DATA

-3
pcf := lb ft KC

Proses
Operating temperature Ti := 54.444 C

Pressure design Pd := 1200psi

Production life t p := 21yr

mm
Corrosion rate Cr := 0.12
yr

Berat jenis gas ρgas := 3.4pcf

Pipa

Material API 5L X-56 SMYS := 56000psi

SMTS := 71000psi

Diameter pipa OD := 30in

Young modulus Ep := 30000000psi
Poisson ratio baja υbaja := 0.3

-6 -1
Thermal coefficient Tc := 11.7 10 C

Berat jenis baja ρbaja := 490pcf

Lapisam anti korosi t cor := 2.5mm

Berat jenis lapisan anti korosi ρcor := 59pcf

Material beton ρbet := 190pcf

Lingkungan Zona 4

Hydrodynamic coefficient C m := 3.29 C L := 0.9

Astronomical tide HWS := 0.54m LWS := 0.57m

Strom surge S1yr := 0.06m S100yr := 0.19m

Kecepatan arus di 90% dari kedalaman perairan

 m m
V1yr := 0.4 V100yr := 0.51
s s

Gelombang Hs1yr := 2.06m Hs100yr := 4.93m

Ts1yr := 5.84s Ts100yr := 8.95s

Hmax1yr := 3.64m Hmax100yr := 7.71m

Type tanah find sand

1. INTERNAL PRESSURE CONTAINMENT

Maximum water depth d max := 72m

Minimum water dept d min := 55m

usage factor ηh1 := 0.72 ηh2 := 0.72

Temperature Derating Factor kt := 1

lb
Seawater density ρsw := 64
3
ft

Maximum external pressure Pemax := ρsw g dmax Pemax = 104.987  psi

Pemin := ρsw g d min Pemin = 80.198 psi

Corrosion allowance t allow := 0.125in

Standard DNV 81
Zone 1
Pd - Pemin  OD
Minimun Req. Wall Thickness t DNV1 := t DNV1 = 0.417 in
2 ηh1 SMYS kt

nominal wall thickness tnomDNV1 := t DNV1 + t allow tnomDNV1 = 0.542 in

zone 2

Pd - Pemin  OD
Minimun Req. Wall Thickness t DNV2 := t DNV2 = 0.417 in
2 ηh2 SMYS kt

nominal wall thickness tnomDNV2 := t DNV2 + t allow tnomDNV2 = 0.542 in

Standard ASME B31.8

Longitudinal joint factor E := 1

S1 := 0.72 E SMYS S1 = 40320 psi

S2 := 0.72 E SMYS S2 = 40320 psi

Design Hoop Stress

Pd OD
Minimun wall thickness t1B31.8 := t1B31.8 = 0.446 in
2 S1

Pd OD
t2B31.8 := t2B31.8 = 0.446 in
2 S2

Nominal wall thickness tnom1B31.8 := t1B31.8 + t allow tnom1B31.8 = 0.571 in

tnom2B31.8 := t2B31.8 + t allow tnom2B31.8 = 0.571 in

Kesimpulan
DNV81
Zone1 tnomDNV1 = 0.542 in

Zone2 tnomDNV2 = 0.542 in

2. BUCKLING & COLLAPSE

Wall thickness t := tnomDNV1 t = 0.542 in

Internal Diameter ID := OD - 2  t ID = 28.917 in

Permissible usage factor ηxp := 0.96 ηyp := 0.82

Installation temp Tins := 20C

Calculation

Longitudinal Stress - Axial Stress

Pd 
π 2
ID 
Axial stress due to end effect σend :=
4  σend = 15723.163 psi
π
4
(
 OD - ID
2 2
)

Axial stress due to  Pd ID - Pemin OD 

Poissom effect σpois := -υbaja  
 2 t 

σpois = -8944.235 psi

Longitudinal/axial σp := σend + σpois σp = 6778.928 psi

strain by internal pressure

Thermal Stress

(
σter := Ep Tc Ti - Tins ) σter = 12089.844 psi

Toatal axial stress σtot := σp + σter σtot = 18868.772 psi

BUCKLING

Longitudinal Stress σxN := σtot σxN = 18868.772 psi

due to axial comp
Longitudinal stress
σxM := 0.72 SMYS σxM = 40320 psi
due to moment

Longitudinal stress σx := σxN + σxM σx = 59188.772 psi

Critical longitudinal stress (N act alone)

OD
σxcr_N := SMYS if < 20
t

SMYS 1 - 0.001  - 20 if 20 <

OD OD
< 100
  t  t

σxcr_N = 54018.039 psi

Critical longitudinal stress (M act Alone)

σxcr_M := SMYS  1.35 - 0.0045

OD 
 σxcr_M = 61641.176 psi
 t 

Critical longitudinal stress

σxN σxM
σxcr :=  σxcr_N +  σxcr_M σxcr = 59210.998 psi
σx σx

Hoop stress σy :=
(Pd - Pemax)  OD σy = 30327.571 psi
2 t

2
σyE := Ep 
t 
Hoop Stress elastic  σyE = 10140.25 psi
 OD - t 
Critical Hoop Stress

2
σycr := σyE if σyE   SMYS
3
 
2
 
1 2  SMYS  2
SMYS 1 -   if σyE > 3  SMYS
 3 3 σyE
  
 σycr = 10140.25 psi

 300 σy 
α := 1 +    α = 17.198
OD σycr
 
 t 

 σ α
σy 
 x 
buck := "OK" if 
 η σ  + η σ   1
 xp xcr  yp ycr
"Need More Thickness" otherwise

buck = "Need More Thickness"

 σ α
σy 
 x 
 η  σ  + η  σ  = 5.652
 xp xcr  yp ycr

ketebalan pipa diganti menjadi t := 1.1in

Internal Diameter ID := OD - 2  t ID = 27.8 in

Permissible usage factor ηxp := 0.96 ηyp := 0.82

Installation temp Tins := 20C

CACULATION

Longitudinal Stress - Axial Stress

Pd 
π 2
ID 
Axial stress due to end effect σend :=
4  σend = 7293.237 psi
 ( OD - ID )
π 2 2
4

Axial stress due to  Pd ID - Pemin OD 

Poissom effect σpois := -υbaja  
 2 t 

σpois = -4221.007 psi

Longitudinal/axial σp := σend + σpois σp = 3072.23  psi
strain by internal pressure

Thermal Stress

(
σter := Ep Tc Ti - Tins ) σter = 12089.844 psi

Toatal axial stress σtot := σp + σter σtot = 15162.074 psi

BUCKLING

Longitudinal Stress σxN := σtot σxN = 15162.074 psi

due to axial comp

Longitudinal stress
σxM := 0.72 SMYS σxM = 40320 psi
due to moment

Longitudinal stress σx := σxN + σxM σx = 55482.074 psi

Critical longitudinal stress (N act alone)

OD
σxcr_N := SMYS if < 20
t

SMYS 1 - 0.001  - 20 if 20 <

OD OD
< 100
  t  t

σxcr_N = 55592.727 psi

Critical longitudinal stress (M act Alone)

σxcr_M := SMYS  1.35 - 0.0045

OD 
 σxcr_M = 68727.273 psi
 t 

Critical longitudinal stress

σxN σxM
σxcr :=  σxcr_N +  σxcr_M σxcr = 65137.88 psi
σx σx
 (Pd - Pemax)  OD
Hoop stress σy := σy = 14931.997 psi
2 t

2
σyE := Ep 
t 
Hoop Stress elastic  σyE = 43462.123 psi
 OD - t 

Critical Hoop Stress

2
σycr := σyE if σyE   SMYS
3
 2
 if σ > 2  SMYS
2  SMYS 
 
1
SMYS 1 - 
  yE 3
 3
 3 σyE  

σycr = 42226.687 psi

 300 σy 
α := 1 +    α = 4.89
OD σycr
 
 t 

 σ α
σy 
 x 
buck := "OK" if  + 1
 η σ  ηyp  σycr
 xp xcr  
"Need More Thickness" otherwise

buck = "OK"

 σ α
σy 
 x 
+ = 0.988
 η  σ  ηyp σycr
 xp xcr  

PROPAGATING PRESSURE

2
Ppr := π 1.15 SMYS 
t 
 Ppr = 293.106 psi
 OD - t 

(
if Ppr  Pemax , "More Thickness" , "OK" = "OK" )
Pemax
k := k = 0.023
1.15π SMYS
 Minimum wall thickness due to propagating pressure
k OD
t nom := t nom = 0.668 in
1+k

COLLAPSE PRESSURE
The critical collapse pressure for a perfect pipe is
3
2  Ep
   t
C I :=  C I = 3250.305 psi
1 - υbaja
2  
OD

constant of quadratic equation are:

a := 1

b := -2  SMYS +  1 + 0.03

t OD  
  CI b = -10016.313 psi
 OD  t  

t 14 2
c := 2 SMYS  CI c = 6.345  10 Pa
OD

(2 )
0.5
Det := b - 4  a c Det = 6850.9 psi

-b + Det
x1 := x1 = 8433.607 psi
2 a

-b - Det
x2 := x2 = 1582.706 psi
2 a

Critical collapse pressure is the least positif root

Pcr := x1 if x1 < x2 Pcr = 1582.706 psi
x2 otherwise

(
if Pcr  Pemax , "More Thickness" , "OK" = "OK" )

Safety factor against Pcr

SF := SF = 15.075
pressure collapse Pemax
Ti = 54.444 C

AP1111

1200 = 0.45 ( 56000 + 71000)  ln  solve  0.31167697947977409677

30

 30 - 2  t 

t
1200 = 0.9 ( 56000 + 71000)  solve  0.31168831168831168831
30 - t

DNV 2000
3 = 1.732
2 t 2
1200 =  56000 solve  0.27579813020615857154
30 - t 1.732
 d max = 236.22 ft

ft
g = 32.174
2
s
OD = 30 in
σx = 59188.772 psi
σxcr = 59210.998 psi
t = 1.1 in
t = 1.1 in