Transformasi Austenite

IT/TTT diagrams
Metalurgi II, Kuliah #2
Austenite transformation

Very slow or slow

cooling with Fast cooling with
“additional “additional conditions”
conditions”

2
Fe-Fe3C Equilibrium Diagrams

Equilibrium means
“a very slow cooling
transformation”

https://www.doitpoms.ac.uk/tlplib/microstructural_exam/steels.php
Eutectoid reaction (1)
Eutectoid mechanism and microstructure

500x, 4% picral,light white =ferrite

Eutectoid • Growth and structure of pearlite: (a) redistribution of carbon
and iron, and (b) photomicrograph of the pearlite lamellae
mechanism and (2000x). (From ASM Handbook, Vol. 7, (1972), ASM
microstructure International, Materials Park, OH 44073.)
Hypoeutectoid steel
Hypoeutectoid steel

Etchant=nital, white =ferrite

Hypereutectoid steel
Hypereutectoid steel

Picral, white Fe3C

Phase transformation in details
Step for phase transformation are
1. Nucleation
2. Growth

Fe Fe3C
g Eutectoid
transformation (cementite)

(Austenite) +
a
C (BCC)
FCC (ferrite)

Transforming one phase into another takes

time
Phase Transformations

Nucleation
• nuclei (seeds) act as templates on which crystals grow
• for nucleus to form rate of addition of atoms to nucleus must be
faster than rate of loss
• One NUCLEATED,GROWTH proceeds until equilibrium is attained

Driving force to nucleate increases as we increase T

– Supercooling/undercooling

Small supercooling → slow nucleation rate - few nuclei - large crystals

Large supercooling → rapid nucleation rate - many nuclei - small crystals

12
Radius kritis

r* = critical radius
− 2gTm g = surface free energy
r* =
Hf T Tm = melting temperature
Hf = latent heat of solidification
T = Tm - T = supercooling

Note: Hf and g are weakly dependent on T

 r* decreases as T increases

For typical T r* ~ 10 nm

13
Rate of Phase Transformation
Fraction transformed, y
transformation complete
Fixed T
0.5 maximum rate reached – now amount
unconverted decreases so rate slows
rate increases as surface area increases
t0.5 & nuclei grow

log t Adapted from

Fig. 10.10,
Callister &
Rethwisch 8e.

14
Austenite →
pearlite
transformation
Austenite→pearlite transformation
17
Nucleation and Growth
Nucleation and Growth

19
Transformation to IT Diagrams
Isothermal Transformation Diagrams
22
 High Temp Room Temp
Bath Bath

100% Martensite
Time-Temperature-Transformation curve
(TTT-curve)
T

Time to 50% completion

time
T

T1

10% 50% 90%

time
1
0.9

f = fraction transformed
f 0.5

0.1
0
27
28
Critical temperatures (1)

Critical Temp. Change on Heating Change on Cooling

A1 Pearlite to Austenite Austenite to pearlite
A2 Loss of ferromagnetism Gain of ferromagnetism
A3 Last ferrite absorbed in austenite First ferrite nucleates from austenite
Acm Last cementite absorbed in austenite First cementite nucleates from austenite
A4 First d-iron forms from austenite Last d-iron dissolves in austenite 32