 said,
"Nag asa pod baya mi sa kwarta kay grabeh pod baya
to ka kuan, kay wala poy trabaho akoang mama ug
papa. Kay sirado pod ilahang kuan trabahuan. Bali
akoa nalang ato ilahang gisaligan kay wala napod mi
atoy bugas. (We are dependent on the money because
my mother and father do not have a job because the
company that they were working for decided to close
down. So, they depend also on me because we do not
have rice at that time)".
In the Direct Provision Model by Schneiderman (cited
in Lee-Mendoza, 2008), it is stated that through direct
provision of assistance, the participants will be able to
become productive members of society. However, in
the case of the participants, the delay in the assistance
caused them to become dysfunctional. They
experience uncertainties and debt while waiting for the
Besande et al.
distribution of the assistance.
R e s p o n s e s of the F o r m e r Fast Food
Chain Employees to the Challenges They Faced
In this section, the former fast food chain employees'
responses to their experiences accessing assistance
during the pandemic are presented. Based on the
findings, the insights have four themes: Proper
Coordination with Colleagues and Superiors,
Optimism and Patience as Important Traits,
Manifesting the Right Values such as Gratitude and
Resourcefulness, and Developing Good Spending
Habits.
Acquiring assistance from the government and
employer is not easy; one endures challenges and
overcomes them to provide for their needs. The
participants responded differently in accessing it, such
as communication to superior, correct values, and
patience since physical contact is prohibited to avoid
spreading the virus.
Proper Coordination with Colleagues and Superiors.
Constant communication with the persons who can
provide information and keep updated can ease the
burden of the employees. Disseminating information
during this time is very important to avoid physical
contact with other persons. As shared, the former fast
food chain employees make way to reach their
superior. Others use an online platform such as
Messenger and group chat to access information and
keep updated on the status of their assistance.
Communication is the transfer of information from one
person to another; communicating not only helps
provide your needs but also links between to other
people (Digorry, 2019). Sending inquiries repeatedly
to superiors is vital to keep the employees updated
regarding their application for assistance. Constant
effective communication at a different level between
managers and employees will help the former to
successfully evaluate the progress of the activities
undertaken by the organization's employees
(Kalogiannidis, 2020). As mentioned by Participant 2,
updating the assistance application to the company and
supervisors is one of their ways to acquire information
regarding their assistance.
Participant 2 mentioned,
“Akong gibuhat kay gi kulit nako ang manager para
ma update ko permi, usahay makulitan na sila ky pa
balik balik daw kog pangutana ug ni ingun ila nga dili
daw tanan employee maka kuha ug assistance kay
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limited lang ang slot, pero naga hulat gihapon ko ug
naga follow up. (One of the things I did that time is to
bother our manager to keep me updated, there are
times that our manager mad at me because of keeping
follow up, and she said “not all employees can get
assistance from the company because of the limited
slot” but I keep waiting and follow up to the manager)
“ confidently even if tomorrow may not come. Also, it is
Some employees acquire information through
colleagues or co-employees to easily disseminate the
information because they have the same situation.
They also look forward to getting assistance from the
government or employer. As mentioned by Participant
3, asking politely to the co-employees regarding the
assistance can help them reach the information
simultaneously.
Participant 3 said,
“Gipangutana nako sila ug tarung about sa stats sa
assistance kung nakadawat na ba sila gikan sa
government, then kung mangutana pud sila sa akoa
gina update pud nako sila. (I ask them in a good way
to know the status of the assistance if they already
acquire the assistance from the government. Likewise,
I also giving an update to them if I have information or
news from our employer.)”
The new normal setup of the manager increases their
work. In contrast, the employee's workload during this
new normal setup decreases. In the study of Bako
(2020), it was stated that employees are satisfied with
the response of the employer of where, when, and how
the organization communicated with them, others are
not satisfied, and they wished that their organization
informed them immediately regarding the updates and
changes to their work-life during the pandemic. The
theory of Hull (1943) states that people are motivated
to take specific actions and reduce internal tension.
This tension refers to the unfulfilled needs of the
person physiologically. Employees are hopeless during
times of crisis. They are finding ways to reduce the
tension they encounter, and one of their coping
strategies is to communicate to the superiors to keep
updated with their assistance that would provide for
their needs.
Optimism and Patience as Important Traits. Based on
the responses, the participants are confident that they
could acquire and avail of assistance from the
government despite the situation they faced. There
were many uncertainties but staying optimistic could
help to come out victorious. Most of them are
unemployed because of the COVID-19 pandemic, but
Besande et al.
they used it as an opportunity to grow and find ways to
survive.
Optimism is positively looking at things, even if the
odds are against it, and being confident that the
uncertain situation would lead to positive results.
Optimistic people tend to see things favorably and
one way to reduce anxiety and lower stress levels
(Scott, 2020). As the crisis gives fuel to the
participants, they are conscious that the situation they
face is temporary, and they can overcome it in just a
matter of time. Positivity in crisis as one of the coping
mechanisms varies from one person to another. Some
will find it easy, and some will have trouble (Sanhi,
2020). As mentioned by Participant 2, all things have a
reason, and all need to trust and have faith because this
situation is temporary.
Participant 2 said,
“Kinahanglan nato mo salig sa atong kaugalingon
kay ang mga nahitabo karun is temporary lang labi na
ning kapait nga atong naagian. (We need to trust in
our self because this situation is temporary especially
this financial crisis we are facing right now)”
Optimism does not play alone; patience is the key in
waiting for assistance, whether from the company or
the government because there are also helpless and
needy people. Patience is the ability to be still in the
middle of discouragement, and it is more than a skill to
practice. People need to embrace it from time to time
and become constant, whether for themselves or others
(Carver, 2016). It takes a lot of patience to wait for
something that may or may not come but waiting is the
only option as the government or the assistance from
an employer takes time before employees can get it.
This is why patience is important in this time of crisis.
In addition, patience can sharpen people's mental
health when facing uncertain situations in life and not
complaining about them. This results in a positive
outcome that leads to the persistence required when
facing challenges in life (Kashim, Long, Hasan, &
Ridzuan, 2020). As mentioned by Participant 6,
patience is important in the situation right now,
especially since acquiring assistance is not easy
because many people also need it.
Participant 6 added,
“Be patience lang gyud. Tapos mangita kag pamaagi
kung unsaon nimo pag kanang acquire katong
gipanghatag nila na assistance. (We need to extend
our patience and make a way on how we are going to
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Research Article
avail the assistance that they are giving.)”
In the theory of Hull (1943), it was stated that when
the survival of the person is at risk, the state of the
body is in need, especially when the physiological
requirements for survival are not met and the body
behaves accordingly to reduce that unfulfilled need.
When the employee's physiological needs are not met,
they are making way to fulfill it, such as applying
assistance to the government to sustain their needs and
reducing the tension they encounter.
Manifesting the Right Values such as Gratitude and
Resourcefulness. It has been found out that the
participants are thankful to the government and
employer because of the assistance provided to them
who have been affected by the pandemic.
Gratitude is more than appreciation to the people who
helped when someone was in need; it is more than
feeling thankful as it is huge respect to someone or
something that creates long-lasting encouragement
(Ackerman, 2021). Learning to look at others who are
experiencing something worse makes a person more
grateful. The participants are thankful because they
have acquired assistance even if other people need
assistance during this crisis. Jans-Beken (2020)
maintained that this time of difficulties gives people a
chance to see themselves and reflect on the current
situation. This also helps plan for the future and see
that this pandemic is an opportunity to develop coping
skills and psychological resiliency. As mentioned by
Participant 2, even if people encounter an uncertain
crisis, they need to be thankful or be appreciative of
things at present.
Participant 2 said,
"Wala ko nag expect nga maka dawat ko atong
assistance kay daghan pud kayo ug nag apply ato pero
thankful ko kay isa ko sa nakadawat sa ayuda miskan
nadugayan gamay. (I did not expect to receive
assistance from the government or company due to
huge application of the people, and I am thankful that I
am of them that received assistance even though it
takes a little longer.)”
Unemployment is one of the main problems at present;
it is rising around the globe due to the increase of the
virus. As of April 2020, the number of unemployed
Filipinos rose to 17.7%, accounting for 7.3 million
people in the labor force, according to Philippine
Statistics Authority. Being dependent on assistance is
not enough to sustain daily needs; one must acquire
means of living. The former fast food chain
Besande et al.
employees, severely affected by the situation, made
ways to survive in this challenging time. Some of them
are selling online despite the small profit as it still
helps to ease their situation. Alternative actions could
help better the situation; one must not stop striving to
make ends meet and look for the available resources
that can make a profit. Being resourceful is an edge to
meet the goal by utilizing all available resources in our
surroundings (Lee, 2018). Participants try to make new
ideas to meet their needs. Some of them applied in
other industries such as BPO and other fast food chain
establishments. As mentioned by Participant 2, even if
a bad thing happens, people need to make a way just to
live by using the available resources, whether tangible
or intangible.
Participant 2 said,
“Isa ka bulan nilabay, nag apply ko sa call center
miskan dili in line sa akoang previous nga trabaho,
pero pasalamt ko kay na gidawat ko nila ug maka
tabang sa among pang adlaw-adlaw. (Month after
lockdown, I apply to BPO Company even if it is not
linked to my previous work, but I am thankful that
they hired me, and it helps to sustain my needs)”
Hull's (1943) theory argues that people are motivated
to take specific actions due to unstable situations. Hull
used the term drive into a state of stress and caused by
biological or psychological conditions. When tensions
arise, people tend to find ways to reduce them, and one
way to cope with this situation is to deal with it by
satisfying physiological needs. Fast food chain
employees are not limiting their capacities as they are
resourceful in this time crisis by making means of
living and looking for a way to reduce their burden in
life.
Developing Good Spending Habits. The participants
also highlighted the importance of saving money to
have a fund during the crisis. Since the time is
difficult, good spending habits are imperative,
especially during lockdown since most participants do
not have any savings or emergency funds to sustain
their needs. Mendez-Carbajo (2020) found out that the
COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected consumer
spending habits. Before, some people would dine-in
restaurants, but they just made a meal at home due to
the economic recession. The demand for goods and
services also decreased, especially in the hospitality
industry where people limit; hence, the travel and hotel
services decreased.
Spending habit is defined as people spending on goods
and services such as food, clothing, and medicine.
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Budgeting money is an edge to save for tomorrow's
needs, especially during emergencies. Budgeting will
allow one to have a safety net that will prevent one
from drowning. People need to live below their means,
disregarding the current societal trends and focusing
on saving for the personal and family good (Brancato,
2021). As for Participant 6, people need to save as
much as they can in the current situation, especially
when facing uncertainties, as there are also
uncontrollable things.
Participant 6 said,
“Kailangan nato mag ipon kung naa tay extra kay dili
lalim mangita ug kwarta karung panahona. (We need
to save if we have extra in our pocket because it is not
easy to find money during this crisis.)”
As the situation gives fuel to the financial aspect of the
employees, knowing the priorities and need is vital to
develop good spending habits. The employees
highlighted that buying things that are not needed in
current times is a waste of money; proper budgeting
and spending are essential in times of financial crisis.
Saving for the needs that may arise the next day is a
big help, and saving sufficiently for tomorrow is
crucial. One needs to look not only today but decades
from now and prioritize the needs. Making a budget
plan, tracking the expenses, and understanding the
cash flow can make one realize the importance of
saving in life (Welch, 2021). This is supported by
Participant 5, who shared that saving is significant,
especially today.
Participant 5 said,
"Sa panahon nga gipit, kailangan nato maging wise
sap ag gasto sa kwarta, kailangan paliton ang
kinahanglan lang ug dili tong kagustuhan (In times of
financial crisis, we need to use our fund or money in
the right thing and necessary, and we need to save as
much as we can.)”
In Hull's (1943) theory, it was stated that people are
motivated to take specific actions when the body is in
tension, or physiological needs are not met. People
will find ways to reduce this drive and fulfill their
psychological and physiological needs to reduce this
tension. When the COVID-19 pandemic struck
globally, a lot of realizations were made. Saving
money has been one of the realizations of the
employees; they highlighted the importance of saving
money, especially when there are unanticipated
situations. In relation to this theory, fast food
employees are making means or saving money to
Besande et al.
reduce the tension and sustain their needs during times
of emergency.
Insights of Former Fast Food Chain Employees
during the Pandemic
This section presents the former fast food chain
employees' insights on their experiences and responses
to assistance during the pandemic. Presented here are
the participants' realization and understanding of their
situation at the time of the pandemic. Based on the
findings, the insights fall under three themes. These
are Proactive Financial Discipline, Not Focusing Only
on Own Struggles, but Also on the Difficulty of
Others, and Grabbing Opportunities to Help Others in
Need.
Proactive Financial Discipline. Former fast food chain
employees understand the importance of savings or
money when faced with a difficult situation such as a
pandemic. As employees were laid off and lost their
job during the lockdown, this comes with an insight to
spend wisely and save money; unexpected situations
may happen in the future.
In the Economic Research Institute (2021) research on
the salary survey acquired from employer and
anonymous employees, the fast food chain workers'
average gross salary in the Philippines is ₱133,572 or
□ 64 as an hourly rate. As an employee with a
minimum wage and working in the fast food chain
industry, it is the only source of income to sustain their
daily needs, and it will be challenging to have savings
(Bernal, 2019). It was also mentioned that some of the
employees have debts to sustain their needs during the
lockdown. Losing their job in times of the pandemic
also affects the households of each employee because
this kind of situation is unanticipated to them, which is
one reason for not having any emergency funds. On
the other hand, in response to their situation, the
former fast food chain employees are developing a
good spending habit due to tight money during the
lockdown. Braxton (2020) mentioned, "The pandemic
taught us that financial discipline is possible." This
will allow people to reflect on the excess indulges and
realize the importance of saving intentionally and
spending money wisely, which would result in
neglecting the pleasures of life such as travelling and
dining out and focusing more on how to budget and
spend for necessities. Participant 7 mentioned that it is
important to save regardless of the salary to be
prepared for what may happen in the future.
Participant 7 shared,
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Research Article
“Importante gyud kaayo ang kwarta ato na time kay
pandemic baya jud. Lockdown, wala kay trabaho.
(Money is very important in that time of pandemic
especially when there's an implementation of
lockdown and you can't work.)”
In the Drive Reduction Theory of Motivation by Hull
(1943), people are motivated to take specific actions to
reduce the tensions caused by deviations or
disequilibrium (Cherry, 2020). Due to the
circumstances the former fast food chain employees
encountered, they learned and realized the need to
avoid spending too much on their pleasures but rather
to manage their money wisely to prepare for an
unanticipated situation in the future.
Not Focusing Only on Own Struggles, but also the
Difficulties of Others. One of the core ideas revolving
around this theme is the insights of fast food chain
employees in acquiring assistance during the COVID
19 pandemic and being satisfied and grateful for the
benefits. According to Blumberg et al. (2020), the
cease operations of businesses resulted in
unemployment to their people, which would be
difficult not only for their employees but also for their
families. In spite of the existing insurance program, it
will be harder for the newly unemployed worker to
acquire assistance.
Another point from this theme's central idea is that the
fast food chain employees shared that amid the
company's challenges through the lockdown, they
could still support their employees' needs. Rappler
(2020) reported that fast food chain companies
released their emergency funds to aid their employee's
needs. Aside from donating medical and food supplies
to the frontliners during a pandemic, they also aid their
employees.
Participant 3 said,
“Uh narealize nako nga lisud, lisud ang panginabuhi
nga ingani nga pandemya tapos lisud pud sa part sa
employer… dili lalim ilang trabaho. (I realize how it’s
hard to make a living in this time of pandemics, and
also how difficult it is on the part of our employer as
they are also affected of the pandemic...what they are
doing is not easy.)”
Fast food chain employers are not all alone in aiding
the employees during lockdowns. The government
also ensures services such as food and cash assistance.
The Social Security System (SSS) brings about 1.2
billion pesos for those affected by unemployment
during the pandemic. Social workers, as one of the
Besande et al.
vital frontliners of the government in the time of the
pandemic, deliver essential services to the people
affected by the lockdown despite risking their health or
life every time they are doing their job with clients and
organizations (Abrams & Dettlaff, 2020). Participant 2
stated that social workers are a part of the government
delivering services and helping people in the
pandemic.
Participant 2 said,
“Mga social worker na kanang mga nagatabang pud
sa mga kuan mga naga assist pud sa mga tao… dili
lalim jud ang kaagi sa social worker … sila ang
murag sila jud ang kuan ato kanang pinaka busy ato
na time na pandemic. (The social workers who help
and assist the people in pandemic... what they have
encounter and experiencing in their job is not easy...
they are one of the busiest in the time of the
pandemic.)"
This theme can be explained further by the theory of
Clayton Alderfer about Existence, Relatedness,
Growth, or the ERG Theory. The former fast food
chain employees' insights of focusing on their hardship
and the difficulty of others connect in the level of
relatedness of the ERG Theory. In the level of
relatedness, an individual seeks to establish a good
relationship with their significant others as it is a
person's social need such as interpersonal interactions.
The former fast food chain employees' sympathy
towards their employer and unfortunate people close to
them who are also struggling during the pandemic is
evidence of this relatedness.
Grabbing Opportunities to Help Others in Need. One
of the insights of the former fast food chain employees
in accessing assistance is to help others whose
situation is worse despite personal concerns. At the
same time, there is the importance of prioritizing the
family's needs first before personal interest.
The easiest way to start is with the closest community
to help other people in crisis, especially during the
coronavirus pandemic. One can give back blessings or
extra cash by extending assistance to people who could
be neighbors, relatives, friends, and co-workers
(Weber, 2021). On the other hand, because of the
pandemic, consumer behavior changed, giving value to
differentiate between their wants and needs. In their
economic downturns, people are now more concerned
about their primary and essential needs for survival,
predominantly food, rent, and medications (Wilson,
2020). Participant 4 mentioned that it is significant to
help and support other people in need even during a
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Research Article
pandemic.
Participant 4 said,
"During this pandemic, um I realize na despite of this
kind of challenge, despite of sadness, despite of um…
this crisis, we have things we need to be unite… those
people na like kailangan jud siyag need tabangan sad
siguro nato sila. So murag akoang think ana is murag
pwede nako i-share akoang blessings na gihatag
sakoa. (During this pandemic, I realized that despite
this kind of challenge, despite the sadness, despite this
crisis, we have things, we need to be united… those
people that are more in need of assistance we should
also help them. I thought I could also share my
blessing.)."
In the ERG Theory or the Existence, Relatedness,
Growth Theory by Clayton Alderfer, there is
importance to first fill the level of existence as the start
of the hierarchy. In this theme, the former fast food
chain employees acquire and sustain their basic needs
in the time of pandemic through accessing assistance
fulfill the stage of existence of the ERG Theory. The
fulfillment of their own basic needs leads the
participants to their level of relatedness and growth.
Based on the results, newly found experiences,
responses, and insights emerged in analyzing the data
gathered from the former fast food chain employees.
The themes and their core ideas were explained based
on the given related literature and study. Along with
the discussion are the verbatim responses of the
participants from the data gathering of the study.
Furthermore, the results and analysis were guided and
concluded to the theories incorporated in this study.
Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that social work
could aid the vulnerable of society through social
services or assistance programs. As one of the front
liners and practitioners, social workers aim to improve
people's social functioning. They could help the fast-
food chain employees by providing immediate
response to their financial needs and a convenient way
to access assistance, especially in the pandemic. When
restaurants and fast-food chains are forced to stop their
operations, they are one of the workers in the business
industry that was significantly affected at the time of
lockdown. In addition, even their only source of
income is not considered essential in society and even
has a low possibility of going back to work. Social
Besande et al.
workers may need to give attention to the fast-food
chain employees' experiences, responses, and insights
when accessing assistance during the COVID-19
pandemic. Moreover, the social workers may help the
fast-food chain employees access assistance to respond
to their family's immediate needs, such as food, water,
and medicine. This helps them to get through their loss
due to the pandemic. In this case, the social work
profession will be evident through improving the
welfare of the former fast-food chain employees
through services such as assistance programs.
Social work helps improve the quality of life of
individuals and families in the community and
supports them to restore their social functioning. The
themes identified in this study will help determine the
fast food employees' experiences when accessing
assistance. At the same time, how their experiences
drive their given responses to their situation and how
these circumstances influence their insights. And as
one of the front liners during the pandemic, they can
take in hand in the improvement on delivering
programs and services; based on the given difficulties
of some participants in waiting and accessing
assistance. Additionally, social workers can address
the development of the process in providing
government programs and services and connecting
with private companies to assist their systems with
regards to the provision of assistance services, which
is necessary for the employer's and employee's well-
being. At the same time, the findings of this study will
serve as references for future study in relation to
stories of fast food chain employees' experiences,
responses, and insights in accessing assistance during
COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, future
researchers could compare the process of delivering
assistance in such emergent phenomena. As well the
differences or relative of the way of accessing the
assistance.
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