P S Y C H OL OGY OF TH E U N C O NS C I O U S

DR C G JU N G
. . .

PSY CH OL OGY OF TH E UNC O N S CI OU S

 P S Y C H O L O GY OF
TH E U N CO N S C I O U S
.

A S tudy of th e Transform ations

and S ym b olism s of th e L ibido

A Contribu tion to th e H istory of th e E v olu tion of Though t

BY

D R C G J U NG
. . .

O f th e U n i v e rs ity of ic
Z ur h

A UT H O RI Z E D TR A N S L A T I O N W I TH I NTR O DU CTI O N B Y
. ,

B E AT R I C E M H I NK L E
.
, M D . .

i D i
O f t h e N e u ro l o g c al e p a rt m e n t o f C o rne ll U n v e rs t y Me d c ali i
S c h o o l and o f t h e N e w Y o rk P o st G ra d ua t e Me d c a l S c h ooli

MO F F AT Y AR D A N D C O MP A N Y
‘

N E W Y O RK
 C o pyrigh t . 1 91 6 , b y

MO F F A T , Y A R D AN D C O MP A N Y
N EW Y O RK

Al l rig h t s res e rv e d
 T RA N S L AT O R S N O T E
’

T H AT hu m anity is s e e k ing a ne w m e ss ag e a ne w l ight

,

upo n t h e m e aning o f l if e and so m e th ing t ang ibl e as it

, ,

w e r e w ith wh ich it c an wo rk tow ards a l arg e r u nd e r

,

st and ing o f its e l f and it s r e l at io n to t h e u niv e rs e is a ,

f act I th ink n o ne w ill g ains ay Th e r e for e it h as .

,

s e e m e d to m e p art icul arly t im e ly to introduc e to t he E ng

l ish sp e ak ing world D r Ju ng s r e m ark abl e book W and
-
.
’
,

lu ng e n und S ymbol e de r L ib ido I n th is wo rk h e h as

.

plu ng e d boldly into t he tr e ach e rou s se a o f m ythology and

folklor e t h e pro duct io ns o f t h e anc ie nt m ind and th at o f
,

t h e commo n p e opl e and tur ne d upo n th is v ast m at e r ial

,

t he s am e sc ie nt ifi c and p ain st ak ing m e thod o f p sycholog ic

an alys is th at is appl ie d to t h e mod e rn m ind in o rd e r to ,

r e v e al t h e co mm o n bond o f d e s ir e and lo ng ing wh ich

‘

u nit e s all hum anity and thus br idg e t h e g aps pr e su m e d

,

to e x ist b e tw e e n anc ie n t and w id e ly s e p ar at e d p e opl e s and

thos e o f ou r m od e r n t im e T h e d iscov e ry o f th is u nd e r
.

curr e n t af fe ct ing and influ e nc ing an c ie nt p e opl e s as w e ll

as mod e r n s e rv e s as a fo und at io n o r pl at fo rm from wh ich

h e p roc e e ds to hold alo ft a ne w id e al a ne w go al o f

‘

att ainm e nt po ss ibl e o f ach ie v e m e nt and wh ich c an b e in

t e l l e ct u al ly s at is fy ing as w e ll as e mot io nally app e al ing

,

t he go al o f m o r al au t o no my .

Th is book r e m ark abl e fo r it s e rud it io n and t he t re

,

m e ndo us l abo r e xp e n d e d upo n it as w e ll as for t h e ne w

,
0
V
v i TRAN S L ATO R S N O T E
’

l ight wh ich it sh e d s upo n hu m an l ife it s mot iv e s it s , ,

ne e ds and it s p o ss ib il it ie s is no t o ne fo r d e sultory r e ad
,

ing o r sup e rfic ial e x am inat io n S u ch an app ro ach w ill

.

p r e v e nt t h e r e ad e r fro m g aining anyth ing o f it s r e al

v alu e ; but fo r t ho s e who c an b r ing a s e r i o u s int e r e st and
W ill ingne ss t o g iv e a c a r e ful study to it t h e work w ill
p rov e to b e a v e r it abl e m ine c ap abl e o f yie ld ing t h e
gr e at e st r iche s .

T h e d iffi cult ie s in tr ansl at ing a book su ch as th is are .

al m o st in sup e r abl e but I h av e tr ie d f aith fully to e xpr e ss

,

D r Ju ng s thought k e e p ing as clos e to t he or ig inal t e xt

.
’
,

as poss ibl e and at t h e s am e t im e ,

r e nd e r ing t he d iffi cult
,

m at e r ial and co m pl ic at e d G e r m an phr as ing as s im ply and

cl e arly as t h e subj e ct m att e r would allow I n all th is
-
.

work I o w e mu ch to M is s H e l e n I B r ayton w ithout .

,

whos e faith ful ass ist anc e t h e work would ne v e r h av e b e e n

co m pl e t e d I W ish to acknowl e dg e m y gr at itud e to M r
. .

L ou is U nt e r m e y e r whos e h e lp in r e nd e r ing t h e po e t ic
,

quot at ion s into E ngl ish v e rs e h as b e e n inv alu abl e and to ,

e xpr e ss as w e ll my gr at itu d e to oth e r fr ie nds who h av e

a ss ist e d m e in v ar iou s w ays from t im e to t im e .

B M H . . .

N EW Y o u , 1 91 5 .
AN I N T R O D U C T I O N T O P S Y C H O A N A L Y S I S
AN D A N A L Y T I C P S Y C H O L O G Y

W H E N P ro f e sso r F r e u d o f Vie nna m ad e h is rly

ea

d iscov e r ie s in t h e r e al m o f t h e ne u ro s e s and annou nc e d

,

th at t he b as is and or ig in o f t h e v ar iou s sy m ptoms

group e d u nd e r t h e t e r m s hyst e r ia and ne u ros e s l ay in
u nfulfill e d d e s ir e s and w ish e s u ne xp r e ss e d and u nk nown
,

to t he p at ie nt fo r t he m o st p art and co nc e r ne d ch ie fly
,

w ith t h e s e xu al inst inct it w as no t r e al iz e d W h at far

,

r e ach ing influ e nc e th is u npopul ar and b itt e rly att ack e d

th e o ry would e x e rt o n t he u nd e rst and ing o f hum an l if e
in g e ne r al
.

F o r th is th e ory h as so w id e ne d in it s scop e th at it s
appl ic at io n h as no w e xt e nd e d b e yo n d a p art icul ar group

o f p atholog ic st at e s . I t h as in f act l e d to a ne w e v al ua
t io n o f t h e Wh ol e co nduct o f hu m an l if e ; a ne w co m pr e
h e nsio n h as d e v e lop e d wh ich e xpl ains thos e th in gs wh ich
for m e rly w e r e u ne xpl aine d and th e r e is offe r e d an
,

u nd e rst and ing no t o nly o f t he symptoms o f a ne uros is

and t h e ph e n o m e na o f co n duct but t h e produ ct o f t h e

m in d as e xpr e ss e d in m yth s and r e l ig io n s .

Th is am az ing growth has pro c e e d e d st e ad ily in an

e v e r w id e n in g fa sh io n d e sp it e oppo s it io n as v iol e nt as
-

any o f wh ich w e h av e k n owl e dg e in t h e p ast . T h e c rit i

c ism or ig inally d ir e ct e d tow a rds t h e l ittl e u nd e rstood and
 I N TRO D U C T I O N

m u ch d isl ik e d s e xu al co nc e pt io n no w includ e s t h e furth e r

t e ach ings o f a p sychology wh ich by t he appl ic at io n to it
o f such d am ning phr as e s as m yst ic al m e t aphys ic al and
,

s acr il e g ious is co nd e m ne d as u nsc ie nt ific

, .

To add to t he g e ne r al co n fus io n and m isunde rt anding

surrou n d ing th is ne w school o f th o ught th e r e h as ar is e n
a d iv is io n amo ngst t h e l e ad e rs th e m s e lv e s so th at th e r e
,

no w e x ist two scho o ls l e d r e sp e ct iv e ly by P r o fe s so r

S igm u nd F r e u d o f Vie nna and D r C arl Ju ng o f Z u r ich
.
,

r e f e rr e d to in t h e l it e r atur e as t he V ie nn a S chool and

t h e Z u r ich S chool .

I t is v e ry e asy to u nd e rst and th at cr it ic is m and oppo s i

t ion should d e v e l o p ag ain st a p sycholo gy so d iffi cul t o f
co m pr e h e ns io n and so d isturb ing to t h e id e as wh ich h av e
,

b e e n h e ld by hum anity fo r ag e s ; a p sychol o gy wh ich

fu rth e r m or e r e qu ir e s a sp e c ial t e ch niqu e as w e ll as an
ob s e rv e r tr aine d to r e cogniz e and appr e c i at e 1 n p sycho
log ic ph e no m e na a v e r ific at io n o f t he st at e m e nt th at
th e r e is no su ch th ing as ch an c e and th at e v e ry act and
,

e v e ry e xpr e ss io n h as it s o w n m e aning d e t e rm ine d by t h e

,

inne r f e e l ings and w ish e s o f t h e ind iv idu al .

I t is no t a simpl e m att e r to co m e out boldly and st at e

th at e v e ry ind iv idu al is to a l arge e xt e nt t h e d e t e r m ine r
o f his o wn d e st iny fo r o nly by po e ts and ph ilo soph e rs
,

—
h as th is id e a b e e n put forth no t by s c ie nc e ; and it is a
br av e act to m ak e th is st at e m e nt w ith full co n sc iou s ne s s
o f all it s m e aning and t o st and r e ady to prov e it by
,

sc ie nt ific r e aso ning and pr o c e du r e

D e v e lop e d e nt ir e ly thr o ugh e m pl rl c al inv e st ig at io n and
through an analys is o f ind iv idu al c as e s F r e ud ian p sy
,
 I N TRO D U C T I O N ix

c h o l o gy s e e ms p art icul arly t o b e lo ng t o th at co nc e pt io n

o f M ax M ull e r s th at An e mp ir ic al acqu aint an c e w ith
’

f act s r is e s to a s c ie nt ific knowl e dg e o f fac t s as soo n as

t h e m m d d iscov e rs b e ne ath t h e mult ipl ic ity o f s ingl e
”
p roduct io n s t h e u nity o f an org anic syst e m .

P sycho analys is is t he n am e g iv e n to t h e m e thod d e

v e l o p e d fo r r e ach ing dow n int o t h e h idd e n d e pths o f t h e

ind iv idu al to br ing t o l ight t h e u nd e rly ing mot iv e s and

d e t e r m inants o f h is sympt o m s and att itud e s and to r e v e al ,

t h e u n co n sc io u s t e n d e n c ies wh ich lie b e h ind a ct io n s and

r e act io n s and wh ich in flu e n c e d e v e lopm e nt and d e t e rm ine

t h e re l at io n s o f l if e its e l f T h e r e sult o f d igg ing dow n
.

into t h e h idd e n p sych e h as b e e n to p roduc e a m as s o f

m at e r ial fro m b e low t h e thr e sh o ld o f c o n sc iou s ne ss so ,

asto nish ing an d d isturb ing and out o f r e l at io n w ith t h e

pr e v iously h e ld v alu e s as to arous e in any o ne u n f am il iar

,

w ith t h e p ro c e ss t h e str o ng e st ant ago nis m and cr it ic is m .

Although o r ig inally stud ie d o nly as a th e r ap e ut ic

m e tho d fo r t h e s ick it w as soo n re al iz e d through an
an alys is o f nor m al p e opl e how sl ight w e r e t h e d if fe r e nc e s
in t h e co nt e n t o f t h e u n co nsc iou s o f t he s ick and o f t h e
norm al . T he d iffe r e n c e s o bs e rv e d w e r e s e e n to b e r ath e r
in t h e r e act io n s to l if e an d to t h e co n fl icts p roduc e d by
co nt e nd ing fo r c e s in t h e ind iv idu al .

Th e s e co nfl icts u su ally no t fully p e rc e iv e d by t he in

,

d iv idu al and h av ing to do w ith obj e ct io n abl e d e s ir e s and

,

W ish e s th at are n o t in k e e p ing w ith t h e co n sc iou s id e a o f

s e l f p rodu c e m ark e d e ffe cts wh ich are e xpr e ss e d e it h e r

,

in c e rt ain op inio n s p r e j ud ic e s att itud e s o f co ndu ct

, , ,

S c i nc f L ng g fi t i p 2 5
e e o a ua e,
”
rs se r e s, . .
 I N TROD U CT I O N

f aulty a ct io n s or in so m e d e finit e p athologic sym ptom

,
.

As D r Ju n g s ay s h e w h o r e m ain s h e althy h as t o struggl e

.
,

w it h t h e s am e c o m pl e x e s th at c au se t h e ne uro t ic to f all il l .

”
I n a v alu abl e b o ok c all e d T h e N e ighb o r , wr itt e n
by t h e l at e P ro f e sso r N S h al e r o f H arv ard U niv e rs ity
.
,

t h e r e o ccurs th is v e ry far r e ach in g st at e m e nt :

-
I t is
h ardly too mu ch to say th at al l t h e im port ant e rro rs o f
c o nduct al l t he burd e n s o f m e n o r o f so c ie t ie s are c au s e d
,

by t h e in ad e qu ac ie s in t h e as so c iat io n o f t he p r im al anim al
e m ot io n s w ith tho s e m e nt al po w e rs wh ich h av e b e e n so

r ap idly d e v e l o p e d in m ank ind .

Th is st at e m e nt r e ach e d by a p roc e ss o f r e aso ning

,

an d a m e t ho d o f thought and study e nt ir e ly d if fe r e nt

fr o m p sych o an alys is , n e v e rth e l e ss so co m pl e t e ly e x
p r e ss e s in br ie f for m t he v e ry b asis o f t h e p ostul at e s
d e v e l o p e d t hr o ugh p sych o analys is th at I qu ot e it h e r e .

S u ch a st at e m e nt m ad e in t h e cou rs e o f a g e ne r al e x am
in at io n o f hu m an r e l at io n s do e s no t arou s e opp o sit io n no r
s e e m to b e so d ifficult o f acc e pt an c e I t app e ars to b e
.

t h e in d iv idu al appl ic at io n o f th e s e co nc e p t io n s th at h as

r o u se d su ch b itt e r ant ago nis m and v iol e nt d e nu nc ia

R ightly u nd e rstood an d u s e d p sycho analys is m ay b e

,

c o m p ar e d t o surg e ry fo r psych o analy sis st ands in t h e

,

sam e r e l at io n to t h e p e rso n al it y as surg e ry do e s to t h e

b o dy and t h e y aim at p ar all e l r e sults

, .

I t is w e ll r e c o g niz e d t h at in t h e l ast analys is n atur e is

t h e r e al phys ic ian t h e h e al e r o f w o u nds ; but pr io r to t h e
,

d e v e l o p m e nt o f o u r m o d e r n as e ps is an d surg ic al t e ch niqu e
t h e h e al ing produc e d by n atu r e w as m o st o ft e n o f a v e ry
 I N TRO D U CT I O N x i

f aulty and im p e r f e ct typ e h id e o u s s c ars d istort e d and

- “

cr ippl e d l im b s w ith fu nct io n s im p air e d or inc ap ac it at e d

, ,

r e sult e d fro m t h e wou nd s o r e ls e n atu r e w as u n abl e to

,

c o p e w ith t h e hu rt and t h e inju r e d o ne su ccu m b e d .

S c ie n c e h as b e e n st e ad ily w o rk ing fo r c e ntur ie s w ith

t h e aim o f u nd e rst an d ing n atu r e and fi n d in g m e an s to

aid and c o op e r at e w ith h e r so th at h e al in g could t ak e

-

pl ac e w ith t h e l e ast po s sibl e lo ss o f fu nct io n o r p e r m ane nt

inj ury to t h e in d iv idu al M arv e lou s r e sults h av e re
.

w ard e d th e s e p e rs ist e nt e fforts as t h e br ill iant a ch ie v e

,

m e nts o f surg e ry pl ainly ind ic at e .

M e ant im e how e v e r l ittl e t h ought w as g iv e n to t h e

, ,

p o ss ib il ity o f any s c ie nt ific m e tho d b e ing av ail abl e to h e lp

m an ov e rco m e t h e wou n ds and co n fl icts t ak ing pl ace in
‘

his soul hurts wh ich r e t ard e d h is d e v e lop m e nt and prog

,

r e s s as a p e rso nal ity and wh ich fr e qu e ntly in t h e struggl e

,

r e s ult e d in phy sic al p ain s and sy m pto m s o f t h e m o st

v ar ie d ch ar act e r Th at w as l e ft sol e ly to r e l ig io n and
m
.

e t aphy sics . N ow how e v e r th is s am e ass ist an c e th at

, ,

su rg e ry h as g iv e n to t he phys ic al body p sycho analys is ,

att e m pts to g iv e to t h e p e rs o n al ity Th at it c anno t .

alw ays su cc e e d is a s mu ch to b e e xp e ct e d and m or e , ,

t h an th at su rg e ry do e s no t alw ays su cc e e d fo r t h e ,

an alyt ic work r equ ir e s m uch o f t h e ind iv idu al N o .

r e al r e sult c an b e att aine d if h e h as no t alr e ady

d e v e lop e d a c e rt ain qu al ity o f ch ar ac t e r and int e l l i
g e nc e wh ich m ak e s it p o ss ibl e fo r h im to s ub m it
h im s e lf to a facing o f his nak e d soul and t o t h e p ain and ,

su ffe r ing wh ich t h is o ft e n e nt ail s H e r e as in no oth e r

.
,

r e l at io n in l ife an ab so lut e t rut h and an ab so lut e ho n e sty

,
'
 i I N TRO D U C T I O N
°

are t he o nly b as is o f ac t io n s in c e d e c e pt io n o f any k ind

,

d e c e iv e s no o ne b ut t h e ind iv idu al h im s e l f and ac t s as a

boo m e r ang d e fe at in g his o wn aim s
,
.

S uch d e e p s e arch ing an d p e n e tr at ing into t h e soul is

n o t so m e t h in g to b e u n d e rt ak e n l ightly n o r to b e c o n

sid e re d a tr iv ial o r s im pl e m att e r , and t h e fa ct is th at

wh e r e a stro ng co m puls io n is l ack ing su ch as s ickne s s

,

o r a S i tu at i o n too d iffi cult to m e e t much cou r ag e is

,

r e qu ir e d to u nd e rt ak e it .

I n o rd e r to u nd e rst an d th is p sycholo g y wh ich is p e r

v ad ing al l r e al m s o f thought and s e e m s d e s t ine d to b e a
n e w p sycholog ic al ph ilosoph ic al syst e m
-
fo r t h e u nd e r
st and ing and p r act ic al adv an c e m e nt o f hum an l if e it w ill
,

b e n e c e ss ary t o go som e wh at into d e t ail r e g ard ing it s

d e v e l o p m e nt and p r e s e nt st atu s F o r in th is ne w dire c
.

t io n l ie s it s gr e at e st v alu e and it s gr e at e st d ang e r .

Th e b e g innings o f th is work w e r e fi rst publ ish e d in

1 8 9 5 in a book e nt itl e d S tud ie n ub e r Hyst e r ie , and

c o nt aine d t h e j o int inv e st ig at io n s into hyst e r ia o f Dr .

B r e u e r o f V ie nna and his pup il D r S igm u nd F r e ud T h e

. .

r e sult s o f th e ir inv e st ig at io ns s e e m e d to show th at t h e

v ar io u s sy m pto m s group e d u nd e r t h e t itl e o f hyst e r ia
w e r e t h e r e sul t o f e m ot io nally color e d r e m inisc e nc e s
wh ich all u nknow n to t h e co n sc iou s Wak ing s e lf w e r e
, ,

r e ally a ct iv e ly e xpr e ss ing t h e m s e lv e s through t h e su rro

g at e for m o f sy m pto m s and th at th e s e e xp e r ie n c e s al ,

th o ugh fo rg o t t e n by t h e p at ie nt could b e r e p rodu c e d

,

and t h e e m ot io n al co nt e n t d isch arg e d .

H yp no sis w as t h e m e an s u s e d t o e n abl e t h e phys ic ian

to p e ne tr at e d e e ply into t he fo rgo t t e n m e m or ie s fo r it
,
 I N TRO D U C T I O N i
x ii

w as fou nd through hyp no s is th at th e s e lost inc id e nts and

c ircu m st anc e s w e r e no t r e ally lost at all but o nly dropp e d
fro m co nsc ious n e ss and w e r e c ap abl e o f b e ing r e v iv e d
,

wh e n g iv e n t h e p rop e r st im ul i Th e asto nish ing p art

.

about it w as th at w ith t h e r e v iv al o f th e s e m e m or ie s and

th e ir accomp any ing p ain ful and d isturb ing e mot io ns t he ,

sym pto m s d is app e ar e d Th is l e d n atur ally to t h e co n

.

cl usio n th at th e s e sy m pto m s w e r e d e p e n d e nt upo n som e

e m ot io n al d isturb an c e o r p sych ic tr aum a wh ich h ad b e e n

in ad e qu at e ly e xp r e ss e d and th at in o rd e r to cu r e t h e
,

p at ie nt o ne m e r e ly h ad to e st abl ish t h e co nne ct io n b e

tw e e n t h e m e mory and t h e e m ot io ns wh ich p rop e rly
b e lo ng e d t o it l e tt ing t h e e m ot io n work its e lf out through
,

a r e produ ct io n o f t h e fo rgott e n s c e ne .

W ith fu rth e r inv e st ig at io n F r e ud fou nd th at hyp nos is

w as u nne c e s s ary fo r t h e r e v iv al o f t h e forgott e n e x p e ri
e nce s and th at it w as po s sibl e to obt ain t h e lo st e m ot io n al
,

m at e r ial in t he co ns c iou s and no r m al st at e F o r th is

.

pu rp o s e t he p at ie nt w as e ncou r ag e d to assum e a p ass iv e ,

no n cr it ic al att itud e an d s imply l e t h is thoughts fl ow

-
,

sp e ak ing o f wh at e v e r c am e into h is m ind hold ing noth ing

,

b ack Du r ing th is fr e e and e asy d iscuss io n o f h is l if e

.

and co nd it io n s d ir e ct e d by t h e l aw o f assoc i at i on o f
,

id e as r e f e r e nc e w as inv ar iably m ad e to t h e e xp e r ie nc e s
,

o r thoughts wh ich w e r e t h e most affe ct iv e and d isturb ing

‘

e l e m e n ts .I t w as s e e n to b e qu it e im p o ss ibl e to avo id
th is ind ir e ct r e v e l at io n b e c au s e o f t h e str e ngth o f t h e
e mot io n s su rrou n d in g th e s e id e as an d t h e e f fe ct o f t h e
co n sc iou s w ish to r e p r e s s u npl e as ant f e e l ings Th is im
.

port ant group o f id e as o r im pr e ss io ns w ith t h e f e e l ings

,
 i
x v I N TRO D U CT I O N

and e m ot io ns clust e r e d arou nd th e m wh ich are b e tr ay e d

through th is proc e ss w as c all e d by Ju ng a c o mpl e x
, .

How e v e r w it h t h e tou ch ing o f t h e c o mpl e x wh ich

,

alw ays co nt ai n s fe e l in g s an d e m o t io n s so p ain ful o r un

pl e as ant as to b e u n acc e pt abl e to co n sc iou s ne ss and wh ich ,

are t h e r e fo r e r e p r e ss e d an d h idd e n gr e at d if
, i cult ie s ap
f

p e a re d
,
fo r v e ry o ft e n t h e p a t ie n t c am e to a sudd e n stop

an d could ap p ar e ntly r e c all n oth ing m or e .M e m o ry

g ap s w e r e fr e qu e nt r e l at io ns tw ist e d e t c E v id e ntly
'

, , .

so m e fo rc e b an ish e d t h e s e m e m or ie s so th at t h e p e rso n

w as qu it e ho n e s t in s ay in g th at h e c o uld r e m e m b e r n oth
ing o r th at th e r e w as n oth ing t o t e ll . Th is k in d o f for
g e t fu l n e ss w as c all ed re pr e ss io n
,
an d is t h e n o r m al

m e ch anis m by wh ich n atur e p rot e cts t h e ind iv idu al fro m

su ch p ain ful f e e l in gs as are c aus e d by u npl e as ant and un
acc e p t abl e e xp e r ie n c e s an d thoughts ,t h e r e cog nit io n o f

h is e go ist ic n atu r e and t h e o ft e n qu it e u nb e ar abl e c o n

,

fl ic t o f his w e ak ne ss e s w ith h is fe e l ing s o f id e al ism .

At t h is e arly t im e gr e at att e nt io n w as g iv e n tow ards

d e v e lop ing a t e ch n iqu e wh ich would r e nd e r m o r e e asy
t h e r e product io n o f th e s e f o rgott e n m e m o r ie s fo r w ith ,

t h e ab an do nm e nt o f hyp n os is it w as s e e n th at so m e un

know n act iv e forc e w as at work wh ich no t o nly b anish e d

p ain ful m e m or ie s and f e e l ings but also pr e v e nt e d th e ir
,

r e tu r n ; t h is w as c all e d r e sis t anc e . Th is r e s ist anc e

w as fo u n d to b e t h e im p o rt ant m e ch anism wh ich int e r
fe re d w it h a fr e e fl o w o f t hough t an d p rodu c e d t h e
gr e at e st d iffi cul t y in t h e fu r t h e r co nduct o f t h e an aly sis .

I t app e ar e d u nd e r v a r iou s gu ise s an d fr e qu e nt ly m ani

fe st e d it s e l f in int e ll e c t u al o bj e ct io n s b as e d o n r e aso ning
xv i I N TRO D U C T I O N

v e l o pe Co ntr ary to t h e u su al b e l ie f th at ch ildr e n h av e

d .

n o s e xu al ity an d th at o nly at pub e r t y do e s it sudd e nly

‘

a r is e it w as d e fi nit e ly show n th at th e r e w as a v e ry m ark e d

,

k ind o f s e xu al ity am o ng ch ildr e n o f t h e m o st t e nd e r y e ars ,

e nt ir e ly in st in ct iv e and c ap abl e o f produc in g a gr av e e f fe ct

o n t h e e nt ir e l at e r l ife .

How e v e r fu rth e r inv e st ig at io ns c arr ie d into t he l iv e s

,

o f n o rm al p e opl e d isclos e d qu it e as m any p sych ic and

s e xu al tr aum as in th e ir e arly ch ildhood as in t h e l iv e s o f
t h e p at ie nts ; th e r e for e t h e co nc e pt io n o f t h e
, in fant il e
s e xu al tr au m a as t h e e t iologic al f acto r w as ab ando ne d
in favo r o f t h e in f ant il is m o f s e xu al ity its e l f
. In
oth e r wo rds it w as soo n r e al iz e d th at m any o f t h e s e xu al
,

tr au m as wh ich w e r e pl ac e d in th e ir e arly ch ildhood by

th e s e p at ie nts did no t r e ally e x ist e xc e pt in th e ir o wn
,

ph ant as ie s and p rob ably w e r e p roduc e d as a d e fe nc e

ag ain st t h e m e m or ie s o f th e ir o wn ch ild ish s e xu al ac t i v

it ie s Th e s e e xp e r ie n c e s l e d to a d e e p inv e st ig at io n into
.

t h e natu r e o f t h e ch ild s s e xu al ity and d e v e lop e d t h e

’

id e as wh ich F r e ud incorpor at e d in a work c all e d Thr e e

“

Co ntr ibut io ns to t h e S e xu al Th e ory . H e fou nd so

m any v ar iat io n s and m anife st at io n s o f s e xu al act iv ity
e v e n am o n g you ng ch ildr e n th at h e r e al iz e d th at t h is

a ct iv ity w as t h e n or m al although e nt ir e ly u n co n sc iou s

, ,

e xpr e ss io n o f t h e ch ild s d e v e lop ing l ife and wh il e no t

’
,

co m p ar abl e to t he adul t s e xu al it y ne v e r t h e l e ss p ro
,

duc e d a v e ry d e fi nit e influ e n c e and e ffe ct o n t h e ch ild s

’

l ife .

Th e s e ch ild ish e xpr e ss io ns o f th is inst inc t h e c all e d

polym o rphou s p e rv e rs e b e c aus e in m any w ay s t h e y
,
 I N TRO D U CT I O N xv ii

r e s e m bl e d t h e v ar iou s ab no r m al it ie s c all e d p e rv e rs ions

wh e n fou nd amo ng adults u nd e r c e rt ain co nd it io n s .

I n t h e l ight o f th e s e add it io nal inv e st ig at io n s F r e ud

was l e d to ch ang e h is fo r m ul at io n fo r in st e ad o f t h e
,

sym ptom s o f t h e ne urot ic p at ie nt b e ing due to d e fi nit e

s e xu al e xp e r ie n c e s th e y s e e m e d to b e d e t e rm ine d by
,

h is r e act io ns tow ards his o wn s e xu al co nst itut io n and

t h e k in d o f r e pr e ss io n to wh ich th e s e inst incts w e r e

subj e ct e d.

P e rh aps o ne o f t h e gr e at e st sou rc e s o f m isu nd e rst and

ing and d iffi culty in th is whol e subj e ct l ie s in t h e t e rm
s e xu al ity fo r F r e ud s co nc e pt io n o f th is is e nt ir e ly dif
,
’

fe re nt from th at o f t he p opul ar s e ns e . H e co nc e iv e s
s e xu al ity to b e pr act ic ally sy no nym ou s w ith t he wo rd
l o v e and to includ e und e r th is t e r m all tho s e t e nd e r
f e e l ings and e mot io ns wh ich h av e h ad th e ir or igin in a
p r im it iv e e rot ic sourc e e v e n if no w th e ir p r im ary aim is
,

e n t ir e ly lo st and anoth e r subst itut e d fo r it . I t m u st also

b e b o r ne in m ind th at F r e ud str ictly e m ph as iz e s t h e
p sych ic s id e o f s e xu al ity and it s imp o rt anc e as w e ll as
,

t h e so m at ic e xp r e ss io n .

Th e r e f o r e to u nd e rst and F r e u d s th e or ie s his v e ry

,
’
,

bro ad co n c e pt io n o f t h e t e rm s e xu al m u st ne v e r b e fo r
gott e n .

Through th is c ar e ful inv e st ig at io n o f t he p sych ic l if e

o f t h e in d iv idu al ,
t h e tr e m e n dou s infl u e n c e and im po r
t an c e o f ph ant asy m ak ing fo r t h e fat e w as d e fi nit e ly
-

shown I t w as d iscov e r e d t h at t h e indulge nc e in d ay

.

dr e am s and ph ant as ie s w as p r act ic ally u niv e rs al n o t o nly

am o n g ch ildr e n but amo ng adults th at e v e n wh o l e l iv e s
,
xv iii I N TRO D U C T I O N

w e r e b e ing l iv e d out in a ph ant ast ic world cr e at e d by t h e

dr e am e r a wo rld wh e r e in h e could fulfil al l thos e w ish e s
,

an d d e s ir e s wh ich w e r e fou n d to b e to o d if fi cult o r im

po s sibl e to s at is fy in t h e world o f r e al ity .

M u ch o f th is ph ant asy th ink ing w as s e e n to b e sc arc e ly

co n s c iou s but aro s e fro m u nr e al iz e d w ish e s d e s ir e s and
, ,

str iv ings wh ich could o nly e xp r e ss th e m s e lv e s through

v e il e d sym bols in t he f o r m o f ph ant ast ic stru ctu r e s no t
u nd e rstood no r fully r e cogniz e d I nd e e d it is p e rh ap s
, .
,

o ne o f t h e m ost com m o n hu m an e xp e r ie n c e s to find

qu e e r thoughts u nd e s ir e d id e as and im ag e s forc ing
, ,

th e m s e lv e s up o n o ne s att e nt io n to su ch an e xt e nt th at
’

t h e w ill h as to b e e m ploy e d to pu sh th e m out o f m ind .

I t is n o t u nu su al to d iscov e r lo ng forgott e n im pr e ss io ns
-

o f ch ildhood assu m in g a ph ant ast ic sh ap e in m e m ory an d ,

dw e lt upo n as though th e y we r e s t ill o f im port anc e .

Th is m at e r ial affo rd e d a r ich fi e ld fo r t he s e arch e rs

into t h e soul for through t h e op e r at io n o f t h e l aw o f
,

a ssoc iat io n o f id e as th e s e ph ant ast ic products tr ac e d b ack ,

t o th e ir o r ig in r e v e al e d t h e fact th at inst e ad o f b e ing

,

m e aningl e ss o r fo ol ish th e y w e r e p rodu c e d b y a d e fi nit e

.

p ro c e ss and aros e fro m d ist inct w ish e s and d e s ir e s wh ich

,

u nco nsc iou sly v e il e d th e m s e lv e s in th e s e m yst e r iou s for m s

and p ictu r e s .

I t is co n c e d e d th at t h e m o st co m pl e t e ly u n co nsc iou s
p roduct o f an ind iv idu al is his dr e am an d th e r e f o r e P ro
,

fe sso r F r e ud tu r ne d h is att e nt io n fro m ph ant as ie s and

d ay dr e am s to t h e inv e s t ig at io n o f t h e nightly dr e am s o f
-

h is p at ie nts to d iscov e r wh e t h e r th e y would throw l ight

upo n t h e p ain ful f e e l ing s and id e as r e pr e ss e d out o f
 I N TRO D U CT I O N x ix

co nsc iou sn e ss , an d th e r e fo r e inacc e ss ibl e to dir e ct r e v e l a

Th is br ill iant id e a soo n l e d to a r ich fru it ing fo r it

'

b e c am e e v id e nt th at co ntr ary to t h e u su al co n c e pt io n th at
t h e dr e am is a ph ant ast ic and absu rd j u m bl e o f h e t e r o

g e n e o u s fr ag m e n ts h av
,
in g n o r e al r e l at io n to t h e l if e o f
t h e ind iv idu al it is full o f m e an in g
, I n f act it is u su ally
.
,

co nc e r ne d w ith t h e p robl e m o f l if e mo st p r e ss ing at t he

t im e wh ich e xpr e ss e s its e l f no t d ir e ctly but in sym bol ic
, ,

fo r m so as to b e unr e cogniz e d I n th is w ay t h e ind iv idu al

.

g ain s an e xpr e ss io n and fulfilm e nt o f h is u nr e al iz e d w ish

o r d e s ir e .

Th is d iscov e ry o f t h e sy m bol ic natu r e o f t he dr e am

an d t h e ph ant asy w as b rought about e nt ir e ly through t h e

a s so c iat iv e m e thod and d e v e lop e d e m p ir ic ally through

inv e st ig at io n s o f t h e dr e am s o f m any p e opl e I n th is

.

m anne r it b e c am e e v id e n t th at c e rt ain id e as and obj e cts

w h ich r e cu rr e d ag ain and ag ain in t h e dr e am s an d ph an
t asie s o f d if fe r e n t p e opl e w e r e d e fi n it e ly a sso c iat e d w ith
c e rt ain u n co nsc iou s o r u nr e cogniz e d w ish e s and d e s ir e s ,

and w e r e r e p e at e dly u s e d by t h e m in d to e xpr e ss th e s e

m e anings wh e r e a d ir e ct f o r m w as r e p r e ss e d and um
all o w e d . Thu s c e rt ain dr e am e xp r e ss io n s and figur e s
w e r e in a g e ne r al w ay co ns id e r e d to b e r ath e r d e finit e
sy m bols o f t h e s e r e p r e ss e d id e as an d fe e l ings fou nd in
t h e u n c o n sc iou s . Through a co m p ar at iv e and p ar all e l
s t udy it so o n app e ar e d th at th e r e w as a s im il iar m e ch an
ism at work in m y t h s an d fairy t al e s and t h at t he r e l a
t io nsh ip b e tw e e n t h e dr e am s an d ph ant as ie s o f an ind iv id

u al an d t h e m yths an d fo lk t al e s o f a p e opl e w as so Cl ose

 I N TRO D U C T I O N

t h at Abr ah am could say t h at t h e m yth is a fr agm e nt

o f t h e in f ant il e soul l ife o f t he r ac e and t h e dr e am is
t h e m yth o f t h e ind iv idu al .

Thus through r e l at ing his dr e am s t h e p at ie nt h ims e lf

fur nish e d t h e most im port ant m e an s o f g aining acc e ss to
t h e u nco n sc iou s an d d isturb in g co m pl e x e s w ith wh ich h is

sym pto m s w e r e co nne ct e d .

B e sid e s t h e dr e am analys is t h e p at ie nt fu r nish e d oth e r

f h —
m e an s o r v l at o n o f is co m pl e x e s his m anne r isms
e e i
and u n c o n sc io u s a cts h is o p e n in g r e m a rks to his phys ic ian
, ,

his e m o t io n al r e act io n s to c e rt ain id e as ; in short t h e wh o l e

b e h av ior and v e rb al e xp r e s sio n s o f t he ind iv idu al r e v e al
h is inne r n atur e and p robl e m s .

Through all th is work it b e c am e cl e ar t h at in t he

e m ot io n al n atu r e l ay t h e o r ig in n o t o nly o f t h e v ar iou s

n e rv o u s ill n e ss e s th e m s e lv e s but also o f t h e isol at e d

,

sy m pt o m s an d in d iv idu al id io sy n cr as ie s an d p e cul iar it ie s

wh ich are t h e p art o f all hu m anity and t h at t h e p atho

g e nic c aus e o f t h e d isturb an c e s l ie s no t in t h e ignor anc e
o f ind iv idu als but in tho s e inne r r e s ist anc e s wh ich are t he
,

u nd e rly ing b asis o f th is igno r an c e .

Th e r e for e t h e ai m o f t h e th e r apy b e c am e no t m e r e ly
t h e r e l ie f o f t h e ig no r an c e but t h e s e arch ing out and com

b at ing o f th e s e r e s ist an c e s .

I t b e co m e s e v id e nt fro m e v e n th is b r ie f d e scr ipt io n

o f t h e analy t ic p r o c e du r e th at w e are d e al ing w ith a v e ry
co m pl e x an d d e l ic at e m at e r ial and w ith a t e ch niqu e wh ich
,

n e e ds to m ak e d e fi n it e u se o f all in f l u e n c e s av ail abl e fo r

t h e h e lp o f t h e p at ie nt . I t h as lo ng b e e n r e cogniz e d
th at t he r e l at io n e st abl ish e d b e tw e e n phys ic ian and p a
 I N TR O DU C T I O N xx i

t ie nt h as a gr e at e ffe ct up o n t he m e d ic al ass ist anc e wh ich

h e is abl e to r e nd e r — in oth e r wo rds if a co n fid e n c e and
,

p e rso n al r e g ard d e v e lop e d in t h e p at ie nt t o w ard s t he

phys ic ian t h e l att e r s adv ic e w as ju st so m uch m or e
,
’

e flic ac io u s Th is p e rso nal f e e l in g h as b e e n fr ankly r e cog

.

niz e d an d m ad e o f d ist inct s e rv ic e in p sych o an aly t ic tr e at

m e nt u nd e r t h e n am e o f t ransf e re nc e I t is through
.

t h e aid o f th is d e fi nit e r e l at io nsh ip wh ich m u st b e

e st abl ish e d in t h e o n e b e ing analyz e d tow ards t h e an alyst

th at it is po ss ibl e to d e al w it h t h e u n co n sc iou s and

o rg an iz e d r e s ist anc e s wh ich so e as ily bl ind t h e ind iv idu al
an d r e nd e r t h e acc e pt an c e o f t h e n e w v alu at io n s v e ry

d iffi cult to t h e raw and s e ns it iv e soul .

F r e u d s e mph as is upo n t he r o l e o f t h e s e xu al in st inct

’

in t h e produ ct io n o f t h e ne u ros is an d also in it s de t e rm in

ing p ow e r upo n t h e p e rso n al ity o f t he n o r m al ind iv idu al
do e s no t im ply th at h e do e s no t also r e cogniz e oth e r
d e t e rm in ants at t h e root o f hu m an co nduct as fo r ,

inst an c e t h e in st inct fo r p r e s e rv at io n o f l if e and t h e e g o

,

pr in c ipl e its e l f B ut th e s e m ot iv e s are no t so V iol e ntly

.

forb idd e n and r e pr e ss e d as t h e s e xu al im puls e and th e r e

,

for e b e c au s e o f th at r e p r e s s iv e f o rc e and t h e str e ngth

,

o f t h e impuls e h e co n s id e rs th is p r im ary in it s influ e n c e

up o n t he hu m an b e ing .

T h e im port anc e o f th is in st in ct upo n hu m an l if e is

cl e arly r e v e al e d by t h e gr e at pl ac e g iv e n to it u nd e r t h e
n am e o f l ov e in art l it e r atu r e
, ,
po e try ro m anc e and al l
,

b e auty from t h e b e g inning o f r e cord e d t im e V ie w e d in

.

th is l ight it c annot s e e m e xtr ao rd inary th at a d iffi culty

o r d isturb anc e in th is e m ot io nal fi e ld sh o uld p roduc e su ch
x x ii I N TRO D U CT I O N

far r e ach ing co ns e qu e n c e s fo r t h e ind iv idu al T h e s e xu al

- .

im puls e is o ft e n co m p ar e d w ith th at o f hu ng e r and th is ,

cr av ing and ne e d ly ing in al l hu m anit y is c all e d by F r e ud

l ib id o .

THE O E DI P U S P RO B L E M
W ith furth e r inv e st ig at io n s into t h e n atur e o f t he
r e pr e ss e d co m pl e x e s a v e ry asto nish ing s1 t uat 1 0 n w as
r e v e al e d T h e p ar e nt al in flu e nc e o n ch ildr e n is som e
.

th ing so w e ll r e cogniz e d and u nd e rstoo d th at to c all at

t e nt io n to it sou n ds m uch l ik e a b anal ity How e v e r h e r e
.
,

an e xtr ao rd in ary d iscov e ry w as m ad e ,

fo r in tr ac ing out
t h e fe e l ings an d e m ot io n s o f adults it b e c am e e v id e nt

th at th is influ e n c e w as p ar am ou nt no t o nly fo r ch ildr e n

but fo r adults as w e ll ; th at t h e e nt ir e d ir e ct io n o f l iv e s
w as l arg e ly d e t e r m ine d qu it e u n co n sc io u sly by t h e p a
r e nt al assoc iat io n s and th at alth o ugh adul t s t h e e m o
, , ,

t io n al s id e o f th e ir n atu r e w as st ill in fant il e in typ e and

d e m and e d u nco nsc iou sly t h e in f ant il e o r ch ild ish r e l a

t io ns .

F r e u d tr ac e s out t he comm e nc e m e nt o f t he in f ant il e

at t a ch m e nt fo r t h e p ar e nts in t h is w is e .

I n t h e b e g inning t h e ch ild d e r iv e s it s first s at is f act io n

an d pl e asu r e from t h e m oth e r in t h e for m o f nutr it io n

and c ar e fo r it s w ants . I n th is first act o f su ckl ing F r e u d

s e e s alr e ady a k ind o f s e xu al pl e asur e for h e app ar e ntly
,

id e nt ifi e s t h e pl e asur e p r in c ipl e an d t h e s e x u al in st in ct
’

and co n s id e rs th at t h e fo r m e r is pr im ar ily root e d in t h e

l att e r At th is e arly t im e com m e n c e su ch v ar iou s in fan

.

t il e act io ns u nco nne ct e d w ith nutr it io n as t humb sucking ,

 I N TRO D U C T I O N

an d d e s ir e s d e m and ing s at is f act ion wh ich c an o nly b e

gr at ifi e d by t h e moth e r ; th e r e for e th e r e is arou s e d in
t h e s m all so n t h e f e e l ing o f j e alou sy and ang e r tow ards

t h e fath e r in who m h e s e e s a r iv al for t h e af fe ct ion o f

t h e m oth e r and who m h e would l ik e to r e pl ac e Th is
.

d e s ir e in t h e soul o f t h e ch ild F r e ud c alls t h e O e d ipus

c o m p l e x in r e cog nit io n o f it s an alogy to t h e tr ag e dy
o f K ing O e d ipu s who w as dr aw n by h is f at e to k ill h is

f ath e r and win h is moth e r fo r a w if e F r e u d pr e s e nts

.

th is as t h e nuc l e ar c o mpl e x o f e v e ry ne u ros is .

At t h e b as is o f th is co m pl e x som e tr ac e o f wh ich c an
,

b e fou nd in e v e ry p e rso n F r e ud s e e s a d e fi nit e inc e st w ish

,

tow ards t h e moth e r wh ich o nly l acks t h e qu al ity o f con

sc io u sne ss . B e c au s e o f m or al r e act io n s th is w ish is
qu ickly subj e ct e d to r e p r e ss io n through t h e op e r at io n o f
t he inc e st b arr ie r
, a p ostul at e h e comp ar e s to t h e inc e st

t ab o o fou nd am o ng in f e r ior p e opl e s At th is t im e t he

.

ch ild is b e g inning to d e v e lop it s typ ic al s e xu al cu r io s ity

”
e x p r e ss e d by t h e qu e st io n ,
Wh e r e do I com e from ?
T h e int e r e st and inv e st ig at io n o f t h e ch ild into th is p rob
l e m aid e d by obs e rv at io n s an d d e duct io n s from v ar iou s
,

act io n s an d at t itud e s o f t h e p ar e nts ,

who h av e no id e a
o f t h e w atch ful ne ss o f t h e ch ild l e ad h im b e c aus e o f h is
, ,

im p e r fe ct k n owl e dg e and imm atu r e d e v e lop m e nt into ,

m any f als e th e or ie s an d id e as o f b irth Th e s e in fant il e

.

s exu al th e o r ie s are h e ld by F r e ud to b e d e t e r m in at iv e in
t h e d e v e lop m e nt o f t he ch ild s ch ar a ct e r an d als o fo r t h e
’

co nt e nt s o f t h e u n co n sc iou s as e xpr e ss e d in a futu r e

n e u ro s is
.

Th e s e v ar ious r e act io n s o f t he ch ild and his s e xu al cur i

 I N TRO D U C T I O N

o sit y are en t ir e ly norm al and u navo id abl e and if h is ,

d e v e lopm e nt pro c e e ds in an o rd e rly f ash io n th e n at t h e ,

t im e o f d e fi nit e obj e ct cho ic e h e w ill p as s smo othly ov e r

fro m t he l im it at io n s o f t he f am ily att achm e nt out into
t h e wo rld and fin d t h e r e in h is ind e p e nd e nt e x ist e n c e .

How e v e r if t he l ib ido r e m ains fix e d o n t h e fi rst chos e n

,

obj e ct so th at t h e grow ing ind iv idu al is u nabl e to t e ar

h ims e l f loos e from th e s e f am il ial t ie s th e n t he inc e stuou s
,

bo nd is d e e p e ne d w ith t h e d e v e lop ing s e xu al inst inct and

it s acco m p any ing n e e d o f a lov e obj e ct and t he e nt ir e
,

futur e o f t h e you ng p e rso nal ity e nd ang e r e d F o r w ith .

t h e d e v e lopm e nt o f t h e in c e stuou s bo n d t h e n atu r al re

pr e ss io ns d e e p e n b e c au s e t h e mo r al c e nso r c anno t allow

th e s e d isturb ing r e l at io ns to b e co m e cl e ar to t h e ind iv id
u al. Th e r e fo r e t h e whol e m att er is r e pr e ss e d mor e
,

d e e ply into t h e u nco nsc iou s and e v e n a f e e l ing o f p o s i

,

tiv e e nm ity and r e puls io n tow ards t h e p ar e nts is o ft e n

d e v e lop e d in o rd e r to co nc e al and ov e r comp e ns at e fo r
-

t h e impo ss ibl e s itu at io n a ctu ally p r e s e nt .

Th is p e rs ist e nc e o f t he att ach m e nt o f t he l ib ido to t he

or ig inal obj e ct and t he inab il ity to find in th is a su it abl e
,

s at is f act io n fo r t h e adult ne e d inte r f e r e s w ith t he no rm al

,

d e v e lopm e nt o f t h e p sycho s e xu al ch ar act e r and it is due

-
,

to th is th at t h e adult r e t ains th at in f ant il is m o f s e xu al

it y wh ich pl ays so gr e at a r o l e in d e t e r m ining t h e in
st ab il ity o f t h e e mot io nal l ife wh ich so fr e qu e ntly l e ads
into t h e d e fin it e n e u ro s e s
.

T h e s e w e r e t h e co nclus io n s r e ach e d and t h e grou nd o n

wh ich F r e ud ian p sychology r e st e d r e g ard ing t h e e t iology
,
xxv i I N TRO D U C T I O N

of t he uros is and t he t e nd e n c ie s u nd e rly ing n or m al

ne ,

hu m an m e ch anis m s wh e n D r C arl Ju ng t h e m ost pro m i

, .
,

’
n e n t o f F r e ud s d isc ipl e s an d t h e l e ad e r o f t h e Z u r ich
,

s chool fou n d h im s e l f no lo ng e r abl e to agr e e w it h

,

’
F r e u d s fi nd ings in c e rt ain p art icul ars although t h e ,

ph e n o m e na wh ich F r e ud obs e rv e d an d t h e t e ch niqu e o f

p sycho analys is d e v e lop e d by F r e u d w e r e t h e m at e r ial o n
wh ich Ju ng work e d and t h e v alu e o f wh ich h e cl e arly
e m ph as iz e s T h e d iffe r e n c e s wh ich h av e d e v e lop e d l ay
.

in h is u n d e rst and ing and int e rp r e t at io n o f t h e p h e no m e na

obs e rv e d .

B e ginning w ith t h e c o n c e pt io n o f l ib ido its e l f as a

t e r m u s e d to c o nno t e s e xu al hu ng e r an d cr av ing alb e it ,

t h e m e aning o f t h e word s e xu al w as e xt e n d e d by F r e u d

t o e m b r a c e a m u ch w id e r s ignific anc e th an co m mo n u s ag e

h as ass igne d it Ju ng w as u nabl e to co n fi n e h im s e lf to

,

th is l im it at io n H e co nc e iv e d th is lo ng ing th is u rg e o r
.
,

pu sh o f l ife as so m e th ing e xt e nd in g b e yo nd s e xu al ity e v e n

in it s w id e r s e n s e H e saw in t h e t e r m l ib ido a co nc e p t
.

o f u nkn own n atur e co m p ar abl e t o B e rg so n s él an v it al

,
’
,

a hyp oth e t ic al e ne r g y o f l if e wh ich o ccup ie s its e lf no t

,

o nly in s e xu al it y but in v ar iou s phys iolog ic al and psycho

log ic al m anif e st at io ns su ch as growth d e v e lop m e n t , ,

hu ng e r and all t h e hu m an act iv it ie s an d int e r e sts Th is

,
.

co sm ic e ne rgy o r urg e m anife st e d in t h e hu m an b e ing h e

c alls l ib id o and co m p ar e s it w ith t h e e ne r gy o f phys ics .

Although r e cogniz ing in c o mm o n w it h F r e u d as w e ll as

,

w it h m any oth e r s t h e pr im al in st inct o f r e p rodu ct io n as

,

t h e b asis o f m any fu nct io n s an d pr e s e nt d ay a c t iv it ie s o f

-

m ank in d no l o ng e r s e xu al in ch ar act e r h e r e pud iat e s t h e

 I N TRO D U C T I O N x xv n

id e a o f st ill c all ing th e m s e xu al e v e n though th e ir d e

,

v e l o p m e nt w as a growth or ig in ally out o f t h e s e xu al .

S e xu al ity and it s v ar iou s m anife st at io n s Ju ng s e e s as m o st

im port an t ch anne ls o ccup ie d by l ib ido but no t t h e e x ,

c l u siv e o ne s through wh ich l ib ido fl ows .

Th is is an e ne rg ic co n c e pt o f l if e ; and fro m th is v ie w
p o int th is hyp oth e t ic al e ne rgy o f l ife o r l ib ido is a l iv in g
p ow e r u s e d in s t in ct iv e ly by m an in all t h e auto m at ic
pro c e ss e s o f h is fu n ct io ning ; su ch v e ry p roc e ss e s b e ing
but d iffe r e nt m anif e st at io ns o f th is e ne r gy B y v ir t u e .

o f it s qu al ity o f mob il it y and ch ang e m an t hrough h is ,

u nd e rst and ing and int e ll ig e n c e h as t h e pow e r co nsc iously

,

to d ir e ct and u se h is l ib ido in d e fi n it e an d d e s ir e d w ays .

I n th is co n c e pt io n o f Ju n g w ill b e s e e n an an alogy to
B e rgso n who sp e aks o f th is ch ang e th is m ov e m e nt and
, ,

b e co m ing th is s e lf cr e at io n c all it wh at you w ill as t he

,
-
, ,

”
v e ry stu ff and r e al ity o f ou r b e ing .

I n d e v e lop i n g t h e e ne rg ic co nc e pt io n o f l ib ido and

s e p ar at in g it fro m F r e u d s s e xu al d e fi nit io n Ju ng m ak e s
’
,

po ss ibl e t h e e xpl anat io n o f int e r e st in g e ne r al and p ro ,

v id e s a work ing co n c e pt by wh ich no t o nly t he sp e c ifi c ally

s e xu al but t h e g e ne r al act iv it ie s and r e act io ns o f m an c an
,

b e u n d e rstood .

I f a p e rso n co m pl ain s o f no lo ng e r h av i ng m t e re st in
h is work o r o f lo s in g int e r e st in h is su rrou n d in gs th e n o ne ,

u nd e rst ands th at his l ib ido is w ithdr aw n fro m th is obj e ct

and th at in co n s e qu e n c e t h e obj e ct its e lf s e e ms n o lo ng e r

attr act iv e wh e r e as as a m att e r o f f a ct t h e obj e ct its e l f

, , ,

is e x actly t he s am e as for m e rly I n oth e r words it is

.
,

C ti
re a E l ti n
ve vo u o .
x xv iii I N TRO D U C T I O N

t he l ib ido th at w e b e stow upo n an obj e ct th at m ak e s it

attr ac t iv e and int e r e st in g .

T h e c au s e s fo r t h e w it hdr aw al o f l ib ido m ay b e v ar iou s

an d ar e u su ally qu it e d if fe r e nt fro m tho se th at t h e p e rso n s
’

o ffe r in e xpl an at io n I t is t h e t ask o f p sych o an alys is to

.

d is cov e r t h e r e al r e aso n s wh ich are usu ally h idd e n and

,

u nk now n O n t h e oth e r h and wh e n an ind iv idu al ex

.
,

hib it s an e x agg e r at e d int e r e st o r pl ac e s an ov e r e m ph as is

-

up o n an id e a o r s itu at io n th e n w e k now th e r e is too mu ch

,

l ib ido h e r e and th at w e m ay find as a co ns e qu e nc e a corr e

sp o n ding d e pl e t io n e ls e wh e r e .

Th is l e ads d ir e ctly into t h e s e co nd p o int o f d iffe r e nc e

b e tw e e n Ju ng s v ie ws and tho s e o f F r e ud Th is is co n
’
.

c e r ne d w ith thos e p r act ic ally u niv e rs al ch ild ish m ani

fe st at io n s o f s e xu al ity c all e d by F r e ud poly m orphou s
p e rv e rs e b e c au s e o f t he ir s im il ar ity to thos e ab nor m al
‘

it ie s o f s e xu al ity wh ich o ccu r in adults and are c all e d

p e rv e rs io n s .

Ju ng t ak e s e xc e pt io n to th is v ie wpo int H e s e e s in t he
.

v ar iou s m anife st at io n s o f ch ildho o d t he p r e curso rs o r

fo r e ru nne rs o f t h e l at e r fully d e v e lop e d s e xu al ity and ,

inst e ad o f co ns id e r ing th e m p e rv e rs e h e co ns id e rs th e m
p r e l im inary e xpr e ss io ns o f s e xu al color ing H e d iv id e s
.

hu m an l ife into thr e e st ag e s T h e first st ag e up to abou t

.

t h e th ird o r fou rth y e ar g e ne r ally sp e ak ing h e c alls t he

, ,

p r e s e xu al st ag e fo r th e r e h e s e e s t h e l ib id o o r l ife
,

e ne rgy occup ie d ch ie fly in t h e fu nct io n s o f n utr it io n and

growth and h e dr aws an an alogy b e tw e e n th is p e r iod and

,

th at o f t h e c at e rp ill ar st ag e o f t he bu t t e rfly .

T h e s e co n d s t ag e includ e s t h e y e a rs fro m th is t im e
 I N TRO D U C T I O N

u nt il pub e rty and th is h e sp e aks o f as t he p r e pub e rt al

,

st ag e .

T h e th ird p e r iod is th at fro m pub e rty o nw ard and c an

b e co n s id e r e d t h e t im e o f m atur ity .

I t is in t he e arl ie st st ag e t he p e r io d o f wh ich v ar ie s
,

gr e atly in d iffe r e nt ind iv idu als th at are fully inau gu r at e d

,

thos e v ar iou s m anif e st at io ns wh ich h av e so m ark e d a

s e xu al color ing th at th e r e c an b e no qu e st io n o f th e ir
r e l at io nsh ip although at th at t im e s e xu al ity in t he adult
,

m e aning o f t h e word d o e s no t e x ist .

Ju n g e xpl ain s t h e poly m orph is m o f th e s e ph e no m e na

a s a r is ing fro m a gr adu al m ov e m e nt o f t h e l ib ido from

e xclus iv e s e rv ic e in t h e fu n ct io n o f nutr it io n into ne w

av e nu e s wh ich su cc e ss iv e ly op e n up w ith t h e d e v e lopm e nt

o f t h e ch ild u nt il t he fin al inau gu r at io n o f t he s e xu al fu n c
t io n prop e r at pub e rty N o rm ally th e s e ch ild ish b ad
.

h ab its are gr adu ally r e l inqu ish e d u nt il t he l ib ido is e n

t ire l y w ithdr aw n from th e s e imm atur e ph as e s and w ith

t h e u sh e r ing in o f pub e rty fo r t h e fi rst t im e app e ars in

t h e for m o f an u nd if fe r e nt iat e d s e xu al pr im it iv e pow e r

,

cl e arly forc ing t h e ind iv idu al tow ards d iv is ion budd ing
, ,

etc .

How e v e r if in t he cou rs e o f it s mov e m e nt from t he

,

fu n ct io n o f nutr it io n to t h e s e xu al fu nct io n t h e l ib ido is

arr e st e d o r r e t ard e d at an ph a s e th e n a fi x a t io n m ay
y ,

r e sult cr e at ing a d isturb anc e in t h e h ar m o ny o f t h e

,

n o r m al d e v e lop m e n t .F o r although t h e l ib ido is re

,

t arde d an d r e m ain s cl ing ing to so m e ch ild ish m anif e st a

t io n t im e go e s o n and t h e phys ic al grow t h o f t h e ch ild

,

do e s no t st and st ill S oo n a gr e at co ntr ast is cr e at e d

.
xx x I N TRO D U C T I O N

b e tw e e n t h e infant il e m anif e st at io ns o f t he e m ot io n al
l ife and t he ne e ds o f t h e m o r e adult ind iv idu al and t he ,

fou nd at io n is thu s pr e p ar e d fo r e ith e r t h e d e v e lop m e nt

o f a d e fi nit e ne u ros is o r e ls e for tho s e w e akne ss e s o f
ch ar act e r o r sym pto m at ic d isturb an c e s wh ich are not
su ffi c ie ntly s e r ious t o b e c all e d a ne uro s is .

O n e o f t h e m ost act iv e and im p ort ant forms o f ch ild ish

l ib ido o ccup at io n is in ph ant asy m ak ing T h e ch ild s ’
’

world is o ne o f im ag e ry and m ak e b e l ie v e wh e r e h e c an
-

cr e at e fo r h im s e lf th at s at is f act io n and e nj oym e nt wh ich

t h e world o f r e al ity so o ft e n d e nie s . As t h e ch ild grows
and r e al d e m an ds o f l if e are m ad e upo n him it b e co m e s

in cr e as ingly n e c e ss ary t h at h is l ib ido b e t ak e n aw ay fr o m

h is ph ant ast ic world and us e d fo r t he r e qu ir e d ad apt at io n
to r e al ity n e e d e d by his ag e and co nd it io n unt il fi nally
,

fo r t h e adult t h e fr e e d o m o f t h e wh o l e l ib ido is n e c e ss ary

to m e e t t h e b iolog ic al and cu ltur al d e m an ds o f l if e .

I nst e ad o f thu s e m ploy ing t h e l ib ido in t h e r e al wo rld ,

how e v e r c e rt ain p e opl e n e v e r r e l inqu ish t h e s e e k ing fo r

,

s at is f act io n in t h e sh adowy w o rld o f ph ant asy and e v e n

t ho u gh th e y m ak e c e rt ain at t e m pts at ad ap t at io n th e y
are h alt e d an d d iscou r ag e d by e v e ry d if fi cul t y and o h
st acl e in t h e p ath o f l if e and are e as ily pull e d b ack into

t h e ir inne r psych ic w o rld . Th is co nd it io n is c all e d a

st at e o f int r o v e rs io n
. I t is co nc e r ne d w it h t h e p ast and
t h e r e m inisc e n c e s wh ich b e l o n g th e r e t o
. S itu at io ns and
e xp e r ie n c e s wh ich should h av e b e e n c o m pl e t e d and fin

ish e d lo ng ag o a re s t ill dw e l t up o n an d l iv e d w it h .

I m ag e s and m att e rs wh ich w e r e o nc e im port ant but wh ich

nor m ally h av e n o s ig nifi c anc e for th e ir l at e r ag e are st ill
x xx ii I N TRO D U CT I O N

p ar e nt r e act ing upo n t h e ch ild and produc ing in him lov e ,

ad m ir at io n f e a r d istru st h at e
, , ,
r e volt T h e gr e at e r t h e
,
.

s e ns it iv e ne ss and im pr e ss io nab il it y o f t h e ch ild t h e m o r e,

h e w ill b e st am p e d w it h t he fam il ial e nv iro nm e nt and ,

t h e m o r e h e w ill u nco n sc iou sly s e e k to find ag ain in t h e

world o f r e al ity t he m od e l o f h is o wn s m all world w ith

al l t he pl e asu r e s an d s at is f act io n s o r d is app o int m e nts
,

and u nh app in e ss e s w ith wh ich it w as fill e d .

Th is co nd it io n to b e su r e is no t a r e cogniz e d o r a
co nsc iou s o ne for t h e ind iv idu al m ay th ink h im s e l f p e r
,

fe ct ly fr e e fro m th is p ast influ e nc e b e c au s e h e is l iv ing in

t h e r e al wo rld and b e c au s e a ctu ally th e r e is a gr e at d if
,

f e r e nc e b e tw e e n t h e p r e s e nt co nd it io ns and th at o f h is
ch ild ish p ast H e s e e s all th is int e ll e ct u ally but th e r e is
.
, ,

a w id e g ap b e tw e e n t h e int e ll e ctu al gr a sp o f a s itu at io n

and t h e . e m ot io n al d e v e lop m e nt and it is t h e l att e r

,

r e al m wh e r e in l ie s t h e d ish ar m o ny How e v e r although

.
,

m any id e as and f e e l ings are co nne ct e d w ith t h e p ar e nts ,

an alys is r e v e als v e ry o ft e n th at th e y are o nly subj e ct iv e

and th at in r e al ity th e y b e ar l ittl e r e s e m bl an c e to t h e a ctu al

p ast s itu at io n Th e r e for e Ju ng sp e aks n o l o ng e r o f t h e

.
,

r e al f ath e r and m oth e r but u s e s t h e t e r m im ago o r im age

to r e pr e s e nt t h e f ath e r o r m oth e r b e c au se t h e fe e l ings
,

and ph an t as ie s fr e qu e ntly do n o t d e al w ith t h e r eal

p ar e nts but w ith t he d istort e d and subj e ct iv e im age
cr e at e d by t h e im ag inat io n o f t h e ind iv idu al .

F ollow ing th is d ist in ct io n Ju ng s e e s in t h e O e d ipu s

co m pl e x o f F r e ud o nly a sym b o l fo r t he ch ild ish de
s ir e t ow ard s t he p ar e nt s and fo r t h e co nfl ict wh ich th is
cr av ing e v o k e s and c anno t acc e pt t he th e ory th at in t h is
,
 I N TRO D U CT I O N i
x xx ii

ea rly st ag e o f ch ildhood t he moth e r h as any r e al s e xu al

s ignific anc e fo r t h e ch ild .

T h e d e m ands o f t h e ch ild upo n t he moth e r t he ,

j e alou sy so o ft e n e xh ib it e d are at first co nne ct e d w ith

,

t h e r o l e o f t h e moth e r as p rot e cto r c ar e t ak e r and sup

,

pl ie r o f nutr it iv e w ants and o nly l at e r w ith t h e ge rm inat

, ,

ing e rot ic ism do e s t h e ch ild s lov e b e com e ad m ix e d w ith

’
,

t h e d e v e lop ing s e xu al qu al ity T h e ch ie f lov e obj e cts are

.

st ill t h e p ar e nts and h e n atu r ally co nt inu e s to s e e k and

to find in th e m s at is f act io n fo r al l h is d e s ir e s I n th is
.

way t h e typ ic al co n fl ict is d e v e lop e d wh ich in t he son is

d ir e ct e d tow ards t h e f ath e r and in t h e d aught e r tow ards
t h e moth e r . Th is j e alousy o f t he d aught e r tow ards t h e
moth e r is c all e d t he E l e c t ra c o mpl e x from t h e myth o f
E l e ctr a who took r e v e ng e o n h e r moth e r fo r t h e mu rd e r
o f t h e hu sb and b e c au s e she was in th is way d e pr iv e d o f
h e r f ath e r
.

N o rm ally as pub e rty is att aine d t he ch ild gr adu ally

b e com e s mor e o r l e ss fr e e d fro m h is p ar e nts and upon
,

t h e d e gr e e in wh ich th is is a cco m pl ish e d d e p e nds h is

h e alth and futur e w e ll b e ing

-
.

Th is d e m an d o f natu r e upo n t he you ng ind iv idu al to

fr e e h ims e l f fro m t he b o nds o f his ch ild ish d e p e nd e ncy
and to find in t h e world o f r e al ity h is ind e p e n d e nt e x ist
e n c e is so im p e r iou s and do m inat ing th at it fr e qu e ntly

p rodu c e s in t h e ch ild t h e gr e at e st struggl e s and s e v e r e st

co n fl icts t he p e r io d b e ing ch ar act e r iz e d sym bol ic ally as a
,

s e l f s ac r i c e by Ju ng
-

fi .

I t fr e qu e ntly h app e ns th at t h e you ng p e rso n is s o

clo s e ly bou nd in t h e fam ily r e l at io n s th at it is o nly w ith
 I N TRO D U C T I O N

t he gr e at e st d iffi culty th at h e c an att ain any m e asu r e o f

fr e e do m an d t h e n o nly v e ry im p e r fe c t ly so t h at t h e l ib ido
,

s e xu al is c an o nly e xpr e ss it se l f in c e r t ain fe e l ings and

ph ant as ie s wh ich cl e arly r e v e al t h e e x ist e n c e o f t h e co m
pl e x u nt il th e n e nt ir e ly h idd e n an d u n r e al iz e d N ow
.

co m m e nc e s t h e s e c o n d ary struggl e ag ain s t t h e unfil ial and

im m or al fe e l in gs w it h a co n s e qu e nt d e v e lop m e nt o f
int e n s e r e s ist an c e s e xp r e ss ing t h e m s e lv e s in irr it at io n
,

ang e r r e v o l t an d an t ag o n is m ag ain st t h e p ar e nts o r e ls e

, ,

in an e sp e c ially t e n d e r sub m is siv e and y ie ld ing att itud e

,

wh ich ov e r co m p e ns at e s fo r t he r e b e ll io n and r e act io n

-

h e ld w ith in .

Th is strugg l e and c o nfl ict g iv e s r is e to t h e u n co n sc iou s

ph ant asy o f s e lf sac rific e wh ich r e ally m e an s t h e s acr i
-

fic in g o f t h e ch ild ish t e n d e n c ie s and lov e typ e in ord e r to

fr e e l ib ido ; fo r h is n atur e d e m ands th at h e att ain t h e
c ap ac ity fo r t h e acco m pl ish m e nt o f h is o wn p e rso n al
fulfil m e nt t h e s at is fact io n o f wh ich b e lo ngs to t h e de
,

v e l o p e d m an and wo m an .

Th is co n c e p t io n h as b e e n work e d out in d e t ail by

Ju ng in t h e book wh ich is h e r e in p r e s e nt e d to E ngl ish
r e ad e rs .

W e no w com e to t h e m ost im port ant o f Ju ng s co n ’

c e pt io ns in th at it b e ars p r act ic ally upo n t h e tr e at m e n t

o f c e rt ain t yp e s o f t h e n e uro s e s an d st an ds th e or e t ic ally

in d ir e ct oppos it io n t o F r e u d s hypoth e s is Wh il e r e cog

’
.

niz ing fully t h e influ e n c e o f t h e p ar e nts and o f t h e s e xu al

co nst itut io n o f t h e ch ild Ju ng r e fu s e s to se e in th is in

,

fant il e p ast t h e r e al c au s e fo r t h e l at e r d e v e lop m e nt o f

t h e ill ne ss .H e d e fi nit e ly pl ac e s t h e c au s e o f t he p at ho
 I N TRO D U C T I O N x xx v
g e nic co n fl ict in t h e pre se nt m o m e nt and co ns id e rs th at in
s e e k ing fo r t h e c aus e in t h e d ist ant p ast o ne is o nly fo l
low ing t h e d e s ir e o f t h e p at ie nt wh ich is to w ithdr aw
,

h im s e lf as m u ch as po ss ibl e fro m t he p r e s e nt im p ort ant

p e r iod .

T h e co n fl ict is produc e d by so m e im p ort an t t ask o r

du t y wh ich is e ss e nt ial b iolog ic ally and p r act ic ally fo r t he
fulfil m e nt o f t h e e g o o f t h e ind iv idu al but b e fo r e wh ich
,

an o bst a cl e ar is e s fro m wh ich h e shr inks and thu s h alt e d

,

c anno t g o o n W ith th is int e r fe r e n c e in t he p ath o f

.

p rogr e ssio n l ib ido is stor e d up and a re g r e ssio n t ak e s

pl ac e wh e r e by th e r e o ccu rs a r e anim at io n o f p ast w ays
o f l ib ido o ccup at io n wh ich w e r e e nt ir e ly n o r m al to t h e
ch ild but wh ich fo r t h e adult are n o l o ng e r o f v alu e
,
.

Th e s e r e gr e s siv e in f ant il e d e s ir e s and ph ant as ie s no w

al iv e and str iv in g fo r s at is fact io n a re co nv e rt e d into

sym pto m s and in th e s e su rrog at e fo rm s obt ain a c e rt ain

,

gr at ifi c at io n thu s cr e at ing t h e e xt e r n al m anif e st at io n s o f

,

t h e n e u ro s is
. Th e r e for e Ju ng do e s no t ask fro m wh at
p sych ic e xp e r ie n c e o r po int o f fix at io n in ch ildhood t he
p at ie nt is su ffe r ing but wh at is t h e p r e s e nt du ty o r t ask
,

h e is avo id ing o r wh at obst acl e in h is l ife s p ath h e is

,
’

u nabl e to ov e rco m e Wh at is t h e c au s e o f his r e gr e ss io n

t o p ast p sych ic e xp e r ie n c e s ?

F ol low ing th is th e ory Ju ng e xp r e ss e s t h e V ie w th at t he

e l abo r at e ph an t asie s an d dr e am s p r o du c e d by th e s e p a
t ie nt s are r e ally for m s o f c o m p e n s at io n o r a rt ific ial sub

st it u t e s fo r t h e u n fulfill e d a d apt at io n to r e al ity . T he

s e xu al c o nt e nt o f th e s e p h ant asie s and dr e am s is o nly
app ar e ntly an d n o t a ctu ally e x pre ssw e o f a r e al s e xu al
 I N TRO D U C T I O N

d e s ir e o r inc e st w ish but is a r e gr e ss iv e e mploym e nt o f

,

s e xu al for m s to sym bol ic ally e xpr e ss a p r e s e nt day ne e d -

wh e n t h e att ainm e n t o f t h e p r e s e nt e g o d e m an d s e e ms
too d iffi cult o r impo ss ibl e an d no ad apt at io n is m ad e to ,

’
wh at is po ss ibl e fo r t h e in d iv idu al s c ap ab il ity *
.

W ith th is st at e m e nt Ju ng throws a ne w l ight o n t he

work o f analyt ic p sycholo gy and o n t he co nc e pt io n o f
t h e ne u rot ic sy m pto m s and r e nd e rs po ss ibl e o f u nd e r
,

st and ing t he m any app ar e n t inco ngru it ie s and co nfl ict ing

obs e rv at io ns wh ich h av e b e e n s o d istu rb ing to t h e cr it ics .

It no w b e com e s p rop e r to ask wh at h as b e e n e st ab

lish e d by al l th is m as s o f inv e st ig at io n into t h e soul an d ,

wh at is it s v alu e no t o nly as a th e r ap e ut ic m e asu r e fo r

t h e n e u rot ic suffe r e r but also fo r t h e n orm al hum an
,

b e ing ?
F irst and p e rh ap s mo st imp ort ant is t he r e cognit io n o f
a d e fi n it e p sycholog ic al d e t e r m inis m I n st e ad o f hum an .

l if e b e ing fill e d w ith fool ish m e aningl e s s o r purpos e l e ss ,

act io n s e rro rs and thoughts it c an b e d e m onstr at e d th at

, ,

no e xpr e s s io n o r m anif e st at ion o f t h e p sych e how e v e r ,

tr ifl ing o r incons ist e nt in app e ar anc e is r e ally l awl e ss o r ,

u nm ot iv at e d O nly a poss e ss io n o f t h e t e ch niqu e is ne ce s

.

s ary in o rd e r to r e v e al to any o ne d e s irous o f k now ing

, ,

t h e e x ist e nc e o f t h e u nco n sc iou s d e t e r m inants o f h is m an

ne rism s tr iv ial e xpr e ss io ns acts and b e h av ior th e ir

, , ,

purpo s e and s ignific anc e .

*
Fo r a m o re l c o m p et e p re se nt at o n i of J ung ’
s i
v ew s c o nsu lt h is
Th y f
eo r o P ych analy i
s o s s in th e N e rv o us and M e nt a l Di se a se M o no

g raph S i e r e s, No . 1 9 .
 I N TRO D U C T I O N x x xv n

Th is l e ads into t h e s e co nd fu nd am e nt al conc e pt io n ,

wh ich is p e rh ap s e v e n l e ss co ns id e r e d th an t he for e go ing ,

and th at is t h e r e l at iv e v alu e o f t h e co n sc iou s m ind and

thought I t is t h e g e ne r al att itud e o f p e opl e to ju dg e

.

th e m s e lv e s by th e ir su r fac e m ot iv e s to s at is fy th e ms e lv e s
,

by s ay ing o r th ink ing th is is wh at I w ant to do o r say

or I int e nd e d to do thu s and so , but som e how wh at
o ne thought o ne int e nd e d to say o r e xp e ct e d to do is v e ry
,

o ft e n t he co ntr ary o f wh at actu ally is s aid o r do ne .

E v e ry o ne h as h ad th e s e e xp e r ie n c e s wh e n t he g ap b e
tw e e n t he co nsc iou s thought and act io n w as gros s e nough
to b e obs e rv e d I t is also a w e ll k nown e xp e r ie nc e to
.

co n sc iou sly d e s ir e som e th ing v e ry mu ch and wh e n it is

obt aine d to d iscov e r th at th is in no w is e s at isfi e d o r
l e ss e ne d t he d e s ir e wh ich w as th e n tr ans f e rr e d to som e
,

oth e r obj e ct Thu s o ne b e c am e cogniz ant o f t h e f act

.

th at t he f e e l ing and id e a p r e s e nt e d by co nsc iou sn e s s as

t h e d e s ir e w as an e rro r Wh at is t h e d iflicul t y in th e s e
.

co nd it io n s ? E v id e ntly som e oth e r d ir e ct ing forc e th an

th at o f wh ich w e are aw ar e is at work .

D r G S t anl e y H all u s e s a v e ry str ik ing symbol wh e n

. .

h e comp ar e s t h e m ind to an ic e b e rg fl o at ing in t h e oc e an

w ith o ne e ighth v is ibl e abov e t h e w at e r and s e v e n e ighths
- -

—
b e low t he o ne e ighth abov e b e ing th at p art c all e d con
-

sc iou s and t he s e v e n e ighths b e low th at wh ich we c all t h e

-

u nco nsc iou s T h e influ e nc e and co ntroll ing p ow e r o f t he

.

u nconsc iou s d e s ir es ov e r ou r thoughts and acts are in th is

r e l at iv e p roport io n F aint gl im m e rs o f oth e r mot iv e s
.

and int e r e sts th an tho s e w e a cc e pt o r wh ich w e b e l ie v e ,

o ft e n fl it into co nsc iou s ne ss Th e s e ind ic at io ns if stud ie d

.
,
xxxv iii I N TRO D U CT I O N

o r v alu e d accu r at e ly would l e ad to t h e r e al iz at io n th at

,

c o nsc iou s ne ss is but a s ingl e st ag e and but o ne for m o f

e xp r e ss io n o f m in d . Th e r e for e it s d ictu m is but o ne ,

o ft e n u ntru stw o rthy appro ach t o t h e gr e at qu e st io n as

,

to wh at is m an s actu al p sych ic acco m pl ish m e nt and as

’

to wh at in p art icul ar is t h e actu al soul d e v e lopm e nt o f

t h e ind iv idu al .

A furth e r co ntr ibut io n o f e qu al import anc e h as b e e n

t h e e m p ir ic d e v e lop m e nt o f a dy n am ic th e ory o f l if e ; t h e

co nc e pt io n th at l if e is in a st at e o f fl ux —mov e m e nt—l e ad
ing e ith e r to co n stru ct io n o r d e stru ct io n . Through t he
d e v e lop m e nt m an h as r e ach e d h e h as att aine d t h e p ow e r
by m e an s o f h is int e ll ig e n c e and u nd e rs t and ing o f de fi
nit e ly d ir e ct ing to a c e rt ain e xt e nt th is l if e e ne rgy o r

l ib ido into av e nu e s wh ich s e rv e h is int e r e st and br ing a

r e al s at is fact io n fo r t h e p r e s e nt day .

Wh e n m an through igno r an c e and c e rt ain inh e r e nt

t e n d e n c ie s fails t o r e cogniz e h is ne e ds o r h is p ow e r to
fulfil th e m or to ad ap t h im se lf to t h e co nd it io ns o f r e al ity
,

o f t h e pr e s e nt t im e t h e r e is th e n p rodu c e d t h at r e anim a
,

t io n o f in f ant il e p at hs by wh ich an att e m pt is m ad e t o

g ain fulfil m e nt o r s at is fact io n through t h e p roduct io n o f
sy m pto m s o r att it ud e s .

T h e acc e pt an c e o f th e s e st at e m e nts d e m ands t h e r e cog

n it io n o f t h e e x ist e n c e o f an in fant il e s e xu al ity and t h e

l arg e p art pl ay e d by it in t h e l at e r l if e o f t he ind iv idu al .

B e c au s e o f t h e p ow e r and im p e r io u s influ e nc e e x e rt e d by
t h e p ar e nts upo n t h e ch ild an d b e c au s e o f t h e u n co n sc iou s
,

att a ch m e nt o f h is l ib id o t o t h e o r ig in al o bj e ct t h e m o th e r
, ,
(
and t h e p e rs e v e r an c e o f t h is first l o v e m od e l in t h e
x l I N TRO D U C T I O N

mot iv e ly ing h idd e n in t h e myths and r e l ig ions o f m an

from t h e b e g inning as w e ll as in t h e l it e r atur e and
,

a rt ist ic cr e at io n s o f both anc ie nt and m od e r n t im e ,

and wh ich h e works out w ith t h e gr e at e st w e alth o f

d e t ail and p ainst ak ing e ffort in t he book h e r e w ith p re

s e nt e d .

Th is ne c e ss it at e s a r e cognit ion and r e v alu at ion o f t he

e normou s im port anc e and in flu e n c e o f t h e e g o and t h e

s e xu al in st in ct upo n t h e thought and r e ac t io n o f m an ,

and also p r e d ic at e s a d ispl ac e m e nt o f t h e p sycholog ic al

po int o f gr av ity fro m t he w ill and int e ll e ct to t he r e alm

o f t h e e m ot io n s an d f e e l ings . T h e d e s ir e d e n d is a
synth e s is o f th e s e two p aths o r t h e u se o f t h e int e ll e ct
co nstruct iv e ly in t h e s e rv ic e o f t h e e mot io ns in ord e r to
g ain fo r t h e b e st int e r e st o f t he ind iv idu al som e sort o f
c o op e r at iv e r e act io n b e tw e e n t h e two
-
.

N o o ne d e al ing w ith an alyt ic p sycholo g y c an f ail to

b e struck by t h e tr e m e ndous and u nne c e ss ary burd e n s
wh ich m an h as pl ac e d upo n h ims e l f and how gr e atly
,

h e h as incr e as e d t h e difli cul t ie s o f ad apt at io n by his r igid

int e ll e ctu al v ie ws and mo r al formul as and by his inab il ity
,

to ad m it to h im s e lf th at h e is actu ally j ust a hum an b e ing

im p e r f e ct and co nt aining w ith in h ims e l f all m anne r o f
,

t e nd e nc ie s good and h ad all str iv ing for som e sat isfac

, ,

to ry go al F ur th e r th at t he r e fu s al to se e h im s e l f in
.
,

th is l ight in st e ad o f as an id eal p e rso n in no w ay alt e rs

t h e actu al co nd it io n and th at in f act through t h e ch e ap
, ,

p r e t e ns e o f b e ing abl e o nly to co n s id e r h ims e lf as a v e ry

v irtuou s p e rso n o r as shock e d and hu rt wh e n obs e rv ing
,

t he s ins o f oth e rs h e actu ally is p r e v e nt e d from de

,
 I N TRO D U CT I O N xl i

i
v e l o p ng own ch ar act e r and br ing ing his own c ap ac
his
it ie s to th e ir full e st e xp r e ss io ns .

Th e r e is fr e qu e ntly e xp r e ss e d amo ng p e opl e t he id e a

’
o f how fo rtun at e it is th at we c annot se e e ach oth e r s
thoughts and how d isturb ing it would b e if ou r r e al
,

f e e l ings could b e r e ad B ut wh at is so sh am e ful in th e s e

.

s e cr e ts o f t h e soul ? T h e y are in r e al ity our o wn e go ist ic

\ '

d e s ir e s all str iv ing long ing w ish ing fo r s at is f act io n fo r

, , ,

h app in e s s ; tho s e d e s ir e s wh ich inst inct iv e ly cr av e th e ir

o wn gr at ific at io n but wh ich c an o nly b e r e ally fulfill e d by

ad apt ing th e m to t h e r e al world and to t h e soc ial group .

Why is it th at it is so p ainful fo r m an to ad m it th at
t h e pr im e in flu e nc e in al l hum an e n d e avo r is found in t h e

e g o its e lf in it s d e s ir e s
, w ish e s n e e ds and s at is f act io ns
, , ,

in sh o rt in it s ne e d fo r s e lf e xpr e ss io n and s e lf p e rp e tu a
, ,
- -

t io n t he e volut io nary imp e tu s in l if e ?

,

T h e b as is fo r t h e u npl e as ant ne s s o f th is id e a m ay p e r
h ap s b e fou nd in an inne r r e s ist anc e in natur e its e lf wh ich
forc e s m an to includ e oth e rs in h is s ch e m e l e st h is own ,

gr e e dy d e s ir e s should s e rv e to d e stroy him B ut e v e n .

w ith th is inne r d e m and and all t he e th ic al and mor al

t e ach ings o f c e ntur ie s it is e v e rywh e r e e v id e nt th at m an
h as only v e ry imp e r f e ctly l e arn e d th at it is to h is own
int e r e st to co ns id e r h is ne ighbo r and th at it is imposs ibl e
fo r him to igno r e t h e n e e ds o f t h e body so cial o f wh ich
h e is a p art E xt e r nally t he r e cognit io n o f t h e str e ngth
.
,

o f t h e e g o im puls e is obj e ct io nabl e b e c au s e o f t he id e al

co nc e pt io n th at s e lf str iv ing and so c all e d s e lfish s e e k ing
- -

are u nwo rthy ig nobl e and in comp at ibl e w ith a d e s ir abl e

,

ch ar act e r and m u st b e ignor e d at all cost .

xl ii I N TRO D U CT I O N

T h e fut il ity o f th is att itud e is to b e cl e arly s e e n in t h e

f ailur e a ft e r all th e s e c e ntur ie s to e v e n app rox im at e it ,

as e v id e n c e d in our hu m an r e l at io n s and in st itut io n s and ,

is qu it e a s in e ffe ctu al in th is r e al m as in th at o f s e xu al ity

wh e r e t h e e ffort t o ov e rco m e th is imp e r iou s d o m inat io n
h as b e e n att e m pt e d by low e r ing t h e in st in ct and s e e in g ,

in it s o m e th ing v il e or u n cl e an som e th ing u n sp e ak abl e

,

an d u nholy . I n st e ad o f d e stroy ing t h e pow e r o f s e xu al ity

th is struggl e h as o nly w arp e d an d d istort e d injur e d and ,

m ut il at e d t h e e xpr e ss io n ; fo r n o t w ithout d e stru ct io n o f

t h e ind iv idu al c an th e s e fu nd am e nt al in st incts b e d e

stroy e d L if e its e l f h as ne e ds and im p e r iou sly d e m ands

.

e xp r e ss io n through t h e forms cr e at e d All nat u r e

.

an sw e rs to th is fr e e ly and s im ply e xc e pt m an H is f ail .

u re to r e cog niz e h ims e lf as an in strum e nt through wh ich

t h e l if e e ne r g y is cours ing and t h e d e m ands o f wh ich

mu st b e ob e y e d is t h e c aus e o f h is m is e ry D e sp it e h is
,
.

po ss e ss io n o f int e ll e ct and s e lf co nsc ious ne ss h e c annot

-
,

w ithout d is ast e r to h ims e l f r e fu s e t he t asks o f l if e and

t h e fulfilm e n t o f h is o wn ne e ds M an s gr e at t ask is
’
.

t h e ad apt at io n o f h ims e lf to r e al ity and t h e r e cognit io n

o f h im s e lf as an instru m e nt for t h e e xpr e ss io n o f l if e

a ccord ing to his ind iv idu al po ss ib il it ie s .

I t is in h is p r iv il e g e as a s e l f cr e ator th at his h igh e st

-

purpo se is fou nd .

Th e v alu e o f s e l f c o nsc iou s ne ss l ie s in t h e f act th at

-

m an is e nabl e d to r e fl e ct upo n h im s e l f and l e ar n to u nd e r

st an d t h e tru e o r igin and s ignific anc e o f h is act io n s and
op inio ns th at h e m ay ad e qu at e ly v alu e t h e r e al l e v e l o f
,

h is d e v e lop m e n t and avo id b e ing s e l f d e c e iv e d and th e r e

-
 I N TRO D U C T I O N x l iii

for e inh ib it e d fro m fi nd ing his b iologic al ad apt at io n H e .

n e e d n o lo ng e r b e u n c o n sc ious o f t h e m ot iv e s u n d e rly in g

h is act ions or h id e h im se l f b e h in d a ch ang e d e xt e r io r ,

in oth e r word s b e m e r e ly a s e r ie s o f r e act io n s to st im ul i

,

as t h e m e ch anists h av e it but h e m ay t o a c e rt ain e xt e n t

,

b e co m e a s e l f cr e at ing and s e lf d e t e r m ining b e ing

- -
.

I nd e e d th e r e s e e m s to b e an im puls e tow ards ad apt a

,

t io n qu it e as B e rgso n s e e s it and it would s e e m to b e a

,

t ask o f t h e h igh e st o rd e r to use int e ll ig e nc e to ass ist o ne s ’

s e l f to work w ith th is im puls e .

Through t h e inv e st ig at io n o f th e s e d iffe r e nt av e nu e s

l e ad ing into t h e h idd e n d e pths o f t h e hum an b e ing and
through t h e r e v e l at io n o f t h e m ot iv e s and influ e nc e s at
wo rk th e r e although asto nish ing to t he u ninit iat e d a
, ,

v e ry cl e ar and d e fi nit e co nc e pt io n o f t h e actu al hum an

- —
r e l at io n sh ip broth e rho o d o f all m ank ind is obt aine d .

I t is th is r e cognit io n o f th e s e co mm o n f acto rs b as ic ally

inh e r e nt in hu m anity fro m t h e b e g inning an d st ill a ct iv e ,

wh ich is at o n c e both t he m o st hop e ful and t he m o st

fe ar e d and d isl ik e d p art o f p sycho an alys is .

I t is d isl ik e d by thos e ind iv idu als who h av e p r id e d

th e m s e lv e s upo n th e ir sup e r io r ity and t h e d ist in ct io n b e
tw e e n th e ir r e act io n s and m ot iv e s and thos e o f o rd inary
m ank ind . I n oth e r words th e y att e m pt to b e co m e p e r
,

so n alit ie s through e l e v at ing th e m s e lv e s and low e r ing

oth e rs and it is a d ist in ct bl o w to d iscov e r th at b e ne ath
,

th e s e p r e t e ns io ns lie t h e v e ry o rd in ary e l e m e nts sh ar e d

in co mm o n by al l O n t h e oth e r h an d to tho s e who h av e
.
,

b e e n abl e to r e cogniz e th e ir o wn w e akne ss e s and h av e

x l iv I N TRO D U C T I O N

su ffe r e d in t h e pr iv acy o f th e ir o wn souls t he knowl e dge

,

th at th e s e th ing s h av e no t se t th e m ap art fro m oth e rs ,

but th at th e y are t h e co m mo n prop e rty o f all and th at

n o o ne can po int t h e fi n g e r o f sco r n at h is f e llow is o ne ,

o f t he gr e at e st e xp e r ie nc e s o f l if e and is p roduct iv e
o f t h e gr e at e st r e l ie f.

I t is f e ar e d by m any who r e al iz e th at in th e s e p ain fully

a cqu ir e d r e pr e ss io n s an d symptoms l ie th e ir s af e t y and

th e ir prot e ct io n fro m d ir e ctly f ac ing and d e al ing w ith

t e nd e nc ie s and ch ar act e r ist ics w ith wh ich th e y f e e l u nabl e
to cop e T h e r e p r e ss ion and t he accomp any ing symptoms
.

ind ic at e a d iflicul ty and a struggl e and in th is w ay are

,

a so rt o f comp rom is e o r sub st itut e fo rm at io n wh ich

p e rm it although only in a w ast e ful and fut il e m ann e r
, ,

t h e act iv ity o f t h e r e pr e ss e d t e nd e nc ie s. N e v e rth e l e ss ,

to analyz e t he ind iv idu al b ack to h is o r iginal t e nd e nc ie s

and r e v e al to h im t h e m e aning o f th e s e subst itut e form a

t io n s would b e a u s e l e s s p ro c e dur e in wh ich truly t he

”
l ast st at e o f th at m an would b e wo rs e th an t he fi rst
if t h e wo rk c e as e d th e r e . T h e aim is not to d e stroy
tho s e b arr ie rs upo n wh ich c iv il iz e d m an h as so p ain fully
cl imb e d and to r e duc e h im to h is p r im it iv e st at e but , ,

wh e r e th e s e h av e f ail e d o r imp e r f e ctly su cc e e d e d to h e lp

,

h im to att ain h is gr e at e st po ss ib il it ie s w ith l e ss e x pe nd i

tur e o f e n e rgy by l e s s w ast e ful m e thods th an natu r e
,

p rov id e s I n th is ach ie v e m e nt l ie s t h e hop e ful and v alu

.

abl e s id e o f th is m e th o d — t h e d e v e lopm e nt o f t h e syn

th e s is I t is hop e ful b e c aus e no w a w ay is op e ne d to

.

d e al w ith th e s e p r im it iv e t e nd e n c ie s co n struct iv e ly and

,

r e nd e r th e ir e ffe cts no t o nly h arml e ss but u s e ful by ,

 I N TRO D U C T I O N l
x v

util iz ing th e m in h igh e r aims soc ially and ind iv idu ally
,

v alu abl e and s at is f actory .

Th is is wh at h as o ccurr e d no rm ally in tho s e ind iv idu als

who s e e m c ap abl e and co n stru ct iv e p e rso n al it ie s ; in thos e
cr e at iv e m inds th at g iv e so mu ch to t he r ac e Th e y h av e
.

co nv e rt e d c e rt ain p sycholog ic al t e nd e nc ie s wh ich could

h av e p rodu c e d u s e l e s s symptoms o r d e stru ct iv e act io n s
into v alu abl e product ions I nd e e d it is no t u ncommon
.

fo r stro ng c ap abl e p e rsons to st at e th e m s e lv e s th at th e y

,

kne w th e y could h av e b e e n e qu ally c ap abl e o f a w ast e ful

o r d e stru ct iv e l if e Th is ut il iz at ion o f t he e ne r g y o r
.

l ib ido fr e e d by r e mov ing t he r e p r e ss ions and t h e l ift ing

.

o f in f ant il e t e nd e nc ie s and d e s ir e s into h igh e r purpo s e s

and d ir e ct ions su it abl e fo r t h e in d iv idu al at h is p r e s e nt

st atu s is c all e d sub limat io n .

I t mu st no t b e und e rstoo d by th is d iscuss io n th at

g e nius e s o r wond e r ful p e rso nal it ie s c an b e cr e at e d
through analys is fo r th is is no t t he aim o f t he p ro c e du r e
,
.

I ts purpo s e is to r e mov e t h e inh ib it io ns and r e str ict ions

wh ich int e r f e r e w ith t h e full d e v e lop m e nt o f t he pe r
so nal it y, to h e lp ind iv idu als att ain to th at l e v e l wh e r e
th e y r e ally b e lo ng and to p r e p ar e p e opl e to b e tt e r u nd e r
,

st and and m e e t l if e wh e th e r th e y are ne u rot ic su ffe r e r s

o r so c all e d no rm al p e opl e w ith t he d iffi cult ie s and
-

p e cul iar it ie s wh ich b e lo ng to all .

Th is r e aso ning and m e tho d o f proc e dur e is o nly ne w

wh e n t h e appl ic at io n is m ad e to t he hum an b e ing I n .

all im prov e m e n ts o f pl ants and an im als th e s e g e n e r al

pr inc ipl e s h av e b e e n r e cogniz e d and th e ir t e ach ings co n

st ruc t iv e l y ut il iz e d.
 l i
x v I N TRO D U C T I O N

L uth e r B urb ank th at pl ant w iz ard who s e work is

,

known to all t h e wo rld s ays A knowl e dg e o f t h e b attl e

, ,

o f t h e t e nd e n c ie s w ith in a pl ant is t h e v e ry b as is o f all

pl ant imp rov e m e nt and it is n o t th at t h e work o f pl ant

,

im p rov e m e n t br ings w ith it inc id e nt ally as p e opl e m is

, ,

t ake nly t h ink a k n owl e dg e o f t h e s e forc e s it is t h e k nowl

, ,

e dg e o f th e s e forc e s r ath e r wh ich m ak e s pl ant imp rov e

, ,

m e nt poss ibl e .

H as th is n o t b e e n also t h e m ist ak e o f m an r e g ard ing

h im s e l f and t h e c au s e p artly at l e ast o f h is failur e to
, , ,

su cc e e d in actu ally r e ach ing a mor e adv anc e d and st abl e

d e v e lop m e nt ?
Th is r e cognit io n o f m an s b iolog ic al r e l at io n s h ip to
’
-

all l if e an d t h e pr act ic al ut il iz at io n o f th is r e cog nit io n ,

n e c e ss it at e s a r e adju st m e n t o f thought and a sks for an

e x am in at io n an d r e co n s id e r at io n of t h e f acts of hum an

co n duct wh ich are obs e rv abl e by any thoughtful p e rso n .

A qu ie t and p rogr e ss iv e uph e av al o f old id e as h as t ak e n

pl ac e and is st ill go ing o n A n alyt ic p sychology att e m pts
.

t o u nify an d v alu e all o f t h e v a r iou s ph e n o m e n a o f m an

wh ich h av e b e e n obs e rv e d and n ot e d at d iffe r e nt t im e s

by isol at e d inv e st ig ato rs o f isol at e d m anife st at io ns and
t hu s br ing so m e o rd e rly s e qu e n c e into t h e whol e It .

o ffe rs a m e t hod wh e r e b yt h e r e l at io ns o f t he hu m an b e ing

b iolog ic ally to al l o th e r l iv ing for m s c an b e e st abl ish e d ,

t h e ac t u al a ch ie v e m e nt o f m an h im s e l f ad e qu at e ly v alu e d ,

an d op e n s a v ist a o f t h e po s sib il it ie s o f im prov e m e n t in

h e alth h app ine ss and acco m pl ishm e nt fo r th e hu m an

,

b e ing .

B E A TR I C E M HI N K L E . .

I O G ram e r cy P ark .
 CO NTE N TS

AU TH OR S ’
NO TE
PART I
C H AP TER
I N TR O D U C T I O N
R e l at i o n o f t h e I nc e st P h ant asy O e d i p us L d
y—
to the egen
M l l i
di c T h u ni ty f t h ch
ant i q u e and m d e n p yc h l gy—
o ra re v u s o n ov er su a s ov er e o e

F ll w f F e u d in t h i s
fi e l d—
o r s o o o o e rs o r

T h e n e e d o f an a ly i ng h i t o ri c a l m at e ri al in re l a z s

t i n t o i nd i v i d u a l an a ly si s
o .

C O N CER N I N G TH E TW O K I N D S O F T H I N K I N G
A nt i q ui t y f t h b l i f in d m —
’

Th y c nc n w i h fulfi l m nt —
D e m m e ni ng p ych
l g i c l n t l i t l—
o e e e re a s r a -
a s s o

u l t—
o a , o e ra e A o er s -
e s
ty p i c l d
y d y t h i nk i ng ?—
a m : th re a u l e sex W h t i ymb l i c in u
a ass a a s s o o r
O n k i nd f t h i nk i ng : i nt n i
d i c t d—
ev er a e nd o e s ve a

w d — und —
d lib t
e e ra e , or D i c t d t h i nk i ng nd t h i nk i ng in
re e re e a

l ut i n f sp c h—
or O i g i n f p c h in p i m i t i
s r o s n tu ee Th r ve a re so s e

—
ev o o

Th i nk i ng n t d i c t d
o D i c t d t h i nk i ng m d n c qu i i t i n
ee
t h i nk i ng in i m g
re e
kin t
a o er a s o

d m i ng—
, o re e : a a es a o
k i nd f t h i nk i ng d i c t d nd d m
,

re a Tw
— o s o : re e a re a or

—T h d i ci p l i n f ch l t ic i m f —unn —A nt i que
p h n at y as
e
t h i n k i n g
s
S c i n c n
e
p
o
i n
s
f ed i c t
o as
d
e a t h i nk i ng ex

s
re ss o

as a
o

o re r
re e

er
spi it cr t d n t
re a e c i nc b ut myt h l g y T h i w l d f
o s e e o o e r or o

subj c t i e ph nt i
ve
—
i m i l t t h t w fi nd in t h c h i l d
a as e s s ar o a e e

ty p —
m i nd f t d y ; o o- in t h
a or
g T he d m h w e s av a imi e re a s o s a s
I nf nt i l t h i nk i ng nd d m ch f t h e
l ar
i i c
e
c i
a
— e
T h m yt h d m f
a re a s a t e- e o o

p h
re t
l
s or n d
d
t h a n n t e
i d
a
i i d
m
l — e
P h nt t i c
e s a ass- re a o

wi h —
th p e p eo : t h e m t h me y t h f
re a t h n u e o e v a a as
t h i n k i ng c nc n Ty p i c l c h w i ng k i n h i p
w i t h nc i nt myt h —
o er s s es a ase s, s o s

— a e
P h ant t i c t h i nk i ng t l l u
as
P yc h l g y f m n c h ng s

f m yt h i c l
s

e th
b ut l w ly
o o

m t i l
s s o
o a
a
a
or o
es
er
s o
a er a
f und l p d nd n l ng c g ni d w i h t nd nc i s
ul — —T h w i h b c u f it
o ev e o e a o o er re o ze s e e e
in t h e so Th u l b e se x a a se e s e a se o s
d i t u b i ng n t u d n t d i c t ly b ut ym b l i c l ly
,

s r p a re , ex re sse o re s o a

—T H E
.
,

II M I LL E R P H AN TA S I E S
t i b i l i t y—
.

Mi Mil l unu u l I d nt i fy i ng h l f
—E mp l f h ut gg t i b i l i ty nd ug
’
ss ug g er s s a s es e e rse
w i th
g e t is
th
vef
f c
o

t — e
e rs

N t t i k i ng in t h m l
e
xa

b ut f m n ly t i c
o s r
es o er a
e
o su

se v e s,
es
ro
a
a a
s

i w p i nt t h y ff d g l nc i nt t h
v e o e a l f t h w it
or a a e o e so u o e r er
H er p h nt i al ly t l l f t h h i t y f h e l
a s e s re a e o e s or o r ov e.

III —T H E H Y M N O F CR E AT I O N
y—
.

Mi Mil l d c i pt i n f j R e al l y a d e
i n —
’
ss er s es r o o a s e a- o urne

sc i p t i n i nt A f o m e al i ty i nt o
“ ”
r f o o ro v e rs o re t re at r r
 CO NTE NTS
C H AP TE R PA GE
lf— t h e re a l w l d w i t h o t i c i mpre s
ffic e i ng i ng in t h e ni g h t w at c h—
h e rse Th e t urn t e r o or er

si n T h e u nd e
i n—
o f o o r s -
r

a l u i ng f uch t i c i mp Th i ft n d p ff ct
—T h ucc d i ng d m nd p m—T h d ni d t i c im
v

e s
o

ee
s e ro

re a ,
a
re ss o

oe
s e r o

e e
e

e
ee

e ro
e e

i n u u p n a l i t an f nc : it p i t lf
F at h I m g — A n ly i f t h p m—R l at i n
p re s s o s r s a e r er r s e re e ex re ss e s se

C y an M i l t n a n d J b —
th ug h t h
ro e e r- a o a s s o e oe e o

at t m p t t c p th
—
t o r o, Th o o e e o es a e e

bl by l i i i c l C nt a t w i t h e a l
l i g i n—E c ap f m
p ro m e g u n da re t h a p o s a e o se o r s r

t i c by t a n f nc
C h i t—
re o s e ro t a G d e ro r s e re e o o or

Th i m ad e ff c t i by m ut u a l t an f nc e : L e
r s
— s
tic pi itu l i d h w e —T h e i nne
e e ve r s e re ov

c nfl i c t k pt c n c i u by t h i m et h d—
on n th
e a Th
o er e e ro s r a ze ,
o v er r

Th m d n h w
—
o e o s o s s o e o er , o

c fl i c b c c
f unc t i o n f C h i t i ani ty— fu lfi ll e d—
e v e r, p ret h n
r e sse s t a n d m
e n uo t i Th so e o es e ro e

o I t b i l g i c pu p
r s Its s o o r o se

f o m f t h ug h t and w i d m st i l l a a i l ab l e
r o o s o

—
s v .

IV . TH E S O N G O F T H E M O TH
T h e d ubl ol e f F au st : c at and d st y I c am e
b ut a w d —
o e r o re or e ro er

n t t o n d p ac
o se e T h m d n p bl e m f
e, s or e o er ro o

c h i c b t w n S cyl l a f w l d e nunc i at i n and C h a yb d i

f w l d acc e pt anc e—
o e e ee o or -
r o r s

o or -
T h e e t h i c al p f Th H ymn o f o se o e

C t i n h a i n g f a i l d t h u n c n c i u p j c t a ne w
M t h S ng—T h c h i c a in F au t—T h
re a o v e , e o s o s ro e s

at t e m pt in t h e o -
o e o e, s s e

l ng i ng f t h e un ( G d ) t h e am a t h at f t h e
—N t th e bj ct h w : t h l ng i ng i im
o or s or o s e s or

hip ffi
—
’
s s o cer o o e ,
o ev e r e o s

w n l n g i ng t w h i ch w p ay d i i n
p
h n o
t
or a n
—T h f i l u t p l ac by al c mp n at i n t h
t
o rs
G d i u o

e
s

a
o

re
r o

o re
o

e
o

a re o
e

e s o
v e

l i b i d bj ct w h i c h i u n d d p d uc i n t
l i and d i c a d d bj c t—A t u n t t h i nf ant i l e
o- o e s g s rre e re ,
ro es re re s s o o

nt i m ag —
an e ar er s r e o e re r o e
Th u It b c m yn nym u w i th
n ak —
f th p
G d S u n F i —S u n
e se o e a re e e o es s o o s

S ym b l f t h l i b i d
t h
o

d
,

i t t h
,

y
nd
m b l —
re

T h t e nd ncy t ow a d u n i ty
a s e o s o e o

a nd t w a d m u l t i p l i c i t y—
g a n
e re u n o e s -
s o e e r

G d w i t h m any at t i b ut :
f n —
o r On e o r es
m any g d t h at a at t i b u t P h a l l u a nd u n
d—C h i t a un g d M th
or o s re r es o o e s s
Th un h
e s th w ll b l
-
e ro , e e -
e ov e r s s s -
o o

t h e n b i ng h i t i c d pt h ul
c at i and d t uc t i —
”
an d un s u t r f th
s s o s or e s o e so

H nc : M t h nd
w i ng —
Th un h
e s -
e ro re ve es r ve e e o a

F l m : b u n i ng n T h d t uc t i f b i ng
f ui t f u l —W h f
’
a e r o e s n s e es r ve e ss o e

t i c w i t h d aw f m th e c n
f e lf m u d e —
r th n u e re o re e e ro r s ro o

fl ic t c mm i t t i ng a
,
o t C o mp a i n w i t h
so r o s -
r r r so

B y n H e a e n and E a t h
ro
’
s v r .

PART II
I —AS P E CT S O F T HE LIB I D O
A b ack w a d g l anc —T h un t h nat u l g d—
.

C mpa i
n w ith l i bi d — —
r e e s e ra o o r
Li b i d y Th u n i m ag
“ ”

i n—T h ph l l i c ym b l f
so un n g o o, s -
e er e s -
e as

n by t h my t i c in i nt
l i b i d —F u t k y—M yt h i c a l h
se e e s ro v e rs o e a s o o

w i t h ph l l i c at
t i b ut —
th
’
e o a s s e e ro e s a
Th h f t h h um n l i b i d
—A d fi ni t i n f t h w d l i b i d
r es p n ifi at i n e se e ro e s e r so c o s o e a o

a n d it typ i c l f ts a a es e o o e or o
I t s t y m l g i c a l c nt t
e o o o ex .
 CO N TE N T S li

C H AP TE R PA GE
II .
—TH E C O N CEP TI O N A N D TH E G E N E T I C T H E O RY OF
LIB I D O
A w i d ni c nc i l ibid —N l i g ht f m t he
i —
e ng o f t h e o e pt o n o f o ew ro

dy T h i mp i b i l ity i c t i ng t h c n
— —
st u of p a ra no a f t e o ss o re s r e o

l i b i d l A i c
l —Y t t h i nd t h
i f h d fi i i T h
’

ce p t on o t t o g ot n t e se x u a e ne e on e

f ct i n f l i t y ly p t ly
un o o re a on ar sex u a e s, a o er
f nc t i n i g i n l ly d i t i n f m p c t i i m p l
f m t i —L i b i d
u o s, or a er v a o s ro ro re a ve u se
Th p c d t h c c pt i n
l—E m p l i myt h l gy—T h t g
e ro f te ss o rans o r a on o, an e on e o

o f will i g n e ne r a xa f es n o o e s a es o

l i b i d it d l i d d i ti d d i ff ti t i
—S b l i m t i
th e o :
—
s e se x u a ze er v a v es an e re n a o ns

l ib i d —
u a p i
on S p l i t t i g ff f t h p im l
v s. re r e ss o n n s o o e r a
A pp l i c t i n f g n t i c t h y f l i b i d t i t
i n p yc h —
o a o o e e eo r o o o n ro

R p l c i ng l i t y by c h i c
—D
v e rs o s

l i i ng l i b i d by m
o se s e
tic
g t
a
n l gy
re a ar a surro a es

f m t i n —P i b ly h m c c i
e se x u a z f ph t o e an s o an a s a a o

in t h i m nn —
or a o s o ss b ug h t t p nt
u an o ns o u s n e ss ro o re se

t t
s a e T h i m p t nc
s a f t h l i t t l ph
er e or a e o e e ra s e :
“
Ev en as .
”

I II . T
T H E R AN S F O RM A I O N O F T H E L I B I D O A P O S S I B LE T
T
.

S O U RC E O F P R I M I I V E H U M A N D I S C O V E R I E S
An l ii l i b i d —A t f b i g w i t h
t r a ns t o n o f t h e
—
ex a mp e of o c o or n

f fi g n i nf til l c i i y S im i l ct i i t i
ly c h i l d h d —
o re n er : a p an t e t re s e x u a a v ar a v es
in p t i t O t c m in d m t i p m
_

—
’
a en s e ar oo u o e e en a r cox
I t p h nt i
s a l t d t m yt h l g i c l p d ct
a s e s re a e o p d o o a ro u s: a re ro uc
ti c ti t i q i ty f i g f l ibi d
l f c t i n—
on f th
o e fre a ons Th o an u e re e n o o

f m t h n t i t i t nt t h
ro e u r ve o e er Th p che se x u a un o e e o
o f ckl i g nd t h p c h f d i p l c d h yt h m i c c t i i t y
su n a e e o o s a e r a v

Th e sef l l w d by t h b g i nni g f n i t i c t t m pt
o o e e e n s o o an s a e s
An b t cl in t h l p d c i t
—
o s a e e se x u a g z o ne ro u es re re ss o n o a
i d Th i n i i li t g f
h m ni t y t h n n w —
p re v o u s m o e g e s e re re ss o s e as e r n e ar er s a es o

l g i c l p h nt y f b i g
E mp l —
Th
T h p d ct i n f fi —
u a a th o e e no o a a as o or n

l ig nifi an e
A b tit t f c it —
xa es e ro It u o o re s sex u a s c c
su s u e Th
or i o ti n
us f fi m ki g th n
e nv e n o o re a n e
du t th n d f
e o e pp ly i g
ee o ym b l f t h
su nl t a s o or e se x u a ac
Th p yc h l g i c l c m p l i n f ch t n i t i
i g i n l d i i i n f t h w i l l—R g
e s o o a o u s o f th or su ra s o ns o e
l ibid b d
i n t i nc t —P h i b i t i h
o a se n on a or a v s o o e e re s

d i nc t
— m
s o o e s uo us ro on e re se n s e s uo u s co
l i b i d b ck l Ch ct
—
p o ne n t f o t po a o f it
r e - se x u a
p a ra er o s a
l i c i b tit ti f M th E th f th
— —
p ta n h o Th e re e su s u on o o er ar or e
A l i f i l b i g L d i g th t d i c y
f fi — l i t t —T h
p a re n t f n
so ot n a e or n ea n en o s ov er
A mp l Hi d l
i g ni fic c f t h m t h—I t t h f nct i t h m t i ng c l l
o re n i ex a e n n oo e r a u re e se x u a

—T h g i n w h i ch p —
s

e
an e o
re re ss o
e ou

d c d fi th gh b i g l ro
s o

u e
er u
re
on :

ro u
e a

or n a so
a

l b t d t h m t i g c l l T h b g i n i g f p ch
E mpl f m t h H i d —
e a o ra e e a n a e e n n s o s ee

S p c h d fi t h fi t f it
f l ibi d —
xa e ro e n oo ee an re e rs ru s
f m ti ti d d
bb y—T h f b i dd t h i g
o f t r a ns o r a on Th fi o p p o g e re - re ar a on re ar e

f b i dd im
l i t y f it p p —T h c
as or e n, as ro er e or en n o n an s

O n ni m c h t i g f
a s a ea n o s ex u a o s ur o se e e re
m i l fi p d ct i b t it t f t h p i b i l i ty f
i t i c g i n—
on a re - ro u on a su s u e or e o ss o
o n an s re Th re ss o t f m ti us f l ibi d a r an s o r a on o o
e nsue s .
Iii CO NTENTS
C H AP TER PA GE
IV —T H E U N C O N S C I O U S ORI G I N O F T H E H ER O
—T h
.

c i nt b ac k w a d
i f d
l ibid — T h ab n m al t h i d —
T he ause o f ro v e r s o n e o rw a r a nd r

T h c nfl i c t t d
bl m—
fl ow o f t h e o e or r e o ro o e

i c i bl m t h Mi Mil le s
i n— n fl ic t—
in t h e n e st p ro Th
’
t e e e rr e o er -
ss r

i nt An i nt n a l p d uc t
ro v e rs o

i i — It er
T h e u n i f m i t y f t h e u nc n c i u in
f h y p na co s ro o

a l l m n—
g g o ic n n
v s od p e m a o or o o s o s

T h e u nc n c i o u t h
e bj c t f a t u p yc h l g y
o s s e o e o r e s o o

T h e i n d i i d u a l t nd ncy w i t h it p d u ct i n
c u l t—
v e e f th h r s ro o o e e o

Th l g d a l
c i — i
f th e h e
e
ck
ov e or e f th
i y—u nc n
S uc h
ro or o ov or e o

A
—
s u
o s t u n n g b a t o trh e m t h e f h u m a n t o r o

i f b ly i i l i i Mi Mil l m n
it n f t h S ph i n —Th e i m p h i c p e nt at i n f t h e
re g n
re ss o ac t a a s w t h n m t v or s ss er s
’
e

o—
o
l i b i d T h i t n d ncy t
e

e r p e
x

nt f at h e an d m t h
—
r o

o re
or
r e se
re re s

er
o s

o
o

er

S i f M i ss
M i l l s m nt i n f t h A t c— A n a ly i f t h i fi g u —
T h e p h n ep n t t h
x r a f
re set h m t h s e e r o e o er

i g nifi c anc f t h h and y m b l i c a l ly—

er
’
e o o e T he
z e s s o s re

T h A t c a ub t i
Sp h i n —
s e o e s o e z e s s

—
t ut e f th or T h n am C h i w an t p l
e x he c n e e - -
o- e o

t i n f t h an al i i i
W and e i ng J ew —T h p a a l l l w i t h C h idh
n ec o o g n w et h n a t nre C h iw ant p l a nd
o ve er o o e

Ah a th
sv e r, e r e r e er
H e g n at i n g t h e m l ug h t h e i w n m th
A n l gy w i t h t h S u n—S t t i ng and i i ng un : M i t h a nd
e ro s e er th se v e s ro r o o e rs

H l i C h i t and P e t Dh ul q a n in and C h idh —

a o e e r s s r a

fi h ym b l —
e o s, r s

thi
e r, T he r e er
—
f m an—
s s T he tw oD ad p h s: th tw o T he o o re e o ev e s

m t a l an d i m m t a l p a t
or

p h al l i c
— or

ym b l i m C m p a i n f l i b i d w i t h p h a l l u
s o s
T h T i ni ty t ak n f m
o
r s o

r so o
e

o
r e ro

A n ly i f l i b i d ym b l i m a l w ay l ad b ack t t h
o
a s s

m t h e i nc e t T h e h e
r
o
—— o s

myt h t h m yt h o f o ur o w n su ffe r
s ro
o s

e
s e s o e

ing unc nsc i o u s F au st o .

S Y M B O L I S M OF T H E M O TH ER OF R E B I RT H
—
AN D
T h e ro w
the mo t h e r
c d
T h e m ot v e o f c o nt n uo us
ym b o l
my st e ry T h e c t y as sy m b o l o f
— as s
un o n T he
of

i
—E i
i
— i —
i
t y p c a l j o urne y o f t h e sun- h e ro x am p l e s A l o ng n g fo r i
i
re b rt h t h ro u g h t h e m o t h e r T h e c o m p u l s o n t o sy m b o l z e — i i
t h e m o t h e r as C t y, S e a, S o urc e , e t c i
T h e c t y as t e rr bl e — i i
m o t h e r a n d a s h o ly m o t h e r T h e re l at o n o f t h e w at e r — .

i
— i —
i
m o t v e t o r e b rth O f t h e t re e m o t v e
i — i
re e of l fe a
m o t h e r m ag e T h e b se x u al c h ar ac t e r o f t re e s S uc h sym
-
i
-
T
— i
d
b o l s t o b e un e rst o o d p syc h o l o g c a l ly, no t an at o m c a l ly i i
i nc d i a i m at b c m i n g a c h i l d ag a i n
t—
T he e st uo u s e s re s e o ,

t i nc ad i nc t by c at i ng myt h f ym b l i c
b i t h—
n t a
o It es ev es es re s o s o

re

b l o s T
Th
—
r

b
l i b i d p i i t u al i d t h ug h t h i u
b n f t h p i i t—T h i c m pu l i n t w a d
o
e

e or
f ym
o

o
s r

e s
ze

r
ro

s o
s

s o
se o

o
s

ym b l i m b i ng l a f f c b u n d u p in i nc t
T h i p c in C h i t i ni ty—
s o s r s a re e se o or es o es
s ro C h i t i ani t y w i t h it
e ss p r s a r s s re re s

si n m an i f t u l th n g ti a nc i nt
u a l c u l t—
o f th o e f th es se x a e e a ve o e e
se x Th u nc n c i u t an f m ti n f the i nc t o s o s r s or a o o e es
w i h i nt l ig i u ci d m d n n d
—A c n c i u m t h d n c y i n l i ng m l ut n my
s o ren t m t th
o s ex e r se oes o ee e o er ee

R p l c i ng b l i f by u n d t n d i n g—
o s o s e o e e s sa r ,
vo v o ra a o o
hi t y
e
—T h i f t h i d a f t h t i bl
a The f th
-
e e rs a e s or o e
sy m b l i m
k f t h i nc t w i h —
f t
T h my t h f O i i —
o s o re e s e r se o e e o e e rr e

l at d amp l s—
m th a m
—
o er as o R e es s e o s r s e

e ex T h e mot i e o f d u i ng
e T he C f v
“
ev o r ro ss o
 CO NTE N TS l iii

C H AP TE R
C h ri st :
—
d l if —
Li l i d i
PA GE
L i —
of e at h of t h : th e
—S k
t re e an d t re e e e v o ur ng
m o t h e r T h e am as T h e o n u e r ng o f t h e m o t h e r c q i
i c — f
na e
d i c i
—
a nd r a g o n : t h e r e s st a n e a g a nst n e st T h e at h e r re p
ci l
re s e n t s t h e a t v e re p u s e o f t h e n e st w sh o f t h e so n He i c i
f q ly b c
re u e nt e o m e s t h e m o nst e r t o b e o v e r o m e t h e h e ro c by
Mi ic c i fici i c i c i
— l ci
T he t h ra sa r ng o f t h e n e st w sh a n o v e r o m ng o f
A r e p a ng o f a r h a c ic i by
i —
th e moth e r o v e rp o w e r ng s ac

C h r st an e x p re ss o n o fc cifi d i i
r ifi c e o f t h e w sh

i
The
ci i —
ru e
Ot h e r ro ss sac rific e s C ro ss s m o c — y b l
i — ild
th s r e nu n at o n

i ific c Ch b
i — c i
an e o f in m o t h e r s w o m :
’
p o sse sse s s g n un o n
C o n e pt o n o f t h e so u a d e l
o r m an a nd m o t h e r in u n o n

i — i c ibi i
i d i i d l—
riv at iv e o f m o t h e r m ag o T h e p ow e r o f n e st p ro h t on
c d lf c ci c ci
re at e t h e se o ns o u s n v
— ua I t w as t h e oer on
-

to d
o m e st at o n ic i
T h e u rt h e r v s o ns o f ss f er ii Mi Mil l .

VI .
—T H E BA TT L E FO R D E L I V E R AN C E R M
F O TH E
M O TH ER
The ap p e ar an e c
h e ro C h iw ant o p e l o n h o rse b a
of t h e ck
H q i l iy d
—H
e ro and h o r se e u v a e n t o f h um an t and it s re pre sse
l i id
b o
n al ,
o rs e a

l ik
e t h e t re e
i c
b o s m o , p a rt
— li id y b l
ibi i —
I t re p re se nt s t h e
ph a , pa t
r m at e r
b o re p re sse t h ro ug h
c
ly
li id
l l ic ly
d
t he
—c
n e st p ro h t on T h e s e ne o f C h iw ant o p e l a nd t h e
I di
n an
y — lli
R e a ng C ass us and rut u s : a so e r u m o f
—M i
C rano I d e nt ifi c at io n of C ass us w t h h is m o t h e r H is in
i
i
B
i
l d li i
—
—
c—
fant il e di
sp o s t o n ss ii e r s h e ro a so
’
n ant e H er Mill l i f il
d—
ii
v s o ns a r se ro m a n i f
n ant e m o t h e r t r ans e r e n e i fH er il f
f y b li
—
h e ro t o d ie ro m a n a rro w w o un
l
T h e s m o sm o f t h e
c ci d i — d dly
a rro w T h e o ns aug h t o f u n o ns o u s e s re s T h e
ik f
ea
i i —
a rro w s st r e t h e h e ro
— i ki
ro m w t h n I r m e ans t h e st at e o f
i nt ro v e rs o n
T he d
i
A s n ng a

—
ang e r o f t h s re g re ss o n
nt o t h e w o r
i
of the
I t m ay m e an ann h at o n
h b ck i
i — — ld c ild
i il i
o r ne w e l if
E x am p e s o f nt ro v e rs o n T h e l a sh et w een i i cl b
t h e re t ro g re ss v e t e n e n i d cy
in t h e n v u a u n o ns o u s i di id l c ci
a nd t h e o ns o us c f
o rw a r ci
st r v ng - e nt ro v e rs o n d i i Wi l l d i i
T h e un u e f lfil l d c i fi c
sa r e in t h e e r p h ant as m e ans a n Mill y
t h ro ug h t h e d
c
at t e m p t t o re no un e t h e m o t h e r : t h e
e at h o f t h e o l d T h e h e ro
o n u est o f a ne w

ss er h e rse
e
— c q
Mi Mill
l if
lf .

VI I —
TH E D UAL M O T H E R R O LE
—
.

m o no l o g ue H is q ue st fo r t h e
C h iw ant o p e l
— who
—A
’
s o ne

u nd e rst an d s A q ue st fo r t h e m o t h e r l so fo r t h e l f e i
i —
c om p an o n T h e sex u a l e l em e nt in t h e w sh T h e b at t l’e i —
i d
fo r n d e p e n e nc e f ro m t h e m o t h e r I t s p e r l l ler s — i —M i M i
L
o ng f e l l o w s Hi
ss

An ana ly s s o f H aw at h a — i i
— i —
u se o f aw at h a
’

i
A t y p c al h e ro o f t h e l b d o T h e m r ac u l o us b rt h T h e i i i
i i
h e ro s b rt h sym b o l c b e c ause it is re a l ly a reb rt h f ro m i
—
’

T h e t w o f o l d m o t h e r w h c h in C h r st an i i i
t h e m o t h e r sp o u se
—
-

m yt h o l o g y b e c o m e s t w o f o l b rt h T h e h e ro h is ow n p ro d i
c re at o r —Vi i i
rg n c o nc e p t o n a m ask fo r nc e st u o u s m p re g na i i
i —i
H aw at h a s e arly l f e T h e d e nt fi c at o n o f m o t h e r — i i i i
— i
’
t on
i i
n at u re w t h t h e m o t h e r
i
T h e k l l ng o f a ro e b u ck a c o n
q ue r ng o f t h e p are nt s H e t ak e s o n t h e r st re ng t h H e — i —
g o e s f o rt h t o s l a y t h e f at h e r in o r d e r t o p o ss e ss t h e m o th e r
l iv CO NTE NTS
C H AP TE R PA GE
Mi nne h ah a, t h e mot h e r i nt i n—
—H i H i d i ng
aw a t h a s
’
ro v e rs o

l ly w mb
—
i th l p f n t m th
’
n e a o t
a u re t th re a a r e u rn o e o er s o

i t th p l i imp t c
—T h i
Th e g re re ss o n o th
e re se x u a re v v e s e o r an e
t iti gg l w i th t h m th
—
o f nu r on t e nne r s ru t e e o e r, o ov er

i Th i fi gh t g i t t h l g i g
b i g w t g t h—T h M d m i m t i
p ow er n d a m p g t h re na e er s a a ns e on n

m yt h —
f or th m th
e o er r n s ne s re n e on a n o ve
S i h f it f th c
l d pt h —
in th o er Th s th e av o r- t e ro e ru o e e n ra n e

l ibi d i t th p l m t Th i i
—
o f th e o n o e e r so n a a e rn a e s s s

b i H i w th gg l w i th th
c f m t h m th —
di nd b
’

—A w d l i
t o e, a g e o rn a t a n a a a s s ru e e
A d
—
fi h m
s t o ns e r ne e v e ran e ro e o er n
i i M M i c i
—
so g a w
a n t h g i g w n t h e g s so Th h o , m t e a an e e ro us
i i c q Th n f l l w h i
i g w i t h M i h h —O t h i c i d t h i d t h t h
a g an d an g a t h
a n m t h on uer e o er e o o s s

i t h w t—
m arr a e nn e a a er n e n s, s ea : e
i nk i g f t h Mi Mil l l mi d d
S i g f i d—A ly i
s n o e su n n e es ss er a so re n e
by C h iw t p l l ng i g f W g
S i g f i d m y t h—
’ ’
an o e s o n o a ne r s e r e na s s

o f th e e r eTh t g di g d g n e r e a su re - u ar n ra o

d g th d l g i g f t h m th
S ym b l i m f t h c —
Th
’
e ra on p e so n s re r e sse on n or e o er
ti f m t h m th th
c q i g f th d g —
o s o Th p
e av e e se ar a on ro e o e r, e
ym b l i m f t h
—D i nk i g f m t h m t h —C up f t h bl d f Ch i t
h e ro s
’
on ue r n Th o e ra on p e s o s o e cu

i n f m —P f
r n ro e o er o e oo o r s

l t nt myst i
m y t y—
Th e r e su a e r o us i t p
un o o an ro a ne n er re

f thi Th ph l l i c i g i fic c f t h
t ti
—
a o ns o s s er e a s n an e o e
k nt i g t h i t ti g l ibi d
—S lf p c t it Th
se r p n e e sn a
p e as re r e se n e n ro v e r n o

c ti f th w l d th gh i t
i —T h w l d t h f th l ibi d —
e -
ro re a on : or re a on o e or ro u n ro
ti
—
v e rs o n G e m
or us an e Th an a on o e o e

i lf p yc h lyt i c t t m nt f
h
re
e ro

g
h
i
m
r e ss o n — se p n t
T h h i dd n l i b i d t
Th
a

e
se r

ch d p c
e

e t
e

o g ou
s o an a

e u on
re a

a u se s a s ru
e o

fi fi i
g l e :
d
t h
i
t i
d
s a t h
— h , g h t
k
t
e h
i
g h t
e ro

B
w t h
i l
t
d
h
—
t
S i
s

f i d
e e re as u re

ym b l f h i w l i b i d —T h
g u ar g n g T rah w on g f eh a a en ng o ru n a e r e

fi d i g h i m th
n n s o er: a s o o s o n o e con

q ue s t f th o t i b l m t h b i ng t h l
e e rr e o nd erl if r s e ov e a e

g i i g m th
v n o er .

VIII —T H E SA CR I F I C E
—T h
.

Mi ss Mil l er s
’
V 1 s1 o n ag a n i e p ara ox a d ic l
st r v ng i i
of l i b i d aw ay f m t h m t h
the o d ro e o er t o w ar t h e mo th er
d t y i ng m t h b c m b n fi nt n b i ng c n
q u d—C h iw ant p l a h d —H h as
Th e e s ro o er e o es e e ce o e o

e re f w d n t d o e e ro o or s, o ee s e

n t t h at w i l l t l i w h i c h b e ak t h m ag i c c i cl e f th e
i nc t u u —H i i d nt i fic at i n w i t h t h ut h and h
o o ve r s e r o

—
es o s s e o e a o r, er
wi h f d u i ng f t h
l ib i d by t h m t h —S u a l i ty f t h u n n
s th p a
or n t Th nd i
e th re s e e s e ev o r o e
d ug h t
ym b l —I dl d am i ng t h m t h
’
a er s o e o er ex o e co
ci u m l y
f a f d t h—Th i d w nw a d p at h in t h p t y f H 6 ]
s o s e re a s f th o e re e o er o e

d l in—
e r o ea s o r e oe r o
f m l i t y t h i nt i n
l d i ng t d at h —T h n c i t y f f i ng l i b i d f a
er Th t n g m nte e s ra e e ro re a , e ro v e r s o

c m p l t d t i n t l i f —O t h w i b un d by u nc n c i u
ea o e e e e ss o re e o or

c m pu l i n : F t —S ubl i m t i n t h ug h l unt a y w k
o e e ev o o o e er se o o s o s

ifi —
o s o a e a o ro vo r or

C at i n f t h w l d t h ug h c m i c M n di
m th —
’
re o o e or ro os s ac r ce a s
c ld wh n h T h i nc t
—
th
o v e rs w e ifi
or th e e s ac r ces e o er e es
b i d c B u dd i ng u a l i ty
d w i ng t h i nd i i d u l f m t h f am i ly—
ar r e r th p asu f t h ug h t e ro er o o se x
ra e T h m i nd d w n
v a ro e e a s
at t h m m nt t h c h i l d b g i n t b
e o e f f t h m th
e e s o e re e o e o er
 T herefore t h e ory, w hic h g iv es t o fac t s t he ir v al ue a nd sig

ni icanc e ,
f is o ft e n v e ry use ul ,f ev enif it is par t ially false for it ,

t hro w s l ig h t on phe no m e na w hic h n o o ne b b serv e d it fo rc es an

,

e x am ina t io n, fr o m m any a ng l e s, o ffac t s w hic h no o ne had hit he rt o

st ud ie d, and it g iv es t he im pul se for m ore e x t e nde d and m ore pro
d uc t iv e re searc hes .

I t is
“
, t herefo r e, a m oral d u t y for t he m an of sc ie nc e to pose
ex

himse lf t o t he i k of c o mm it t ing e rr or and t o sub m it t o

r s c r it ic ism ,

in o rd er t hat sc ie n ce m ay c o n t in u e t o pr og r ess A w rit e r has .

a t t ac h e d t h e au t h o r for t h is v e ry se v ere l y, say ing , he r e is a sc ie n t i c fi

id eal v ery lim it e d p l t ry B
and v e ry
u t t h o se wah o ar e e
. nd o w e d
w it h a m ind suff i c ie nt l y se rious and im perso nal as no t t o b e l ie v e
t hat all t hat t h ey w r it e is t he ex pre ssio n of t ru t h ab so l u t e and

e t e r nal , app rov e o f t h is t he ory w hic h

pl ac e s t h e a im s of sc ie n c e w e l l
’
of t h e
‘
ab ov e t he m ise rab l e v anit y and pal t ry a m o ur pr opre

sc ie n t ist
”
—
G U G L I E L M O F ERR ERo
—895
. .

L e s L ois P sych ol og iques d a S y mb ol isme 1 . P reface, p . v iii .

 P ART I

I N T RO DU C T I O N

ANY who c an r e ad F r e ud s I nt e rp r e t at io n o f t h e
’
ONE

D r e am w ithout sc ie nt ifi c r e b e ll io n at t h e ne w ne ss and
”

app ar e n tly u nju st ifi e d d ar ing o f it s analyt ic al p r e s e nt a

t io n and w ithout mor al ind ign at io n at t h e a sto n ish ing

,

nud ity o f t h e dr e am int e rp r e t at io n and who c an allow

,

th is u nu su al arr ay o f facts to influ e nc e his m ind c almly

and w ithout p r e jud ic e w ill su r e ly b e d e e ply imp r e ss e d at
,

t h at pl ace wh e r e F r e u d c alls to m ind t h e f act th at

an in d iv idu al p sycholog ic co nfl ict n am e ly t h e I nc e st

, ,

P h ant asy is t he e ss e nt ial root o f th at pow e r ful anc ie nt

,

dr am at ic m at e r ial t he O e d ipu s l e g e n d T h e im p r e ss io n
, .

m ad e by th is s im pl e r e f e r e nc e m ay b e l ik e ne d to th at
wholly p e cul iar f e e l ing wh ich ar is e s in u s if fo r e x am pl e
, ,

in t he n o is e and tu m ult o f a m od e r n str e e t w e should

—
c o m e a cro ss an anc ie nt r e l ic t h e Cor inth ian c ap it al o f a
w all e d in colum n o r a fr agm e nt o f in s cr ipt io n Ju st a
-
,
.

mo m e nt ag o we w e r e g iv e n ov e r to t h e no isy e ph e m e r al
l ife o f t h e p r e s e nt wh e n so m e th ing v e ry far aw ay and
,
'

str ange app e ars to u s wh ich tur n s our att e nt io n to th ings

,

o f anoth e r ord e r ; a gl imps e aw ay fr om t h e incoh e r e nt

m ult ipl ic ity o f t h e p r e s e nt to a h igh e r coh e r e n c e in h is
to ry V e ry l ik e ly it would sudd e nly o ccu r to u s th at o n
.

th is spot wh e r e we no w run bus ily to and fro a s im il ar

l if e and a ct iv ity p r e v ail e d two thous and y e ars ag o in
4 PSY CH OLOGY OF THE U NC O N S C I O U S

som e wh at oth e r forms ; s im il ar p ass io ns mov e d m ank ind ,

and m an w as l ik e w is e co nv in c e d o f t h e u niqu e ne ss o f h is

e x ist e n c e
. I would l ik e n t h e im pr e ss io n wh ich t h e first
acqu aint an c e w ith t h e m o nu m e nts o f ant iqu ity so e as ily

l e av e s b e h ind to th at impr e ss io n wh ich F r e ud s r e f e r e n c e

’

i e e n a e —
to t h e O e d pu s l g d m k s fo r wh il e we are st ill e n
g ag e d w ith t h e co n fu s ing impr e ss io ns o f t he v ar iab il it y o f
t h e I nd iv idu al S oul sudd e nly th e r e is op e ne d a r e v e l at ion
,

o f t h e s impl e gr at s s o f t h e O e d ipus tr ag e dy th at
e ne —
ne v e r e xt ingu ish e d l ight o f t h e G r e c ian th e atr e

Th is br e adth o f outlook c arr ie s in its e l f som e th ing o f

r e v e l at io n F o r u s t he anc ie nt p sycholo g y h as lo ng s inc e
.
,

b e e n bur ie d am o ng t h e sh adows o f t he p ast ; in t he school

room o ne could s c arc e ly r e pr e ss a s c e pt ic al sm il e wh e n
o ne in d iscr e e tly r e cko ne d t h e comfort abl e m atro nly ag e

o f P e ne lop e and t h e ag e o f Jo c ast a and co m ic ally com

,

p ar e d t he r e sult o f t he r e cko ning w ith t h e tr agic e rot ic -

struggl e s in t he l e g e nd and dr am a W e did no t know at

.

th at t im e ( and wh o k nows e v e n tod ay ? ) th at t h e m oth e r

can b e t h e all co n su m ing p ass io n o f t h e so n wh ich p e r
-
,

h ap s u nd e rm ine s h is whol e l if e and tr ag ic ally d e stroys

it so th at no t e v e n t h e m agnitud e o f t h e O e d ipu s F at e
,

s e e ms o ne j ot ov e rdr awn R ar e and p atholog ic ally u nd e r

.

stood c as e s l ik e N ino n de L e nclo s and h e r so n lie too 1

far r e mov e d from most o f u s to g iv e a l iv ing impr e ss ion .

B ut wh e n w e follow t he p aths tr ac e d out by F r e ud w e ,

arr iv e at a r e cog ni t i o n o f t h e p r e s e n t e x ist e nc e o f su ch

p o ss ib il it ie s wh ich although th e y are too w e ak to e n

, ,

fo rc e inc e st are st ill str o ng e nough to c aus e d isturb anc e s

,

o f co n s id e r abl e m ag nitud e in t h e soul . T h e adm iss io n

 I N TRO D U CT I O N 5

o f such poss ib il it ie s to o ne s s e lf do e s not o ccu r w ithout a

’

gr e at bu rst o f m o r al r e vuls io n R e s ist anc e s ar is e wh ich

.

o nly too e as ily d az zl e t he int e ll e ct and through th at , , ,

m ak e k nowl e dg e o f s e lf impo ss ibl e Wh e ne v e r we su c .

c e e d how e v e r
, in str ipp ing f e e l ings from mo r e sc ie nt ifi c
,

k nowl e dg e th e n th at abys s wh ich s e p ar at e s ou r age from

,

t h e ant iqu e is br idg e d and w ith asto nish m e nt w e se e

, , ,

th at Oe d ipu s is st ill a l iv ing th ing fo r u s T h e im port anc e .

o f su ch an im pr e ss io n should no t b e und e rv alu e d W e .

are t aught by th is in s ight th at th e r e is an id e nt ity o f

e l e m e n t ary hu m an co n fl icts e x ist in g in d e p e n d e n t o f t im e

and pl ac e .Th at wh ich affe ct e d t h e G r e e ks w ith horro r

st ill r e m ains tru e but it is tru e fo r u s o nly wh e n we g iv e
,

ff —
up a v ain illu s io n th at we are d i e r e nt th at is to say ,

mo r e mor al th an t he anc ie nts W e o f t he pr e s e nt day

,
.

h av e ne arly su cc e e d e d in fo rg e tt ing th at an ind issolubl e

commo n bo nd b inds u s to t h e p e opl e o f ant iqu ity W ith .

th is truth a p at h is op e ne d to t he u nd e rst and ing o f t h e

an c ie n t m in d ; an u nd e rst an d in g wh ich so far h as not

e x ist e d and o n o ne s id e l e ads to an inn e r sy m p athy and

, , , , ,

o n t he oth e r s id e to an int e ll e ctu al co m pr e h e n s ion

,
.

Through bur ie d str at a o f t h e ind iv idu al soul we com e

ind ir e ctly into poss e ss io n o f t h e l iv ing m ind o f t h e an c ie nt
cultu r e and j ust p r e c is e ly through th at do w e w in th at
, ,
\

st abl e po int o f V ie w ou t s id e ou r o wn cultur e fro m wh ich , ,

fo r t he first t im e an obj e ct iv e u n d e rst and ing o f th e ir

,

m e ch anis m s would b e po ss ibl e At l e ast th at is t h e hop e

.

wh ich w e ge t from t h e r e d iscov e ry o f t he O e d ipu s

p robl e m .

T h e e nqu iry m ad e p oss ibl e by F r e u d s work h as al

’
6 P SY C H O L O G Y OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
r e ady r e sult e d fru itfully ; w e are ind e bt e d to th is st imul a
t io n fo r so m e b o ld at t ack s upo n t h e t e rr it ory o f t h e

h isto ry o f t h e hu m an m ind T h e r e are t he wo rks o f

.

Riklin ,
2
Abr ah am R ank M ae d e r Jo ne s —r e c e ntly
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6

S il b e re r h as j o in e d th e ir r anks w ith a b e aut iful inv e st ig a

t io n e n t it l e d P h ant as ie und M ythus ”
W e are in
.
7

d e bt e d to P fist e r fo r a co m p r e h e n s iv e work wh ic h
8

c annot b e ov e rlook e d h e r e and wh ich is o f m uch im po r

,

t an c e fo r Chr is t ian r e l ig iou s p sych o l o gy T h e l e ad ing .

purpos e o f th e s e w o rks is t h e u nlo ck ing o f h ist o r ic al

pr o bl e m s t hr o ugh t h e appl ic at io n o f psych o an alyt ic
knowl e dg e ; th at is to say kn o wl e dg e dr aw n fro m t h e
,

a ct iv ity o f t h e m o d e r n u n co n sc iou s m in d co n c e r ning s e

p
c ific h is t o r ic al m at e r ial .

I m u st r e f e r t h e r e ad e r e nt ir e ly to t h e sp e c ifi e d wo rks ,

in o rd e r t h at h e m ay g ain in for m at io n co n c e r nin g t h e

e x t e nt an d t h e k in d o f in s ight wh ich h as alr e a dy b e e n

obt aine d T h e e xpl an at io n s are in m any c as e s dub ious

.

in p ar t icul ars ; ne v e r t h e l e ss th is d e tr acts in n o w ay fro m

,

t h e tot al r e sult .I t would b e signific ant e nough if o nly

t h e far r e ach in g an alogy b e tw e e n t h e p sycholog ic st ru c
-

tur e o f t h e h ist o r ic al r e l ics an d t h e stru ctur e o f t h e r e c e nt

ind iv idu al p sycholog ic pr o du cts alo ne w e r e d e m o n str at e d .

Th is p r o o f is p o s sibl e o f at t ainm e nt fo r e v e ry int e ll ig e nt

p e r so n t hr o ugh t h e wo rk d o ne up t o t h is t im e Th e .

an alo gy p r e v ail s e sp e c ially in sy m bol is m as Rikl in R ank, , ,

M ae d e r and Ab r ah am h av e p o int e d o u t w ith illu m inat

,

in g e x am pl e s ; it is al so sh o w n in t h e in d iv idu al m e ch an
ism s o f u n c o n sc io u s work t h at is t o say in r e pr e ss ion
, ,

co nd e n sat io n e t c as Abr ah am e xpl ic it ly shows

, .
,
.
 C HA PT E R I

CO N CE RN I N G TH E TW O K I N DS OF
T H IN KING

I T is aw e ll know n fact th at o ne o f t h e pr inc ipl e s o f

-

an alyt ic p sycholo g y is th at t h e dr e am imag e s are to b e

und e rstood symbol ic ally ; th at is to say th at th e y are not ,

to b e t ak e n l it e r ally j ust as th e y are p r e s e nt e d in sl e e p ,

but th at b e h ind t h e m a h idd e n m e an ing h as to b e sur

m ise d I t is th is anc ie nt id e a o f a dr e am sy m bol ism wh ic h
.

h as ch all e nge d no t o nly cr it ic ism but in add it ion to th at

, , ,

t h e stro ng e st oppos it ion Th at dr e ams m ay b e full o f

.

im port and th e r e for e som e th ing to b e int e rpr e t e d is c e r

, , , ,

t ainly ne ith e r a str ang e no r an e xtr ao rd in ary id e a Th is .

h as b e e n fam il iar to m ank in d for thous ands o f y e ars and , ,

th e r e fo r e s e e m s mu ch l ik e a b anal truth T h e dr e am
, .

int e rpr e t at io ns o f t h e E gypt ians and Ch ald e ans and t he ,

story o f Jo s e p h who int e rpr e t e d P h ar aoh s dr e ams are ’

,

known to e v e ry o ne and t he dr e am book o f Art e m ido ru s

,

is also f am il iar F rom countl e ss inscr ib e d monum e nts o f

.

all t im e s and p e opl e s we l e arn o f for e bod ing dr e ams o f ,

s ignific ant o f proph e t ic and also o f cu r at iv e dr e am s

,

wh ich t h e D e ity s e nt to t he s ick sl e e p ing in t he t e mpl e

,
.

We know t he dr e am o f t he moth e r o f Au gustu s who ,

dr e amt she w as to b e w ith ch ild by t h e D e ity tr ans

form e d into a s nak e W e w ill no t h e ap up r e fe r e nc e s
.

and e x ampl e s to b e ar w it ne ss to t h e e x ist e nc e o f a b e l ie f

8
 C O N C ER N I N G TWO KINDS or T H INKI NG 9

in t he sym bol ism o f dr e ams Wh e n an id e a is so old .

,

and is so g e ne r ally b e l ie v e d it is p rob ably tru e in som e

,

w ay and in d e e d as is m ostly t h e c as e is no t lit e rally

, , , ,

t rue b u t is t rue psyc h o l o g ic ally

,
I n th is d ist inct ion l ie s
.

t h e r e aso n why t h e old fog ie s o f sc ie nc e h av e from t im e

to t im e throw n aw ay an inh e r it e d p ie c e o f anc ie nt truth

b e c au s e it w as no t l it e r al but p sycholog i c truth F o r such .

d iscr im inat io n th is typ e o f p e rso n h as at no t im e h ad any

compr e h e ns io n .

F rom ou r e xp e r ie nc e it is h ardly conc e iv abl e th at a

,

G od e x ist ing outs id e o f ou rs e lv e s c au s e s dr e ams o r th at ,

t h e dr e am e o ipso ,
fo r e s e e s t h e futu r e p roph e t ic ally
,
.

Wh e n we tr ansl at e th is into t h e p sychologic how e v e r , ,

th e n t he anc ie nt th e or ie s sound mu ch mor e r e conc il abl e ,

n am e ly t h e dre am arise s fro m a part of t h e m ind un

,

kno w n t o as, b ut no ne t h e l e ss impo r t ant , and is c o nce rne d

w it h t h e d es ire s f or t he appro ac hing d ay Th is p sycho
.

log ic fo rmul a d e r iv e d from t h e anc ie nt sup e rst it iou s con

ce p t io n o f dr e am s is so to sp e ak e x actly id e nt ifi e d
, , ,

w it h t h e F r e ud ian p sych o logy wh ich assu m e s a ris ,

ing w ish fro m t h e u n c o nsc iou s to b e t h e sourc e o f t he

dr e am .

As t h e old b e l ie f t e ach e s t h e D e ity o r t he D e mon ,

sp e aks in sy m bol ic sp e e ch to t h e sl e e p e r and t he dr e am ,

int e rp r e t e r h as t h e r iddl e to solv e I n mod e rn sp e e ch we .

say th is m e an s th at t h e dr e am is a se rie s o f im ag e s wh ic h ,

are ap par e nt ly c o n t r a dic t o ry a nd no ns e ns ic a l ,

h ut arise in
r e al ity fro m p syc h o l o g ic m a t e rial w hic h yie l ds a c l e ar

m e aning .

We r e I to suppos e among my r e ad e rs a far -

r e ach ing
IO PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
ignor anc e o f dr e am analys is , th e n I should b e obl ig e d to
illu str at e th is st at e m e nt w ith nu m e rou s e x ampl e s .

Tod ay how e v e r th e s e th ings are qu it e w e ll kn ow n so

, , ,

th at o n e m u st p ro c e e d c ar e fully w it h e v e ry d ay dr e am -

m at e r ial out o f c o ns id e r at io n fo r a publ ic e du c at e d in

,

th e s e m att e rs I t is a sp e c ial inc o nv e nie n c e t h at n o dr e am

.

c an b e r e cou nt e d w ithou t b e in g obl ig e d to add to it h al f

a l if e s h isto ry wh ich af ford s t h e ind iv idu al fou nd at ions

’

o f t h e dr e am but th e r e are so m e fe w typ ic al dr e am s

,

wh ich c an b e told w ithout to o gr e at a b all ast O ne o f .

th e s e is t h e dr e am o f t he s e xu al ass ault wh ich is e sp e c ially ,

p r e v al e nt amo ng wo m e n A g irl sl e e p ing a ft e r an e v e n

.

ing h app ily sp e nt in d an c ing dr e am s th at a robb e r b r e aks

,

op e n h e r doo r n o is ily and st ab s through h e r bo dy

w ith a l an c e Th is t h e m e wh ich e xpl ain s its e l f h as
m
.
, ,

cou ntl e s s v ar iat io ns so m e s i pl e so m e co m pl ic at e d

, , .

I nst e ad o f t he l an c e it is a swo rd a d agg e r a r e volv e r , , ,

a gun a c ann o n a hydr ant a w at e r in g pot ; or t h e as sault

, , ,

is a burgl a ry a pu rsu it a robb e ry o r it is so m e o n e

, , ,

h idd e n in t h e clo s e t o r u nd e r t h e b e d O r t h e d ang e r .

m ay b e illu str at e d by w ild an im als ; fo r in st an c e a ho rs e ,

wh ich throw s t h e dr e am e r t o t h e gr o u nd and k icks h e r in

t h e body w ith h is h ind fo o t ; l io n s t ig e rs e l e ph ants w ith
, ,

thr e at e ning tru nk s and fi n ally snak e s in e ndl e ss v ar ie ty

,
.

S o m e t im e s t h e snak e cr e e p s int o t he m o uth s o m e t im e s ,

it b it e s t h e b r e ast l ik e Cl e o p atr a s l e g e nd ary asp so m e

’
,

t im e s it c o m e s in t h e r o l e o f t h e p ar ad isic al s nak e o r in ,

t h e v a r iat io n s o f F r an z S t u ck who se p ictu r e s o f snak e s

,

” ”
b e ar t h e signifi c ant t it l e s V ic e “
S in , L u st T he
“
,
“
.

m ixtur e o f lu st and anx ie t y is e xpr e sse d in c o m p ar ably in

 C ON C ER N I N G TW O K I N D S OF T H I N K I N G I I

t he v e ry at m o sph e r e o f th e s e p ictur e s and far mor e ,

brut ally ind e e d t h an

, ,
in M o r ik e s ch ar m ing po e m ’
.

Th e M aid e n s F irs t ’
L o v e S o ng

W hat s in t he ne t
’
?

B e ho l d ,

B ut I m af aid
a r ,

Do Ig p w t
ras a s ee ee l,
Do I i n k
se z e a s ? a e

Lo v e is a b l in d
F ishe rw o m an ;
T e l l t he c h il d
Whe re t o se iz e .

A l re ad y it l e aps in m y h and s .

Oh , P it y ,
or d e l ight !
W it h n est l ing s and t u rn ing s

It c o il s o n b re ast my ,

I t b it es m e o h w o nd e r !
, ,

B o l d l y t h ro u gh t he sk in ,

I t d art s u n d e r m y he art .

O h, L ov e , I shudd e r !

What c an I do w hat c an I b e g in ? ,

Th at shu d d e ring t h ing ;

Th e re it c rac k l es w it hin
An d c o il s in a ring .

I t m ust b e p o iso ne d .

H e re it c raw l s arou nd .

B l issfu ll y I fe e l as it w o rm s
I t sel f in t o m y so ul
And k il l s m e fi nall y .

All th e s e th ings are s im pl e an d ne e d no e xpl anat io n ,

to b e int e ll ig ibl e S o m e wh at m o r e co m pl ic at e d b ut st ill

.
,
12 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
u nm ist ak abl e is t h e dr e am o f a w o m an ; sh e se e s t h e
,

tr iu m ph al a rch o f Co nst ant ine A c anno n st and s b e for e

.

it t o t h e r ight o f it a b ird to t h e l e ft a m an
, ,
A shot
.

fl ash e s o u t o f t h e tub e ; t h e p r o j e c t il e h it s h e r ; it go e s
into h e r pock e t into h e r purs e
, Th e r e it r e m ain s and
.
,

sh e holds h e r pu rs e as if so m e th in g v e ry p r e c io u s w e r e

in it . T h e im ag e d is app e ars and sh e co nt inu e s to se e

,

’
o nly t h e sto ck o f t he c anno n and ov e r th at Co nst ant ine s
mott o ,
I n ho c sign o v in c e s.

Th e s e fe w r e fe r e n c e s to t h e sy m bol ic n atur e o f dr e am s
are p e rh ap s su f fi c ie nt
. F o r who m s o e v e r t h e proo f m ay
app e ar in su f fi c ie n t and it is c e r t ainly in su ffi c ie nt fo r a
,

b e g inne r furth e r e v id e nc e m ay b e fo u n d in t he fu nd a
,

m e nt al work o f F r e ud an d in t h e works o f S t e ke l and

,

R ank wh ich are full e r in c e rt ain p art icul ars W e m ust .

a ssu m e h e r e th at t h e dr e am sy m bol is m is an e st abl ish e d

f act in ord e r to br ing t o our study a m in d su it ably p re

,

p ar e d for an appr e c iat io n o f th is work W e would n o t

.

b e su cc e s s ful if w e o n t h e co ntr ary w e r e to b e asto nish e d

, ,

at t h e id e a th at an int e ll e ctu al im ag e c an b e p roj e ct e d

into ou r co ns c iou s p sych ic act iv ity ; an im ag e wh ich ap

p a r e n t l y ob e ys suc -
h wholly oth e r l aws a n d pu rpos e s th an

thos e gov e r nin g t h e co n sc io u s p sych ic p roduct .

W hy are d re a m s sym b o lic ? E v e ry why in p sychol

o gy is d iv id e d into t w o s e p ar at e qu e s t io ns : fir st fo r w h a t
,

p u rp o s e a re d re a m s sy m b o lic ? W e w ill a n sw e r th is

qu e s t io n o nly t o ab an d o n it at o nc e Dr e am s are sym bol ic

.

in o rd e r th at th e y c an n o t b e u nd e rstood ; in o rd e r th at
t h e w ish wh ich is t h e sourc e o f t h e dr e am m ay r e m ain
, ,

unknown T h e qu e st io n why th is is so and not oth e rw is e

. ,
 C O N C ER N I N G TW O K I N D S OF T H I N K I N G 1 3

l e ads u s o ut into t he far r e ach in g e xp e r ie nc e s and tr ains

-

o f thought o f t h e F r e ud ian p sycholo gy .

H e r e t h e s e c o nd qu e st io n int e r e sts u s v iz H o w is it , .
,

t h a t dre a ms ar e sym b o l ic ? Th at is t o say fro m wh e r e ,

do e s th is c ap ac ity fo r sy m bol ic r e pr e s e nt at io n co m e o f ,

wh ich w e in our co nsc iou s d aily l ife c an d is cov e r ap

, ,

p a re n t l y n o tr a c e s ?
L e t u s e x am ine th is m o r e clos e ly C an w e r e ally dis .

cov e r n oth ing sym bol ic in o u r e v e ry day thought ? L e t -

u s follow ou r tr ains o f thought ; l e t u s t ak e an e x am pl e .

We th ink o f t he w ar o f 1 8 7 0 and 1 8 7 1 W e th ink about .

a s e r ie s o f bloody b attl e s t h e s ie g e o f S tr assbu rg B e l

, ,

fort P ar is t h e Tr e aty o f P e ac e t h e fou nd at io n o f t h e

, , ,

G e r m an E m p ir e and so o n How h av e w e b e e n th ink

,
.

ing ? W e st art w ith an id e a o r sup e r id e a as it is also

,
-

c all e d and w ithout th ink ing o f it but e ach t im e m e r e ly

, ,

gu id e d by a fe e l ing o f d ir e ct io n w e th ink about ind iv idu al

,

r e m inisc e n c e s o f t he w ar I n th is w e c an find noth ing

.

symbol ic and ou r whol e co nsc iou s th ink ing p ro c e e ds ac

,

cord ing to th is typ e .

1

I f w e obs e rv e ou r th ink ing v e ry n a rrowly and follow ,

an int e n s iv e tr ain o f th o ught as fo r e x am pl e t h e solu

, , ,

t io n o f a d iffi cult probl e m th e n sudd e nly w e not ic e th at

,

we are th ink ing in words th at in wholly int e n s iv e th ink

,

ing w e b e g in to sp e ak to ours e lv e s o r th at w e occ as io nally

,

wr it e dow n t h e p robl e m o r m ak e a dr aw ing o f it so as to

,

b e absolut e ly cl e ar I t m u st c e rt ainly h av e h app e ne d

.

to any o ne who h as l iv e d for so m e t im e in a for e ig n

cou ntry th at a ft e r a c e rt ain p e r iod h e h as b e gu n to th ink
,

in t h e l angu age o f t h e cou nt ry A v e ry int e n s iv e tr ain

.
I 4 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E U N C O N S C I O US
o f th ink ing works its e lf out m or e o r l e ss in w o rd f o rm ;
th at is if o ne w ants to e xpr e ss it to t e ach it o r t o co n
, , ,

V inc e any o ne o f it E v id e nt ly it d ir e c t s its e l f wholly t o

.

t h e outs id e w o rld T o t h is e x t e nt t h is d ir e ct e d o r log ic al

.
,

th ink ing is a r e al ity th ink ing h av ing a r e al e x is t e n c e fo r ,

2

u s ; th at is to say a th ink ing wh ich adju sts it se l f to actu al

,

co nd it io n s wh e r e w e e xp r e s se d in o t h e r words im it at e
,
3
, ,

t h e su cc e ss io n o f obj e ct iv e ly r e al th ings so th at t h e ,

im ag e s in ou r m in d follow a ft e r e ach o t h e r in t h e s am e
str ic t ly c aus al succ e ss io n as t h e h istor ic al e v e nts outs id e
o f ou r m ind .
4

W e c all th is th ink ing th ink ing w ith d ir e ct e d att e nt io n

,
.

I t h as in add it io n t h e p e cul iar ity th at o ne is t ir e d by it

, , ,

an d th at o n th is a ccou nt it is se t int o a ct io n o nly fo r a

, ,

t im e . O u r whol e v it al acco m pl ish m e nt wh ich is so e x ,

p e ns iv e is ad apt at io n to e nv iro nm e nt ; a p art o f it is t h e

,

d ir e ct e d th ink ing wh ich b iolog ic ally e xpr e ss e d is noth

, , ,

ing but a p roc e s s o f psych ic a ss im il at io n wh ich as I n , ,

e v e ry v it al a cco m pl ishm e nt l e av e s b e h ind a co rr e sp o n d ,

ing e xh au st io n .

T h e m at e r ial w ith wh ich w e th ink is l ang uag e a nd

spe e c h c o nce p t a th in g wh ich h as b e e n u s e d fro m t im e
,

im m e m or ial as so m e th ing e x t e r nal a b r idg e fo r thought , ,

and wh ich h as a s i gl e pu rpo s e

n — th at o f co m m u nic at io n .

As lo ng as w e th ink dire ct e dly w e th ink fo r oth e rs and ,

sp e ak to oth e rs .
5

S p e e ch is or ig inally a syst e m o f e mot io nal and im it a

—
t iv e sou nds sou nds wh ich e xpr e ss t e rro r fe ar ang e r , , ,

lov e ; and sou nd s wh ich im it at e t h e no ise s o f t h e e l e m e nts ,

t h e ru sh ing and gurgl ing o f w at e r t h e roll ing o f thu nd e r , ,

1 6 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
th at k ill e d t h e b e ar th at a storm w as appro ach
w e h ad ,

ing or th at wolv e s w e r e prowl ing arou n d t h e c am p

,
A .

str ik ing p ar adox o f Ab el ard s wh ich e xp r e ss e s in a v e ry ’

intu it iv e w ay t he whol e hum an l im it at io n o f ou r compl i

c at e d th ink in g proc e ss r e ads S e r m o g e ne ra t ur a b
, ,

int e l l e c t u et g e ne r a t int e l l e c t um .

Any syst e m o f ph ilo sophy m att e r how ab str act ,

no ,

r e p r e s e nts in m e ans and pu rp o s e noth ing m or e th an an

e xtr e m e ly cl e v e rly d e v e lop e d comb inat io n o f o r ig inal
n atur e sou nds H e n c e ar is e s t h e d e s ir e o f a S chop e n
.
8

h au e r o r a N ie tzsch e fo r r e cognit io n and u nd e rst an d ing ,

and t h e d e sp air an d b itt e r ne s s o f th e ir lo ne l ine ss O ne .

m ight e xp e ct p e rh ap s th at a m an full o f g e niu s could

, ,

p as t ur e in t h e gr e at ne s s o f his o wn thoughts and re ,

n ou n c e t h e ch e ap approb at io n o f t h e crowd wh ich h e

d e sp is e s ; ye t h e su ccu m b s to t h e mo r e pow e r ful im pul se

o f t he h e rd inst inct H is s e arch ing and his fi nd ing h is
.
,

c all b e lo ng to t h e h e rd
, .

Wh e n I s aid j ust no w th at d ir e ct e d th ink ing is p rop e rly

a th ink in g w ith wo rds and quot e d th at cl e v e r t e st imo ny
,

o f A n atol e F r an c e as dr a st ic p ro o f o f it a m isunde r ,

st and ing m ight e as ily ar is e n am e ly th at d ir e ct e d th ink ing

, ,

is r e ally o nly word Th at c e rt ainly would go too far

. .

L angu ag e should how e v e r b e co m pr e h e nd e d in a w id e r

, ,

s e n s e th an th at o f sp e e ch wh ich is in its e l f o nly t he e x

,

p r e ss io n o f t h e for m ul at e d though t wh ich is c ap abl e o f

b e ing co m mu nic at e d in t h e w id e s t s e n s e O th e rw is e t h e .
,

d e af m ut e would b e l im it e d to t h e ut m ost in h is c ap ac it y
for th ink ing wh ich is no t t h e c as e in r e al ity W it hout
,
.

S p c h i g n t d b y t h i nt l l c t d in t u n g n t i nt l l ct
ee s e e ra e e e e an r e e ra e s e e .
 C O N C ER N I N G T W O K I N D S O F T H I N K I N G 1 7

any k nowl e dg e o f t he spok e n wo rd h e h as his ,

l angu ag e ”
Th is l angu ag e co ns id e r e d fro m t he st and
.
,

p o int o f h isto ry o r in oth e r wo rds d ir e ct e d th ink ing

, , ,

is h e r e a d e sc e nd ant o f t he p r im it iv e words as for in , ,

st anc e Wu ndt e xpr e ss e s it

,
9
.

A fu rt he r im po rt ant re su l t o f t h at c o o pe rat io n o f so und and -

sig n int e rc hang e c o nsist s in t he fac t t h at v e ry m any w o rd s g rad u

all y l o se al t o g e t h e r t h e ir o rig in al c o nc re t e t h o u gh t m e aning , and

t u rn int o sig ns fo r g e ne ral id e as and fo r t he e x p re ssio n o f t he

appe rc e p t iv e func t io ns o f re l at io n and c o m p ariso n and t he ir
p ro d u c t s . I n t his m anne r b
a st rac t t ho ugh t d ev e l o p s , b ec ause
w h ic h ,
it w o u ld no tb e possib l e w it ho u t t he c h ang e o f m e an ing l y ing at

t he roo t o f it , is in d ee d a p ro d u c t io n o f t h at p sy c h ic and psy c ho

p hy sic al rec ip ro c a l ac t ion ou t o f w h ic h t he d e v e l o p m e nt o f l angu age
k
t a es p ac e l .
”

Jodl d e nie s t he id e ntity o f l angu ag e and thought

1 °
,

b e c aus e fo r o ne r e ason o ne and t h e s am e p sych ic f act

, ,

m ight b e e xpr e ss e d in d iffe r e nt l angu ag e s in d iffe r e nt

w ays F rom th at h e dr aws t h e co nclu s io n th at a sup e r
.

l an gu ag e th ink ing e x ists C e rt ainly th e r e is such a th ing .

,

wh e th e r w ith E rdm ann o ne co ns id e rs it hyp o l o gisch ,

o r w ith Jodl as sup e r l angu age O nly th is is no t -

.

log ic al th ink ing M y co nc e pt io n o f it agr e e s w ith t h e

.

n ot e worthy co ntr ibut io n m ad e by B aldw in wh ich I w ill ,

quot e h e r e word fo r word .

T he t ransm issio n fro m p re j u d g m e n t al t o j u d gm e nt al m e an

-

ing is j u st t h at fro m k no w l e d g e w h ic h h as so c ial c o n fi rm at io n

t o t h at w h ic h g e t s al o ng w it ho u t it . T he m e anings u t il iz e d fo r
j u d gm e nt are t h o se al re a d y d ev e l o p e d in t he ir p re su pp o sit io ns
and app l ic at io ns t h ro u g h t he con fi rm at io n o f so c ia l in t e rc o u rse .

Thus , t h e p e rso nal j u d g m e nt , t raine d in t he m e t ho d s o f so c ia l

I 8 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
re n de rl ng , an d d isc ip l ine d b y t he int e rac t io n o f it s so c ial w o rl d ,
j
p ro ec t s it s c o n t e nt in t o t h at w o rl d ag ain . In o t he r w o rd s, t he

p l at fo rm fo r al l m o v e m e nt int o t h e asse rt io n o f in d iv id u al j u d g
me nt —th e l ev e l fro m w h ic h n e w e x p e rie nc e is u t il iz e d —is al re ad y
y
an d al w a s so c ial iz e d; an d it is j u st t h is m o v e m e nt t h at w e fi nd
l ec t e
re f d in t h e ac t u al re su l t s as t h e se n se o f t he ap p ro p riat e ne ss

o r syno m ic c h arac t er o f t h e m e an ing re n d e re d .

N ow t he d ev e l o p m e nt o f t h o u gh t , as we are t o se e in m o re
d e t ail ,
is b y a m e t ho d e sse nt iall y o f t rial and e rro r, o f e x p e ri

m e nt at io n , o f t he u se o f m e aning s as w o rt h m o re t h an t he y are as

y e t rec o g n iz e d to b e w o rt h . T h e in d iv id u al m u st u se h is ow n

t ho u gh t s, h is e st a b l ish e d k now l e d g es h is g ro u nd e d j u d g m e nt s, fo r
,

t he em b o d im e nt of h is ne w inv e n t iv e c o nst ru c t io ns H e e re c t s
—in
.

h is t ho u gh t as we say
‘
sc h e m at ic all y l o g ic t e rm s,
‘

p ro b
l e m at ic al l y,
’
con d it io nall y , d isj u nc t iv e l y ; p ro j e c t ing int o t he

w o rl d an o p in io n st ill p e c u l iar t o h im se l f, as if it w e re t ru e . T h us
a ll disc ov e ry pro c e e ds B u t t h is is, fro m t he l ing u ist ic p o int o f
.

V ie w , st ill t o u se t h e c u rre n t l ang u ag e , st ill t o w o rk b y m e an ing s

al re a dy em b o d ie d in so c ial and c o nv e n t io n al u sag e .

“
L angu ag e g row s, t h e re fo re , j ust as t h o u gh t d o e s b y nev e r
,

l osing it s syno m ic or d u al f
re e re nc e ; it s m e an ing is b o t h pe rso nal
and so c ial .

I t is t h e re g ist e r o f t ra d it io n t he ,
re c o r d o f rac ial q
c o n u est ,

t he d ep o sit o f all t h e g ains m ad e b y t he ge niu s of ind iv id u al s

T he so c ial c o p y sy st e m
-
t hu s , e st a b l ishe d , re flec t s t he

j u d gm e nt al p ro c e sse s of t he race , an d in t u rn b e c o m es t he

t rain ing sc ho o l of t he j u d gm e n t o f new g e n e rat io n s .

“
M o st of t he t rain ing of t he se lf, w h e re b y t h e v ag arie s of

p e rso n al re ac t io n to fac t and im ag e are re d uc e d t o t he b asis o f

so u n d j u d gm e nt c o m es t h ro ugh t h e ,
f sp e ec h
u se o Wh e n t he .

c h il d sp e ak s h e l ay s b e fo re t h e w o rl d
,
his su gg est io n fo r a g e ne ral
o r c om m o n m e aning . T he re c e p t io n h e g e t s c o nfi rm s o r re fu t e s
h im . In e it h e r c ase h e is inst ru c t e d . H is nex t v e nt u re is no w
fro m a pl at fo rm of k no w l e d ge on w h ic h t h e ne w e r it e m is m o re
n e arl y c o nv e rt i ble int o t h e c o mm o n c o in o f e ffec t iv e int e rc o u rse .

T h e p o in t t o no t ic e h e re is no t so m uch t h e e x ac t m e c h an ism o f
t h e e x c h ang e — se c o n d ary c o nv e rsio n
—by w h ic h t h is g ain is m ad e ,
 C O N C ER N I N G TW O K I N D S OF T H I NK I N G 1 9

as t he j u d gm e nt t h at t h e c o nst ant u se o f it affo rd s

t rain ing in .

I n e ac h c ase e ffe c t iv e j u d gm e nt is t h e co m m o n j u d gm e nt
, .

“
H e re t he o bj e c t is t o po int o u t t h at it is se cu re d b y t h e
d ev e l o pm e nt o f a func t io n w h ose r ise is d ire c t ly ad h o c d ire c t l y ,

fo r t he so c ial e x p e rim e nt at io n b y w h ic h g ro w t h in p e rso nal c o m

p e t e c e is ad v anc e d as w e ll
n — t h e fu n c t io n o f spe e c h .

I n l ang u ag e ,
“
t he re fo re , t o su m u p t h e fo re go ing , w e h av e t he
t ang i ble —t h e ac t u a —
l th e h ist o ric a —
l in t s ru m e n t o f t he d ev e l o p
m e nt and c o nse rv at io n of ps y c hic m e aning . I t is t he m at e rial
d
e v i e nc e and p ro o f o f t h e c o n c u rre n c e o f so c ial pe rso nal j udg
a nd

m ent . I n it syno m ic m e an ing , j u d ge d as ap p ro p riat e ,

’
b e c o m es
”
so c ia l ’
m e aning , he l d as soc iall y g e ne ral iz e d and ac k now l e d ge d .

Th e s e argum e nts o f B aldw in abu nd antly e m ph as iz e

t h e w id e r e ach ing l im it at io n s o f th ink in g c au s e d by
-

l angu ag e Th e s e l im it at io n s are o f t h e gr e at e st signifi

.
1 2

c an c e both subj e ct iv e ly and obj e ct iv e ly ; at l e ast th e ir

,

m e an ing is gr e at e n ough to fo rc e o n e to ask o ne s s e l f if

’
,

a ft e r al l in r e g ard to ind e p e n d e n c e o f thought F r an z

, ,

M auth ne r thoroughly sc e pt ic al is no t r e ally co rr e ct in

, ,

h is v ie w th at th ink ing is sp e e ch and noth ing m or e .

B aldw in e xpr e ss e s h im s e l f m or e c aut iou sly and re se rv

e dly ; ne v e rth e l e ss h is inne r m e anin g is pl ainly in favo r
,

o f t h e p r im acy o f sp e e ch ( n atur ally n o t in t h e s e n s e o f

t h e spok e n w o rd ) t h e d ir e ct e d th ink in g or as w e m ight ,

p e rh ap s c all it t he th ink ing in int e r nal sp e e ch is t h e

, ,

m anif e st in stru m e nt o f cultu r e and w e do no t go astr ay ,

.

wh e n w e say th at t h e pow e r ful wo rk o f e du c at io n wh ich

t h e c e ntur ie s h av e g iv e n to d ir e ct e d th ink ing h as p ro

duc e d ju st through t h e p e cul iar d e v e lop m e nt o f th ink ing

,

fro m t h e ind iv idu al subj e ct iv e into t h e soc ial obj e ct iv e a ,

pr act ic al appl ic at io n o f t h e hu m an m ind to wh ich w e o we

20 PSY C H OLOG Y OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
m od e r n p ir ic is m and t e ch nic and wh ich occu rs fo r ab
em ,

so l u t e l y t h e fi r st t im e in t h e h ist o ry o f t h e w o rld. I nqu is i

t iv e m inds h av e o ft e n t or m e nt e d t h e m s e lv e s w ith t h e
qu e s t io n why t h e u ndoubt e dly e xtr ao rd in ary kn owl e dg e
of m at h e m at ics an d p r in c ipl e s and m at e r ial fac t s
u nit e d w ith t h e u ne x am pl e d art o f t he hu m an h and in
ant iqu it y ne v e r a rr iv e d at t h e p o int o f d e v e l o p ing thos e
‘

know n t e ch nic al st at e m e nts o f f act fo r in st an c e t h e

, ,

p r inc ipl e s o f s im pl e m ach ine s b e yo nd t h e r e al m o f t he

,

am u sing and cur iou s to a r e al t e ch nic in t h e m od e r n s e n s e .

Th e r e is ne c e ss ar ily o nly o ne an sw e r t o th is ; t h e an c ie nts

al m ost e nt ir e ly w it h t h e e x c e pt io n o f a fe w e x t r ao rd ina ry
,

m in ds l ack e d t h e c ap ac ity to allow th e ir int e r e st t o

,

fo ll o w t h e tr an s fo r m at io n s o f inanim at e m at t e r to t h e
e xt e nt n e c e ss ary fo r th e m to b e abl e to r e p rodu c e t h e

p ro c e ss o f n atu r e cr e at iv e ly and through th e ir o wn art

, ,

by m e an s o f wh ich alo ne th e y could h av e succ e e d e d in

put t ing th e m s e lv e s in p oss e s sio n o f t h e fo rc e o f n atu r e .

Th at wh ich t h e y l ack e d w as tr aining in d ir e ct e d th ink ing ,

o r to e xpr e ss it p sycho analy t ic ally t h e an c ie nts did no t

, ,

su cc e e d in t e ar ing loo se t h e l ib ido wh ich m ight b e sub l i

m at e d fro m t h e oth e r n atur al r e l at io n s and d id n o t
, ,

tu r n volu nt ar ily to anthropo m orph is m T h e s e cr e t o f

.

t h e d e v e lop m e nt o f cultur e l ie s in t h e m o b ility o f t h e

l ib id o an d in it s c ap ac ity fo r tr ans f e r e nc e
,
. I t is th e r e
,

for e to b e assu m e d t h at t h e d ir e ct e d th ink ing o f ou r t im e

,

is a m or e o r l e ss m od e r n a cqu is it ion wh ich w as l ack ing

,

in e arl ie r t im e s .

B ut w it h t h at w e co m e to a furth e r qu e st io n v iz wh at
, .
,

h app e ns if w e do no t th ink dire ct e dly ? Th e n o u r th ink ing

 C O N C ER N I N G TW O K I N D S OF T H I N K I N G 21

l ack s t he m aj o r id e a, and t he
f e e l ing o f d ir e c t io n wh ich
e m anat e s fro m th at W e no lo ng e r comp e l ou r
.
1 3

thoughts alo ng a d e fi nit e tr ack b ut l e t th e m fl o at s ink , ,

and m ou n t a ccord in g to th e ir o wn gr av ity Acco rd ing .

to Kulpe th ink ing is a k ind o f inne r w ill act io n t h e

14
,

abs e n c e o f wh ich n e c e ss ar ily l e ads to an autom at ic pl ay

o f id e as J am e s u n d e rst ands t h e no n d ir e ct e d th ink ing

.
~

o r m e r e ly asso c iat iv e t h ink ing as t he o rd inary o ne ,

.

H e e xpr e ss e s h ims e l f about th at in t h e follow ing

m anne r

O u r t ho u g h t c o nsist s fo r t he g re at p art o f a se ries o f im age s,

o ne o f w h ic h p ro d uc e s t h e o t he r ; a sor t of passiv e d re am st at e o f -

w h ic h t h e hig he r a n im al s are a l so c apa b l e . T h is so rt of t h in k ing

l e ad s, nev e rt he l e ss, t o re aso na ble c o nc l u sio ns o f a p rac t ic a l as w e ll
as o f a t heo re t ic al nat u re .

As l ink s of t his so rt of irrespo nsib l e t h in k ing

“
a l
ru e , t he ,

w hic h are d
ac c i e n t al l y b ou nd t o g e t her, are e m p iric al ly c o nc re t e

t hing s, no t a st rac t io ns b .

We follow ing m anne r co m pl e t e th e s e de fi

c an , in t h e ,

nit io ns o f W ill iam J am e s Th is s ort o f th ink ing do e s

.

no t t ir e u s ; it qu ickly l e ads u s aw ay fro m r e al ity I nto

ph ant as ie s o f t he p ast and futu r e H e r e th ink ing in t h e .

,

form o f sp e e ch c e as e s im ag e crowds up o n im ag e f e e l
, ,

ing up o n fe e l ing ; m or e an d mo r e cl e arly o n e s e e s a

t e n d e ncy wh ich cr e at e s and m ak e s b e l ie v e n o t as it truly ,

”
is but as o ne in d e e d m ight w ish it to b e
, Th e m at e r ial .

o f th e s e thoughts wh ich tur n s aw ay fr o m r e al ity c an ,

n atur ally b e o n ly t h e p ast w ith it s thou s an d m e m o ry p ic

tu r e s T h e cust omary sp e e ch c all s th is k ind o f th ink ing

.

“
dr e aming .
22 P SY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
Wh o e v e r att e nt iv e ly obs e rv e s h im s e lf w ill find t he
g e ne r al cu sto m o f sp e e ch v e ry str ik ing fo r al m o st e v e ry ,

d ay w e c an se e fo r o ur se lv e s h o w wh e n f all ing asl e e p , ,

ph ant asie s are wov e n int o our dr e ams so th at b e tw e e n ,

t h e dr e am s o f d ay and night th e r e is n o t s o gr e at a

d iffe r e n c e Thu s w e h av e two fo rms o f th ink ing

.

d ir e c t e d t h inking an d d r e am or p h a n t asy t h inking . T he

fi r st work in g fo r co m m u nic at io n w ith sp e e ch e l e m e nts
, ,

is troubl e s o m e and e xh au st in g ; t h e l att e r o n t he co ntr ary , ,

g o e s o n w ith o ut tr o ubl e wo rk ing sp o nt ane ou sly so to

, ,

sp e ak w it h r e m in isc e n c e s
, T h e fi rst cr e at e s inn ov at io n s
.
,

a d apt at io n s im it at e s r e al ity an d s e e ks to ac t up o n it
, .

T h e l att e r o n t he co ntr ary tu r n s aw ay fro m r e al ity s e ts

, , ,

fr e e subj e ct iv e w ish e s and is in r e g ard to ad apt at io n, ,

wholly u nprodu ct ive .

L e t u s l e av e as id e t h e qu e ry as to why w e p oss e s s th e s e
two d iffe r e nt w ays o f th ink ing and tur n b ack to t h e ,

s e co nd p ropos it io n n am e ly how co m e s it th at w e h av e
, ,

two d iffe r e nt w ays o f th ink ing ? I h av e int im at e d abov e

th at h istory shows u s th at d ir e ct e d th ink ing w as n o t
alw ays as d e v e lop e d as it is at p r e s e nt I n t h is ag e t h e .

m ost b e aut iful e xp re ss io n o f d ir e ct e d th ink ing is sc ie n c e ,

an d t h e t e ch nic fo st e r e d by it B o t h th ing s are ind e bt e d

.

fo r t h e ir e x ist e n c e s im ply to an e n e rg e t ic e du c at io n in
d ir e c t e d th ink in g At t h e t im e h o w e v e r wh e n a fe w
.
, ,

fo r e ru nne rs o f t h e pr e s e nt cul t u r e l ik e t h e po e t P e tr arch

, ,

fi r st b e g an t o appr e c iat e N atu r e u nd e r st and ingly t h e r e 1 "

w as alr e ady in e x is t e n c e an e qu iv al e nt fo r ou r s c ie n c e t o ,

w it schol ast ic is m
,
Th is t o o k it s o bj e c t s fro m t h e ph an
.
1 8

t asie s o f t h e p ast an d it g aVe t o t h e m ind a d ial e ct ic

,
24 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E U N C O N S C I O US
sine qua no n of t he mod e r n s c ie nt ific and t e ch nic al
sp ir it .

S hould w e go furth e r b ack into h istory w e sh all find ,

th at wh ich tod ay w e c all s c ie n c e d issolv e d into an ind is

,

t inct clou d T h e m od e r n cul t u r e cr e at in g m ind is ince s

.
-

san t l y o ccup ie d in str ipp in g o f f al l subj e ct iv ity fro m e x

p e r ie n ce ,a n d in fi n d in g tho se fo r m ul a s wh ich b r in g
N atu r e and h e r forc e s to t h e b e st and m o st fitt ing e xpr e s
s io n I t would b e an ab surd and e nt ir e ly u njust ifi e d s e lf
.

g l o r ifi c at io n if w e w e r e to a ssum e t h at w e a r e mo r e

e ne rg e t ic o r mor e int e ll ig e nt th an t h e anc ie nts ou r —

m at e r ials fo r k nowl e dg e h av e in cr e as e d but n o t ou r in ,

t e ll e c t u al c ap ac ity F o r th is r e aso n w e b e com e im m e

.
,

d iat e ly as ob st in at e and in su sc e pt ibl e in r e g ard to ne w

id e a s as p e opl e in t h e d ark e st t im e s o f ant iqu ity Ou r .

k nowl e dg e h as incr e as e d but n o t ou r w isdo m T h e m ain .

p o int o f ou r int e r e st is d ispl ac e d wholly into m at e r ial

r e al ity ; ant iqu ity p r e fe rr e d a m o d e o f thought wh ich w as
m o r e clo s e ly r e l at e d t o a ph ant ast ic typ e E xc e pt fo r a
.

s e ns it iv e p e rsp icu ity tow ards works o f art no t att aine d ,

s in c e th e n w e s e ek in v ain in ant iqu ity fo r th at p r e c is e

,

and co n cr e t e m an ne r o f th ink in g ch ar act e r ist ic o f m od e rn

sc ie nc e W e se e t h e ant iqu e sp ir it cr e at e no t sc ie n c e but

.

m y t holo gy U n fo r t u n at e ly w e acqu ir e in s ch o o l o nly

.
,

a v e ry p altry co n c e pt io n o f t h e r ich ne ss an d imm e n s e

p ow e r o f l ife o f G r e c ia n m yth o lo gy .

Th e r e fo r e at fi rst gl anc e it do e s no t s e e m poss ibl e for

, ,

u s to assu m e th at th at e ne r gy and int e r e st wh ich tod ay

w e put into sc ie n c e and t e ch nic t h e m an o f ant iqu it y g av e
,

in gr e at p art to h is m ytholo gy Th at ne v e rth e l e ss g iv e s

.
, ,
 C O N C ER N I N G TW O K I N D S O F TH I NK I NG 25

t he e xpl an at io n fo r t h e b e w ild e r ing ch ang e s t h e kal e ido ,

s cop ic tr an s fo r m at io ns and n e w sy n cr e t ist ic group in gs ,

and t h e c o nt inu e d r e j uv e n at io n o f t h e m yths in t h e

G r e c ian sph e r e o f cultu r e H e r e w e m ov e in a wo rld
.
,
‘

o f ph ant as ie s wh ich l ittl e c o n c e r ne d w ith t h e out e r

, ,

cou rs e o f th ing s fl ows from an inne r sourc e and c o n

, , ,

st ant l y ch ang ing cr e at e s no w pl ast ic no w sh adowy

, ,

sh ap e s Th is ph ant ast ic al act iv ity o f t h e anc ie nt m ind

.

cr e at e d art ist ic ally par e x c e l l e nc e T h e obj e ct o f t h e in

.

t e re st do e s n o t s e e m to h av e b e e n to gr asp h o ld o f t h e

how o f t h e r e al world as obj e ct iv e ly and e x actly as

p o ss ibly but to wst h e t ically ad apt subj e ct iv e ph ant as ie s
,

an d e xp e ct at io n s Th e r e w as v e ry l ittl e pl ac e am o ng
.

an c ie n t p e opl e fo r t h e c o ld ne s s and d is illu sio n wh ich

G iord ano B ru no s thoughts o n e t e r nity and K e pl e r s dis
’ ’

c o v e rie s b rought to m od e r n hum anity T h e n ai v e m an

.

o f ant iqu ity saw in t he sun t h e gr e at F ath e r o f t h e h e av e n

an d t h e e arth an d in t h e m oo n t h e fru itful good M o t h e r
,
.

E v e ryth ing h ad it s d e m o n s ; th e y anim at e d e qu ally a

hu m an b e ing and h is broth e r t h e anim al E v e ryth ing
,
.

w as co n s id e r e d a cco rd ing to it s anthropomo rp h ic o r

th e r io m o rph ic attr ibut e s as hu m an b e ing o r anim al
,
.

E v e n t h e d is c o f t h e sun w as g iv e n w ings o r fou r f e e t ,

in o rd e r to illu str at e it s mov e m e nt Thus aro se an id e a

.
'

o f t h e u niv e rs e wh ich w as no t o nly v e ry far from r e al ity ,

but w as o ne wh ich corr e spo n d e d wholly t o subj e ct iv e

ph ant as ie s .

W e kno w fro m ou r o wn e xp e r ie nc e th is st at e o f m ind

, ,
.

I t is an in fant il e st ag e T o a ch ild t h e m oo n is a m an o r
.

a fac e or a sh e ph e rd o f t h e st a rs T h e clouds in t h e sky

.
26 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
s e e m l ik e l ittl e sh e e p ; t h e dolls dr ink e at and sl e e p ; t h e ,

ch ild pl ac e s a l e tt e r at t h e w ind o w fo r t h e Chr is t ch ild ; -

h e c all s t o t h e sto rk to br ing h im a l ittl e b roth e r o r

sist e r ; t h e c o w is t h e w ife o f t h e hors e an d t h e dog t h e ,

h usb and o f t h e c at W e kno w too t h at l o w e r r ac e s l ik e

.
, , ,

t h e n e gro e s look upo n t h e l o c o m ot iv e a s an anim al and

, ,

c all t h e dr aw e rs o f t h e t abl e t h e ch ild o f t h e t abl e .

As w e l e ar n through F r e ud t h e dr e am shows a s im il ar
,

t yp e. S in c e t h e dr e am is u n co n c e r ne d w ith t h e r e al co nd i
t io n o f th ings it br ings t h e m o st h e t e r o g e ne ou s m att e r
,

tog e th e r and a world o f im p o ss ib il it ie s t ak e s t h e pl ac e

,

o f r e al it ie s . F r e u d fi nds progr e ss io n ch ar act e r ist ic o f

th ink ing wh e n aw ak e ; th at is to say t h e adv an c e m e nt o f ,

t h e thought e xc it at io n fro m t h e syst e m o f t h e inn e r o r

out e r p e rc e pt io n through t he e ndop sych ic wo rk o f

a ssoc iat io n co n sc iou s and u n co n sc iou s t o t h e m ot o r e n d ;
, ,

th at is to say tow ards inne rv at io n I n t h e dr e am h e fi nds

, .

t h e r e v e rs e n am e ly r e gr e ss io n o f t h e th o ught e xc it at io n
, ,

fro m t h e p re co n sc iou s o r u n co n sc io us t o t h e sy st e m o f
-

p e rc e pt io n by t h e m e ans o f wh ich t h e dr e am r e c e iv e s
,

it s o rd inary im pr e s sio n o f s e n suou s d ist in c t ne ss wh ich ,

c an r is e to an al m o st h alluc in at in g cl e ar ne ss T h e dr e am .

th ink ing m ov e s in a r e tr o gr ad e m anne r tow ards t h e raw

T h e stru ct ur e o f t h e dr e am
“
m at e r ial o f m e m o ry .

thoughts is d issolv e d dur ing t he p r o gr e ss o f r e gr e ssio n

int o it s raw m at e r ial T h e r e anim at io n o f t h e o r igin al
.

p e rc e pt io n is how e v e r o nly o ne sid e o f r e gr e ss io n T h e

, ,
.

oth e r sid e is r e gr e s sio n t o t h e in fant il e m e m o ry m at e r ial ,

wh ich m igh t al so b e u nd e r st o o d as r e gr e ssio n t o t h e

or ig inal p e rc e pt io n b ut wh ich d e se rv e s e sp e c ial m e nt io n
,
 C O N C ER N I N G TW O K I N D S O F TH I NK I NG 27

on a cc o u nt o f it s in d e p e nd e nt im port an c e Th is r e gr e s .

sio n m ight in d e e d b e co nsid e r e d as

, ,
h ist o r ic al T he .

dr e am accord ing to th is co n c e pt io n m ight also b e de

, ,

scr ib e d as t h e sub s t it ut e o f t h e inf ant il e sc e ne c h ang e d ,

f
t h r o ug h t r ans e r e nc e int o t he re c e nt sc e ne .

T h e in f ant il e sc e ne c annot c arry through it s r e v iv al ;

it m u st b e s at isfi e d w ith it s r e tu r n as a dr e am F rom .

th is co n c e pt io n o f t he h istor ic al s id e o f r e gr e ss io n it fol ,

l o w s co n s e qu e ntly th at t h e m od e s o f co n clus io n o f t he
dr e am in so far as o ne m ay sp e ak o f th e m m ust show
, ,

at t h e s am e t im e an an alogou s an d in f ant il e ch ar act e r .

Th is is truly t h e c as e as e xp e r ie nc e h as abu nd antly

'

sh o w n so th at tod ay e v e ry o ne who is f am il iar w ith t he

,

subj e ct o f dr e am analys is co n fi r m s F r e u d s p rop os it io n ’

th at d re am s are a pie c e o f t h e c o nque re d lif e o f t h e

c h il d is h s o ul I nas m u ch as t h e ch ild ish p sych ic l if e is
.

u nd e niably o f an arch aic typ e th is c h aract e rist ic b e l o ng s

,

to t h e dr e am in qu it e an u nusu al d e gr e e F r e ud c alls ou r .

att e nt io n to th is e sp e c ially .

T he d re am w hic h ful fi l s it s w ishes b y a sho rt re g re ssive

, ,

p at h affo rd s u s o nl y an e x am p l e o f t he p rim ary m e t h o d o f w o rk

,

ing o f t he psy c h ic ap p arat u s w h ic h h as b e e n ab and o ne d b y u s as

,

u nsu it ab l e . T h at w h ic h o nc e rul e d in t he w ak ing st at e w h e n t he ,

p sy c h ic al l ife w as st il l y o u n g an d im p o t e n t ap p e ars t o b e b an ish e d

,

t o t he d re am l ife in so m e w h at t h e sam e w ay as t h e b o w and

,

arro w , t h o se d isc ard e d p rim it iv e w e ap o ns o f ad u l t h u m anit y h av e

, ,
” 1 9
b ee n re l e g at e d t o t he nu rse ry .

All th is e xp e r ie nc e sugge sts to u s th at w e dr aw a

p ar all e l b e tw e e n t h e ph ant as t ic al m ythol o g ic al th ink ing
,

o f ant iqu it y an d t h e s im il a r th ink in g o f ch ildr e n b e tw e e n ,

28 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E U N C ON S C I O US
t he low e r hu m an r ac e s and dr e am s Th is tr ain o f 20
.

thought is n o t a str ang e o ne fo r u s but qu it e fam il iar ,

through our k nowl e dg e o f c o m p ar at iv e an at o m y and t h e

h ist o ry o f d e v e l o p m e n t wh ich show u s how t h e structur e
,

and fu n ct io n o f t h e hu m an body are t h e r e sults o f a s e r ie s

o f e mbryo nic ch ang e s wh ich co rr e spo nd to s im il ar

ch ang e s in t h e h isto ry o f t h e r ac e Th e r e for e t h e sup .
,

pos it io n is j ust ifi e d th at o ntog e ne s is Co rr e spo nds in

p sychol o gy t o phylog e ne s is Co n s e qu e ntly it would .
,

b e tru e a s w e ll t h at t h e st at e o f in fan t il e th ink in g in t h e

, ,

’
ch ild s p sych ic l if e as w e ll as in dr e am s is no th ing but a
, ,

re e cho o f t h e p r e h is t o r ic an d t h e an c ie nt
21
-
.

I n r e g ard t o t h is N ie tz sch e t ak e s a v e ry b ro ad and re

,

m ark abl e st an dpo int

22
.

In o u r sl e e p an d in our d re am s w e p ass t h ro u gh t he w ho l e
t ho u g h t o f e arl ie r hu m anit y . I m e an, in t h e sam e w ay t h at m an
re aso n s in h is d re am s he re aso ne d w he n in t he w ak ing st at e m any
,

t h o u sand s o f y e ars T he fi rst c a usa w h ic h o c c u rre d t o h is m ind in

.

re fe re nc e t o any t h ing t h at ne e d e d e x p l anat io n sat isfi e d h im an d ,

p a ss e d f o r t ru t h I
. n t h e d re am t h is a t av ist ic re l ic o f hum anit y
m anifest s it s e x ist e nc e w it h in u s fo r it is t he fo u nd at io n u po n
,

w hic h t h e h ighe r rat io nal fac u l t y d e v e l o p e d and w h ic h is st il l ,

d e v e l o p ing in e v e ry ind iv id u al T he d re am c arries u s b ac k int o

.

e arl ie r st at es o f hu m an c u l t u re and af fo rd s u s a m e ans o f u nd e r

,

st an d ing it b e t t e r Th e d re am t ho u gh t is so e asy t o u s no w
.
,

b ec au se w e are so t ho rou ghl y t raine d t o it t h ro u gh t h e int e rm inab l e

st ag e s o f e v o l u t io n d u rin g w h ic h t h is p h an t ast ic and fac il e fo rm

o f t h e o riz ing h as p re v ail e d T o a c e rt ain e x t e nt t h e d re am is

.

a rest o rat iv e fo r t h e b rain w h ic h d u ring t h e d ay is c al l e d u p o n

,

t o m e e t t h e sev e re d e m and s fo r t raine d t h o u gh t m ad e b y t he ,

c o nd it io ns o f a h igh e r c iv il iz at io n .

“
F ro m t hese fac t s w e c an u nd e rst and how l at el y m o re ac ut e
,

l o g ic al t hink ing t h e t ak ing se rio u sl y o f c au se and e ffe c t h as b ee n

, ,
 C O N C ER N I N G TW O K I N D S O F TH I N K I NG 29

d ev e l o pe d ; w he n o u r func t io ns o f re aso n and int e l l ig e nc e st ill re ac h

b ac k inv o l u nt aril y t o t ho se p rim it iv e fo rm s o f c o nc l u sio n and w e ,

”
l iv e ab o u t h al f o u r l iv es in t h is c o nd it io n .

W e h av e lr e ady s e e n th at F r e ud in d e p e nd e ntly o f
a ,

N ie tzsch e h as r e ach e d a s im il ar st andp o int fro m t h e

,

b as is o f dr e am an alys is T h e st e p fro m th is e st abl ish e d

.

p ropo s it io n to t h e p e r c e pt io n o f t he m yths as f am il ia r
dr e am im age s is n o lo ng e r a gr e at o ne F r e ud h as fo rm u .

l at e d th is co nclu s io n h ims e lf .
23

T h e inv est ig at io n o f t h is fo l k p sy c h o l o g ic fo rm at io n, m y t h s,
-

et c .
, is by no m e ans fi nishe d at p rese nt T o t ak e an e x am pl e o f
.

t h is, ho w ev e r, it is p ro b ab l e t h at t h e m y t hs c o rre spo nd t o t h e

d ist o rt e d re sid u e o f w ish ph ant asies o f w ho l e nat io ns, t he se c u l ar
ize d d re am s of y ou ng hu m anit y .
”

R anku nd e rst and s t he m yths in a s im il iar m anne r as

24
,

a m ass dr e am o f t h e p e opl e Riklin h as ins ist e d 25 26

.

r ightly up o n t h e dr e am m e ch anis m o f t h e f abl e s and ,

Abr ah am h as do ne t h e s am e fo r t he m yths H e s ays

27
.

T h e m y t h is a fragm e nt oft he infant il e so ul -

l ife oft he people .

T hu s t he m y t h is a sust ain e d , st ill r e m a n ng i i frag m e nt fro m

t he infant il e so u l - l ife o f t he pe o p l e , an d t he d re am is t he my th
of t he ind iv id u al .

An u npr e jud ic e d r e ad ing o f t h e abov e m e nt io ne d -

au t ho rs w ill c e rt ainly all ay al l doub t s co n c e r n ing t h e

int im at e co nne ct io n b e tw e e n dr e am p sych o logy and m yth

psychology T h e co n clus io n r e sul t s al m ost fro m its e l f
.
,

th at t h e ag e wh ich cr e at e d t h e m y t h s thought ch ild ishly

3o PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
th at to say p h ant ast ic ally as in ou r ag e is st ill do ne
is , , ,

t o a v e ry gr e at e xt e nt ( a ss o c iat iv e ly o r an alog ic ally ) in

dr e am s T he b e g innings o f m yth fo r m at io n s ( in t h e
.

ch ild ) t h e t ak ing o f ph ant as ie s fo r r e al it ie s wh ich is

, ,

p artly in accord w it h t h e h istor ic al m ay e as ily b e dis ,

cov e r e d am o ng ch ildr e n .

O n e m ight r ais e t h e obj e ct io n th at t h e m ythologic al

,

in cl in at io ns o f ch ildr e n are im pl an t e d by e du c at io n T h e .

o bj e ct io n is fut il e H as hu m an ity at al l e v e r brok e n

.

loo se fro m t h e m yths ? E v e ry m an h as e y e s and all his

se n se s t o p e rc e iv e th at t h e wo rld is d e a d cold and un ,

e nd in g an d h e h as n e v e r ye t s e e n a G od n o r brought to
, ,

l ight t h e e x ist e n c e o f such fro m e m p ir ic al ne c e ss ity O n .

t h e c o n tr ary th e r e w as n e e d o f a ph an t ast ic inde st ruc

, ,

t ibl e opt im is m and o ne far r e m ov e d fro m al l s e n s e o f

,

r e al ity in ord e r fo r e x am pl e to d iscov e r in t h e sh am e ful

, , ,

d e ath o f Chr ist r e ally t h e h igh e st salv at io n and t h e re

d e m pt io n o f t h e world Thu s o ne c an ind e e d w ithh o ld
.

fr o m a ch ild t h e sub st anc e o f e arl ie r m yth s but n o t t ak e

fr o m h im t h e n e e d fo r m yth o logy O ne c an say th at
.
,

should it h app e n th at all tr ad it io n s in t h e w o rld w e r e cut

of f w ith a s ingl e blow th e n w ith t h e su cc e e d in g g e n e r a

,

t io n t h e wh o l e m ythology an d h istory o f r e l ig i o n would

,

st art ov e r ag ain O nly a fe w ind iv idu als su cc e e d in

.

thr o w ing o ff m ythology in a t im e o f a c e rt ain int e ll e ctu al

supr e m acy — t h e m ass ne v e r fr e e s its e l f E xpl an at io n s .

are o f n o av ail ; th e y m e r e ly d e stroy a tr an s itory f o r m

o f m anife st at io n but no t t h e cr e at ing im puls e

, .

L e t u s ag ain t ak e up ou r e arl ie r tr ain o f thought .

W e spok e o f t h e o ntog e ne t ic re e ch o o f t he phylo -

32 PSY C H OLOG Y OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
u nc e rt ainty o f t he futu r e f at e op e ns puts b ack t he unc e r ,

t ainty into t h e p ast through his ph ant asy and s ays

, If , ,

o nly I w e r e no t t he ch ild o f m y o rd inary p ar e nts but ,

t h e ch ild o f a r ich an d fash io n abl e cou nt an d h ad b e e n ,

m e r e ly p ass e d ov e r to my p ar e nts th e n so m e d ay a gold e n ,

co ach would co m e and t h e cou nt would t ak e h is ch ild

,

b ack w ith h im to h is wo nd e r ful c astl e and so it go e s ,

o n as in G r imm s F airy T al e s wh ich t h e m oth e r t e lls to

’
,

h e r ch ildr e n . W ith a n or m al ch ild it stop s w ith t h e

29
,

fug it iv e qu ickly p ass ing id e a wh ich is soo n cov e r e d ov e r

,
-

and forgott e n How e v e r at o ne t im e and th at w as in

.
, ,

t h e an c ie nt world o f cultur e t h e ph ant asy w as an op e nly ,

ack nowl e dg e d in st itut io n T h e h e ro e s I r e c all Ro m u

.
,
-

l u s and R e m u s S e m ir am is M os e s an d m any oth e rs

, , ,

h av e b e e n s e p ar at e d from th e ir r e al p ar e nts O th e rs .
30

are d ir e ctly so n s o f gods an d t h e nobl e r ac e s d e r iv e th e ir

,

f am ily tr e e s from h e ro e s and gods As o ne s e e s by th is .

e x am pl e t h e ph ant asy o f mod e r n hu m anity is noth ing but

,

a r e e cho o f an old folk b e l ie f wh ich w as v e ry w id e

-
- -

spr e ad or iginally T h e amb it iou s ph ant asy choos e s

.
31
,

am o ng oth e rs a fo rm wh ich is cl ass ic

, and wh ich onc e ,

h ad a tru e m e aning T h e s am e th ing holds good in

.

r e g ard to t h e s e xu al ph ant asy I n t h e p r e am bl e w e h av e .

spok e n o f dr e ams o f s exu al ass ault : t h e robb e r who

br e aks into t h e hous e and co mm its a d ang e r o u s act .

Th at t o o is a m ytholog ic al th e m e and in t h e p r e h istor ic

, , ,

e ra w as c e rt ainly a r e al it y to o Wholly ap art fro m t h e 32

.

f act th at t h e c aptur e o f wo m e n w as so m e th ing g e ne r al

in t h e l awl e ss p r e h istor ic t im e s it w as al so a sub j e ct o f ,

m ythology in cult iv at e d e pochs I r e c all t h e c aptur e o f .

 C O N C ER N I N G TW O K I N D S OF TH I NK I NG 33

P ro s e rp ina D e ianir a E urop a

, , , t he S ab ine wo m e n , e tc .

We m ust no tforg e t th at e v e n tod ay m arr iag e custo m s

, ,

e x ist in v ar iou s r e g io n s wh ich r e c all t h e anc ie nt custom

o f m arr iag e by c aptu r e .

T h e sy m bol ism o f t h e in strum e nt o f co itu s was an in

e xh aust ibl e m at e r ial for an c ie nt ph ant asy I t fu r nish e d .

a w id e sp r e ad cult th at w as d e s ig n at e d ph all ic t h e obj e ct ,

o f r e v e r e nc e o f wh ich was t h e ph allu s T h e comp anion .

o f D io nysu s w as P h al e s a p e rso nifi c at io n o f t h e ph allu s

,

pro c e e d ing from t h e ph all ic H e rm e o f D io nysu s T h e .

ph all ic symbols w e r e cou ntl e ss A m o ng t h e S ab ine s t h e .

,

cu sto m e x ist e d for t h e br id e groo m to p art t he br id e s ’

h air w ith a l anc e T h e b ird t h e fish and t he s nak e w e r e

.
,

ph all ic symb ols I n add it io n th e r e e x ist e d in e normou s

.
,

qu ant it ie s th e r iomorph ic r e p r e s e nt at io n s o f t h e s e xu al
in st inct in con ne ct io n w ith wh ich t h e bull t he h e go at
, ,
-
,

t h e ram t h e bo ar and t h e ass w e r e fr e qu e ntly u s e d

,
An .

u nd e rcu rr e nt to th is cho ic e o f sym bol w as fu rn ish e d by

t h e sodom it ic in cl inat io n o f hu m anity Wh e n in t he .

dr e am ph ant asy o f m od e r n m an t he f e ar e d m an is re ,

pl ac e d by an anim al th e r e is r e curr ing in t he o ntog e ne t ic

,

re e cho t h e s am e th ing wh ich w as op e nly r e pr e s e nt e d by

-

t h e an c ie nts cou ntl e s s t im e s Th e r e w e r e h e go ats wh ich

.
-

pursu e d nymphs s atyrs w ith sh e go ats ; in st ill old e r t im e s

,
-

in E gypt th e r e e v e n e x ist e d a shr ine o f a go at god wh ich ,

t h e G r e e ks c all e d P an wh e r e t h e H ie rodul e s p ro st itut e d

,

th e m s e lv e s w ith go ats I t is w e ll know n th at th is wor

.
3 3

sh ip h as no t d ie d out bu t co nt inu e s to l iv e as a sp e c ial

,

cu sto m in S outh I t aly and G r e e c e .

Tod ay we f e e l fo r su ch a th ing n oth ing but t h e d e e p e st

34 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
a bhorr e nc e and n e v e r would ad m it it st ill slu m b e r e d in
,

ou r souls N e v e rth e l e ss ju st as truly as t he id e a o f t h e

.
,

s e xu al as sault is t h e r e so are th e s e th ings th e r e too ; wh ich

,

w e should co nt e m pl at e st ill m o r e clo s e ly — no t through ,

m or al e ye gl a ss e s w it h horror b ut w ith int e r e s t as a

-
, ,

n atu r al sc ie n c e s in c e th e s e th in gs are v e n e r abl e r e l ics o f

,

p ast cultur e p e r iods W e h av e e v e n tod ay a cl au s e in .

, ,

ou r p e n al cod e ag ain st sodo m y B ut t h at wh ich w as o n c e .

so stro ng as to g iv e r is e t o a wor sh ip am o ng a h ighly

d e v e l o p e d p e opl e h as p rob ably no t wholly d is app e ar e d

fro m t he hu m an soul du r ing t h e c o u rs e o f a fe w ge ne r a
t io ns W e m ay no t fo rg e t th at s in c e t h e sym pos iu m o f
.

P l at o in wh ich h o m o se xu al ity fac e s u s o n t h e s am e l e v e l

,
-

w ith t h e so c all e d no r m al s e xu al ity o nly e ig ht y g e n

-
,
o

e rat io ns h av e p ass e d And wh at are e ighty g e ne r at io ns

.
?

Th e y shr ink to an im p e rc e p t ibl e p e r iod o f t im e wh e n

co m p ar e d w ith t h e sp ac e o f t im e wh ich s e p ar at e s u s from
t h e ho m o N e ande rt al e n sis o r H e id e lb e rg e n s is
-
I m ight .

c all to m in d in th is co nne ct io n so m e cho ic e thoughts o f

, ,

t h e gr e at h istor ian G ugl ie l m o F e rr e ro :

I t is a v er y c om mo n b el ie f t h at t he fu rt he r m an is se p arat e d
fro m t h e p rese n t by t im e , t h e m o re d o es he d iffe r fro m us in h is
t h o u gh t s and fe e l ings ; t h at y
t h e p s c h o l o gy o f hu m anit y c h ange s
fro m c e nt u r y t o c e nt u r y , l ik e fash io ns o f l it e rat u re . The re fo re ,
no

so o ne r do w e fi nd in p ast h ist o ry an inst it u t io n a c u st o m a l aw , ,

or a b el ie f a l it t l e d iffe re nt fro m t ho se w it h w h ic h w e are fam il iar ,

t h an w e imm e d iat e l y se arc h fo r so m e l

c om p ex m e an ings, w hic h
fre q u e nt l y re so v e l t h e m se l v es in t o p h rase s o f d o u b t fu l sig nifi c anc e .

“
I nd e e d , m an d o es no t c h an g e so q
u ic k l y ; h is p sy c h o l o gy at

b o t t om re m ains t h e sam e , an d e v e n if h is l
c u t u re v arie s m u c h fro m
o ne e po c h to ano t h e r it , d o es no t c h ang e t he fu nc t io n in g of h is
m in d . T he fu n d am e nt al l aw s o f t he m ind re m ain t h e sam e , at
 C O N C ER N I N G T W O K I N D S OF TH I N K I NG 35

l e ast d u ring h ist o ric al p e rio d o f w h ic h w e h av e

t h e sho rt k no w l
e d ge ,
and al l p h e no m e n a e v e n t h e m o st st ran g e
, m u st b e , c ap ab l e

o f e x p l an at io n by t ho se c o m m o n l aw s of t he m ind w h ic h w e c an
”
reco g n iz e in o u rse l v es .

The p sycholog ist should acc e p t th is v ie wp o int w ithout

r e s e rv at io n as p e cul iarly appl ic abl e t o h im se l f Tod ay .
,

in d e e d in ou r c iv il iz at io n t h e ph all ic p r o c e ss io ns t h e
, ,

D io nys i an m yst e r ie s o f cl ass ic al Ath e ns t he b ar e fac e d ,

P h all ic e m bl e m s h av e d is app e ar e d fro m ou r co ins

, ,

hou s e s t e m pl e s and str e e ts ; so also h av e t h e t h e rio m o r

,

p hi c r e pr e s e nt at io n s o f t h e D e ity b e e n r e du c e d to s m all
r e m n ants l ik e t h e D ov e o f t h e Holy G ho st t he L am b o f
, ,

G od and t h e Co ck o f P e t e r ad o r ning ou r chu rch tow e rs .

I n t h e s am e w ay t h e c aptu r e and v iol atio n o f wo m e n

,

h av e shru nk e n aw ay to cr im e s Y e t all o f th is do e s no t .

af fe ct t h e f act t h at w e in ch ildhood go through a p e r io d

, ,

in wh ich t h e im pul se s tow a rd th e s e arch aic in cl in at io n s

app e ar ag ain and ag ain an d th at through al l ou r l ife w e ,

po ss e ss s id e by s id e w ith t h e ne wly r e cru it e d d ir e ct e d

, ,

and ad apt e d thought a ph an t ast ic thought wh ich co rr e

,

sp o nd s to t h e thought o f t h e c e ntur ie s o f ant iqu ity and

b arb ar is m Ju st as ou r bod ie s st ill k e e p t h e r e m ind e rs

.

o f old fu nct ions and co nd it io n s in m any old f ash io ne d -

o rg an s so ou r m inds too wh ich app ar e ntly h av e out

, , ,

grow n thos e arch aic t e nd e nc ie s ne v e rth e l e ss b e ar t h e ,

m arks o f t h e e volut io n p as se d through and t h e v e ry ,

an c ie n t re e cho e s -
at l e ast dr e am ily
,
in ph ant as ie s ,
.

T h e sy m bol is m wh ich F r e u d h as d is cov e r e d is re ,

v e al e d as an e xpr e ss io n o f a th ink in g and o f an im pulse

l im it e d to t h e dr e am to wr o ng co nduct and to d e r ang e
, ,
36 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
m e nts o f t h e m ind wh ich for m o f th ink ing and im puls e at
,

o ne t im e rul e d as t h e m igh t ie st in flu e n c e in p ast cultur e

e p o chs.

T h e qu e st io n o f w h e nc e co m e s t h e in cl in at io n and
ab il ity wh ich e nabl e s t h e m in d t o e xpr e ss its e lf
sy m bol ic ally br ings u s to t h e d is t in ct io n b e tw e e n t h e
two k inds o f th ink ing—t h e d ir e ct e d and ad apt e d o n
,

o ne h an d an d t h e subj e ct iv e
, fe d by ou r o wn e got ist ic
,

w ish e s o n t he oth e r Th e l att e r form o f th ink ing

,
.
,

pr e suppo s ing th at it w e r e no t co n st antly co rr e ct e d

by t h e ad apt e d th ink ing m u st ne c e ss ar ily produc e an
,

ov e rwh e l m ingly subj e ct iv e ly d istort e d id e a o f t h e world .

W e r e g ard th is st at e o f m in d as in fant il e I t l ie s in ou r .

ind iv idu al p ast and in t he p ast o f m ank in d

, .

W ith th is w e affi rm t h e im p ort ant f act th at m an in his

ph ant ast ic th ink ing h as k e pt a co n d e n s at io n o f t h e p sych ic
h istory o f h is d e v e lopm e nt An e xtr aord inar ily impor
.

t ant t ask wh ich e v e n tod ay is h ardly po ss ibl e is to g iv e a

,
-

syst e m at ic d e scr ipt io n o f ph ant ast ic th ink ing O ne m ay .

,

at t h e m o st sk e tch it
, Wh il e d ir e ct e d th ink ing is a ph e
.

no m e no n co n sc iou s throughout t h e s am e c ann ot b e a s

36
,

se rt e d o f ph ant ast ic t h ink in g D o ubtl e s s a gr e at p art o f

.
,
’

it st ill falls e nt ir e ly in t he r e al m o f t h e co nsc iou s but , ,

at l e ast just as m uch go e s al o ng in h al f sh adows and

, ,

g e ne r ally an u nd e t e r m ine d am ou nt in t h e u nco nsc iou s ;

and th is can th e r e fo r e b e d isclos e d o nly in d ir e ctly By 37
.
, ,

m e an s o f ph ant ast ic th ink ing d ir e ct e d th ink ing is c o n

,

n e ct e d w it h t h e old e st fou nd at io n s o f t h e hum an m ind ,

wh ich h av e b e e n fo r a lo ng t im e b e ne ath t h e thr e shold

o f t he co nsc iou s ne ss Th e products o f th is ph ant ast ic
.
 C O N C ER N I N G TW O K I N D S O F TH I N K I NG 37

th ink ing ar is ing d ir e ctly fro m t h e co n sc iou s ne ss are ,

fi rst w ak ing dr e am s o r d ay dr e ams to wh ich F r e ud

, ,
-
, ,

F l o urno y P ick and oth e rs h av e g iv e n sp e c ial att e nt io n ;

,

th e n t h e dr e am s wh ich o ffe r to t h e co nsc iou s ne ss at fi rst , ,

a m yst e r iou s e xt e r ior and w in m e aning o nly through t h e

,

ind ir e c t ly in f e rr e d u nco n sc iou s co nt e nts L astly th e r e is .

,

a so c all e d wholly u n consc iou s ph ant asy syst e m in t h e

-

spl it o ff co m pl e x wh ich e xh ib its a p ro nou nc e d t e nd

-

e n cy tow ards t h e p roduct io n o f a d isso c iat e d p e rso n

al it y f
"8

O u r fo r e go ing e xpl anat io ns show wh e r e in t he p rodu cts

a r is ing fro m t h e u nco nsc iou s are r e l at e d to t h e m yth ic al .

F ro m all th e s e s ign s it m ay b e co n clud e d th at t h e soul

p o ss e ss e s in som e d e gr e e h istor ic al str at a t h e old e st ,

str atu m o f wh ich would co rr e sp o nd to t h e u nco nsc iou s .

T h e r e sult o f th at mu st b e th at an introv e rs io n o ccu rr ing

in l at e r l if e acco rd ing to t h e F r e ud ian t e ach ing s e iz e s
, ,

upo n r e gr e ss iv e in f ant il e r e m inisc e n c e s t ak e n from t h e

in d iv idu al p ast Th at first po ints out t h e w ay ; th e n w ith
.
,

stro ng e r introv e rs io n and r e gr e ss ion ( stro ng r e p r e ss io ns ,

introv e rs io n p sycho s e s ) t h e r e co m e to l ight p ro n ou nc e d

,

tr aits o f an arch aic m e nt al k ind wh ich u n d e r c e rt ain c ir ,

cum st an c e s m ight go as far as t he re e c ho o f a o nc e

’

-
,

m anife st a rch aic m e nt al p roduct

, .

Th is p robl e m d e s e rv e s to b e mor e tho roughly dis

cu ss e d As a co n cr e t e e x am pl e l e t u s t ak e t h e h isto ry o f
.
,

t h e p iou s Abbé O e gg e r wh ich A n at o l e F r an c e h as com

m unic at e d to u s Th is pr ie st w as a hyp e rcr it ic al m an

.
39
,

and m uch g iv e n to ph ant as ie s e sp e c ially I n r e g ard t o

,

o ne qu e st io n v iz t h e f at e o f Jud a s ; wh e th e r h e w as
,
.
,
38 PSY C H OLOG Y OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
r e ally d am ne d as t h e t e a ch ing o f t h e church ass e rts t o
, ,

e v e rl ast in g pu n ish m e nt o r wh e th e r G od h ad p a rd o ne d
,

h im a ft e r all O e g g e r sid e d w it h t he int e ll ig e nt p o int o f

.

V ie w th at G od in h is all w isdo m h ad cho s e n Jud as as

,
-
,

an in stru m e n t in ord e r to b r in g about t h e h igh e st p o in t

,

o f t h e work o f r e d e m pt io n by Chr ist Th is ne c e ss ary .

40

in stru m e nt w it hout t h e h e lp o f wh ich t h e hu m an r ac e

,

w o uld n o t h av e b e e n a sh ar e r in s alv at io n could no t ,

p o ss ibly b e d am ne d by t h e al l good G od I n o rd e r to -
.

put an e nd to h is doubts O e gg e r w e nt o ne night to t h e,

chu rch and m ad e suppl ic at io n fo r a s ign th at Ju d as w as

,

s av e d Th e n h e f e lt a h e av e nly t o u ch upo n h is should e r

. .

F ollow in g th is O e gg e r told t h e Archb ishop o f h is r e so

,

l ut io n t o go out into t h e w orld to p r e ach G od s u ne nd ing

’

m e rcy .

H e r e w e h av e a r ichly d e v e lop e d ph ant asy syst e m b e

for e us I t is co nc e r ne d w ith t h e subtl e and p e rp e tu ally
.

u nd e c id e d qu e st io n as to wh e th e r t h e l e g e nd ary fi gu r e o f
Ju d as is d am ne d o r no t T h e Jud as l e g e n d is in its e lf
.
, ,

myth ic al m at e r ial v iz t he m al ic iou s b e tr ay al o f a h e ro

,
.
,
.

I r e c all S ie g fr ie d an d H ag e n B ald e r and L ok i S ie gfr ie d

,
.

an d B ald e r w e r e m u rd e r e d by a f aithl e ss tr aito r fro m

am o ng th e ir cl o se st a s so c iat e s Th is m yth is m ov ing and .

tr ag ic it is no t ho nor abl e b attl e wh ich k ills t h e n obl e

-
,

b ut e v il tr e ach e ry I t is t o o an o ccu rr e n c e wh ich is h is

.
, ,

t o ric al o v e r and ov e r ag ain O ne t h ink s o f C wsar and

.

B rutu s S in c e t h e m yth o f su ch a d e e d is v e ry o l d and

. ,

st ill t h e subj e ct o f t e ach ing and r e p e t it io n it is t h e ,

e xpr e ssio n o f a p sych o l o g ic al f act t h at e nvy do e s n o t ,

allow hu m anity to sl e e p and th at all o f u s c arry

,
in a ,
4o P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E U N C O N S C I O US
t e nd e nc ie s A s is e as ily to b e u nd e rstood an
in t h e s o ul .
,

inn at e t e nd e n cy an a ck n owl e dgm e nt o f wh ich o n e re

,

fus e s to m ak e and wh ich o ne tr e ats as n o n e x ist e nt c an

,
-

h ardly co nt ain a t h ing t h at m ay b e in accord w it h ou r

co n s c ious ch ar act e r I t co n c e r n s t h e t e n d e n c ie s wh ich are
.

co n s id e r e d imm or al and as g e ne r ally im poss ibl e and t h e

, ,

stro ng e st r e s e nt m e nt is fe lt t o w ard s b r ing ing th e m into

t h e co nsc io us ne ss Wh at would O e g g e r h av e s aid h ad
.

h e b e e n told co n fid e nt ially th at h e w as p r e p ar in g h im s e l f
fo r t h e Jud as rOl e ? And wh at in ou rs e lv e s do w e c o n
s id e r imm or al and no n e x ist e nt o r wh ich w e at l e ast w ish
-
,

w e r e no n e x ist e n t ? I t is th at wh ich in ant iqu ity l ay w id e

-

sp r e ad o n t h e su r f ac e v iz s e xu al ity in all it s v ar iou s

,
.
,

m anife st at io ns Th e r e fo r e w e n e e d no t wo nd e r in t he
.
,

l e ast wh e n w e find th is at t h e b as e o f m ost o f ou r ph an

t asie s e v e n if t h e ph ant as ie s h av e a d iffe r e nt app e ar an c e
,
.

B e c au s e O e gg e r fou nd t h e d am nat io n o f Jud as inc o m

p at ibl e w ith G od s good ne ss h e thought about t h e co n
.
’
,

fl ic t in th at w ay ; th at is t h e co n sc iou s s e qu e n c e Alo ng .

w it h th is is t h e u nco nsc iou s s e qu e nc e ; b e c aus e O e g ge r

h im s e l f w ish e d to b e a Jud as h e fi rst m ad e su r e o f t h e ,

good ne s s o f G od To O e gg e r Jud as w as t h e sym bol

.
,

o f h is o wn u n co nsc ious t e nd e ncy and h e m ad e use o f th is ,

sy m bol in o rd e r to b e abl e to m e d it at e ov e r his unco n

s c iou s w ish T he d ir e ct co m ing into co n sc io us ne ss o f t he
.

Jud as w ish would h av e b e e n too p ain ful fo r h im Thus .

,

t h er e m us t b e typic al myt hs w h ic h ar e r e al ly t h e ins t ru

m e nt s o f f oal k p y
s c h o-
l o g ic a l com pl e x t r e a t m e nt . J acob
B u rckh ardt s e e m s to h av e susp e ct e d th is wh e n he o nc e
s aid th at e v e ry G r e e k o f t h e cl ass ic al e ra c arr ie d in him
 C O N C ER N I N G T W O K I N D S O F T H I N K I N G 41

s e l f a fr agm e nt o f t h e O e d ipu s j u st as e v e ry G e rm an
,

c arr ie s a fr agm e nt o f F aust .

42

Th e p robl e m wh ich t h e s impl e sto ry o f t h e Abb é

O e gg e r h as b rought cl e arly b e fo r e u s co n fro nts u s ag ain
wh e n we pr e p ar e to e x am in e ph ant as ie s wh ich o we th e ir
e x ist e n c e th is t im e to an e xclu s iv e ly unco n sc iou s work .

W e are ind e bt e d fo r t h e m at e r ial wh ich we w ill u se in

t h e follow ing ch apt e rs to t h e u s e ful publ ic at io n o f an

Am e r ic an wom an M is s F r ank M ill e r who h as g iv e n to

, ,
-

t h e wo rld som e po e t ic al u nco n sc iou sly for m e d p h ant as ie s

u nd e r t he t itl e, Q u e lqu e f aits d im ag inat io n cré atr ic e

’

sub co ns c ie nt e
.
— Vo l
.
,
V Arc hiv e s d e P syc h o l o g ie,
 CHA P TE R I I

TH E M I LL E R P HA N TA S I E S

W E k now fr o m m u ch p sych o an alyt ic e xp e r ie nc e th at

, ,

wh e ne v e r o ne r e cou nts his ph ant as ie s o r h is dr e ams h e ,

d e als no t o nly w ith t h e m o st im po rt ant and int im at e o f

h is probl e m s but w ith t h e o ne t he m ost p ain ful at th at
,

mo m e nt .
1

S in c e in t h e c as e o f M is s M ill e r w e h av e to do w ith a
co m pl ic at e d syst e m w e m u st g iv e o u r att e nt io n c ar e fully
,

to t h e p art icul ar s wh ich I w ill d iscuss follow ing as b e st

,
.

I c an M iss M ill e r s p r e s e nt at io n
’
.

I n t h e fi rst ch apt e r P h é n o m ene s de sugg e st io n p as

,

”
s ag er e ou d aut o sugg e st io n inst ant ané e
’
M iss M ill e r
,

g iv e s a l ist o f e x am pl e s o f h e r u nusu al sugg e st ib il it y ,

wh ich she h e rs e l f co n s id e rs as a symptom o f h e r ne rvou s

t e m p e r am e nt ; fo r e x am pl e sh e is e xc e ss iv e ly fo nd o f
,

c av iar wh e r e as so m e o f h e r r e l at iv e s l o ath e it How

, .

e ve r
, as soo n as any o n e e xp r e ss e s h is lo ath ing sh e h e r ,

s e l f fe e ls m o m e nt ar ily t h e s am e lo ath ing I do no t ne e d

.

to e m ph as iz e e sp e c ially t he fact th at su ch e x ampl e s are

v e ry im p o r t ant in ind iv idu al p sych o logy ; th at c av iar is
a food fo r wh ich n e rvou s wo m e n fr e qu e ntly h av e an

e sp e c ial pr e d il e ct io n is a fact w e ll k no w n to t h e p sych o

,

anal ysist .

M is s M ill e r h as an e xtr ao rd inary facul t y fo r t ak ing

44 PSY C H OLOG Y OF TH E U N C ON S C I O US

p ,
e n but wh ich app ar e ntly com e from Chr ist ian Cyr ano .

is t h e m isu nd e rstoo d o ne whos e p ass io n at e lov e and ,

nobl e soul n o o ne su sp e cts ; t h e h e ro who s acr ific e s h im

s e l f fo r oth e rs and dy ing j ust in t h e e v e ning o f l if e

, , , ,

r e ads to h e r o n c e mor e Chr ist ian s l ast l e tt e r t h e v e rs e s ’

,

wh ich he h ims e l f h ad compos e d .

R ox ane , a d ieu j e vais ,

m ou rir !
C e st ’

po u r ccb ie n aim é e !
so ir, je c ro is, ma -

J ai l am e l o u rd e e nc o re d am o u r inex p rim é
’ ’ ’
.

E t j e m e u rs ! J am ais p l us j am ais m es y e u x g risé s , ,

M es re g ard s d o nt c é t ait l es fré m issant e s fet e s

’

N e b aise ro nt au v o l l es g est es q u e v o us fait e s ;

fam il ie r
’

J en rev o is u m p e t it qui v o us e st

P our t o u c he r v o t re fro nt et je v ou d rais c rier

Et j e c ri e
A d ieu M a c here m a c hé rie ,
M o n t ré so r—m o n am ou r !
-
,

M o n coeu r ne v o us qu it t a j am ais une sec o n e , d

E t j e su is e t j e se rai j usque d ans l m o nd e
’
au t re

C e l ui q ui v ou s aim e sans m e su re , c e ui l
Wh e r e up o n R ox ane r e cogniz e s in him t he r e al lov e d
o ne . I t is alr e ady too l at e ; d e ath com e s ; and in ago niz e d
d e l ir iu m Cyr ano r ais e s h ims e lf and dr aws his swo rd
, ,

J e c ro is, qu l l e’
e re g ar e d .

Q u e ll e ’
ose re g ar der mon ne z , la c am ar e d !
( I l l ev e so n é pé e ) .

Q ue d it e s v o us
- ? C e st
’
inut il e !
Je l e sais '

M ais o n ne d ans l espo ir du suc c es !

se b at p as
’

N on ! N on ! C e st b ie n pl us b e au l o rsqu e c est inut il e !

’ ’

—Q u est c c que c e st q ue t o us c eux l a?—Vous é t es m il le ?

,
’ ’
- -

Ah ! j e v o us reco nn ais, t o us m es v ie u x e nne m is !

L e m e nsonge !
( I l frappe de son é pé e le vid e ) .
 T H E M I LL ER P HA N TA S I ES 45

T ie ns t ie ns, ha ! ha ! l es C o m p rom is
'

, ,

L e s P rej ugé s, l es L ac h e t é s !
( l l frappe ) .

Q ue j e i
p ac t se
?

J am ais j am ais ! —
t e v o il a t o i l a S o t t ise !
Ah
—Je sais b ien qu a l a fi n v ous m e m et t rez ab as ;
, , , ,
’

N impo rt e : j e m e b at s ! j e m e b at s ! j e m e b at s !
’

O ui,
’
v o us m arrac he z t out , l e l au rie r et la ro se !
A rrache z ! 11 y a m al g ré vous q ue l q u e c ho se
Q ue j e m po rt e
’

, et ce so ir, qu and j
’
e nt re rai c he z

M on sa u t l b al aie ra l argem ent le se u il b le u .

Q ue l q ue c hose q ue sans u n pl i, sans u ne t ac he ,

J
’
e m po rt e m al g ré v o u s, e t
’
c es t —m on p anache .

Cyr ano who u nd e r t h e h at e ful e xt e r io r o f his b ody

,

hid a soul so mu ch mo r e b e aut iful is a y e ar ne r and o ne ,

m isu nd e rstood and h is l ast tr iu m p h is th at h e d e p arts

, ,

at l e ast w ith a cl e an sh ie ld
,
S an s un pl i e t s an s une
t ach e . T he id e nt ifi c at io n o f t h e autho r w ith t h e dy ing
Chr ist ian who in h ims e l f is a fi gu r e but l it tl e imp r e ss iv e
,

and sy m p ath e t ic e xp r e ss e s cl e arly th at a sudd e n e nd is

,

d e st ine d fo r h e r lov e ju st as fo r Chr ist ian s lov e T h e ’

.

tr agic int e r m e zz o w ith Chr ist ian how e v e r is pl ay e d as , ,

w e h av e s e e n upo n a b ackgrou n d o f mu ch w id e r signifi

c anc e v iz t he m isu nd e rstoo d lov e o f Cyr ano for
, .
,

R ox ane Th e r e fo r e t h e id e nt ifi c at io n w ith Chr ist ian

.
,

h as o nly t h e s ignifi c an c e o f a sub st itut e m e mory d e ck

e r inne ru ng and is r e ally int e n d e d fo r Cyr an o Th at .

th is is j u st wh at w e m ight e xp e ct w ill b e s e e n in t h e
furth e r cours e o f ou r analys is .

B e s id e s th is story o f id e nt ific at ion w ith Chr ist ian th e r e ,

follows as a furth e r e x am pl e an e xtr aord inar ily pl ast ic

46 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
m e m o ry o f t h e se a , e
vok e d by t h e s ight o f a phot o gr ap h o f
a st e am bo at o n t h e h igh s e a s J e s e n t is l e s
. puls at io n s
de s m ach ine s l e so ul é v e m e nt de s v agu e s l e b al an c e m e nt
, ,

du n av ir e .

W e m ay m e nt io n h e r e t h e supp o s it io n th at th e r e are
co nne ct e d w it h se a j o u r ne ys p ar t icul arly im pr e ss iv e and
stro ng m e m o r ie s wh ich p e ne tr at e d e e ply into t h e soul
an d g iv e an e sp e c ially stro n g ch a r a ct e r to t h e su rf ac e

m e m or ie s through u n co n sc iou s h ar m o ny To wh at e xt e n t .

t h e m e m or ie s a ssu m e d h e r e agr e e w ith t h e abov e m e n

t io n e d p robl e m w e sh all se e in t h e f o llow in g p ag e s .

Th is e x am pl e follow ing at t h is t im e is s in gul ar : O n c e

, , ,

wh il e in b ath ing M is s M ill e r wou nd a tow e l arou n d h e r

,

h air in o rd e r to p rot e ct it fro m a w e tt ing At t h e s am e

,
.

m o m e nt sh e h ad t h e follow ing stro n g im p r e ss io n

II me se m bl a q u e J e t ais su r u n p ié dé st al , u ne v é rit ab l e st at u e

é g y p t ie nne , av e c t o u s ses dé t ail s : m e m b re s d

rai es, un p ie d en

av an t , l a m ain t e nant de s insig nes, and so o n .

M is s M ill e r id e nt ifi e d h e rs e l f th e r e fo r e w ith , ,
an E gyp
t ian st atu e and n atur ally t h e fo u nd at io n fo r th is w as
,

a subj e ct iv e p r e t e n s io n Th at is t o say. I am l ik e an ,

E gypt ian st atu e j us t as st iff w o o d e n subl im e and im

, , ,

p as siv e qu al it ie s fo r wh ich t he E gypt ian st atu e is p ro

,

’
v e rb ial .O n e do e s n o t m ak e su ch an as se rt io n to o ne s
s e l f w ithout an inne r co m puls io n and t h e corr e ct fo r m ul a ,

m ight ju st as w e ll b e as st if
f wood e n e t c as an E gyp
, , ,
.
,

T h e s ight o f o ne s o wn
’
t ian st at u e I m ight in d e e d b e .

u ncloth e d body in a b ath h as u nd e ni abl e e ffe cts fo r t h e

ph ant asy wh ich c an b e se t at r e st by t he abov e fo r m ul a
,
.
2
48 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E U N C O N S C I O US
t uat e d thought and e mot ion al f e e l ing u nd e rly ing t h e
Chr ist ian mot if Just t h e r e v e rs e is t h e sugg e st iv e e ffe ct
.

o f t he ind iv idu al in an e sp e c ial c ap ac ity fo r co nc e ntr at ing

int e r e st ( th at is to say l ib ido ) upo n anoth e r p e rso n by
, ,

wh ich t he oth e r is u nconsc iou sly comp e ll e d to r e act io n

( t h e s am e o r oppo s e d ) T.h e m a j o r ity o f t h e e x ampl e s
co nc e r n c as e s wh e r e M iss M ill e r is put u nd e r t h e e ffe cts
o f sugg e stio n ; th at is to say wh e n t he l ib ido h as sp on
,

t ane o usly g aine d po ss e ss io n o f c e rt ain imp r e ss io n s and

,

th is is imposs ibl e if t h e l ib ido is d am m e d up to an un

u su al d e gr e e by t h e l ack o f appl ic at io n to r e al ity M iss
.

M ill e r s ob s e rv at io n s about sugg e st ib il ity in form u s

’
,

th e r e fo r e o f t he f act th at t h e autho r is pl e as e d to t e ll
,

u s in h e r follow ing ph ant as ie s som e th ing o f t he h istory

o f he r lov e .
 CHA P T E R I I I

TH E H Y M N O F C RE AT I O N

TH E s e co nd ch apt e r in M is s M ill e r s work is e nt itl e d ’

,

G lo ir e a D ie u P o em e o nir iqu e
. .

Wh e n tw e nty y e ars o f ag e M iss M ill e r took a lo ng ,

j ou r ne y through E urop e We l e av e t h e d e scr ipt io n o f it

.

to h e r

A ft e r a lo ng and ro u gh j ourney fro m N ew Yo rk to S t oc k

ho l m , fro m P e t e rsb u rg and O d essa
t he re t o it a t rue I fo und
—
,

l 1
l h w l d f i h b i d i i d
—
p e asu re t o e av e t e o r o n a t e c t e s an t o e n t e r

t he w o rl d o f w av es sky and sil e nc e, I st ay e d ho u rs l o ng o n d ec k

t o d re am st re t c he d ou t in a rec l ining c h air
, T he hist o rie s l e ge nd s
.
,

and m y t h s o f t he d if fe re n t c o unt rie s w h ic h I saw in t h e d ist ance ,

c am e b ac k t o m e ind ist inc t ly b l e nd e d t o ge t he r in a so rt o f

l uminous m ist in w h ic h t h ings l ost t he ir re al it y w h il e t h e d re am s
, ,

and t ho u gh t s al o ne t o o k o n so m e w h at t he app e aranc e o f re al it y .

At fi rst I ev e n av o id e d al l c o m p any and k e p t t o m y se l f l ost

, ,

w ho ll y in m y d re am s w he re all t hat I k new o f g re at b e au t iful

, ,

and goo d c am e b ac k int o m y c o nsc io usne ss w it h new st re ng t h and

ne w l ife . I also e m p l o y e d a g re at p art o f m y t im e w ri t i ng t o m y

d ist ant frie nd s re ad ing and sk e t c hing o u t sho rt po em s ab o ut t he
,

re g io ns v isit e d S om e o f t hese poem s w ere o f a ve ry se rio us

.

”
c h arac t e r.

I t m ay s e e m sup e rfluou s p e rh ap s to e nt e r int im at e ly

, ,

into al l th e s e d e t ails I f w e r e c all how e v e r t h e r e m ark

.
, ,

m ad e abov e ,
—
th at wh e n p e opl e let
th e ir u nco ns c iou s
sp e ak th e y alw ays t e ll u s
, t he m ost import ant th ings o f
49
so PSY CH OLOG Y OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
—
th e ir int im at e s e lv e s th e n e v e n t h e s m all e st d e t ail ap
p e ars to h av e m e aning V alu abl e p e rso n al it ie s inv ar iably
.

t e ll u s through th e ir u nco nsc iou s th ings th at are g e ne r

, ,

ally v alu abl e so t h at p at ie nt in t e r e s t is r e w ard e d

, .

M iss M ill e r d e scr ib e s h e r e a st at e o f introv e rs io n .

Aft e r t h e l ife o f t h e c it ie s w ith th e ir m any im pr e ss io ns

h ad b e e n ab so rb ing h e r int e r e st ( w ith th at alr e ady dis
cu ss e d str e ngth o f sugg e st io n wh ich pow e r fully e n forc e d
t h e im pr e ss io n ) sh e br e ath e d fr e e ly upo n t h e oc e an and ,

a ft e r so m any e xt e r n al im p r e ss io n s b e c am e e ngross e d
,

wholly in t h e int e r nal w ith int e nt io n al ab str act io n from

t h e su rrou n d ings so th at th ings lost th e ir r e al ity and
,

dr e am s b e c am e truth W e k n ow fro m p sychop athology

.

th at c e rt ain m e nt al d isturb an c e s e x ist wh ich are fi rst

2

m anif e st e d by t he in d iv idu als shutt ing th e m s e lv e s o ff

slowly m o r e and m or e from r e al ity an d s ink ing into
,
’
, ,

th e ir ph ant as ie s dur ing wh ich p ro c e ss in p roport io n as

, ,

t h e r e al ity los e s it s hold t h e inne r world g ain s in r e al it y

,

an d d e t e r m inin g pow e r Th is p ro c e s s l e ads to a c e rt ain

.
3

po int ( wh ich v ar ie s w ith t h e ind iv idu al ) wh e n t h e p a

t ie nt s sudd e nly b e co m e m or e or l e ss co n sc iou s o f th e ir

s e p ar at io n fro m r e al ity Th e e v e n t wh ich th e n e nt e rs

.

is t h e p atholog ic al e xc it at io n : t h at is to say t h e p at ie nts ,

b e g in t o tu r n tow ard s t h e e nv iro nm e nt w ith d is e as e d ,

v ie ws ( t o b e su r e ) wh ich how e v e r st ill r e p r e s e nt t h e

, ,

co m p e n sat ing al t hough u nsu cc e ss ful at t e m pt at tr ans

, ,

fe r e nce .
4
T h e m e t h o d s o f r e act io n are n atu r ally v e ry , ,

d iffe r e nt I w ill no t co n c e r n m ys e l f m or e clo s e ly about

.

th is h e r e .

Th is typ e app e ars to b e g e ne r ally a psycholog ic al rul e

52 PS YC H OLOGY OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
b e auté d e s o ffi cie rs and so on d im inish e s t h e s e r iousn e s s
,
’
,

o f t h e im pr e ss io n it is tru e T h e assumpt io n how e v e r

,
.
, ,

th at t h e im pr e ss io n op e nly influ e nc e d t h e mood v e ry

m u ch is support e d by t h e f act th at a po e m up o n a subj e ct
,

o f su ch an e rot ic ch ar act e r c am e forth im m e d iat e ly ,

B r ine w ine and d ams e ls fine and in t h e Sing e r s hono r

, ,
’
.

O ne is o nly too e as ily in cl ine d to t ak e su ch an impr e ss ion

l ightly and o ne ad m its so gl adly t he st at e m e nts o f t h e
,

p art ic ip ato rs wh e n th e y r e p r e s e nt e v e ryth ing as s impl e

and not at all s e r iou s I dw e ll upo n th is im p r e ss io n at
.

l e ngth b e c au s e it is import ant to know th at an e rot ic im

,

pr e ss io n a ft e r su ch an introv e rs io n h as a d e e p e ffe ct and ,

is u nd e rv alu e d p oss ibly by M iss M ill e r T h e sudd e nly

, , .

p as s ing s ickn e ss is ob scu r e and ne e ds a p sycholog ic int e r

p re t at io n wh ich c annot b e tou ch e d up on h e r e b e c au s e o f
l ack o f d at a T h e ph e nom e n a now to b e d e scr ib e d c an
.

o nly b e e xpl ain e d as ar is ing from a d istu rb anc e wh ich

r e ach e s to t he v e ry d e pths o f h e r b e ing .

F rom N apl es to L ivo rno t he sh ip t ra ve ll e d fo r a nigh t ,

d uring w h ich I sl ep t m o re o r l e ss w e l l —m y sl eep how eve r is

,

, , ,

se l d o m d e e p o r d re am l e ss I t se e m e d t o m e as if m y m o t he r s
’
.

vo ic e w akene d m e j ust at t h e e nd o f t he fo ll ow ing d re am At

, .

fi rst I h ad a v ague c o nc e p t io n o f t he w o rd s W he n t h e m o rning ,

st ars sang t o g e t h e r w h ic h w e re t he p rael u d ium o f a c e rt ain c o n

’
,

fuse d rep rese nt at io n o f c re at io n and o f t h e m igh t y c ho ral s re

so u n d ing t h ro u gh t h e u niv e rse I n sp it e o f t h e st rang e c o nt ra
.
,

d ic t o ry and c o nfuse d c h arac t e r w hich is p e c ul iar t o t he d re am ,

t he re w as m ingl e d in it t h e c h o ru s o f an o rat o rio w h ic h h as b ee n

g iv e n b y o n e o f t h e fo re m ost m u sic al so c ie t ie s o f N e w Y o rk an d ,

w it h t h at w e re al so m e m o rie s o f M il t o n s P arad ise Lo st T he n

’ ’
.

fro m o u t o f t h is w h irl t he re sl o w l y e m e rg e d c e rt ain w o rd s w h ic h

, ,

arrang e d t h e m sel v es int o t h ree st ro ph e s and ind e e d t he y se e m e d , ,

 T H E HYM N O F C RE AT I O N 53

to b e in m y ow n h and w rit ing o n o rd inary b l ue l ine d w rit ing p ape r -

o n a p ag e o f m y o l d p o e t ry b oo k w h ic h I al w ay s c arrie d aro u n d w it h

m e ; in sho rt , t he y ap p e are d to me e x ac t l y as so m e m inu t e s l at e r

”
t hey w e re in re al it y in m y bo ok .

M is s M ill e r wrot e down t h e follow ing po e m

no w ,

wh ich sh e r e arr ang e d som e wh at a fe w months l at e r to ,

m ak e it mor e n e arly in h e r op in io n l ik e t he dr e am
, ,

o r igin al .

When t he E t e rnal fi rst m ad e S o und

A myriad e ars sp rang o ut t o he ar ,

And t h ro ugho u t all t he U niv e rse

There ro l l e d an ec ho d eep and c l e ar

All gl o ry t o t he G od of S o u nd !
When t he E t e rnal fi rst m ad e L ight
A m y riad e y es sp rang o u t t o l oo k ,

And h e aring e ars and see ing e y es

O nc e m o re a m i ght y c ho ral t oo k
All gl o ry t o t he G od of L ight !
W hen t he E t e rnal fi rst g av e Love
A myriad he art s sp rang int o l ife ;
E ars fi l l e d w it h music , e y es w it h l ight ;
P e al e d fo rt h w it h he art s w it h l ov e all rife
”
All g lo ry t o t he G od of Lo v e !

B e fo r e we t r upon M is s M ill e r s att e mpt to b r ing

en e
’

to l ight through h e r supp os it io ns t he root o f th is sub 5

l im inal cr e at io n we w ill att e mpt a short analyt ic surv e y

,

o f t he m at e r ial alr e ady in ou r po ss e ss io n T h e im p r e s .

s io n o n t he sh ip h as alr e ady b e e n prop e rly e m p h as iz e d ,

so th at we ne e d h av e n o furth e r d iffi culty in g aining p o s

s e ss io n o f t h e dynam ic p roc e ss wh ich brought about th is
p o e t ic al r e v e l at io n I t was m ad e cl e ar in t he p r e c e d in g
.
54 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E U N C O N S C I O US
p ar agr aphs th at M is s M ill e r p oss ibly h ad no t inc o nsid
e rab l y u n d e rv alu e d t h e im p o rt an c e o f t h e e rot ic im pr e s

s io n Th is a ssu m pt io n g ain s in p r o b ab il ity t hrough e x

.

p e rie n ce, wh ich shows th at v e,ry g e n e r ally r e l at iv e ly ,

w e ak e rot ic im p r e ss io ns are gr e atly u nd e rv alu e d O ne .

c an se e th is b e st in c as e s wh e r e tho s e co n c e r n e d e ith e r ,

fro m soc ial or m or al grou nds co ns id e r an e rot ic r e l at ion

,

a s so m e th in g qu it e impo ss ibl e ; fo r e x am pl e p ar e nts and ,

ch ildr e n br o th e rs and s ist e rs r e l at io n s ( homos e xu al )

, ,

b e tw e e n old e r and you ng e r m e n and s o o n I f t he im ,

.

p r e s s io n is r e l at iv e ly sl ight th e n it do e s n o t e x ist at al l
,

fo r t h e p art ic ip ators ; if t h e im p r e ss io n is stro ng th e n a ,

t r ag ic d e p e nd e n c e a r is e s wh ich m ay r e sult in so m e gr e at
,

n o n s e n s e or b e c arr ie d to any e xt e n t
, Th is l ack o f u nd e r
.

st an d ing c an go u nb e l ie v ably far ; m oth e rs who se e t he ,

fi rst e r e ct io n s o f t h e s m all so n in th e ir o wn b e d a s ist e r ,

who h al f pl ayfully e m br ac e s h e r broth e r a t w e nty y e ar

-
,
-

old d aught e r who st ill s e ats h e rs e l f o n h e r f ath e r s l ap ’

,

and th e n h as str ang e s e ns at io ns in h e r abdo m e n .

Th e y are all m or ally ind ignant to t h e h igh e st d e gr e e if

o ne sp e aks o f s e xu al ity . F inally ou r whol e e duc at io n
,

is c arr ie d o n w ith t h e t ac it agr e e m e nt to k now as l ittl e

as po ssibl e o f t h e e r o t ic an d to spr e ad abro ad t h e d e e p e st
,

ig nor an c e in r e g ard to it . I t is n o wo nd e r th e r e fo r e , ,

th at t h e judgm e nt in punc t o o f t h e im p o rt an c e o f an
, ,

e rot ic im pr e s si o n l s g e n e r ally u n s a f e an d in ad e qu at e .

M is s M ill e r w as u nd e r t h e influ e n c e o f a d e e p e ro t ic
im p r e ssio n a s w e h av e se e n
,
B e c au se o f t h e sum to t al
.
-

o f t h e fe e l in gs a rou s e d by th is it do e s n o t s e e m th at th is
,

im p r e ss io n w as m or e t h an d im ly r e al iz e d fo r t h e dr e am ,
56 PSY C H OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS

th at fo r t h e ind iv idu al t h e p ass ing from t h e n arrow c ircl e

o f t h e f am ily into t h e w id e r c ircl e o f hu m an so c ie ty m ay
b e s im pl e r o r m ad e e as ie r .

I n t h e l igh t o f t h is r e fl e ct io n w e c an se e in t h e po e m
, ,

and it s P r ae lud iu m t h e r e l ig iou s p o e t ic ally for m e d

, ,

produ ct o f an introv e rs ion d e p e nd ing upo n t h e su rrog at e

o f t he F ath e r I m ago
-
I n sp it e o f t he inco m pl e t e ap
.

p e rc e pt io n o f t he e ffe ctu al impr e s s io n e ss e nt ial compo ,

ne nt p arts o f th is are includ e d in t h e id e a o f comp e ns a

t io n as m arks s o to sp e ak o f it s o r ig in ( P fist e r h as
, , , .

co in e d for th is t h e str i k ing e xpr e ss ion L aw o f t h e Re ,

tur n o f t he T h e e ffe ctu al imp r e ss ion w as

th at o f t he o ffi c e r s ing ing in t h e n ight w atch Wh e n t h e ,

mo r ning st ars s ang toge th e r T h e id e a o f th is O p e n e d

.

a ne w world to t h e g irl ( Cr
. e a t ion ) .

Th is cr e ato r h as cr e at e d to ne th e n l ight and th e n

, ,

lov e Th at t he first to b e cr e at e d should h av e b e e n ton e

.
,

c an b e m ad e cl e ar o nly ind iv idu ally fo r th e r e is no cos

,

m o g o ny e xc e pt t h e G nos is o f H e rm e s a g e ne r ally qu it e ,

u nknown syst e m wh ich would h av e su ch t e nd e nc ie s B ut

, .

no w w e m ight v e ntur e a conj e ctur e wh ich is alr e ady ap ,

p ar e nt and wh ich soon w ill b e p rov e n thoroughly v iz

, ,
.
,

t h e follow ing ch ain o f asso c iat io n s : t h e s ing e r — t h e s ing

— —
ing m o r ning st ars t h e G o d o f to ne t h e Cr e ato r t h e —
—
G od o f L ight ( o f t h e sun ) ( o f t h —
e fi re ) a nd o f L ov e -
.

T h e l inks o f th is ch ain are p rov e n by t he m at e r ial w ith ,

t h e e xc e pt io n o f sun and fire wh ich I put in p ar e nth e s e s

, ,

but wh ich how e v e r w ill b e prov e n through wh at follows

, ,

in t h e furth e r cou rs e o f t h e analys is All o f th e s e e xpr e s

.
~

s io ns w ith o ne e xc e pt io n b e lo ng to e rot ic sp e e ch
, , My .
 TH E H YM N OF C RE AT I ON 57

G od st ar l ight ; my
, , o f lov e fi e ry lov e e t c )
sun , fire , , .

Cr e ato r app e ars ind ist inct at fi rst but b e co m e s u nd e r ,

st and ab l e through t h e r e fe r e n c e to t h e u n d e rt o n e o f E ro s ,

t o t he v ibr at ing chord o f N atu r e wh ich att e m pts to r e ne w ,

it se l f in e v e ry p air o f lov e rs and aw aits t h e wo nd e r o f ,

cr e at io n .

M is s M ill e r h ad t ak e n p ain s to d isclo s e t he u nco nsc iou s

cr e at io n o f h e r m ind to h e r u nd e rst and ing and ind e e d , ,

through a p roc e du r e wh ich agr e e s in p r in c ipl e w ith

p sycho analys is and th e r e for e l e ads to t h e s am e r e sults
, , ,

as p sycho analys is B ut as u su ally h app e ns w ith l aym e n

.
,

and b e g inne rs M iss M ill e r b e c au s e she h ad no k nowl

, ,

e dg e o f psycho an alys is l e ft o ff at t h e thoughts wh ich

,

ne c e ss ar ily br ing t h e d e e p compl e x ly ing at t h e bottom

o f it to l ight in an ind ir e ct th at is to say c e nsor e d m an , ,

ne r . M or e th an th is a s impl e m e thod m e r e ly t h e c arry

, ,

ing out o f t h e thought to it s co nclu s io n is su ffi c ie nt to dis ,

cov e r t he m e aning M is s M ill e r fi nds it asto nish ing th at

.

h e r u nco nsc iou s ph ant asy do e s no t follow ing t h e M o s aic ,

a ccount o f cr e at io n put l ight in t h e fi rst pl ac e inst e ad o f

, ,

N ow follows xpl anat ion th e o r e t ic ally constru ct e d

an e ,

and corr e ct ad ho c t h e hollow ne s s o f wh ich is how e v e r

, , ,

ch ar act e r ist ic o f all s im il ar att e mpts at e xpl anat ion Sh e .

I t is p e rh aps int e rest ing t o rec al l t h at A nax ago ras al so h ad

t he C o sm os arise o u t o f c h ao s t h ro ugh a so rt o f w h irl w in d , w h ic h
d oes no t h appe n u su all y w it ho u t p ro d u c ing so u n d .
8
B ut at t h is

t im e I h ad st u d ie d no ph il o so ph y , and k new no t hing e it h e r of

A nax ago ras or of his t he o rie s b

a out t he w hic h I , u nc o n

sc iousl y, w as o p e nl y fo ll o w ing . At t h at t im e , a so , l I w as e qually

58 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I O U S
in c omp et e l ig no ranc e of Le ib nit z , an d, t h e re fo re , k new no t h ing

of h is d oc t rine du m D e us c al c u at , l fi t m u nd u s .
’

M iss M ill e r s r e fe r e n c e s to A nax ag o r as

’
to L e ib and

n itz bo t h r e fe r t o cr e at io n by m e an s o f t hough t ; t h at is

to say th at d iv ine thought alo ne could br ing forth a ne w

,

m at e r ial r e al ity a r e fe r e n c e at firs t no t int e ll ig ibl e but

, ,

wh ich w ill soo n how e v e r b e m o r e e as ily u nd e rstood

, , .

W e no w com e to tho s e f anc ie s fro m wh ich M iss M ill e r

p r inc ip ally dr e w h e r u nco nsc iou s cr e at io n .

In t he fi rst p l ac e ,
t h e re is t he
‘
P arad ise L o st b y M il t o n ’
,

w h ic h w e h ad at h o m e in t he e d it io n ill u st rat e d b y D o ré , and

w h ic h h ad o ft e n d e l igh t e d m e fro m c h il d ho o d . T he n t he B o ok
ob w h ic h h ad b e e n re ad al o u d sin c e t h e t im e o f my
’
of J ,
to me
e arl ie st re c o l ec t io n
l . M o reov e r ,
if o ne c o m p ares t he fi rst w o rd s
of
‘
P arad ise Lo st ’
w it h m y fi rst v e rse , o ne no t ic es t h at t h e re

is t h e sam e v e rse m e asu re .

O f m an fi rst d iso b e d ie nc e
’
s

Whe n t he E t e rn al fi rst m ad e so u n d .
’

My poe m al so rec al l s v ario u s p assag e s in Job , and o ne o r two

p l aces in H and el s O rat o rio T he C re at io n

’ ‘

,
’
w h ic h c am e o ut
” 9
v e ry in d ist inc t l y in t h e fi rst p art o f t h e d re am .

Th e L ost P ar ad is e
wh ich as is w e ll known is so , ,

clo s e ly co nne ct e d w it h t h e b e g inning o f t he wo rld is ,

m ad e m or e cl e arly e v id e n t by t h e v e rs e

O f m an fi rst d isob e d ie nc e
’
s

wh ich is co nc e r ne d e v id e ntly w ith t h e f all t h e m e aning ,

o f wh ich n e e d n o t b e show n any furth e r I kn ow t h e .

obj e c t io n wh ich e v e ry o n e u nacqu aint e d w it h p sycho

an alys is w ill r ais e v iz th at M iss M ill e r m ight ju st as
, .
,

w e ll h av e cho se n any oth e r v e r se as an e x am pl e and t h at , ,

a cc id e nt ally sh e h ad t ak e n t h e fi rs t o ne th at h app e n e d
,
60 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C O N S C I OUS
th e ir inno c c g st en e a ain
x ist e nt att acks ; how e v e r o ne
no n- e ,

d iscov e rs at a clos e r e x am inat io n th at t he p at ie nt wh il e ,

h e app ar e ntly d e f e nds his innoc e nc e w ithout r e ason fulfils ,

w ith th at a De ckhandlung t he e ne rgy fo r wh ich ar is e s ,

from j u st thos e impuls e s W hos e s inful ch ar act e r is re

,

v e al e d by t he cont e nts o f t he p r e te nd e d r e p ro ach and

c alu m ny .

Job suffe r e d doubly on o ne s id e through t he lo ss o f his

,

fortun e o n t he o t h e r through t he l ack o f und e rst and ing

,

in his fr ie nds ; t h e l att e r can b e s e e n throughout t h e book .

T h e su ffe r ing o f t h e m isund e rst o o d r e c alls t h e figur e o f

—
Cyr ano de B e rg e r ac he to o su ffe r e d doubly on o ne s id e ,

through hop e l e s s lov e on t h e oth e r s id e through m is

,

und e rst an d in g H e f alls as w e h av e s e e n in t h e l ast hop e

.
, ,

l e s s b attl e ag ainst L e M e nso ng e l e s Comprom is l e s , ,

P re j ug é s l e s L ach t é s e t l a S ott is e
, e — O ui V ou s m ar .
,
’

rach e z tout l e l au r ie r e t l a ros e !

Job l am e nts
G od d el iv e re t h me t o t he u ngo d ly ,

And c ast e t h m e int o t he h and s of t he w ic k e d ,

I w as at e ase , and he b rak e me asu nd er ;
Y e a, he h at h k
t a en me b y t he ne c k and d ashe d
, me t o pie e cs
H e hat h al so se t me up fo r his m ark .

H is ar c h e rs c o m pass me r o un d ab o u t ;

He l
c e av e t h m y re ins asu nd e r, and d o t h no t sp are ;
He o u re t h o u t m y g all u p o n t h e g ro u nd
p .

He b re ak e t h m e w it h b re ac h u pon b re ach ;
He ru nne t h u po n me l ik e a g a t
i n — J ob xv i:
.
”
1 1 -
1 5 .

T he lo gy o f f e e l ing l ie s in t he su ffe r ing o f t he hop e

ana

l e ss struggl e ag ainst t h e m or e pow e r ful I t is as if th is .

co nfl ict w e r e accomp anie d fro m a f ar by t he sou nds o f

 TH E HY M N OF C RE AT I ON 61

cr e at io n wh ich br ings up a b e aut iful and myst e r iou s

,

im ag e b e lo ng ing to t h e u n consc iou s and wh ich h as no t ,

y e t forc e d it s w a y up to t h e l ight o f t h e upp e r wo rld .

W e surm is e r ath e r th an know th at th is b attl e h as r e ally

, ,

som e th ing to do w ith cr e at io n w ith t h e struggl e s b e tw e e n

,

T h e r e f e r e nc e s to Ro st and s
’
n e g at io n s an d af fi rm at io ns .

Cyr ano through t he id e nt ific at ion w ith Ch r ist ian to ,

’
M ilton s P ar ad is e L o st to t h e so rrows o f Job m is
“
, ,

und e rstood by his fr ie nds b e tr ay pl ainly th at in t h e soul

,

o f t h e po e t som e th ing w as id e nt ifi e d w ith th e s e id e as She .

also h as su f fe r e d l ik e Cyr ano an d Job h as lost p ar ad is e , ,

and dr e ams o f cr e at ion — cr e at ion by m e ans o f thought

,

-
fru it ion through t he wh irlw ind o f An ax ago r as .
1 2

W e once mo r e subm it ou rs e lv e s to M iss M ill e r s ’

gu id anc e

I re m e m b er t hat w he n fi ft ee n r
y a s
e o l d, I w as o nc e v er y
muc h st irre d d al o u d t o m e b y m y m o t he r
u p o v e r an art ic l e , re a ,

c o ncerning t h e id e a w h ic h spo nt an e o u sl y p ro d u ce d it s o bj ec t I .

w as so e x c it e d t h at I c o u l d no t sl e e p al l nigh t b e c ause o f t h ink ing

o v e r and ov e r ag ain w h at t h at c o ul d m e an .

F rom t he age o f nine t o six t ee n I w ent ev e ry S u nd ay t o a

,

P resbyt e rian C hu rc h in ch arg e o f w h ic h at t h at t ime w as a v e ry

, , ,

c u l t u re d m inist e r I n o ne o f t h e e arl ie st m em o rie s w h ic h I h av e

.

re t aine d o f h im I see m y sel f as a v e ry sm al l g irl sit t ing in a

,

v e ry l arg e p e w c o nt inu all y e nd e av o ring t o k e ep m yse l f aw ak e and

,

a
p y a t t e nt io n,w it h o u t in t h e l e ast b e ing ab l e t o u nd e rst and
w h at he m e ant w he n he sp o k e t o u s o f C h ao s C osm os and t he ,

G ift of Love ( do n

Th e r e are also r ath e r e arly m e mo r ie s o f t h e aw ak e n

ing o f pub e rty ( nin e to s ixt e e n ) wh ich h av e co nn e c t e d
t h e id e a o f t h e cosmo s spr ing ing fro m ch aos w it h t h e
62 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
T h e m e d iu m in
wh ich th e s e assoc iat io n s
’
do n d am ou r .

o ccu r is t h e m e m o ry o f a c e rt ain v e ry m uch h o n o r e d

e ccl e s iast ic who spok e t h o s e d a rk w o rds F ro m t h e s am e .

p e r iod o f t im e co m e s t h e r e m e m br anc e o f th at e xc it e m e nt
about t h e id e a o f t h e cr e at iv e thought wh ich from
its e lf p rodu c e d it s obj e ct H e r e are two w ays o f cr e a
.

t io n int im at e d : t h e cr e at iv e th o ught and t h e m yst e r ious ,

r e f e r e n c e t o t h e do n d am ou r ’
.

At t h e t im e wh e n I h ad no t ye t u nd e rstood t h e natur e
o f p sych o an alys is I h ad a fo rtu n at e opportu nit y o f w in
,

ning through c o nt inu al ob s e rv at io n a d e e p ins ight into

t h e soul o f a fi ft e e n y e ar old g irl -

Th e n I d iscov e r e d
-
.
,

w ith asto nishm e nt wh at t h e co nt e nts o f t h e u nco n sc iou s

,

ph ant as ie s are and how far r e m ov e d th e y are fro m tho s e

,

wh ich a g irl o f th at ag e shows outw ardly Th e r e are .

w id e r e ach ing ph ant as ie s o f t ruly m y t h ic al fru it ful ne ss

-
.

T h e g irl w as in t h e spl it o ff ph ant asy t h e r ac e m oth e r

,
-

,
-

”
o f u n cou nt e d p e opl e s I f w e d e du ct t h e po e t ic ally
.

spok e n ph ant asy o f t h e girl e l e m e nts are l e ft wh ich at

,
,

th at ag e are co mm o n to all g irls fo r t h e unco ns c iou s c o n ,

t e nt is t o an in fi n it e ly gr e at e r d e gr e e co m mo n t o al l m an

k ind th an t h e c o nt e nt o f t h e ind iv idu al c o n sc iou sne ss .

F o r I t I S t h e co nd e ns at io n o f th at wh ich is h istor ic ally t he

av e r ag e and o rd in ary .

M iss M ill e r s p r o b le m at th is ag e w as t he co mm o n
’

”
hu m an probl e m : H ow am I t o b e cr e at iv e ? N atu r e
k nows b ut o ne an sw e r t o th at : Thr o ugh t h e ch ild ( do n
B u t how is t h e ch ild at t aine d Here
“
?

t h e t e rr ify ing p robl e m e m e rg e s wh ich as ou r an aly t ic , ,

e xp e r ie n c e shows is co nn e ct e d w it h t h e f ath e r wh e r e “
, ,
64 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E U N C O N S C I O US
W e would show but sl ight ju st ic e how e v e r to , ,
t he in
or ig inal ity o f ou r autho r if w e w e r e s at isfi e d
t e l l e ct ual ,

to tr ac e b ack t h e com m ot io n o f th at sl e e pl e ss night ab so

l ut e l y and e nt ir e ly to t h e s e xu al probl e m in a narrow
s e ns e Th at would b e but o ne h alf and truly to m ak e
.
-

, ,

u se o f t h e myst ic s e xpr e ss io n o nly t h e u n d e r h alf T he

’
.
,

oth e r h alf is t he int e ll e ctu al subl im at io n wh ich str iv e s ,

t o m ak e tru e in it s o wn w ay t h e am b iguou s e xpr e ss io n o f

t h e id e a wh ich p roduc e s it s obj e ct spo nt an e ou sly ,

id e al c r e a t io n f
in pl ac e o the r e al .

I n su ch an int e ll e c t u al acco m pl ish m e nt o f an e v id e ntly

v e ry c ap abl e p e rso n al ity t h e p ro sp e ct o f a sp ir itu al fru it
,

ful ne s s is som e th ing wh ich is wo rthy o f t h e h igh e st as

p ir a t io n s i
,
n c e fo r m a n y it w ill b e co m e a n e c e ss ity o f l if e .

Also th is s id e o f t h e ph ant asy e xpl ain s to a gr e at e x ,

t e nt t h e e xc it e m e nt fo r it is a thought w ith a p r e s e nt i
, ,

m e nt o f t h e futur e ; o ne o f tho s e thoughts wh ich ar is e ,

’
to use o ne o f M ae t e rl inck s e xp r e ss io ns fro m t he in ,
1 6

co nsc ie nt sup ér ie u r t h at pro sp e ct iv e pot e n cy o f sub

,
“

”
l im inal comb inat io ns .

I h av e h ad t h e opportu nity o f obs e rv ing c e rt ain c as e s

o f ne uros e s o f y e ars dur at io n in wh ich at t h e t im e o f
’
, ,

t h e b e g inning o f t h e ill ne s s o r shortly b e fo r e a dr e am ,

o ccu rr e d o ft e n o f v is io nary cl ar it y
, Th is im pr e ss e d .

it s e l f ine xt ingu ish ably upo n t h e m e m ory an d in analys is ,

r e v e al e d a h idd e n m e aning to t h e p at ie nt wh ich ant ic i

p at e d t h e sub s eq u e nt e v e nts o f l if e ; t h at is to say th e ir ,

psycholog i c m e aning I am incl ine d to gr ant t h is m e an

.
1 8

ing to t h e co mm ot io n o f th at r e stl e ss n ight b e c au s e t h e ,

r e sult ing e v e nts o f l if e in so far as M iss M ill e r co n

,
 TH E HYM N O F C RE AT I O N 65

scio u sl y an du nco n s c iou sly u nv e ils th e m to u s are e nt ir e ly ,

o f a n atur e to co nfir m t h e suppo s it io n th at th at mom e nt

is to b e co ns id e r e d as t h e inc e pt io n and p r e s e nt im e nt o f
a subl im at e d aim in l if e .

M iss M ill e r co nclud e s t he l ist o f he r f anc ie s w ith t h e

follow ing r e m arks

T he d re am see m e d to me to com e fro m a m ix t u re o f t he

re p re se n t at o n i of P arad ise Ifi st ,
’ ‘

Job ,
’
and C re at io n ,
’
w it h
id e as su c h as t h o u gh t w hic h sp o nt ane o u s ly p ro d uces it s o bj e c t
‘
t he g ift o f l o e , v ’
c h aos , and c o sm o s .
’

I n t he s am e w ay as color e d spl int e rs o f gl as s are com

b ine d in a k al e idoscop e in h e r m in d fr agm e nts o f ph ilo s
,

o p hy, aesth e t ics and r e l ig ion would s e e m to b e comb ine d

d
u n e r t h e st im u at ing l infl ue nc e o f t he j o u rne y , and t he c oun

t rie s hu rrie d l y se e n , c o m b ine d w it h t h e gre at l

si e nc e an d t he ind e
b b l e c harm
sc ri a o f t h e se a Ce fut q ue l rie n de pl us
’
'

. ne ce a e t .

O nl y t his and , no t h ing m o re !

W ith th e s e words M iss M ill e r shows u s out pol it e ly

, ,

and e ne rg e t ic ally H e r p art ing wo rds in h e r n e g at io n

.
,

con fi rm e d ov e r ag ain in E ngl ish l e av e b e h ind a cur ios ity ; ,

v iz wh at pos it io n is to b e ne g at e d by th e s e words ?
.
,
Ce
ne fut que c e l a e t r ie n d e plu s —th at is to say r e ally , ,

o ly
n l e ch arm e im p alp abl e d e l a m e r — an d t h e you ng

m an who s ang m e lod iou sly dur ing t he night w atch is lo ng

s inc e forgott e n and no o ne is to know l e ast o f all t h e
, ,

dr e am e r th at h e w as a m or ning st ar who c am e b e fo r e
, ,

t h e cr e at io n o f a ne w d ay O ne should t ak e c ar e l e st
19
.

h e s at is fy h im s e lf and t h e r e ad e r w ith a s e nt e nc e su ch as
cc ne fut que c e l a O th e rw is e it m ight im m e d iat e ly
.
,
66 PSY C H OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
h app e n th at o ne would b e co m e d isturb e d ag ain Th is
-
.

o ccu rs to M iss M ill e r too s inc e she allow e d an E ngl ish ,

qu o t at io n to follow O nly th is and no t h ing m or e

, , ,

w ithout giv in g t h e sourc e it is tru e T h e quot at io n co m e s

, .

fro m an unu su ally e ffe ct iv e po e m T h e R av e n by P o e , .

T h e l ine r e f e rr e d to occurs in t h e follow ing :

Wh il e I no dd e d ,
ne ar ly n ap p ing , su dd e nl y t h e re c am e a t app ing

As o f so m e o ne g e nt l y rap p ing , rapp ing at my c h am b e r doo r

T is so m e v isit o r,
’
I m u t t e re d , t app ing at my c h am b er d oor
O nl y t his, an d no t h in g m o re .
”

T he sp e ctr al r av e n kno cks nightly at h is doo r and

r e m inds t h e p o e t o f h is irr e voc ably lost L e nor e T he .

’
r av e n s nam e is N e v e r m or e and as a r e fr ain to e v e ry ,

v e rs e h e cro aks h is horr ibl e N e v e rmor e O ld m e m .

o rie s co m e b ack tor m e nt ingly and t h e sp e ctr e r e p e ats in ,

e x o rab ly N e v e r m or e T h e po e t s e e ks in v ain to
.

fr ight e n aw ay t h e d is m al gu e st ; h e c alls to t h e r av e n

w o rd of b ird fi e nd I ked
’
Be t h at o u r sig n p art ing , or , sh rie ,

u pst art ing

b ac k int o t he t e m p est and t he nigh t s P l u t o nian sho re !

G e t t he e
’

Le av e no b l ac k pl um e as a t o ke n o f t hat l ie t hy so u l h at h spok e n !
Le av e m y l o ne l iness u nb ro k e n qu it t he b u st ab ov e m y d oo r !
T ak e t hy b e ak fro m o u t m y he art an d t ake t hy fo rm fromo ff
,

m y d oo r !
Q uo t h t h e rav e n N ev e rm o re , .

Th at quot at io n wh ich app ar e ntly sk ip s l ightly ov e r

, , ,

t h e sit u at io n O nly t h is and n o th ing m o r e co m e s fro m

, , ,

a t e xt wh ich d e p icts in an af fe ct ing m anne r t h e d e sp air

ov e r t h e lo st L e n or e Th at quot at io n also m isl e ads ou r
.

p o e t in t h e most str iking m anne r Th e r e for e she u nd e r .

,
68 P SY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
t he tortu r e s o f Job who su ffe r e d u n d e r t h e p ow e r o f
,

S at an and o f G od and who h im s e lf w ithout su sp e ct ing it

, , ,

b e c am e a pl ayth ing o f t h e sup e rhum an forc e s wh ich w e

n o lo ng e r c o n s id e r as m e t aphys ic al b ut as m e t ap syc h o
,

log ic al . F au st also o ffe rs u s t h e s am e e xh ib it io n o f

’
G o d s w ag e r .

M ephist ophe l e s
What w il l yo u b e t ? The re s
’
st ill a c h anc e t o g ain h im
I f u nt o m e full l e av e yo u g iv e
G ent l y upo n m y ro ad t o t rain h im !

S at an
B u t pu t fo rt h t h ine h and now , and t o uc h all t h at he hat h
—
,

and h e w ill c u rse t h ee t o t hy fac e J ob i : 1 1 .

Wh il e in Job t h e two gr e at t e nd e nc ie s are ch ar act e r

iz e d s imply as good and b ad t h e probl e m in F au st is a
,

p ro nou nc e dly e rot ic o ne ; v iz t h e b attl e b e tw e e n subl im a

.
,

t io n and e ro s in wh ich t he D e v il is str ik ingly ch ar act e r

,

iz e d through t h e fitt ing rOl e o f t h e e rot ic t e m pt e r T he .

e rot ic is l ack ing in Job ; at t h e s am e t im e Job is no t c o n

sc iou s o f t h e co nfl ict w ith in his o wn soul ; h e e v e n c o n

t inuOu sly d isput e s t h e argu m e nts o f h is fr ie n ds who w ish
“

to co nv inc e h im o f e v il in h is o wn h e art To th is e xt e nt .
,

o n e m ight say t h at F au st is co ns id e r ably m or e ho n or

abl e s in c e h e op e nly co n f e ss e s to t h e tor m e nts o f h is

soul .

M is s M ill e r acts l ik e Job ; sh e s ays n oth ing and l e ts ,

t h e e v il and t h e good co m e fr o m t h e oth e r world fro m ,

t h e m e t ap sych o l o g ic Th e r e fo r e t h e id e nt ific at io n w ith

.
,

Job is also s ignific ant in th is r e sp e ct A w id e r and in .

, ,
 T H E HYM N O F C RE AT I ON 69

deed , a v e ry im p ort ant analogy r e m ain s to b e m e nt io ne d .

Th e cr e at iv e p o w e r wh ich l o v e r e ally is r ightly c o n

, ,

side re d fro m t h e n atur al st an dpo in t r e m ain s as t h e r e a l ,

attr ibut e o f t h e D iv init y subl im at e d fro m t h e e rot ic im

,

p r e ss io n ; th e r e for e in t h e po e m G od is p r ais e d through

,

out as Cr e ato r .

Job o ffe rs t h e s am e illu str at io n S at an is t he d e stroy e r .

o f Job s fru itful n e ss

’
G od is t h e fru itful o ne h ims e lf
.
,

th e r e fo r e at t h e e nd o f t h e book h e giv e s forth as an

, , ,

e xp r e s s io n o f h is o wn cr e at iv e p ow e r th is hym n fill e d , ,

w ith lo fty po e t ic b e auty I n th is hy m n str ang e ly e nough

.
, ,

two u n sy m p ath e t ic r e pr e s e nt at iv e s o f t h e anim al k ing

do m b e h e m oth and t h e l e v iath an both e xp r e ss iv e o f t h e
, ,

crud e st for c e co n c e iv abl e in natu r e are g iv e n ch ie f co n ,

s id e r at io n ; t h e b e h e moth b e ing r e ally t h e ph all ic at t ri

but e o f t h e G od o f Cr e at ion .

B eho l d no w b e he m o t h , w h ic h I m ad e as we ll as t hee ;
He e at e t h g rass as an o x .

L o, no w ; h is st re ng t h is in h is l o ins,
And h is fo rce is in t he m u sc l e s of h is b e lly .

H e m ov e t h h is d ar
t ail l ik e a ce

T he sinew s o f h is t hig hs are k nit t o ge t he r .

H is b o ne s are as t u b e s o f b rass ;
H is l im b s are l ik e b ars o f iro n .

H e is t h e c h ie f o f t he w ay s o f G o d '

H e o nl y t h at m ad e h im g iv e t h h im h is sw o rd .

B e ho l d if a riv e r ove rfl ow h e t rem b l e t h no t ;

, ,

H e is c o nfi d e n t t ho u gh a J o rd an sw e l l e v e n t o h is m o u t h .

S h all any t ak e h im w h e n he is o n t he w at c h .

O r p ie rc e t h ro u g h h is no se w it h a sn are ?

C anst t hou d raw l e v iat h an w it h a fi sh ho o k ?

-

O r p re ss d ow n h is t o ngu e w it h a c o r d?
7 0 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E U N C O N S C I O US
L ay t hy h an d u p o n h im ;
R em e m b e r t he b at t l e and do no m o re .

N o ne is so fi e rc e t h at d are st ir h im up :

W ho t he n is he t h at c an st an d b e fo re me ?
W ho h at h fi rst g iv e n u nt o m e , t h at I sho ul d re p ay h im ?

Wh at soev e r is u nd e r t h e w ho l e he av e n is m ine ”

—
.

J b
o x l: 1 5 -
20 , 2 3 - 2 4 ; x l i : I , 8 , 1 0- 1 1 .

G od s ays th is in ord e r to br ing his p ow e r and o m nipo

t e n c e im p r e ss iv e ly b e for e Job s e y e s G od is l ik e t h e ’
.

b e h e m oth and t h e l e v iath an ; t h e fru it ful n atu r e giv ing

fo rth abu n d an c e t h e u nt am abl e w ild ne ss and bou n d
,
-

—
l e ss ne ss o f n atur e and t he ov e rwh e lm ing d ang e r o f t he
,

u nch aine d p ow e r .

B ut wh at h as d e str o y e d J o b s e arthly p ar ad is e ? T h e ’

u nch aine d pow e r o f n atur e As t h e p o e t l e ts it b e s e e n

.

h e r e G od h as s im ply tur ne d h is oth e r s id e outw ards fo r

,

o n c e ; t h e s id e wh ich m an c alls t h e d e v il and wh ich l e ts ,

lo o s e al l t h e torm e nt s o f n atu r e o n Job n atur ally for t h e ,

purpo s e o f d isc ipl ine and tr aining T h e G od who c re .

at e d such m o n stros it ie s b e for e who m t h e poo r w e ak m an

,

s t iffe ns w it h anx ie t y truly m u st h id e qu al it ie s w ith in h im

,

s e l f wh ich are foo d fo r thought Th is G od l iv e s in t h e .

h e art in t h e u nc o nsc iou s in t h e r e al m o f m e t ap sychology

, ,
.

Th e r e is t h e sou rc e o f t h e anx ie ty b e fo r e t he u nsp e ak ably

ho rr ibl e and o f t h e str e ng t h to w ithst and t h e horrors
,
.

”
T h e p e rso n t h at is t o say h is c o nsc ious I
,
is l ik e a pl ay ,

th ing l ik e a fe ath e r wh ich is wh irl e d arou nd by d iffe r e nt

,
.

curr e n ts o f air ; so m e t im e s t he s acr ific e and s o m e t im e s t he

sacrifi c e r an d h e c ann ot h ind e r e ith e r
,
T h e B ook o f Job .

shows u s G o d at wo rk both as cr e at o r and d e stroy e r .

Who is th is G od ? A thought wh ich hum anity in e v e ry

72 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E U N C O N S C I O US
of t he dyn am ic st at e s o f r e l igiou s act iv ity Th e s e are .

tho s e im puls e s wh ich in ch ildhoo d are w ithdr awn fro m

in c e stuou s appl ic at io n thr o ugh t h e int e rv e nt io n o f t h e
in c e st b arr ie r an d wh ich e sp e c ially at t h e t im e o f pub e rty
, ,

as a r e sult o f afll ux e s o f l ib ido c o m in g fr o m t h e st ill in

co m pl e t e ly e mploy e d s exu al ity are arou s e d t o th e ir o wn

,

p e cul iar act iv ity A s is e as ily u nd e rstood th at wh ich is

.
,

v alu abl e in t h e G o d cr e at in g id e a is n o t t h e for m but

-

t h e pow e r t h e l ib ido Th e pr im it iv e p o w e r w hic h Job s

’
'

, .

Hym n o f Cr e at io n v ind ic at e s t h e u n co nd it io nal and in

,

e xo r abl e t h e u njust an d t h e sup e rhu m an are truly and

, ,

r igh t ly attr ibut e s o f l ib ido wh ich l e ad u s u nto l ife

, ,

wh ich l e t t h e p oo r b e gu ilty an d ag ain st wh ich strug

,

g l e i s in v a in N. oth in g r e m ain s for m a nk in d but to wo rk

in h armo ny w ith th is w ill N ie tz sch e s Z ar athu str a
’ “
.

t e ach e s u s th is im pr e ss iv e ly .

W e se e th at in M iss M ill e r t he r e l ig iou s hym n ar is ing

fro m t h e u nco n sc iou s is t h e co m p e ns at ing am e n d fo r t he
e rot ic ; it t ak e s a gr e at p art o f it s m at e r ials from t h e

in f ant il e r e m inisc e n c e s wh ich sh e re aw ak e ne d into l ife

-

by t h e introv e rs io n o f t h e l ib ido H ad th is r e l ig ious c re

.

at io n n o t su cc e e d e d ( an d a lso h a d a n oth e r subl im at e d

appl ic at ion b e e n e l im in at e d ) th e n M iss M ill e r would
h av e y ie ld e d to t h e e rot ic im pr e ss io n e ith e r to it s n atur al
,

co ns e qu e nc e o r to a ne g at iv e issu e wh ich would h av e ,

r e pl ac e d t h e lo st su cc e s s in lov e by a corr e spo nd ingly

stro ng sorrow I t is w e ll known th at op inio ns are mu ch
.

d iv id e d co nc e r ning t h e worth o f th is issu e o f an e rot ic

co nfl ict su ch as M iss M ill e r h as p r e s e nt e d to u s I t is
,
.

thought to b e mu ch mo r e b e aut iful to solv e u nnot ic e d an

 T H E HYM N O F C RE AT I O N 73

e rot ic t e ns io n in t he e l e v at e d fe e l ings o f r e l igiou s po e try

, ,

in wh ich p e rh ap s m any oth e r p e o pl e c an fin d j oy an d

c o n sol at io n O ne is wro ng to st o r m ag ain st th is c o n
.

c e p t io n from t h e r ad ic al st andpo int o f f anat ic ism for

truth .

I th ink th at o ne should v ie w w ith ph ilo soph ic ad m ir a

t io n t h e str ang e p aths o f t h e l ib ido and should inv e st i
g at e t h e pu rpo s e s o f it s c ircu itou s w ays .

I t is no t too mu ch to say th at w e h av e h e r e w ith dug up

t h e e rot ic root and ye t t h e probl e m r e m ain s u n solv e d
,
.

W e r e th e r e no t b ou n d up w ith th at a myst e r iou s pu rpo s e ,

p rob ably o f t h e gr e at e st b iolog ic al m e anin g th e n ce r ,

t ainly tw e nty c e ntu r ie s would no t h av e y e ar ne d for it

w ith su ch int e ns e lo ng ing D oubtl e ss th is sort o f l ib idian

.
,

curr e nt m ov e s in t h e s am e d ir e ct io n as t ak e n in t he w id e st
,

s e n s e d id th at e cst at ic id e al o f t he M iddl e Ag e s and o f

,

t h e an c ie nt myst e ry cults o ne o f wh ich b e c am e t h e l at e r

,

Chr ist ianity Th e r e is to b e s e e n b iolog ic ally in th is

.

id e al an e x e rc is e o f p sycholog ic p roj e ct io n ( o f t h e p ar a
n o idian m e ch anis m as F r e u d would e xpr e ss it ) Th e 2a
.
,

p r o j e ct io n co ns ists in t h e r e p r e ss ing o f t he co nfl ict into

t h e u n co n sc iou s and t h e s e tt ing forth o f t h e r e pr e ss e d

co nt e nts into s e e m ing obj e ct iv ity wh ich is also t h e for

,

m ul a o f p ar ano ia T h e r e pr e s s io n s e rv e s as is w e ll
.
,

k now n fo r t h e fr e e ing from a p ain ful co m pl e x from

,

wh ich o ne m u st e s c ap e by all m e an s b e c au s e it s co m p e ll ing

and opp r e ss in g p owe r is fe ar e d T h e r e p r e ss io n c an l e ad
.

t o an app ar e nt co m pl e t e suppr e ss io n wh ich corr e spo nds

t o a stro ng s e l f co n trol-
U n fortu n at e ly how e v e r s e lf
.
, ,

co ntrol h as l im its wh ich are o nly to o narrowly dr awn .

74 PSY C H OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
Clos e r obs e rv at io n o f p e opl e shows it is tru e th at c al m , ,

is m aint aine d at t h e cr it ic al m o m e nt but c e rt ain r e sults ,

o ccu r wh ich fall int o two c at e gor ie s .

F irs t t h e supp r e s se d e ffe ct co m e s to t h e su r f ac e imm e

,

d iat e ly a ft e rw ards ; s e ldo m d ir e ctly it is tru e b ut o rd i , ,

n aril y in t h e fo r m o f a d ispl ac e m e n t to an o t h e r obj e ct

( e . g . a p e rs o n is in o f fi c ia l r,e l at io n s p o l it e sub m is s iv e , , ,

p at ie nt and s o o n and tur n s h is whol e ang e r loos e upo n

, ,

h is w ife o r h is sub o rd in at e s )
S e c o nd t h e suppr e ss e d e ffe ct cr e at e s co m p e ns at io n s
,

e ls e wh e r e F o r e x am pl e p e opl e who str iv e fo r e xc e ss iv e

.
,

e th ics who try alw ays to th ink f e e l an d ac t altru ist ic ally

, , ,

an d id e ally av e n g e t h e m se lv e s
,
b e c au se o f t he im p o ssi
,

b il ity o f c arry ing out th e ir id e als by subtl e m al ic iou s ne ss , ,

wh ich natur ally do e s n o t c o m e into t h e ir o w n co n sc iou s

ne ss as su ch but wh ich l e ads to m isu n d e rst an d ings an d
,

u nh appy s it u at io ns App ar e ntly th e n all o f th e s e are

.
, ,

o nly e sp e c ially u n fortu nat e c ircu m st anc e s o r th e y are

“
,

t h e gu ilt an d m al ic e o f oth e r p e opl e o r th e y are tr ag ic ,

co m pl ic at io ns .

O n e is in d e e d fr e e d o f t h e co n sc iou s co nfl ict ne v e r
, , ,

’
t h e l e ss it l ie s inv isibl e at o ne s f e e t and is stu m bl e d ov e r ,

at e v e ry st e p T h e t e ch nic o f t h e app ar e nt supp r e ss ing

.

an d forg e tt ing is in ad e qu at e b e c au s e it is n o t p oss i bl e o f

a ch ie v e m e n t in t h e l a s t an alys is — it is in r e al ity a m e r e
m ak e sh ift T h e r e l ig iou s proj e ct io n o ffe rs a m u ch m or e
.

ef fe ctu al h e lp I n th is o ne k e e ps t h e co n fl ict in s ight

.

( c a r e p
, a in a nx ie ty,
a n d s o o n ) a n
,
d g iv e s it ov e r to a

p e rso nal ity s t and ing ou t sid e o f o ne s s e l f t h e D iv init y ’

,
.

T h e e v ang e l ic al co mm and t e ach e s u s th is

7 6 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E UN C ON S C I OUS
for e Chr ist h as b e e n s acr ifi c e d o nc e to t ak e aw ay t h e
s in s o f m any ( H e b ix : 2 8 ) T h e G od thus thought
. .
,

o f is d ist in gu ish e d as inno c e n t in h im s e l f an d as t h e

,

s e l f sacrifice r ( Th e s e qu al it ie s are tru e also fo r th at

—
-
.

am ou n t o f e n e i —
rgy l b do wh ich b e lo ngs to t he re p
i
r e se n t at io n co m pl e x d e s ignat e d t h e R e d e e m e r ) Th e .

co n sc iou s proj e ct io n tow ards wh ich t h e Chr ist ian e du c a

t io n aim s o ffe rs t h e r e fo r e a doubl e b e ne fi t : first o ne is
, , , ,

k e pt co nsc iou s o f t h e co n fl ict ( s in s ) o f two oppos ing

t e nd e nc ie s m utu ally r e s ist ant and through th is o ne pre ,

v e nts a know n troubl e from b e co m ing by m e ans o f re ,

p r e ss ing and fo rg e tt ing an u nknow n and th e r e for e so

,

m u ch m o r e t o r m e nt ing so rrow S e co ndly o ne l ight e n s

.
,

o n e s bu rd e n by su rr e n d e r ing it to h im to who m al l solu

’

t io ns are kn ow n O ne m u st no t fo rg e t th at t h e ind iv idu al

.

p sycholog ic roots o f t h e D e ity se t up as r e al by t h e p ious , ,

a re co n c e al e d fro m h im an d th at h e al t hough u n aw ar e
, ,

o f th is st ill b e ars t h e bu rd e n alo ne an d is st ill alo ne w ith

,

his co n fl ic t Th is d e lus io n would l e ad in f all ibly to t he

.

sp e e dy br e ak ing up o f t h e syst e m fo r N atur e c annot in ,

d e fi nit e ly b e d e c e iv e d but t he p ow e r ful inst itut io n o f

,

Ch r ist ian ity m e e ts th is s it u at io n T h e comm and in t he .

-

book o f J am e s is t h e b e st e xp r e ss io n o f t he psycholog ic
”
s ignific anc e o f th is : B e ar ye o ne anoth e r s burd e ns ’
.
2“

Th is is e m ph as iz e d as e sp e c ially im port ant in ord e r

to pr e s e rv e so c ie ty upr ight through mutu al lov e ( Tr ans
f e r e n c e ) t he P aul ine wr it ings l e av e no doubt about th is
T h rou gh l ov e be se rv ant s o ne t o ano t h e r —G l v : 1 3
—H
. a . .

”
L e t l ov e o f t he b re t h re n c o nt inu e . e b . x iii I .

And l e t us c o nsid e r o ne ano t h e r to p rov o ke u nt o l ov e and

 T H E HYM N O F C RE AT I O N 77

d w o rk s
N o t fo rge t t ing o u r o w n asse m b l ing t o g e t he r as
—
go o .

is t he c ust o m o f so m e , b u t e x ho rt ing o ne ano t he r H eb x : 24 25 . .

-
.

We m ight th at t h e r e al tr ans f e r e n c e t aught in t h e

say

Chr ist ian c o m m u nit y is t h e co nd it io n ab solut e ly ne c e ss ary

fo r t h e e ffi c acy o f t h e m ir acl e o f r e d e mpt io n ; t h e fi rst
l e tt e r o f Joh n co m e s out fr ankly w ith th is :

H e t h at love t h h is b ro t he r ab id e t h in t h e l igh t .
—I J o hn
11 : 1 0

—I J
.

“
If we l ov e o ne ano t he r, G o d ab id e t h in us . o hn iv : 12 .

T he D e ity co nt inu e s to c ac iou s in t h e Chr ist ian

be ef
fi
r e l ig io n o nly upo n t h e fou nd at io n o f broth e rly lov e .

C o n s e qu e ntly h e r e too t h e m yst e ry o f r e d e mpt io n is t h e

,

u nr e s ist ing r e al tr an s fe r e n c e O ne m ay p rop e rly ask .

27

o ne s s e lf fo r wh at th e n is t h e D e ity u s e ful if his e ffi c acy

’
, ,

co n s ists o nly in t h e r e al t ransf e re nc e ? To th is also t h e

e v ang e l ic al m e s s ag e h as a str ik ing answ e r :

M en are all C h rist

b ro t he rs in .

S o C h rist al so h av ing b e e n o nc e
, o ffe re d to b e ar t he sins

of m any sh all app e ar a sec o n d t im e ap art fro m sin to t he m

—
,

t h at w ait fo r h im l
u n t o sa v at io n .
”
H eb . ix : 2 8 .

T he co nd it io n o f tr an s f e r e n c e amo ng b roth e rs is to b e
su ch as b e tw e e n man and Chr ist a sp ir itu al o ne A s t h e ,
.

h istory o f an c ie nt cults and c e rt ain Ch r ist ian s e cts shows ,

th is e xpl anat io n o f t h e Chr ist ian r e l ig io n is an e sp e c ially

im port ant o n e b iol o g ic ally fo r t h e p sycholog ic int im acy
,

cr e at e s c e rt ain short e ne d w ays b e tw e e n m e n wh ich l e ad

o nly to o e as ily to th at fro m wh ich Ch r ist ianity s e e ks t o
r e l e as e th e m nam e ly to t h e s e xu al r e l at io n w ith all tho s e
,
78 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E U N C O N S C I O US
co n s e qu e nc e s and ne c e ss it ie s u nd e r wh ich t h e r e ally al
r e ady h ighly c iv il iz e d m an h ad to su ffe r at t h e b e g inning
o f ou r Chr ist ian e ra F o r j u s t as t h e anc ie nt r e l igiou s
.

e xp e r ie n c e w as r e g ard e d d ist in ctly as a bod ily u nio n w ith

t h e D e ity j ust so w as worsh ip p e r m e at e d w it h s e xu al

28
,

ity o f e v e ry k ind S e xu al ity l ay o nly to o clos e to t h e

.

r e l at io ns o f p e opl e w it h e ach oth e r T h e mor al d e g e n .

e racy o f t h e fi rst Chr ist ian c e ntury p ro du c e d a mor al re

a ct io n ar is ing out o f t h e d ark n e ss o f t h e low e st str at a o f

soc ie ty wh ich w as e xp r e ss e d in t h e s e co nd and th ird c e n

t u rie s at it s pu r e st in t h e t w o ant ago nist ic r e l ig io n s Chr is ,

t ianit y on t h e o ne s id e an d M it h rac ism o n t h e oth e r

,
.

Th e s e r e l ig io ns strov e a ft e r p r e c is e ly th at h igh e r for m

o f so cial int e rcours e sy m bol ic o f a proj e ct e d b e co m e
fl e sh id e a ( logos ) wh e r e by all thos e stro ng e st im pul
,

s iv e e n e rgie s o f t h e arch aic m an fo rm e rly plu ng ing him ,

from o ne p ass io n into anoth e r and wh ich s e e m e d to t he

,
29

an c ie nts l ik e th e co m puls io n o f t h e e v il co n st e ll at io n s a s ,

e iua p p é r n an d wh ich in t h e s e n s e o f l at e r ag e s m ight

*
,

b e tr an sl at e d as t h e dr iv ing fo rc e o f t h e l ib ido t he
30
,

6 45m m; m v nn mj ; o f Z e no could b e m ad e u se o f fo r
’
,

soc ial p r e s e rv at io n .

I t m ay b e a ssum e d mo st c e rt ainly th at t h e dom e st ic a

t io n o f hum anity h as co st t h e gr e at e st s acr ifi c e s An ag e .

wh ich produc e d t h e sto ic al id e al mu st c e rt ainly h av e

known why and ag ainst wh at it w as cr e at e d T h e ag e .

o f N e ro s e rv e s to se t o ff e ffe ctu ally t h e f amou s e xtr acts

from t he forty first l e tt e r o f S e ne c a to L u c il ius
-

*
D t i ny
es .

l P o w e r fo r
‘

p ut t i ng in m ot i o n.
80 PSY C H OLOG Y OF T H E UN C ON S C I OUS
m e aning o f thos e cults —
I sp
~
e ak o f Chr ist ianity and
M it h c r a i sm — is cl e ar ; it is a mor al r e str aint o f anim al
im puls e s .
35
T h e dynam ic app e ar anc e o f both r e l ig io ns
b e tr ays som e th ing o f th at e normou s f e e l ing o f re de mp
t io n wh ich anim at e d t he first d isc ipl e s and wh ich w e to
d ay s c arc e ly know how to app r e c iat e fo r th e s e old truths
,

are e m pty to u s M o st c e rt ainly w e sh o uld st ill u nd e r

.

st and it h ad ou r cu stoms e v e n a br e ath o f anc ie nt brut al

,

ity fo r w e c an h ardly r e al iz e in th is d ay t h e wh irlw inds

,

o f t h e u n ch aine d l ib ido wh ich ro ar e d thr o ugh t h e an c ie n t

R om e o f t h e C wsars T h e c iv il iz e d m an o f t h e p r e s e nt
.

d ay s e e ms v e ry far r e mov e d from th at H e h as b e com e

.

m e r e ly ne urot ic S o for u s t h e ne c e ss it ie s wh ich brought

.

fo rth C h r ist ianity h av e actu ally b e e n lost s inc e w e no ,

lo ng e r u nd e rst and th e ir m e aning W e do n o t k n ow .

ag ain st wh at it h ad to p rot e ct u s F o r e nl ight e ne d p e o

36
.

p l e
,
t h e so c all
-
e d r e l ig ious n e s s h as a lr e ady a ppro ach e d
v e ry clos e to a ne uro s is I n t h e p ast two thou s and y e ars
Chr ist ianity h as do ne I ts work an d h as e r e ct e d b arr ie rs
o f r e pr e ss io n wh ich prot e ct u s fro m t h e s ight o f ou r
,

o wn s in ful ne ss T h e e l e m e nt ary e m ot io n s o f t h e
l ib ido h av e co m e t o b e u nknow n t o us fo r t h e y are c ar ,

r ie d o n in t h e u n co nsc iou s ; th e r e for e t h e b e l ie f wh ich

,

co m b ats th e m h as b e co m e hollow and e m pty L e t who .

e v e r do e s n o t b e l ie v e th at a m ask cov e rs ou r r e l ig io n o b ,

t ain an impr e ss io n for h im s e lf fro m t h e app e ar an c e o f

Ou r m od e r n church e s fro m wh ich s t yl e and art h av e lo ng

,

s inc e fl e d .

W ith th is we tur n b ack to t h e qu e st io n fro m wh ich w e

d igr e ss e d nam e ly wh e th e r o r no t M iss M ill e r h as c re
, ,
 TH E H YM N OF C R E AT I O N 81

a et d som e th ing v alu abl e w it h h e r po e m I f we b e ar in .

m in d u nd e r wh at psycholog ic o r m or al co nd it io n s Chr is
t ianit y c am e into e x ist e n c e ; th at is to say at a t im e wh e n
,

fi e rc e brut al it y w as an e v e ry d ay sp e ct acl e th e n w e u nd e r
-
,

st and t he r e l ig iou s s e izur e o f t he whol e p e rso nal ity and

t h e wo rth o f th at r e l ig io n wh ich d e f e nd e d t h e p e opl e o f

t h e R o m an cultur e ag ainst t h e v is ibl e sto r m s o f w ick e d

n e ss . I t w as no t d iffi cult fo r tho s e p e opl e to r e m ain con

sc iou s o f sin for th e y saw it e v e ry d ay sp r e ad out b e for e
,

th e ir e y e s T h e r e l ig iou s p roduct w as at th at t im e t he
.

a cco m pl ish m e n t o f t h e tot al p e rso n al ity M iss M ill e r not

.

o nly u nd e rv alu e s h e r s ins but t h e co nne ct io n b e tw e e n

,

t he d e pr e ss ing and u nr e l e nt ing ne e d and h e r r e l igiou s

p rodu ct h as e v e n e sc ap e d h e r Thu s h e r p o e t ic al cr e a
.

t io n compl e t e ly lo s e s t h e l iv ing v alu e o f a r e l igiou s

p roduct I t is no t mu ch mor e th an a s e nt im e nt al tr ans
.

for m at ion o f t h e e rot ic wh ich is s e cr e tly c arr ie d out clo s e

to co ns c ious ne ss and pr inc ip ally po ss e ss e s t h e s am e worth
as t h e m anif e st cont e n t o f t h e dr e am w ith it s u nc e rt ain
37

an d d e lus iv e p e r ish abl e ne s s . Th us t he p o e m is p rop e rly

o nly a dr e am b e co m e aud ibl e .

To t he d e gr e e th at t h e m od e r n co nsc iou s ne ss is e ag e rly

bu s ie d w ith th ings o f a w holly oth e r so rt th an r e l igio n ,

r e l ig io n and it s obj e ct or ig in al sin h av e st e pp e d into t h e

, ,

b ackgrou nd ; th at is to say into t h e u nco nsc iou s in gr e at

,

p art Th e r e fo r e tod ay m an b e l ie v e s ne ith e r in t h e o ne

.
,

no r in t h e oth e r Co ns e qu e ntly t h e F r e ud ian s chool is ac

.

cuse d o f an im pur e ph an t asy and ye t o ne m ight co nv in c e

,

o ne s s e l f v e ry e as ily w it h a r ath e r fl e e t ing gl an c e at t h e

’

h istory o f anc ie nt r e l ig io ns and mor als as to wh at k ind

82 PSY C H OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
of d e m o ns are h arbor e d in t he hum an soul W ith th is .

d isb e l ie f in t h e crud e ne ss o f hu m an n atur e is bou n d up

t h e d isb e l ie f in t h e p ow e r o f r e l ig io n T h e ph e nom e no n
.
,

w e ll kn own to e v e ry p sycho analyst o f t h e u nco nsc iou s

,

tr an s for m at io n o f an e rot ic co n fl ict into r e l ig iou s act iv it y

is so m e th ing e t h ic al ly w h o lly w o r t hl e ss and noth ing but
an hyst e r ic al product io n Who e v e r o n t he oth e r h and
.
, ,

to his co nsc iou s sin ju st as co n sc iou sly pl ac e s r e l ig io n in

oppo s it io n do e s so m e th ing t he gr e at ne ss o f wh ich can
,

n o t b e d e nie d Th is c an b e v e r ifi e d by a b ackw ard gl anc e

.

ov e r h isto ry S u ch a p ro c e dur e is sou nd r e l ig io n The

. .

unc o ns c io us r e c as t ing o f t he e r o t ic int o s o m e t h ing re

lig io us l ays it se lf p o en t o t h e re pro ac h o f a s e nt im e nt al

a nd e t h ic al ly w o r t h l e ss p o se .

B y m e an s o f t h e s e cul ar p r act ic e o f t he n ai v e proj e ct ion

wh ich is as w e h av e s e e n noth ing e ls e th an a v e il e d o r
, ,

ind ir e ct r e al tr ans f e r e n c e ( through t h e sp ir itu al through

-
,

t h e logo s ) Chr ist ian tr aining h as p rodu c e d a w id e sp r e ad

,

w e ak e ning o f t h e anim al n atu r e so th at a gr e at p art o f

t h e str e ngth o f t h e im puls e s could b e se t fr e e fo r t h e
”
work o f so c ial pr e s e rv at io n and fru it ful ne ss Th is
abu nd an c e o f l ib ido to m ak e use o f th is singul ar e x
,

p r e ss io n pu rsu e s w ith a budd ing r e naiss anc e ( for e x

,

am pl e P e tr arch ) a cours e wh ich outgo ing ant iqu ity h ad

alr e ady sk e tch e d out as r e l ig iou s ; v iz t h e w ay o f t h e

.
,

t r an s f e r e nc e to n atur e
”
T h e tr ans form at io n o f th is
l ib id inou s int e r e st is in gr e at p art due to t he M ithr aic
worsh ip wh ich w as a natu r e r e l igio n in t h e b e st s e n s e o f
,

t h e word ;
4°
wh il e t he pr im it iv e Chr ist ians e xh ib it e d
t hroughout an ant ago nist ic att itud e to t h e b e aut ie s o f th is
84 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
h and s, b u t ho l l o w e d o ut t o g re at d e p t hs b y n at u re ; it fi ll s t he
m in d w it h a re l ig io u s fe ar ; w e v e ne rat e t he fo u n t ain he ad s
-
of

g re at i
r v e rs ; t he su dd e n e ru p t io n o f a v ast bod y of w at e r fro m
l
t h e sec re t p ac e s o f t he e art h , o b t ains an al t ar : we d o re
a l ik e w ise
t he sp rings of w arm b at hs and e it h e r t he
, o p a ueq qual ity or
”
imm e nse d e p t hs ,
h at h m ad e so m e l ak es sac re d .

All th is d is app e ar e d in t h e tr an s itory world o f t h e

Chr ist ian o nly to b r e ak forth m u ch l at e r wh e n t h e
,

th o ught o f m ank ind h ad ach ie v e d th at ind epe nd e nc e o f

t h e id e a wh ich could r e s ist t h e aesth e t ic im p r e ss io n so th at ,

thought w as no lo ng e r f e tt e r e d by t h e e m ot io nal e ffe cts

o f t h e impr e ss io n but could r is e to r e fl e ct iv e obs e rv at io n
, .

Thu s m an e nt e r e d into a ne w and ind e p e nd e nt r e l at io n to

natur e wh e r e by t h e fou nd at io n w as l aid fo r n atu r al sc ie nc e

an d t e ch niqu e W ith th at how e v e r th e r e e nt e r e d in fo r

.
, ,

t h e fi rst t im e a d ispl a c e m e n t o f t h e w e ight o f int e r e st

th e r e aro s e ag ain r e al tr ans f e r e n c e wh ich h as r e ach e d it s

-

gr e at e st d e v e lopm e nt in ou r t im e M at e r ial ist ic int e r e st .

h as e v e rywh e r e b e com e p ar am ou nt Th e r e for e t h e .

,

r e alms o f t h e sp ir it wh e r e e arl ie r t he gr e at e st co nfl icts

,

and d e v e lopm e nts took pl ac e l ie d e s e rt e d and f allow ; t h e ,

world h as no t o nly l o st it s G od as t h e s e nt im e nt al ists o f

t h e nine t e e nth c e ntu ry b e w ail but also to so m e e xt e nt h as ,

lost it s soul as w e ll O ne th e r e fo r e c annot wo nd e r th at

.
, ,

t h e d iscov e r ie s and do ctr i n e s o f t h e F r e ud ian s ch o o l w ith ,

th e ir wh o l ly p sycho l o g ic v ie ws m e e t w ith an al m ost uni

'

v e rs al d is app rov al Through t h e ch ang e o f t h e c e ntr e o f

.

int e r e st fro m t h e inne r t o t h e out e r world t he k nowl e dg e ,

o f n atur e h as incr e as e d e nor m ously in co m p ar iso n w ith

t h at o f e arl ie r t im e s B y th is t h e anthropo m orph ic co n
.

c e p t io n o f t h e r e l ig iou s dog m as h as b e e n d e fi n it e ly throw n

 THE H YM N OF C RE AT I ON 85

o p e n to qu e st io n ;
th e r fo r e t h e p r e s e nt d ay r e l ig io ns
e ,
-

c an o nly w it h t h e gr e at e st d if fi culty clo s e th e ir e y e s to th is

f act ; fo r no t o nly h as t h e int e nse int e r e st b e e n d iv e rt e d
fro m t h e Chr ist ian r e l ig io n but cr it ic is m and t h e ne c e s ,

s ary corr e ct io n h av e incr e as e d corr e spo nd ingly T h e .

Chr ist ian r e l ig io n s e e ms to h av e fulfill e d it s gr e at b io

log ic al purp o s e in so far as w e are abl e to judg e I t h as
, .

l e d hum an thought to ind e p e nd e n c e an d h as lost it s sig ,

nificance th e r e fo r e to a ye t u n d e t e r m ine d e xt e nt ; in any

, ,

c as e it s dogm at ic co nt e nts h av e b e co m e r e l at e d to M ith

r ac is m I n co ns id e r at io n o f t he f act th at th is r e l igio n
.

h as r e nd e r e d ne v e rth e l e s s in co n c e iv abl e s e rv ic e to e du
, ,

c at io n o ne c annot r e j e ct it e o ip so to d ay I t s e e ms
, .

to m e th at w e m ight st ill m ak e u se in s om e w ay o f it s
form o f thought and e sp e c ially o f it s gr e at w isdom o f
,

l if e wh ich for two thou s and y e ars h as b e e n p rov e n to

,

b e p art icul arly e fli c acio u s Th e stu m bl ing block is t h e

.

unh appy c o m b ina t io n o f r e l ig io n a nd m o ral it y Th at .

must b e ov e r com e Th e r e st ill r e m ain tr ac e s o f th is str if e

.

in t h e soul t h e l ack o f wh ich in a hum an b e ing is re

,

lu ct ant ly f e lt I t is h ard to say in wh at such th ings con

.

s ist ; fo r th is id e as as w e ll as wo rds are l ack ing I f in

,
.
,

sp it e o f th at I att e m pt to say som e th ing about it I do

, ,

it p ar abol ic ally us ing S e ne c a s words

’ 44
,

N o t h ing c an b e m o re c o mm e n d ab l e
b e ne fi c ial if you p e r and

seve re in t h e p u rsu it o f w isd o m I t is w h at w o u l d b e rid ic ul o u s

.

t o w ish fo r w h e n it is in y o u r p o w e r t o at t ain it The re is no .

ne e d t o l ift u p y o u r h and s t o H e av e n o r t o p ray t h e se rv ant o f ,

t he t em pl e t o ad m it yo u t o t h e e ar o f t h e id o l t h at y o u r p ray e rs

m ay b e he ard t h e b e t t e r G o d is ne ar t he e ; h e is w it h t h e e .

Y e s Lu c il ius a ho l y S p l l l t re sid e s w it h in u s t he o b se rv e r o f
, ,
‘

,
86 PSY C H OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
g oo d and ev i l , and our c o nst an t gu ard ian . And as w e t re at
h im , h e t re at s us ; no g oo d m an is w it ho u t a G od .
~

Co ul d any o ne

e v e r rise b
a ov e t he po w e r o f fo rt u ne w it h o u t h is assist anc e ? It
is he t h at insp ire s us w it h t h o u gh t s, u p rig h t , j ust and p u re . We
do no t , in d ee d , p re t e nd t o say w h at G o d ; b ut t h at a G od d w e ll s
”
in t he b re ast of e ve ry goo d m an is c e rt ain .
88 PSY C H OLOG Y OF TH E U N C ON S C I O U S
h av e e l ap s e d s inc e t h e l ast d ir e ct m anif e st at io n o f t he
u nco n sc iou s th at M iss M ill e r r e p ort e d to u s ; about t h is
p e r io d w e h av e h ad no in form at io n W e l e ar n no t h ing .

about t h e moods and ph ant as ie s o f th is t im e I f o ne .

m ight dr aw a co nclu s io n from th is s il e nc e it would b e

pr e su m ably th at in t h e t im e wh ich e l aps ed b e tw e e n t he
two po e m s r e ally noth ing o f im po rt anc e h ad h app e ne d
, ,

an d th at th e r e for e th is p o e m is ag ain but a vo ic e d fr ag

, ,

m e nt o f t he u nco n sc iou s wo rk ing o f t h e compl e x str e tch

ing out ov e r m o nths and y e ars I t is h ighly prob abl e th at
.

it is co n c e r ne d w ith t h e s am e co m pl e x as b e for e T he .
1

e arl ie r p roduct a hy m n o f cr e at io n full o f hop e

,
h as , ,

how e v e r but l ittl e s im il ar ity to t h e p r e s e nt p o e m T h e

, .

po e m ly ing b e for e u s h as a truly hop e l e ss m e l ancholy ,

ch ar act e r ; m oth and sun two th ings wh ich ne v e r m e e t

, .

O n e m ust in f air ne ss ask is a moth r e all y e xp e ct e d to

“

r is e to t h e sun ? W e know ind e e d t h e p rov e rb ial s ay ing

about t h e m oth th at fl e w in to t h e l ight an d s ing e d it s

w ings but not t h e l e g e nd o f t h e m oth th at strov e tow ards

,

t h e sun . Pl ainly h e r e two t h ings are co nne ct e d in h e r

, ,

thoughts th at do no t b e lo ng t o g e th e r ; first t he m oth ,

wh ich flutt e r e d ar o u n d t h e l igh t so l o ng th at it bu r nt

its e l f; and th e n t h e id e a o f a s m all e ph e m e r al b e ing
, ,

so m e th ing l ik e t h e day fly wh ich in l am e nt abl e co ntr ast

, ,

to t h e e t e r nit y o f t h e st ars lo ng s fo r an im p e r ish abl e

,

d ayl ight Th is id e a r e m inds o ne o f F au st :

.

M ark b e ne at h t h e e v e ning sunl igh t s gl ow

h ow ,
’

T he g re e n e m b o so m e d h ou se s g l it t e r ;
-

T h e g l o w re t re at s d o ne is t h e d ay o f t o il
, ,

I t y o n d e r hast es ne w fi e l d s o f l ife e x p l o ring ;

,
 TH E S ONG OF TH E M O TH 89

Ah , t hat no w ing c an l ift m e fro m t h e so i l

U po n it s k t rac to fo l l o w , fo l l o w so aring !
T he n w o ul d I se e e t e rn a l E v e n ing g ld
i
T he sil e n t w o rl d b e ne at h m e g l o w ing .

Y e t , fi n all y , t he w e ary g o d
k ing ; is sin

T he ne w b o rn im p u l se fi re s m y m ind
-
,

I h ast e n o n h is b e am s e t e rnal d rink ing

, ,

T he day b e fo re m e and t he n igh t b e h ind ,

A b ov e m e he av e n u n fu rl e d t he fl o o r o f w av e s b e ne at h
,
me ,
A g l o rio us d re am ! t ho u gh no w t he gl o ries fad e .

A l as ! t he w ing s t h at l ift t he m ind no aid

O f w ings t o l ift t he b o d y c an b e que at h m e .

N ot lo ng a ft e rw ards F aust s e e s bl ack dog rov ing

,
t he
”
th e r e through co rnfie l ds an d stubbl e t he dog wh o is t he ,

s am e as t h e d e v il t h e t e m pt e r in whos e h e ll ish fi r e s
, ,

F aust h as s inge d h is w ings Wh e n h e b e l ie v e d th at h e .

was e xp r e ss ing his gr e at lo ng ing fo r t he b e auty o f t h e

sun and t h e e arth h e w e nt astr ay th e r e ov e r and f e ll
“
,

into t h e h ands o f t h e E v il O ne .

Y es, l
re so u t e t o re ac h so m e b right e r d ist anc e ,

On e art h s
’
fair sun I t u rn m y b ac k .

Th is is wh at F au st h ad s aid sho rtly b e for e in tru e ,

r e cognit io n o f t h e st at e o f affairs T h e ho no r ing o f t h e .

b e auty o f natu r e l e d t h e Chr ist ian o f t h e M iddl e Ag e s to

p ag an thoughts wh ich l ay in an ant ago nist ic r e l at io n to
h is co nsc iou s r e l ig io n ju st as o n c e M it h rac ism w as in
,

thr e at e ning co m p e t it io n w ith Chr ist ianity for S at an o ft e n ,

d isgu is e s h im s e l f as an ang e l o f l ight .

2

T h e lo ng ing o f F au st b e c am e his ru in T h e lo ng ing .

for t h e B e yo n d h ad b rought as a co ns e qu e nc e a lo ath ing

for l if e and h e stood o n t h e br ink o f s e lf d e struct ion
,
-
.
3
go PSY C H OLOG Y O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
T he lo ng ing fo r t he b e au ty o f th is world l e d him ane w
to ru in into doubt and p ain e v e n to M argu e r it e s tr ag ic
, ,
’

d e ath H is m ist ak e w as th at h e follow e d aft e r both

.

worlds w ith no ch e ck to t h e dr iv ing forc e o f h is l ib ido ,

l ik e a m an o f v iol e nt p ass io n F au st portr ays o nc e m or e .

t h e folk p sycholog ic co n fl ict o f t h e b e g inning o f t h e

-

Chr is t ian e ra but wh at is not e worthy in a r e v e rs e d

, ,

o rd e r .

Ag ainst wh at f e ar ful pow e rs o f s e duct io n Chr ist h ad

to d e fe n d h im s e l f by m e ans o f his hop e o f t h e ab solut e
world b e yo nd m ay b e s e e n in t h e e x am pl e o f Alypius in
,

Augu st ine I f any o f u s h ad b e e n l iv ing in th at p e r iod

.

o f ant iqu ity h e would h av e s e e n cl e arly th at th at cultu r e

,

m ust in e v it ably coll ap s e b e c au s e hu m anity r e volt e d

ag ain st it I t is w e ll k nown th at e v e n b e fo r e t he sp r e ad
.

o f Chr ist ian ity a r e m ark abl e e xp e ct at io n o f r e d e m pt io n

h ad t ak e n p oss e ss io n o f m ank ind T h e follow ing .

e clogu e o f V irg il m ight w e ll b e a r e sult o f th is moo d

Ul t im a C um aei v e nit j am c arm inis ae t as ;

M agnus ab int e g ro S ae cl o rum nasc it u r o rd o ,

J am re d it e t V irgo re deu nt S at u rnia re gna ;

4
,

T he la st ag e o f C um e an p ro ph e h as o m e a re a cy
! c l dy
O v er ag a n t h e i i
g re at se r e s o f t h e ag e s o mm e n e s : c c
N ow t o o re t u rn s S at u ni an k i ng d ms ;
th e Vi g i n
r ,
re t u rn the r o

N w at l ng t h a n w p g ny i
o e nt d w n f e m h igh H e a n
ro e s se o ro ve .

O n ly c h a t L u c i n a t t h b y at h i b i t h b p p i t i u
, s e ,
o e o s r e ro o s,

In wh t im fi t t h g f i n h l l d i c nt i nu
o se e rs e a e o ro s a s o e,

And in t h w h l w l d a g l d n ag e a i : n w u l
e o e or t hy A po l l o o e r se o r es .

U n d e r t h y g u i d anc e i f any t rac e s o f , o ur gu ilt c o nt nu e , i

R e nd e re d h arm l e ss t h e y sh al l se t t h e , e art h f re e f ro m f a f ev
e r or e r,

He sh a ll k f t h l i f f t h g d an d h
p art a e o e e o e o s, e s h al l e s e

H e ro e s m i ng l d w i t h g d
e nd h t h ll b
o s, a e oo s a e se e n by t h e m .

And h e h a l l u l a p ac f u l w l d w i t h h i f at h e
s r e e e or s
’
i
r s v rt ue s.
92 PSY C H OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
A p ar all e l t o th is doubl e rOl e is th at t e xt in t he G o sp e l
o f M atth e w wh ich h as b e com e h istor ic ally s ignifi c ant

I c am e no t t o se n d p e ac e , b ut a sw o rd .
—M at t . x : 34 .

Ju st th is co nst itut e s t he d e e p s ignific an c e o f G o e th e s ’

F aust th at h e cloth e s in words a p robl e m o f mod e rn

,

m an wh ich h as b e e n tur ning in r e stl e ss slumb e r s inc e t h e

R e n aiss an c e j u st as w as do ne by t h e dr am a o f O e d ipu s
,

fo r t h e H e ll e nic sph e r e o f cultur e Wh at is to b e t he way.

out b e t w e e n t h e S cyll a o f r e nu nc iat io n o f t h e world and

t h e Ch a rybd is o f t h e a cc e pt an c e o f t h e world ?

T h e hop e ful to ne vo ic e d in t h e, Hym n to t h e G od

o f Cr e at io n , c annot co nt inu e v e ry lo ng w ith ou r author .

T h e pos e s im ply pro m is e s but do e s n o t fulfil , T h e old .

lo ng ing w ill co m e ag ain fo r it is a p e cul iar it y o f al l com

,

pl e x e s work e d ov e r m e r e ly in t h e u nco n s ciou s th at th e y 8

l o se n oth ing o f th e ir o r ig inal am o unt o f affe ct M e an .

wh il e th e ir outw ard m anife st at io n s c an ch ang e almost

,

e n dl e s sly . O ne m ight th e r e for e co n s id e r t h e first po e m

a s an u n co n s c iou s lo ng ing to solv e t h e co n fl ict through

p o s it iv e r e l ig iou s ne ss so m e wh at in t h e s am e m ann e r as
,

th e y o f t h e e arl ie r c e ntur ie s d e c id e d th e ir cons c ious c o n

fl ic t s by o ppo s ing to th e m t h e r e l ig iou s st andpo int Th is .

w ish do e s no t su cc e e d N ow w it h t h e s e co nd po e m th e r e
.

follows a s e co n d att e m pt wh ich tur n s out in a d e c id e dly

m o r e m at e r ial w ay ; it s thought is u n e qu ivo c al O nly .

o nc e h av ing g aine d o ne r aptur e d gl an c e and

—
th e n to die .

F ro m t h e r e alms o f t he r e l ig iou s wo rld t he att e nt io n , ,

j ust a s in F a u st tur
, n
9
s tow a rds t h e sun o f th is world ,
 TH E S ONG OF TH E M O TH 93

and a lr e ady th e r e is som e th ing m ingl e d w ith it wh ich

h as ano th e r s e n s e th at is to say t h e m o t h w hic h f
,
l u t t e re d ,

so l o ng aro und t h e lig h t t h at it b ur n t it s w ing s .

We p ass to th at wh ich M iss M ill e r o ffe r s

no w fo r t h e
b e tt e r u nd e rst and ing o f t h e p o e m S h e s ays : .

T his sm all poem m ad e a p ro fou nd im p re ssio n upo n m e I .

co ul d no t o f c o u rse fi nd imm e d iat e l y a su f

, ,
fi c ie n t l y c l e ar and d i
re c t e x p l an at io n fo r it H ow e v e r a fe w d ay s l at e r w h e n I o nc e
.
,

m o re re ad a c e rt ain ph il oso p h ic al w o rk w hic h I h ad re ad in ,

B e rl in t he p rev io us w int e r and w h ic h I h ad e nj oye d v e ry m u ch

, ,

( I w as r e ad in g it a l o u d t o a frie n d ) I c am e a c ro s s t h e fo l l o w
,
in g
w o rd s : L a m é m e asp irat io n p assio nné e de l a m it e v e rs l et o il e
“ ’
,

de l ho mm e v e rs D ie u
’

( T he sam e p assio nat e l o ng ing o f t h e

’
.

m o t h fo r t he st ar o f m an fo r G o d )
, I h ad fo rgo t t e n t h is se nt e nc e
.

e nt ire l y b u t it seem e d v e ry c l e ar t o m e t h at p rec ise l y t h e se w o rd s

,

had re app e are d in m y h y p nag o g ic p oe m I n add it io n t o t h at it .

o c c u rre d t o m e t h at a p l ay se e n so m e y e ars p re v io u sl y L a M it e ,

e t L a F l amm e w as a fu rt h e r p o ssib l e c au se o f t h e p o em
’
, I t is .

e asy t o see ho w o ft e n t h e w o rd m o t h h ad b ee n im p re sse d u po n

Th e d e e p imp r e ss io n m ad e by t h e p o e m upo n t h e
autho r sh o ws th at sh e put in t o it a l arg e am ou n t o f lov e .

I n t h e e xpr e ss io n a sp ir at io n p a ss io nn é e we m e e t t he
p ass ion at e lo ng ing o f t h e m oth fo r t h e st ar o f m an fo r ,

G od and ind e e d t h e moth is M iss M ill e r h e rs e l f H e r

, , .

l ast ob s e rv at io n th at t h e wo rd m oth w as o ft e n im
p r e s s e d upo n h e r shows how o ft e n sh e h ad not ic e d t h e
word m oth as appl ic abl e to h e rs e l f H e r l o ng ing fo r .

Go d r e se mb l e s f t he f l o ng ing o the m o th or the s t ar .

T h e r e ad e r w ill r e c all th at th is e xpr e ss io n h as alr e ady h ad

a pl ac e in t h e e arl ie r m at e r ial wh e n t h e m or ning st ar s ,

s ang tog e th e r th at is to say t he sh ip s o flice r who s ing s

, ,
’
94 PS YC H OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
on d e ck in t h e night w atch T h e p as s io nat e lo nging fo r
.

G o d is t h e s am e as th at lo ng ing fo r t h e s ing ing m or ning

st ars I t w as p o int e d out at gr e at l e ngth in t h e fo r e
.

go ing ch apt e r th at t h is an alo gy is to b e e xp e ct e d : Sic

p arv is compo ne r e m agna so l e b am .

I t is sh am e ful o r e x alt e d j u st as o ne choos e s th at t h e ,

d iv ine lo nging o f hum anity wh ich is r e ally t h e fi rst th ing

,

to m ak e it hu m an should b e brought into co nn e ct io n w ith

,

an e rot ic ph an t asy S u ch a comp ar iso n j ars up on t h e fi ne r

.

f e e l ings Th e r e for e o ne is incl ine d in sp it e o f t he un

.
,

d e niabl e f acts to d isput e t h e co nne ct io n An I t al ian

.

st e e rs m an w ith brow n h air and bl ack mou st ach e and t he ,

lo ft ie st d e ar e s t co n c e pt io n o f hu m anity ! Th e s e two
,

th ings c ann ot b e brought tog e th e r ; ag ainst th is no t o nly

ou r r e l ig iou s f e e l ings r e volt but ou r t ast e also r e b e ls
, .

I t would c e rt ainly b e u nj ust to m ak e a co m p ar iso n o f

t h e two obj e cts as co ncr e t e t h ings S in c e th e y are so h e t e ro

g e n e o u s
. O n e lov e s a B e e thov e n so n at a but o n e lov e s
c av iar also I t would no t o ccur to any o ne to l ik e n t h e
.

so nat a to c av iar I t is a co m m o n e rro r fo r o ne t o j udg e

.

t h e lo ng ing accord ing to t h e qu al ity o f t h e obj e ct The .

app e t it e o f t h e gou rm and wh ich is o n ly s at isfi e d w ith

goos e l iv e r and qu ail is no m or e d ist ingu ish e d th an t h e

app e t it e o f t h e l abo r in g m an fo r cor n e d b e e f and c abb ag e .

T h e lo ng ing is t h e s am e ; t he obj e ct ch ang e s N atu r e is

.

b e aut iful o nly by v irtu e o f t h e lo ng ing and lov e g iv e n

h e r by m an . Th e aesth e t ic attr ibut e s e m an at ing fro m
th at h as influ e n c e p r im ar ily o n t h e l ib id o wh ich al o ne
,

co n st itut e s t h e b e auty o f n atur e T h e dr e am r e cogniz e s

.

th is w e ll wh e n it d e p icts a s t ro ng and b e aut iful fe e l ing by

96 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
a rou nd stro ng f e e l ing ( t he sum o f l ib ido ) P r o p e rly
a .
,

t h e fe e l ing is wh at g iv e s ch ar act e r and r e al it y to t h e com

pl e x . Th e a t t rib u t e s a nd sym b o ls o f t h e d iv inity m us t

1 0

b e l o ng in a c o ns is t e nt m anne r t o the f e e ling ( l o ng ing ,

l ov e,
lib id o , )
a nd s o hoonn ors G od .t h e If
su n o
o ner t h e ,

fire th e n o ne ho n or s o ne s o wn v it al forc e t h e l ib id o
’
, ,
.

I t is as S e ne c a s ays : G od 1 3 n e ar you h e is w ith you in , ,

you . G o d is ou r o wn lo ng ing to wh ich we p ay d iv in e

ho nors I f it w e r e not kn ow n how tr e m e ndously sig
.
1 1

n ificant r e l ig i o n w as and is th is m arv e llou s pl ay w ith , ,

o ne s s e l f would app e ar ab surd Th e r e m u st b e som e th ing

’
.

mor e th an th is how e v e r b e c au s e notw ithst and ing it s

, , ,

absurd it y it is in a c e rt ain s e n s e co n form abl e to t he

, , ,

pu rp os e in t h e h igh e st d e gr e e To b e ar a G o d w ith in .

’
o ne s s e l f s ignifi e s a gr e at d e al ; it is a gu ar ant e e o f h ap
p i n e s s o f
, pow e r in d e e d e v e n o f o m,n ip ot e n c e a s f a r a s ,

th e s e attr ibut e s b e lo ng to t h e D e ity To b e ar a G o d .

’
w ith in o ne s s e lf s ignifi e s j u st as mu ch as to b e G od o ne s
’

s e l f I n Chr ist ianity wh e r e it is tru e t h e gro ssly s e nsu al

.
, , ,

r e p r e s e nt at io n s and symbols are w e e d e d out as c ar e fully

as po ss ibl e wh ich s e e m s to b e a cont inu at io n o f t h e p ov
,

e rt y o f symbols o f t h e J e w ish cult th e r e are to b e found ,

pl ain tr ac e s o f th is p sycholo gy Th e r e are e v e n pl ain e r .

t r a c e s to b e su r e in t h e
, b e com ing o ne w ith G od in
,
-

thos e myst e r ie s clo s e ly r e l at e d to t he Chr ist ian wh e r e t he ,

m yst ic h im s e l f is l ift e d up to d iv ine ador at io n through

init iatory r it e s At t h e clo s e o f t h e co n s e cr at io n into t h e
.

I sis myst e r ie s t h e m yst ic w as crow ne d w it h t h e p al m

crow n h e w as pl ac e d o n a p e d e st al and w o rsh ipp ed as
,
1 2

H e l io s I n t h e m ag ic p apyru s o f t h e M it hr aic l it ur gy
.
"3
 TH E S ONG OF TH E M O TH 97

publ ish e d by D ie t e r ich th e r e

'

is t he
'
zep o s Ao y o s “
of t he

cons e cr at e d o ne
i w r rip
’

fi aiOo v s
’

E y o5 m Op t ic i
’

el O z j u n ll a r o s
‘ '

ua su r ov
'
c
’
a V crAa /x rt i wmf

Th e
myst ic in r e l igious e cst as ie s put h ims e l f o n a pl an e
w ith t he st ars j u st as a s aint o f t h e M iddl e Ag e s put
,

h im s e lf by m e ans o f t h e st igm at a o n a l e v e l w it h Chr ist .

S t F r an c is o f Ass is i e xp r e ss e d th is in a truly p ag an m an
.

ne r e v e n as far as a clos e r e l at io n sh ip w ith t h e broth e r

,

sun and t h e s ist e r moon Th e s e r e pr e s e nt at ions o f b e .

”
com ing o ne w ith G od are v e ry anc ie nt Th e old b e l ie f
-
.

r e mov e d t h e b e com ing o ne w ith G o d u nt il t he t im e a ft e r -

d e ath ; t h e myst e r ie s how e v e r sugg e st th is as t ak ing , ,

pl ac e alr e ady in th is world A v e ry old t e xt br ings mo st .

b e aut ifully b e fo r e o ne th is u nity w ith G od ; it is t he song

o f tr iumph o f t he asc e nd ing soul .

I am t he G od A t um I , w ho l
a o ne w as .

I am t he G o d R6 h is fi rst Spl e nd o r
at .

I am t h e g re at G o d , se lf c re at e d G o d -
,
of Gods ,

T o w ho m no o t he r G od c o m p are s.

I w as yest er a d y and k now t om o rrow ; t he b at t l e g round o f -

G o d s w as m ad e w he n I spo ke I k now t he name o f t hat

.

g re at G o d w ho t arrie s t he re in .

“
I am t h at g re at P hoenix w ho is in H e l iopol is , w ho t he re
keeps ac co u nt o f al l t he re is, o f all t h at e x ist s .

I “
am t he G od M in h is co m ing fo rt h , w ho p l ac e d t he
’

, at

fe at he rs upo n m y h e ad .
1 6

I am in m y c ou nt ry, I co me int o m y c it y. D aily I am t o

ge t her w it h m y fat her A t um

1 7
.

S ac d w d
re or .

l
‘ '

I am a st ar w an d i
e r ng ab o ut i
w t h y o u, and fl mia ng up f rom t h e d e p t h s .
98 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
My d riv e n aw ay and t he sin w hich w as in m e
im pu rit y is ,

is o v e rc o m e I w ash e d m y se l f in t h o se t w o g re at pool s o f w at e r
.

w h ic h are in H e rac l e o p o l is in w h ic h is pu rifi e d t he sac rifi c e o f

,
-

m ank in d fo r t hat g re at G o d w ho ab id e t h t h e re .

“
I go o n m y w ay t o w he re I w ash m y he ad in t he se a o f t he
righ t e o u s I arriv e at t his l and o f t he gl o rifi e d and e nt e r
.
,

t h ro u gh t h e S pl e nd id po rt al .

Thou w ho st and e st b e fo re m e st re t c h o u t t o m e t hy h and s

, , ,

it is I I am b e c o m e o ne o f t hee
,
D ail y am I t oge t he r w it h m y
.

F at her A t um .

T h e id e n t ifi c at io n w ith G od
c ss ar ily h as as a r e sult ne e

t h e e n h an c in g o f t h e m e anin g and p ow e r o f t h e ind i

v idu al Th at s e e m s first o f al l to h av e b e e n r e ally it s

.
18
, ,

pu rpos e : a str ength e ning o f t h e ind iv idu al ag ainst h is

all too gr e at w e ak ne s s and in s e cu r ity in r e al l if e Th is .

gr e at m e g alo m ania thus h as a g e nu ine ly p it iabl e b ack

grou nd Th e str e ngth e ning o f t h e co n sc ious ne s s o f
.

pow e r is how e v e r o nly an e xt e r nal r e sul t o f t he b e co m

, ,

ing o ne w ith G od
-
O f m u ch m o r e s ignifi c anc e are t h e
.

d e e p e r ly ing d is t urb anc e s in t h e r e al m o f f e e l ing W h o

-
.

ev er int ro v e r t s l ib id o —t h at is t o s ay, w h o e v e r t ake s it

a w ay fr o m j
a r e al o b e c t w it h o ut put t ing in it s pl ac e a r e al

co m e nsa t io
p n—i s o v e r t a ke n by the ine v it ab l e r e sul ts o f
in t r o v e rsio n wh ich is tur ne d inw ard into t h e
. T h e l ib ido ,
subj e ct aw ak e n s ag ain fro m amo ng t he sl e e p i ng r e m e m
,

b ran c e s o ne wh ich co nt ain s t h e p ath upo n wh ich e arl ie r

t h e l ib ido o n c e h ad co m e to t h e r e al o bj e ct At t he .

v e ry first and in fo r e m o st po s itio n it w as f ath e r and

moth e r who w e r e t h e obj e cts o f t he ch ild ish lov e Th e y .

a re u ne qu all e d and im p e r ish abl e N ot m any d iffi cult ie s .

are n e e d e d in an adult s l if e to c au s e thos e m e m or ie s to

’
I OO PS YC H OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
du e, d é o g, ié no zwao s,
'
u sp a v r o u lt r s uh a z 8 3/ 71 1) s
gp oo

d o rp o d cfp a
'
*
xn g g
'

o z o ao
,
.

T h e invo c at io n is, lmost in e xh au st ibl e in a s o ne see s , a

l ight and fire attr ibut e s and c an b e l ik e ne d in it s e x t rav a ,

g anc e o nly to t h e sy no nym ou s attr ibut e s o f lov e o f t h e

myst ic o f t h e M iddl e Ag e s Amo ng t he innum e r abl e .

t e xts wh ich m ight b e u s e d as an illu str at io n o f th is I ,

s e l e ct a p ass ag e from t h e wr it ings o f M e cht ild v o n

M agd e burg ( 1 2 1 2 1 2 7 7 ) -

O Lo rd l ov e m e ex cessive ly and l ov e me o ft en and l o ng ;

,

t h e o ft e ne r yo u l ov e m e so m u c h t h e pu re r do I b ec o m e ; t h e
‘

m o re e x c essiv el y yo u l ove m e t h e m o re b e au t ifu l I b ec o m e ;

“

t he l o ng e r yo u l ov e m e , t he m o re h o l y w il l I b e co m e he re upo n
”
e art h .

G od d : T hat I l ove you o ft e n t hat I hav e fro m my

answ e re ,

nat u re fo r I m y se lf am l ove
, T hat I l ov e you e x c e ssiv e l y t h at .
,

I have from m y d esire fo r I t o o d e sire t h at m e n l ov e m e e x c e s

,

siv e l y That I l ov e yo u l o ng t hat I h ave fro m m y ev e rl ast ingness

.
, ,

”
fo r I am w it ho u t e nd
2’
.

T he
r e l ig iou s r e gr e ss io n m ak e s use ind e e d o f t he
p ar e nt im ag e w ithout how e v e r co n sc iously m ak ing it an , ,

obj e ct O f tr ans f e r e nc e fo r t h e inc e st ho rror forb ids ,

th at I t r e m ains r ath e r as a sy no nym fo r e x ampl e o f t h e

.
, ,

fath e r o r o f G od o r o f t he mor e o r l e ss p e rso nifi e d ,

symbol o f t h e sun and fire ” —

Sun and fire th at is to say .
,

‘
Hea r m e , g rant m e my p ray e r —B i n d i ng t o g e t h e r th e fi y er b o tsl of

h e av e n w t h i
i i tw b d i d fi y ky c t f h m ni t y fi b t h i ng
sp r t , o- o e er s ,
re a o r o u a ,
re - re a ,

fi y pi it d pi it
er -
s l b i ng j i c i ng i fi b t y f h m ni t y l
r e , s r ua e f re o n re , e au o u a ,
ru e r o

h um ni ty f fi y b dy l i g h t g i
a ot m fier c tt i ng fi g i t t d l i f
o ,
-
v er o e n, re - s a er ,
re - a a e ,
e

of h m ni t y fi
u whi l d m a f m
, wh c nf d w i t h t h nd
re - r e , ov e r o en o o o un s u e r,

f m d m ng m n i nc
a e a i ng t h h m n c nl i g h t ni ng h m ni t y n
o e ,
re as e u a ra e , e e u a , co

q ue ro r o f st ars.
 TH E S ONG OF TH E M O TH 10 1

t he fruct ify ing str e ngth and h e at are attr ibut e s o f t h e —

l ib ido I n M yst ic ism t he inw ardly p e rc e iv e d d iv ine
.
,

V i s i on I s o ft e n m e r e ly sun or l ight and is v e ry l ittl e o r , ,

no t at all p e rson ifi e d , I n t he M ithr aic l itu rgy th e r e is

.

found fo r e x ampl e a sig nific ant quot at ion

, , ,

m 08 0551/ 6 1 0? d io n o v ,
’ ’ '
1 0 17
’ '
H 68 fl op e za ro w op o e r co v 71 a

ds y o u, 08 0 6 w j fl
‘
a v r o er a z
'
zp

H ild e g ard e von B ing e n ( 1 1 00-1 1 7 )

8 e xp r e ss e s h e rs e lf
in t he follow ing m ann e r

B ut t he l igh t I see b right e r t h an

is no t l o c al , b ut far o ff, and

t he c l o u d w hic h
suppo rt s t he su n I c an in no w ay k now t h e .

fo rm o f t his l igh t sinc e I c anno t e nt ire l y see t he sun s d isc

’
B ut .

w it hin t h is l ight I see at t im e s and infre q ue nt l y ano t h e r l igh t , ,

w h ic h is c al l e d b y m e t he l iv ing l igh t b u t w he n and in w h at ,

m anne r I see t h is I do no t k now h ow t o say and w he n I see it ,

all w e arine ss and ne e d is l ift e d fro m m e t he n t o o I feel l ike a , ,

”
simp l e g irl and no t l ik e an o l d w om an .

Sym e on , t he N ew Th e ologian ( 9 7 0 says t h e

follow ing

My t o ngue l ac k s w o rd s, and w hat h appens in m e my spirit

se e s c l e arl y b ut d oes no t xpl ain I t sees t he invisib l e t hat

e . ,

e m p t iness o f all fo rm s, sim p l e t h ro ughou t no t c o mp l e x and in , ,

e x t e nt infi nit e . F o r it se es no b e g inning , and it se es no e nd. It

is e nt ire l y u nc onsc ious o f t he m e anings, and d o es no t k now w h at
to ca ll Som e t h ing c o m pl e t e appe ars it see ms
t h at w h ic h it see s. ,

t o m e no t ind ee d t h rou gh t he b e ing it sel f b u t t h ro u gh a p art ic ip a

, ,

t ion F o r yo u e nk ind l e fi re fro m fi re and yo u rec e iv e t h e w h ol e

.
,

fi re ; b ut t h is re m ains u nd im inish e d and u nd iv id e d as b e fo re ,

.

S im il arly , t h at w hic h d iv id e d sep arat e s it sel f fro m t he fi rst ; and

is
l ike so me t hing c o rpo re al sp re ad s it se l f int o sev e ral l ight s This . ,

T h e p at h
*
of t h e v s i ib l e Go d s w il l app e ar t h ro ugh t h e sun, t h e G od
f
my at h e r .
 102 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
ho w eve r, is so m e t h ing sp irit u a l ,
imm e asu rab l e , ind iv isib l e , and in
e x h au st i ble . F o r it is no t sep arat e d w he n it b e c o m es m any , b u t
re m ains u n d iv id e d and is in m e , and e nt e rs w it h in m y po o r h e art
l ik e a su n or c irc u ar l d isc of t he su n, sim i ar l to t he l igh t ,
” 25
fo r it is a l igh t .

Th at th at th ing p e rc e iv e d as inne r l ight as t h e sun o f

, ,

t h e oth e r world is lo ng ing is cl e arly shown by Sym e o n s

’
, ,

words
And fo llow ing I t m y sp irit d em and e d b
t o e m rac e t h e sp e n or l d
b e he l d , b u t it fo u n d I t no t as c re at u re and d id no t d in
su cc e e

c o m in g o u t from d b e ings so t h at
am o ng c re at e , it m ight e m b rac e

t h at u nc re at e d and u nc om p reh e n d e d sp l e nd o r . N ev e rt he l ess it

w and e re d e v e ryw he re and st ro v e t o b e ho l d I t,
. I t pe ne t rat ed t he

air, it w and e r e d o v er t he H e av e ns it , c r o sse d o v er t h e ab ysse s, it

“
se ar c h e d, as it se e m e d to it , t he en ds o f t he w o rl d . B u t in al l
of t h at it fo und no t h ing , fo r al l w as c re at e d . And I l am e nt e d
an d w as so rro w fu l , an d my b re ast b u rne d ,
and I l iv e d as o ne

d ist rau gh t in m ind B ut I t c am e as I t w oul d and d esce nd ing

.
, ,

l ik e a l u m ino u s m y st ic c l o u d I t se e m e d t o e nv e l op m y w ho l e h e ad so
,

t h at d ism ay e d I c rie d o u t B u t fl y ing aw ay ag ain I t l e ft m e al one

. .

And w he n I t ro ub l e d so u gh t fo r I t I re al iz e d su dd enl y t hat I t

, , ,

w as in m e , m yse l f, a nd in t h e m idst o f m y heart I t appe are d as

t he l ig h t o f a sphe rical su n .

In N ie tzsch e s ’
G lory and E t e r nity we m e e t w ith an

e ss e nt ially s im il ar sy m bol :
H ush ! I see v ast ne ss — nd a of v ast y t h ings

S h all m an b e d o ne , u nl ess he c an e nsh rine

T he m w it h h is w o rd s ? T he n k
t a e t h e nigh t w h ic h b rings
T h e he art u p o n t hy t o ngu e , c h arm e d w isd o m m ine !

I l oo k ab ov e , t he re ro ll s t h e st ar- st re w n se a .

O nigh t , mut e sil e nc e , l

v o ic e e ss c ry o f st ars !

And 10 ! A S ign ! T he he av e n it s v e rge u n ars b

A shining c o nst el l at io n fall s t ow ard s m e .
”

T r a n s at e l d by Dr . T G W
. . re n ch .
19 4 PSY C H OLOG Y O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
and fire ,but m ak e s use o f wholly oth e r m e ans o f e xpr e s
s ion . I y ie ld p r e c e d e nc e to N ie tz sch e

T h e B eac o n

H e re w he re t h e isl and g re w am id
, t he se as,

A sac rifi c ial ro c k h igh t ow e ring -

,

H e re u nd e r d arkl ing h e ave ns ,

Z arat hust ra l igh t s h is m o unt ain fi re s -

.

T hese fl ame s w it h g re y w h it e b e ll y -
,

I n c o l d d ist anc e s sp ark l e t h e ir d e sire ,

S t re t c he s it s nec k t ow ard s eve r pu re r he igh t s

A snake u p re are d in im p at ie nce
This signal I se t up t he re b e fo re m e .

Th is fl am e is m ine ow n soul ,

I nsat iab l e fo r new d ist ances ,

S pee d ing upw ard upw ard it s S il ent he at

, .

At al l l o nel y ones I now t h row m y fi sh ing ro d.

G ive answ e r t o t he fl am e s im p at ie nce

’
,

L e t m e t he fi she r o n h igh m ou n t ains

, ,

C at ch my sev e nt h , l ast so l it ud e !

H e r e l ib ido b e com e s fire fl am e and s nak e T h e , .

E gypt ian symbol o f t h e l iv ing d is c o f t h e sun t he d is c ,

w ith t h e two e ntw ining s nak e s co nt ains t h e co m b inat io n ,

o f both t h e l ib ido analog ie s T h e d isc o f t he sun w it h .

it s fru ct ify ing w armth is analogou s to t h e fru ct ify ing

w ar m th o f lov e T h e co m p ar iso n o f t h e l ib ido w ith sun
.

and fire is in r e al ity analogou s .

Th e r e is also a c au s at iv e e l e m e nt in it fo r sun and

’

“
,

fire as b e ne fic e nt p ow e rs are obj e cts o f hum an lov e ; fo r

e x ampl e t he
, sun h e r o M ithr a is c all e d t h e
-
w e ll
* “
E cc H
e omo,
”
l
t rans at e d by A M L u d v i c i . . o .
 TH E S O N G OF TH E M O TH 1 05

’
b e lov e d I n N ie tzs ch e s po e m t h e comp ar ison is also a
.

c au s at iv e o ne but th is t im e in a r e v e rs e d s e ns e T he
, .

co m p ar iso n w ith t h e s nak e is u ne qu ivo c ally ph all ic co r ,

r e spo nd ing co m pl e t e ly w ith t he t e nd e n cy in ant iqu ity ,

wh ich w as to se e in t h e symbol o f t he ph allus t h e qu int e s

s e nc e o f l if e and fru itfuln e ss Th e ph al l us is t h e s o urc e .

o f l if e a nd l ib id o , t he g r e a t c re a t o r and w o rke r o f
m irac l e s, such it r e c e iv e d r e v e r e n c e e v e rywh e r e
and as .

W e h av e th e r e fo r e thr e e d e s ign at ing symbols o f t h e

, ,

l ib ido : F irst t h e c o mparis o n b y anal o gy as sun and

, ,

fire . S e co nd t h e c o mpariso ns b ase d o n c ausa t iv e re l a

,

t io ns as A : O bj e ct comp ar iso n
,
T h e l ib ido is d e s ig nat e d .

by it s obj e ct fo r e x ampl e t h e b e ne fice nt sun B : Th e sub

, , .

f e e t c o m p a r is o n in wh ich t h e ,
l ib ido is d e s ign at e d by it s

pl ac e o f o r ig in o r by analog ie s o f th is fo r e x ampl e by , ,

ph allu s o r ( analogou s ) sn ak e .

T o th e s e two fu nd am e nt al forms o f comp ar ison st ill a

th ird is add e d I n wh ich t he t e rt ium co mp arat io nis is
,

t h e ac t iv ity ; fo r e x ampl e t he l ib ido is d ang e rous wh e n ,

—
f e cund at ing l ik e t he bull through t he pow e r o f it s p as
—
s io n l ik e t he l ion l ik e t he r ag ing bo ar wh e n in h e at l ike
, ,

t h e e v e r rutt ing ass and s o o n

-
, .

Th is act iv ity comp ar iso n c an b e long e qu ally w e ll to t h e

c at e gory o f t h e analogou s o r to t he c at e gory o f t he c au s a
t iv e co m p ar iso n s Th e po ssib ilit ie s o f c o mparis o n m e an
.

j us t as m any p o ssib ilit ie s fo r sym b o lic ex p re ssio n, and

from symbols so far

th is b as is all t h e infi nit e ly v ar ie d ,

as th e y a re l ib id o im ag e s m ay prop e rly b e r e duc e d to a ,

v e ry s im pl e root th at is ju st t o l ib id o a nd it s fix e d
, ,

im it i l it i Th is p sycholog ic r du ct io n and sim

p r v e qua e s e .
1 06 PSY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS

p lifi c at io n is in accord anc e w ith t h e h istor ic e ffo rts o f c iv il

iz at io n to u nify and s im pl ify to sy ncr e t iz e t he e ndl e ss , ,

nu m b e r o f t h e gods W e co m e acro ss t his d e s ir e as far

.

b ack as t h e old E gyp t ians wh e r e t h e u nl im it e d poly t h e is m

,

as e x e m pl ifi e d in t h e nu m e rou s d e m o n s o f pl ac e s fi nally

n e c e ss it at e d s im pl ific at io n All t h e v ar ious loc al gods

.
,

Amo n o f Th e b e s H o ru s o f E dfu Ho ru s o f t h e E ast

, , ,

C h num o f E l e ph ant in e Atu m o f H e l io pol is an d oth e r s

, , ,

b e c am e id e nt ifi e d w ith t h e sun G od R é I n t h e hym ns to .

t h e sun t h e co m p os it e b e ing A m o n R é H ar m a ch is Atu m - - -

”
w as invok e d as t h e o nly god wh ich truly l iv e s
3°
.

A m e nhot e p I V ( X V I I I dyn asty ) w e nt t he furth e st

in th is d ir e ct io n .H e r e pl ac e d al l form e r gods by t h e
l iv ing gr e at d isc o f t he sun t he o ffi c ial t it l e r e ad ing
,

T he su n ru l ing b o t h ho riz o ns, t riu m ph an t in t he ho riz o n in

his nam e ; t he gl it t e ring spl e n dor w h ic h is in t he su n s
’
d isc .
”

And , ind e e d , E r m an a dds ,

31
t h e sun , as a G od ,

should no t b e ho nor e d but t he sun its e l f as a pl ane t wh ich

,

im p arts through it s r ays t h e infi nit e l if e wh ich is in it

32

to all l iv ing cr e atu r e s .

A m e nhot e p I V by h is r e form co m pl e t e d a work wh ich

is psycholog ic ally imp ort ant H e u nit e d al l t h e bull
.
,

r am cro cod il e and p il e dw e ll ing gods into t h e d isc 36

'
35 -
,

o f th e sun and m ad e it cl e ar th at th e ir v ar ious attr ibut e s

,

w e r e co m p at ibl e w ith t he su n s attr ibut e s A s im il ar’

.
37

fat e ov e rtook t h e H e ll e nic and R om an polyth e ism

through t h e syncr e t ist ic e ffo rts o f l at e r c e ntu r ie s T h e .

b e au t iful p r ay e r o f L uc iu s to t h e qu e e n o f t h e H e av e n s
3 8

fu r nish e s an im port ant pr o o f o f th is :

1 08 PSY CH OLOG Y OF TH E UN C O N S C I O U S
m in e o wn s oul We
th at t h e s n ak e is to b e t ak e n
saw

as a ph all ic im ag e o f t h e l ib ido ( up r e a r e d in im p at ie n c e
) ,

and th at th is im ag e als o an attr ibut e o f t h e co n c e pt io n o f

,

t h e sun ( t h e E gypt ian sun idol ) is an im ag e o f t h e ,

l ib ido in t h e comb inat io n o f sun and ph allu s I t is n o t .

a wholly str ang e conc e pt ion th e r e fo r e th at t h e sun s ’

, ,

d isc is r e pr e s e nt e d w ith a p e nis as w e ll as w ith h ands and ,

f e e t W e fi nd p roo f fo r th is id e a in a p e cul iar p art o f

.

t he M ithr aic l it ur g y : 6/d o i Oé u a i 6 n a ll o zS/x e r o s a zilt ds

‘
‘

i Ae zr o v p y o fi v r o s cir c yu o v i d
f ' ” ’

77 a p xr } 1 0 17 . O I/1 8 1 y orp a n
'
1 06

5 m ill o r fpce r o r
’

d ia u o v (4 5 up e/xc .
*

Th is e xtr e m e ly impo rt ant v is ion o f a tub e h ang ing

down from t h e sun would p roduc e in a r e l ig iou s t e xt su ch ,

as th at o f t h e M ithr aic l iturgy a str ang e and at t h e s am e ,

t im e m e aningl e ss e ffe ct if it d id no t h av e t he p h all ic m e an

ing .T h e tub e is t h e pl ac e o f o r igin o f t h e w ind T he .

ph all ic m e aning s e e ms v e ry f aint in th is id e a but o ne ,

must r e m e mb e r th at t h e w ind as w e ll as t h e sun is a , ,

fruct ifie r and cr e ator Th is h as alr e ady b e e n p o int e d out

.

in a footnot e Th e r e is a p ictur e by a G e r m anic p aint e r

.
41

o f t he M iddl e Ag e s o f t h e c o nce pt io imm acul at a

wh ich d e s e rv e s m e nt ion h e r e T h e conc e pt io n is re p re .

s e nt e d by a tub e o r p ip e co m ing down fro m h e av e n and

p ass ing b e n e ath t he sk irt o f M ary I nto th is fl ie s t he .

Holy G host in t h e form o f a dov e for t he impr e gn at ion

o f t he M oth e r o f G od .

Hon e gge r d is cov e r e d t h e follow ing h allu c inat io n in an

ins an e m an ( p ar ano id d e m e nt ) T h e p at ie nt s e e s in t h e
I n l i k m nn
*
eth c l l d t b th
a er ei g i n f t h m i ni t i ng w i nd
so - a e u e, e or o e s er ,

w ill b c m i i b l F it w i l l pp a t y u a t ub h ng i ng d w n
e o e v s e . or a e r o o as e a o

f ro m
'
t h e sun .
 TH E S ONG OF TH E M O TH 1 09

sun upr ight t ail s im il ar to an e r e ct e d p e n is Wh e n

an .

h e mov e s h is h e ad b ack and forth th e n too t h e su n s

’
, , ,

p e nis sw ays b ack and forth in a l ik e m ann e r and out o f ,

th at t he w ind ar is e s Th is str ang e h alluc in at ion r e m ain e d

.

un int e ll ig ibl e to u s fo r a lo ng t im e u nt il I b e c am e ac
qu a int e d w ith t h e M ithr aic l itur g y an d it s v is io n s Th is .

h alluc inat ion thr e w an illum in at ing l ight as it app e ars to ,

m e upon a v e ry O bscu r e pl ac e in t he t e xt wh ich imm e di

,

at e ly follow s t h e p ass ag e p r e v io usly c it e d

sis 6 43 ra i y ep r;
’
i
r a ft p o c
’
ll zfl a i ép a v r o u
c u o orf i nll zm rnv
an
'
.

aim yh zafir o v o
5 i y ep n
’ ’
Eaw u su ll np mfl e u o g s i s os
‘

7 ra r ov

i i
’
i usp nm i s u e zr ov
'
' ’ ’

p
’
sr ep o s o uo zao s e zs r a oz ez f r r a n o p op a r
,

T O U o p a fl a r o s.i

M e ad tr ansl at e s th is v e ry cl e arly

And d
t ow ar s t he re g io ns w e st w ard , as t hough it w ere an

infi n it e E ast w ind . B u t if t h e ot he r w ind , d

t o w ar s t he re g io ns

of t he E ast , h
s oul d b e in se rv ice , in t he l ik e fash io n sh al t t hou

d
se e t ow ar s t he re g io ns o f t hat si e t he c o nv e rse o f t he sight . d

In or ig inal gp a y a is t h e v is io n t h e th ing s e e n
t he ,
.

ain o o op af m e an s prop e rly t h e c a rry in g a w ay T h e

g .

s e ns e o f t h e t e xt accord ing to th i s m i ght b e : t h e th ing

, ,

s e e n m ay b e c arr ie d o r tu r ne d so m e t im e s h e r e som e t im e s ,

th e r e acco rd ing to t he d ir e ct ion o f t h e w ind T h e

, .

”
sp a wn: is t h e tub e t h e pl a c e o f o r ig in o f t h e w ind
, ,

wh ich tu r n s som e t im e s to t h e e ast so m e t im e s to t h e w e st , ,

and o ne m ight add g e ne r at e s t h e corr e spond ing w ind

, , .

T h e v is ion o f t he in s ane m an co in c id e s asto nish ingly w ith

th is d e scr ipt io n o f t he m ov e m e nt o f t h e tub e .
1 10 P SY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
T he v ar iou s attr ibut e s o f t h e sun s e p ar at e d into a
,

s e r ie s app e ar o ne a ft e r t h e oth e r in t h e M ithr aic

,

l itu rgy .A ccord ing to t h e v is io n o f H e l io s s e v e n ,

m aid e n s app e ar w ith t h e h e ads o f sn ak e s and s e v e n gods

,

w ith t he h e ads o f bl ack bulls .

I t is e asy to u nd e rst and t he m aid e n as a symbol o f t h e

l ib ido u se d in t h e se nse o f c aus at iv e co m p ar iso n T h e .

sn ak e in P ar ad is e is usu ally co ns id e r e d as f e m inine as t h e ,

s e du ct iv e p r in c ipl e in wom an and is r e p r e s e nt e d as f e m i

,

n ine by t h e old a rt ists although p rop e rly t h e s n ak e h as a

,

ph all ic m e aning Through a s im il ar ch ang e o f m e aning

.

t h e s nak e in ant iqu ity b e com e s t h e sy m b ol o f t h e e ar t h ,

wh ich o n it s S id e is alw ays co ns id e r e d f e m inin e T h e bull .

is t h e w e ll k now n symbol fo r t h e fru it ful ne s s o f t h e

-

sun . T h e bull gods int h e M ithr aic l itu rgy w e r e c all e d

u r moa u o m é h a ue g , gu ard ians o f t h e ax is o f t h e e arth ,

by whom t h e axl e o f t h e orb o f t h e h e av e ns w as tu r ne d .

T h e d iv ine m an M ithr a also h ad t h e s am e attr ibut e s ;

, ,

h e is som e t im e s c all e d t h e S ol inv ict a s its e l f som e

“
,

t im e s t h e m ighty c o m p an io n an d rul e r o f H e l io s ; h e hold s

in h is r ight h and t he b e ar co nst e ll at io n wh ich m ov e s

,

and t u r n s t h e h e av e ns . T h e bull h e ad e d g o ds e qu ally

-
,

fil m /1 0 1 r ea r fa r w ith M ithr a h im s e l f t o

‘
i sno t ua i /
,

”
who m t h e attr ibut e r soir ep o g you ng o ne
,
t he ne w
,

com e r is giv e n are m e r e ly attr ibut iv e compo ne nts o f

, ,

t h e sam e d iv inity T h e ch ie f god o f t h e M ithr aic l itu rgy

.

is h ims e l f subd iv id e d into M ithr a and H e l ios ; t h e at t ri

but e s O f e ach o f th e s e are clos e ly r e l at e d to t h e oth e r .

O f H e l io s it is s aid : fii/ e z 08 6V r e ca r ep o r 8 138 1 6 77 fl v p zu d

'
J
1 12 PSY C H OLOGY OF T H E UN C ON S C I OUS
I saw o ne sit t ing l ik e unt o t h e so n o f m an, h aving on h is h e ad a

g o l d e n c ro w n , an d in h is h and a sh arp S ic k l e .
” ‘ s
—R ev . x iv : 1 4 .

And h is e ye s w e re as a fl am e of fi re , an d u p o n h is h e ad w e re
m any d iad e m s . An d h e w as array e d in a g arm e nt sp rink l e d

w it h b loo d . And t he arm ies w h ich w e re in he av e n fol l ow e d

h im upo n w h it e ho rse s, d in
c l o t he fi ne l ine n,
" 0
w h it e and p u re
—R
.

An d o ut o f h is m o u t h p ro cee d e d a S h arp sw o r d . ev . x ix

12 1 5
-
.

O ne d not as sum e th at th e r e is a d ir e ct d e p e nd e ncy

ne e

b e tw e e n t h e Apoc alyp s e and t h e M ithr aic l itu r gy T he .

v is io nary im ag e s o f both t exts are d e v e lop e d from a

sourc e not l im it e d to o ne pl ac e , but fou nd in t he soul
,

o f m any d iv e rs p e opl e b e c au s e t h e symb ols wh ich ar is e

,

from it are too typ ic al for it to b e long to o ne ind iv idu al

o nly I put th e s e im ag e s h e r e to S how how t he p r im it iv e
.

sym bol ism o f l ight gr adu ally d e v e lop e d w ith t h e incre as ,

ing d e pth o f t h e v is io n into t h e id e a o f t h e sun h e ro t h e

,
-
,

”
w e ll b e lov e d
-
T h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e sy m b ol o f
.
51

l ight is thoroughly typ ic al I n add it io n to th is p e rh ap s .

,

I m ight c all to m ind t h e f act th at I h av e p r e v iously

po int e d out th is cours e w ith nu m e rou s e x ampl e s and ,
52
,

th e r e for e I c an sp ar e mys e lf t h e troubl e o f r e turn ing to

,

t h is subj e ct Th e s e v is io n ary o ccurr e nc e s are t h e p sy

.
53

c h o l o g ic al roots o f t h e sun co ro nat io n s in t h e myst e r ie s

-
.

I ts r it e is r e l ig iou s h allu c inat io n co ng e al e d into l iturgic al

form wh ich on accou nt o f it s gr e at r e gul ar it y could b e
, , ,

com e a g e n e r ally acc e pt e d out e r fo rm A ft e r all th is it .

,

is e as ily und e rstood how t h e an c ie nt Chr ist ian Church o n ,

o ne s id e stood in an e sp e c ial bo nd to Chr ist as sol

,

novus and o n t he oth e r s id e h ad a c e rt ain d iffi cul t y in

, , ,

fr e e ing its e lf fro m t h e e ar t hly sy m b o ls o f Chr ist I n d e e d .

 TH E SONG OF TH E M O TH 1 1 3

P h ilo o f Al e x andr ia saw in t h e sun t he im ag e of t he d iv ine

logo s o r o f t h e D e ity e sp e c ially De S o m niis I ,

I n an Ambros ian hymn Chr ist is invok e d by O sol

sal ut is and so on At t he t im e o f M arcu s Aur e l iu s
, .
,

M e l iton in his work wep t Ao zirp o v c all e d Chr ist t he

, ,
54
,

d r a r oll fis 51 i
'

H MO ; if i
" '
ll zo s a r e r e zlt e u
’
‘

y o r og 0 05 an

s
o v p cw o v .

S t ill mo r e import ant is a p ass ag e from P s e udo Cyp -

O qu am p rze c ara l p ro v ide nt ia ut il l o die q u o fac t u s e st so l ,

in ip so die n asc e re t u r C h rist us , v . K al Ap r fe ria I V ,

. . et id eo
de ipso ad p l e b e m dic e b at M al ac h ias p rO ph e t a : O rie t u r b is
‘
vo

e e t c u rat io e st in p e nn is e j us, h ic est so l iu st it iae c u is

’
so l iu st it iz
” 5’
in p e nn is c u rat io p rae o st e n de b at u r .
f
wo rk nom inally attr ibut e d to John Chrysostomu s
In a ,

”
De S o l st it iis e t Ae quino ct ns o ccu rs th is p ass ag e : ,
57

S ed et d om inus n asc it u r m ense De c e m b ri h ie m is t e m po re ,

VII I K al J anu arias, q uand o o ea
e l
m at u rm p rae m u n t u r u t u nc t io ,

—
. .

id e st C h rism a ,
n asc at u r se d e t I nv ic t i n at al e m app e l l an t . Q u is
ut i ue q t am inv ic t u s n isi d o m inus no st e r q u i m o rt e m su b ac t am

de v ic it ? Ve l qu d o d ic ant S o l is e sse n at a e m , l ip se e st so l iu st it im,

de quo M al ac h ias p rO phe t a d ix it : D om inus l uc is ac noc t is con

dit or e t disc re t o r q u i a phO phe t a So l iust it iae c o g no m inat us est

’
.
I
*
H li e o s, ii
t h e r s ng sun —h t e on ly sun r s ng ii f ro m h e av e n !
I “
0 , h ow re m ar k bl a e a p ro v i d nc ee t h at C h ri st sh o u ld b e b o rn on the
s ame d ay on wh i ch t h e sun m ov e s o nw ar d V K l
, . a . of Ap i l r the f o u rt h

ho l i d ay and f t h i, a n th p ph t
or s re so e ro e M l ch i a a sp o k e to the pe o p l e

c nc ni ng C h i t : U nt y u h a l l t h e un
o er r s o o s s of r i ght e o u sne ss i
a r se w th i
h e a l i ng in h is w i ng s t h i s is t h e un o f i g h t e , s r o usne ss in w h o se w i ng s he a l
ing h a l l b e d i sp l ay e d
s .
’

fM o re o v e r
I: t he L d
or is b o rn in t h e m o nt h of Dc e e mb e r in t h e w i nt er o n

t he 8 th K al . of J anu y ar w hen th e r ip e o li v e s a re g at h e re d ,
so t h at t h e o il ,
t h at c h i m m ay b p d uc d m
is t h e r s t h ey c a l l it t h e b i
, e ro e ,
o re o v e r rt h d ay of

t h e U nc o nq ue e d O ne W h in any c a i a u nc nq u e d a
r . o se s s o er s o ur L d or ,

w h o c onq ue re d d at h i t se lf ? O w h y h u l d t h ey c a l l it t h e b i
e r s o rt h dy a of
1 1 4 P SY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OU S

Accord ing to t he t e st imony o f E u s e b ius o f Al e x andr ia ,

t h e Chr ist ians also sh ar e d in t h e wo rsh ip o f t he r is ing

sun wh ich l ast e d into t he fi fth c e ntury

,

6V {571 4 9 7 u a l 1 75V d eb it/ 77V n a i

’
ov a i r o is fl p o a u v u o v m 1

d o r ép a s H O AAo zis y aip o id a f o r}; n p o a u v r o v r r a s u a l

‘

e v xo ué r o v s si s T O V 771 1 0 74 7 1 6 77 y cip cir a r e ilt a r r o s r o v

777t zo v , n p o o e v xo r r a z u a l Aé y o v o w
“ ’
E h é 770 o v m ”
u cus u a l o u
' ' '

r o u t o r oid r a z u a i a zp sr m o z r o v r o n o zo v o w a Ml a
y o y
i
' '
ua z xp zo r za r oi ua l a oe Vt es
g 1 777 ru O n V
'

r o is a zp e r m o i s

m m
'
' ' fi
O v v a p zy v v

Augu st ine p r e ach e d e mph at ic ally to t he Chr ist ians

N o n e st D o m inu s S l fac t us
o se d pe r qu em S o l fac t us e St —n e

qu i s c arn a l it e r sap ie ns S o l em ist um ( C h rist u m ) int el l ig e ndum

”
p u t are t .

Art h as pr e s e rv e d mu ch o f t h e r e mn ants o f sun

w o rsh ip thus t he nim bu s arou nd t h e h e ad o f Chr ist and
,
58

t h e h alo o f t h e s aints in g e ne r al T h e Chr ist ian l e g e nds .

also attr ibut e m any fire an d l ight symbols to t h e s aints

59
.

T h e tw e lv e apo stl e s fo r e x ampl e are l ik e ne d to t he , ,

tw e lv e s igns o f t h e zod iac and are r e pr e s e nt e d th e r e , ,

fo r e w ith a st ar ov e r t h e h e ad
,
.

I t is no t to b e wo nd e r e d at th at t he h e ath e n as T e r ,

tull ian avows cons id e r e d t h e sun as t h e Chr ist ian G od

,
.

t h e sun ; h e h m se i lf is t h e su n o f r i gh t e o u sne ss, c o nc e rni ng w h om M l ch i

a a ,

t h e p ro p h e t , sp o k e :
‘
T he L d or is t h e au t h o r o f l i g h t nd a of d a kn
r e ss, he
is t h e j ud g e sp o ken of b y t h e p ro p h e t as t h e S un o f r g h t e o u sne ss i .

Ah ! w o e to the i
w o rsh p p e rs o f t h e sun and t h e m o o n and t h e st ars .

Fo r I k n w m ny o a i
w o rsh p p e rs and p ra e r s a e rs t o t h e sun y
F o r no w y .

at th i i ng f t h
e r s o e su n , t h e y
w o rsh p a nd s ay , i
av e m e r y o n u s,
’
and H c
no t on ly th e s u n- ic ic
g no st s a n d t h e h e re t s d o t h s, b ut a so C h r st ans i l i i
w ho l e av e the r i f ith a an d m ix w t h i the h e re t ic s .
1 1 6 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
ea rth c au s ing night to follow d ay ; w int e r summ e r ; d e ath
, , ,

l if e ; and who r e tu r n s ag ain in r e j uv e n at e d spl e ndo r and

giv e s l ight to ne w g e ne r at io ns T h e lo ng ing o f t h e .

dr e am e r c o n c e al e d b e h ind t h e m o th st ands for him .

T h e anc ie nt p re As iat ic c iv il iz at io ns w e r e acqu aint e d

-

w it h a sun w o r sh ip h av ing t h e id e a o f a G od dy ing and

-

r is ing ag ain ( O s ir is T amm u z Att is Ado nis )

, Chr ist
,
-

,
64
,

M ithr a and h is bull P h oenix and so o n T h e b e ne fic e nt

,
65
.

pow e r as w e ll as t he d e stroy ing pow e r was worsh ipp e d in

fi re . T h e forc e s o f n atu r e alw ays h av e two s id e s as w e ,

h av e alr e ady s e e n in t h e G od o f Job Th is r e c ip roc al .

bo nd b r ings us b ack o nc e mor e to M iss M ill e r s p o e m ’

.

H e r r e m inisc e n c e s supp ort ou r p r e v ious suppo s it ion th at ,

t h e symbol o f m oth and sun is a co nd e ns at io n o f t vv o

id e as about o ne o f wh ich we h av e j ust spok e n ; t h e oth e r

,

is t h e moth and t h e fl am e A s t he t itl e o f a pl ay about

.
,

t h e co nt e nts o f wh ich t h e author t e lls u s absolut e ly n oth

ing , M oth and F l am e m ay e as ily h av e t h e w e ll known -

e rot ic m e aning o f fly ing arou n d t h e fl am e o f p ass ion u nt il

on e s w ings are bu r ne d T h e p ass io nat e lo ng ing th at is

’
.
,

to say t h e l ib ido h as it s two s id e s ; it is p ow e r wh ich

, ,

b e aut ifie s e v e ryth ing and wh ich u nd e r oth e r c ircu m

,

st anc e s d e stroys e v e ryth ing I t O ft e n app e ars as if o ne

.

could not accur at e ly u nd e rst and in wh at t h e d e stroy ing

qu al ity O f t h e cr e at iv e p ow e r co ns ists A wom an who .

g iv e s h e rs e l f up to p ass io n p art icul arly und e r t he p r e s e nt

,

d ay cond it ion o f cultu r e e xp e r ie nc e s t h e d e struct iv e s id e

,

only too soon O ne h as o nly to im agine o ne s s e lf a l ittl e

.
’

aw ay from t h e e v e ry d ay mor al co nd it ions in ord e r to

-

u nd e rst and wh at f e e l ings o f e xtr e m e ins e cu r ity ov e rwh e l m

 THE SONG O F THE M O TH 1 1 7

t he ind iv idu al who g iv e s h ims e lf uncond it ion ally ov e r to

F at e .

’
To b e fru itful m e ans ind e e d to d e stroy o ne s s e lf b e
, , ,

c au s e w ith t h e r is e o f t he succ e e d ing g e n e r at ion t h e p re

v io us o ne h as p ass e d b e yond it s h igh e st po int ; thu s ou r

d e sc e nd ants are our most d ang e rous e n e m ie s whom we ,

c annot ov e rcom e fo r th e y w ill outl iv e u s and th e r e

, , ,

for e w ithout f ail w ill t ak e t h e p ow e r from ou r e n

, ,

f e e bl e d h ands T h e anx ie ty in t h e f ac e o f t he e rot ic f at e

.

is wholly und e rst and abl e fo r th e r e is so m e th ing imme as

,

urab l e th e r e in F at e u su ally h id e s u nk nown d ang e rs and

.
,

t h e p e rp e tu al h e s it at ion o f t he n e u rot ic to v e ntur e up o n

l ife is e as ily e xpl ain e d by h is d e s ir e to b e allow e d to st and

st ill so as no t to t ak e p art in t he d ang e rous b attl e o f l if e
, .

W h o e v e r re no unce s t he c hance t o e xpe rie nc e m ust st ifl e

in himse lf t he wish fo r i t and t h e re f o re c o mmit s a s o rt
, , ,

o f s e lf m urd e r
-
F rom th is t he d e ath ph ant as ie s wh ich
.

r e ad ily accomp any t h e r e nunc iat ion o f t h e e rot ic w ish

are m ad e cl e a r I n t he p o e m M iss M il l e r h as v oic e d
.

t h e se ph a nt asie s .

S he a dds fu rth e r to t he m at e r ial w ith t he follow ing

I had b een re ad ing a se l ec t ion from o ne o f B y ron s poems ’

w hich pl e ase d m e v e ry muc h and m ad e a d eep and l ast ing im

p re ssio n . M o re ove r , t he rhyt hm o f m y l ast t w o ve rses , For I
t he so u rc e , an d t h e l ine s o f B y ro n s y l
’
tw o are v e r sim i ar .

N o w l e t m e die as I hav e l iv e d in fait h ,

N or t re m ble t h o u g h t h e u n iv e rse sh ou l d qu ak e .

Th is r e m inisc e nc e w ith wh ic h t h e s e r ie s o f id e as is
clo s e d confirms t h e d e ath ph ant as ie s wh ich follow from
1 1 8 PSY C H OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
r e nu nc iat io n o f t h e e rot ic w ish T h e quot at io n co m e s .

—
wh ich M iss M ill e r did no t m e nt io n from an u ncompl e t e d
”
po e m o f B yro n s c all e d H e av e n and E arth
’
T he .
67

whol e v e rs e follows

S t ill b l esse d be t he Lo rd ,

F o r w h at is p asse d ,
Fo r t h at w h ich is ;
Fo r al l are H is,
F rom fi rst l ast
—
to

T im —S p —E t
e ac e e rn t—
i y L if D e e at h
T he v ast k now n and imm e asu rab l e k
u n no w n

H e m ad e an d c an u nm a e , k
And sh all I fo r a l it t l e g asp of b re at h
B l asphem e and g ro an ?
N o l e t m e die
, as I h ave l iv e d in fait h ,
No r qu iver t h o u gh t he v
u ni e rse m ay quake !
T he words are includ e d in a k ind o f pr ais e o r p r ay e r ,

spok e n by a mort al who is in hop e l e ss fl ight b e for e

t h e m ou nt ing d e lug e M iss M ill e r puts h e rs e lf in t h e
.

s am e S itu at io n in h e r quot at io n ; th at is to say she r e ad ily ,

l e ts it b e s e e n th at h e r f ee l ing is s im il ar to t h e d e sp o nd
e n cy o f t h e u nh appy o n e s who fin d th e m s e lv e s h ard

p r e ss e d by t h e thr e at e n ing mou nt ing w at e rs o f t h e d e lug e .

W it h th is t h e wr it e r allows us a d e e p look int o t h e d ark

abyss o f h e r l o ng in g fo r t h e sun h e ro W e se e t h at h e r -
.

l o ng ing is in v ain ; sh e is a m ort al o nly fo r a short t im e ,

b or ne upw ards into t he l ight by m e ans o f t h e h igh e st

lo nging and th e n s ink ing to d e ath o r mu ch m or e u rg e d
, , , ,

upw ards by t h e f e ar o f d e ath l ik e t h e p e opl e b e fo r e t h e ,

d e lug e and in sp it e o f t h e d e sp e r at e co nfl ict irre t rie v

, ,

ably g iv e n ov e r t o d e struc t io n Th is is a m o o d wh ich re .

1 20 P SY C H OLOG Y OF T H E UN C ON S C I OUS
and Az az ie l bu r n w ith s in ful lov e fo r b e aut iful t he

d aught e rs o f C ain A n ah and Ah o lib am a and f o rc e a

, ,

w ay through t h e b arr ie r wh ich is pl ac e d b e tw e e n m o rt al

and imm o rt al Th e y r e volt as Lu c if e r o n c e did ag ain st
.

G od and th e arch ang e l R aph ae l r ais e s h is vo ic e w arn

,

ingly

But m an h at h l ist e ne d t o his v o ice

And ye t o w o m an
’
—b
s e au t ifu l sh e is,
T he
’
se rp e nt s v o ic e b t l e t h an h e r k iss
l e ss su .

T he k
sna e b ut v anq u ish e d d u st ; b u t sh e w il l d raw
”
A second from h e av e n t o b re ak h e ave n s l aw
-

host
’
.

The p ow e r o f G od is thr e at e ne d by t h e s e duct ion o f

p ass io n ; a s e co n d f all o f ang e ls m e n ac e s h e av e n L e t u s .

tr ansl at e th is mytholog ic p roj e ct io n b ack into t h e p sycho

log ic from wh e nc e it o r ig inat e d Th e n it would r e ad
,
.
:

t h e p ow e r o f t h e good an d r e aso nabl e rul ing t h e world

w is e ly is thr e at e ne d by t he ch aot ic p r im it iv e p ow e r o f p as
s io n ; th e r e fo r e p ass io n m u st b e e xt e r m in at e d ; th at is to
say ,
proj e ct e d into m ythology T h e r ac e o f C ain and .

t h e whol e s in ful wo rld mu st b e d e stroy e d fro m t h e roots

by t h e d e lug e I t is t h e ine v it abl e r e sult o f th at s in ful

.

p ass io n wh ich h as b rok e n through all b arr ie rs I ts cou n .

t e rp art is t h e se a an d t h e w at e rs o f t h e d e e p and t h e
”
fl o ods o f r ain t he g e ne r at ing fru ct ify ing and m at e r
, ,

n al w at e rs as t h e I n d ian m y t h o l o gy r e fe rs to th e m
, .

N o w th e y l e av e th e ir n at u r al bou nds and su rg e ov e r t h e

mou nt ain top s e ngulfi ng all l iv ing th ings ; fo r p ass io n de
,

str o ys it se l f T h e l ib id o is G od and D e v il W it h t he
. .

d e st ruct io n o f t h e s in ful ne ss o f t he l ib ido an e ss e nt ial

 TH E S ONG OF TH E M O TH 1 21

port io n o f t h e l ib ido would b e d e stroy e d Through t he .

loss o f t h e D e v il G o d h im s e l f su ffe r e d a co ns id e r abl e lo ss

, ,

so m e wh at l ik e an am put at io n upo n t h e body o f t h e

D iv inity T h e m yst e r iou s h int in R aph ae l s l am e nt c o n
.
’

c e r ning t he two r e b e ls S am iasa and Az az ie l sugg e st s

, ,

W hy .

C anno t t h is e art h b e m ad e , or be d e st ro y e d ,

W it hou t inv ol v ing ev e r so m e v ast v o id

In t he imm o rt al ran ks ?

L ov e r ais e s m an o nly abov e h ims e lf but also

,
no t ,

abov e t h e bou n ds o f h is m ort al it y and e arthl ine ss up to ,

d iv inity its e l f an d in t h e v e ry act o f r ais ing h im it d e

,

stroys h im M ytholog ic ally th is s e lf pr e su m pt io n fi n ds

.
,
-

it s str ik ing e xpr e ss io n in t h e bu ild in g o f t h e h e av e n h igh -

”
tow e r o f B ab e l wh ich b r ings co n fu s io n to m ank ind
,
.

I n B yro n s po e m it is t h e s in ful am b it io n o f t h e r ac e o f
’

C ain fo r lov e o f wh ich it m ak e s e v e n t h e st ars sub

,

s e rv ie nt and l e ads aw ay t h e so n s o f G o d th e m s e lv e s I f .
,

in d e e d lo n g ing fo r t h e h igh e st th in gs—if I m ay sp e ak

,

s o — is l e g it im at e t h e n it l ie s in t h e c ircu m st an c e s th at it
,

l e av e s it s hu m an bou n d ar ie s th at o f s in ful ne ss and , , ,

th e r e fo r e d e stru ct io n T h e lo ng ing o f t h e m oth fo r t h e

, .

st ar is no t ab solu t e ly pu r e and tr ansp ar e nt but glows in ,

sultry m ist fo r m an co nt inu e s to b e m an Through t h e

, .

e xc e s s o f his lo n g in g h e dr aws dow n t h e d iv ine into t h e

co rrupt io n o f h is p ass io n ; th e r e for e h e s e e m s to r ais e

71
,

h im s e l f to t he D iv ine ; but w ith th at h is hu m anity is de

stroy e d . Thu s t he lov e o f A n ah and Ah o lib am a fo r th e ir
ang e ls b e c o m e s t h e ru in o f gods an d m e n T h e invoc a .
1 22 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
t io n w it h wh ich C ain s d aught e rs im plor e th e ir ang e ls
’
is
p sycholog ic ally an e x act p ar all e l to M iss M ill e r s po e m ’
.

Anah
S e raph !
F ro m t hy sp h e re !
Wh at e v e r st ar
‘ 3
c o nt ains t hy g o r l y .

I n t he e t e rn al d e p t hs of h e av e n
A l b e it t ho u w at c he st w it h t he se v e n ,
’

Tho u gh t h ro ugh sp ac e infi nit e an d h o ary

B e fo re t hy b right w ings w o rl d s w ill b e d rive n ,

Y e t h e ar !
Oh! t h in k of he r w h o ho l d s t hee d e ar !
And t ho u gh S h e no t h ing is t o t h ee ,

Yet t h in k t h at t ho u art all t o he r .

E t e rnit y is in t hy y e ars ,

U nb o rn , un d y ing b e au t y in t h ine e es ; y
W it h m e t ho u c anst no t s y m p at hiz e ,

E x c ept in l o v e , and t h e re t ho u m ust

A c k no w l e d ge t h at m o re l o v ing d ust
N e e r w e p t b e ne at h t he sk ie s
’
.

T ho u w al k e st t hy m any w o rl d s t h o u , se e st

T h e fac e o f him w h o m ad e t he e g re at ,

As h e h at h m ad e o f m e t h e l e ast
O f t ho se c ast o u t fro m E d e n s g at e ;
’

Y et , S e raph d e ar !,

( ) h h e ar !
F o r t ho u h ast l o v e d m e ,
an d I w o ul d no t die
U nt il I k now w h at I k now ing
m u st d ie in ,

T h at t ho u fo rg e t t e st in t h ine e t e rn it y
he art d e at h c o u l d no t k e e p fro m o e rfl o w ing
’
H e r w h o se
“
F o r t he e , imm o rt al e sse nc e as t ho u art ,

G re at is t h e ir l ov e w h o l ov e in sin and fe ar ;
And su c h , I fe e l ,
are w ag ing in m y h e art
A w ar u nw o rt h y: t o an A d am it e
1 24 P SY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS

Th e pp ar it io n o f both ang e ls wh ich follows

a t he inv o
c at io n is as alw ays a sh ining v is io n o f l ight
, , .

d h o lib am a
T he c lou ds fro m f t he ir
of p inio ns fl ing ing
As t hou gh t he y b o re to -
m o rrow
’
s l igh t .

Anah
B u t if o u r fat he r see t he sigh t !

Ahol ib am a
H e w o ul d b u t d e em it w as t he m oo n
R ising u nt o so m e so rc e re r s
’
t u ne

An ho u r t o o soo n .

Anah
Lo ! They h av e k ind l e d al l t he w est ,
L ik e a re t u rn ing sunse t .

On A rarat s l at e sec re t c rest

’

A w il d and m any c o l o re d b ow ,

T he re m nant o f t h e ir fl ash ing p at h ,

N ow sh ine s !

At t h e s ight o f th is m any color e d v is io n o f l ight wh e r e

-
,

both wom e n are e nt ir e ly fill e d w ith d e s ir e and e xp e ct a

t io n A nah m ak e s u se o f a s im il e full o f pr e s e nt im e nt
, ,

wh ich sudd e nly allows u s to look dow n o nc e m or e into

t h e d is m al d ark d e pths out o f wh ich fo r a m o m e nt t h e
,

t e rr ibl e anim al n atu r e o f t h e m ild go d o f l ight e m e rg e s .

and no w , b eho l d ! it h at h
R e t u rne d t o n igh t , as rip pl ing fo am ,
Wh ic h t he l e v iat h an h at h l ash e d
F rom h is u nfat h o m a bl e ho m e ,
Wh e n Sp o rt ing o n t he fac e o f t he c al m d e ep ,

S ub sid e s soo n aft e r he ag ain h at h dash d ’

D ow n d o w n t o w he re t he o c e an s fo u nt ains
,
’
 TH E S O N G OF TH E M O TH

Thu s l ike t he l e v iath an ! W e r e c all th is ov e rpow e r ing

w e ight in t h e sc al e o f G o d s ju st ic e in r e g ard to t h e m an
’

Job Th e r e wh e r e t he d e e p sou rc e s o f t h e oc e an are t h e

.
, ,

l e v iath an l iv e s ; fro m th e r e t h e al l d e stroy ing fl ood -

a sc e n ds t h e all e ng ul fing fl oo d o f anim al p ass io n

,
-
Th at .

st ifl ing co m pr e ss ing f e e l ing o f t he o nw ard surg ing im

,
81 -

puls e is p roj e ct e d mytholog ic ally as a fl oo d wh ich r is ing ,

up and ov e r all d e stroys al l th at e x ists in o rd e r to allow

, ,

a n e w and b e tt e r cr e at ion to com e forth from th is de

stru ct ion .

J aphe t
T he e t erna l wi ll
S hal l d e ig n t o e x po u n d t h is d re am
O f go o d and e v il ; and re d ee m
U nt o him se l f al l t im e s, all t hings ;
And , g at he r d
’
d
un e r h is al m igh t y w ings,
A b o l ish h e ll !
And t o t he e x p iat e d E art h
R est o re t he b e au t y o f he r b irt h .

S pirit s
And w hen Sh all k
t a e e ffec t t h is w o n ro u s sp e d ll ?
J aph e t .

W he n t he R e d eem e r c om e t h ; fi rst in p ain

And t h en in g l o ry .

S pirit s
N ew t im es, ne w c l im es, n e w art s, new m e n, b u t
T he sam e o l d t e ars, o ld c rim e s, an d o l d e st il l ,
S hall be am o ng st your rac e in d iffe re nt fo rm s ;
B ut t h e sam e m o rt al st o rm s

S hal l o v e rsw e e p t he fu t u re , as t h e w av es
’
In a few ho u rs t h e g l o rio u s g iant s g rav es .
1 26 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
T he proph e t ic v is io n s o f Japh e t h av e al m ost p roph e t ic
m e anin g fo r o u r p o e t e ss ; w it h t h e d e ath o f t h e m oth in
t h e l ight e v il is o n c e m o r e l aid a s id e ; t h e co m pl e x h as
,

o nc e ag ain e v e n if in a c e n sor e d fo r m e xp r e ss e d its e l f

, , .

W ith th at how e v e r t h e p robl e m is no t s o lv e d ; al l so r

, ,

row and e v e ry lo ng ing b e g in s ag ain fr o m t h e b e g inning ,

but th e r e is P ro m is e in t h e Air
“
— t h e pr e m o nit ion o f

t he R e d e em e r o f the ,
W e ll b e lov e d o f t h e Sun h e ro
-

,
-

w ho ag ain mou nts to t h e h e ight o f t he sun and ag ain

d e sc e nds to t h e cold ne ss o f t he w int e r who is t he l ight o f
,

hop e fro m r ac e to r ac e t h e im ag e o f t he l ib ido

, .
1 28 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
cr e ato r o f al l th at l iv e s t he sou rc e o f e ne r gy o f ou r
,

world T h e d iscord into wh ich t h e soul o f m an h as f all e n

.

through t h e act io n o f mor al l aws c an b e r e solv e d 1

into compl e t e h ar m o ny through t h e sun as t h e n atur al

obj e ct wh ich ob e ys no hum an mor al l aw T h e sun is no t .

o nly b e ne fic ial but als o d e struct iv e ; th e r e for e t h e zod i

,

a c al r e pr e s e nt at io n o f t h e Au gu st h e at is t h e h e rd d e vou r -

ing l io n who m t h e Je wish h e ro S am so n k ill e d in o rd e r to2

‘

fr e e t h e p arch e d e arth from th is pl agu e Y e t it is t h e

.

h armo niou s and inh e r e nt natur e o f t h e sun to scorch and ,

it s s co rch ing p ow e r s e e ms natur al to m e n I t sh ine s .

e qu ally o n t h e j u st and o n t h e u njust and allows u s e ful

,

l iv ing obj e cts to fl ou r ish as w e ll as h arm ful o ne s Th e r e .

for e t h e sun is ad apt e d as is noth ing e ls e to r e p r e s e nt

,

t h e V is ibl e G od o f th is world Th at is to say th at dr iv ing

.
,

str e ngth o f ou r o wn soul wh ich w e c all l ib ido and

, ,

whos e natur e it is to allow t h e u s e ful and injur iou s t h e ,

goo d and t h e b ad to p roc e e d Th at th is co m p ar iso n is no

.

m e r e pl ay o f words is t aught u s by t h e m yst ics Wh e n .

by look ing inw ards ( introv e rs io n ) and go ing dow n into

t h e d e p t hs o f th e ir o wn b e ing th e y find in th e ir h e art
t h e im ag e o f t h e Sun t h e y find th e ir o wn lov e o r l ib ido
,
-

wh ich w ith r e aso n I m ight say w ith phys ic al r e aso n is

, ,

c all e d t h e Sun ; fo r our sou rc e o f e ne rgy and l if e is t he

'

S un . Thus ou r l if e subst anc e as an e ne rg ic p ro c e ss is

, ,

e nt ir e ly Sun O f wh at sp e c ial sort th is Sun e ne rgy

.
“

se e n inw ardly by t h e m yst ic is is show n by an e x am pl e

,

t ak e n fro m t h e H indo o m ythology F ro m t h e e xpl ana

.
3

”
t io n o f P ar t I I I o f t h e S h v e t ashv at aro p anish ad we

t ak e t he follow ing quot at io n wh ich r e l at e s to t h e R udr a :

,
 A S PE CT S O F THE LI B I D O 1 29

( )
2 Y e a, t h e o ne R u d ra w ho al l t hese w o rl d s w it h ru l ing
p ow e r doth ru e ,l st an ds no t fo r any se c o n d . B eh ind t h o se t hat

are b o rn he st an ds ; at en d ing t im e ing at he rs al l t h e w o rl s d he

h at h ev o lv e d , p ro t e c t o r ( he ) .

(3)
“
y es o n al l sid es o n all sid e s su re l y h at h faces
H e h at h e , ,

arm s su re l y o n al l sid e s o n al l S id es fe e t W it h arm s w it h w ings

, .
,

he t ric ks t he m o ut c re at ing he av e n and e art h t he o nl y G o d

, ,
.

( 4) W h o o f t he g o d s is b o t h t he sou rc e and g row t h t he Lo rd ,

o f al l t he R u d ra M igh t y se e r ; w ho b ro u gh t t he Sh ining g e rm
o f o l d int o e x ist e nc e—
, .

”
m ay he w it h re aso n pu re c o nj o in us .
5

Th e s e attr ibut e s allow u s cl e arly to d isc e r n t h e al l

cr e ato r and in him t h e Sun wh ich h as w ings and w ith a ,

thou s and e y e s s c an s t h e wo rld .

6

Th e follow in g p ass ag e s co n fir m t h e t e xt an d j o in t o it .

t h e id e a m o st im po rt ant fo r us th at G od is also co nt ain e d ,

in t h e in d iv idu al cr e atur e

(7) B eyond t his ( w o rl d ) t he B rahm an b e y o nd t he m igh ty ,

o ne , in eve ry c re at u re h id acc o rd ing t o it s fo rm t h e o ne e nc irc l ing ,

Lo rd o f al l , H im h av ing k now n , imm o rt al t he y b e c om e .

(8) I k now t h is m igh t y m an, S un l ik e , -

b e y o nd t he d ark ness ,

H im ( and h im ) on l y k now ing , o ne c ro sse t h ove r d e at h ; no o t h e r

p at h ( at al l ) is t he re t o go .

(11) sp re a d o ve r t he u ni e rse v is H e t he Lo rd t he re
fo re as al l - p e rv a e r, d He
’
s b e nig n .
”

T h e pow e r ful G od , th at t he e qu al o f t he Sun, is in

and who e v e r k n ows h im is imm ort al G o ing o n 7
o ne , .

fu rth e r w ith t h e t e xt w e co m e upo n a n e w attr ibut e , ,

wh ich in for m s u s in wh at form and m anne r R udr a l iv e d

in m e n .

( 12) Th e m igh t y m o narc h H e t he m an, t he o ne w ho d o t h ,

t he e sse nc e st art t ow ard s t h at p e ac e o f p e rfec t st ainl essness l o rd l y , ,

e x h aust l e ss lig h t .
1 30 PS YC H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
( 1 3) T he M an b ,
t h e int he
ne r se l fsiz e o f a t h um , , sit s

e v e r in t h e he art o f al l t h at s b o rn b y m in d m ind rul ing in

’

, , t he
\

he art is H e reve al e d
, T hat t he y w ho k now im m o rt al t he y
.
, be
c om e .

( 1 4) T he M an o f t he t housand s o f he ad s ( and ) t h o usan s d

o fy es ( and ) t housand s o f fe e t co v e ring t he e art h on all S id es
e , ,

H e st and s b e y o nd t e n fi ng e r b re ad t hs,
-
.

( 5)
1 T h e M an
“
is v e ril y t h is al l ( b o t h ) w h at h as b e e n and ,

w h at w il l b e L o rd ( t oo ) o f d eat hl essne ss w h ic h far all e l se

,

su rp asses.

I m p ort ant p ar all e l quot at io ns are to b e found in t he

”
K athop anish ad s e ct io n 2 p art 4
‘

, , .

( 12 ) T he M an of t he siz e o f a t hum b , ed
r si e s in t he m id st
w it h in t he se l f, o f t he p ast and t he fut u re , t he Lo rd .

T he M an of t he siz e f a t hum b l ik e fl am e free fro m

“
( 13) o

sm o ke , of p ast and o f fu t u re t he Lo rd , t he sam e is t o day , -

to
”
m o rrow t he sam e w il l H e he .

Who th is Tom Thu m b is c an -

t he e as ily b e d iv ine d -

ph all ic sy m b o l o f t h e l ib ido T h e ph allu s is t h is h e r o .

dw ar f who p e r f o r m s gr e at d e e d s ; b e th is ugly god

, ,

in ho m e ly fo r m who is t h e gr e at do e r o f wo nd e rs
, ,

S inc e h e is th e v is ibl e e xpr e ss io n o f t h e cr e at iv e str e ngth

‘

in c ar nat e in m an Th is e xtr ao rd inary co ntr ast is als o

.

v e ry str iking in F aust ( t h e m oth e r s c e ne )

M ephist ophe l e s
I l l p raise t h e e e re w e se p arat e : I see
’

Tho u k now est t he d ev il t ho roughly

H e re k
t a e t h is key .

F aust
That l it t l e t h ing !

M e phist ophe l e s
T ake hol d of it , no t d
u n e rv a uing l !
1 32 P SY C H OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
( 1 9) W it hou t h an d s, w it ho u t fe e t , H e m ov e t h , H e g rasp e t h
E y el ess H e se e t h, ( an d ) e arl e ss H e h e a re t h : H e k n o w e t h w h at is

to be k no w n , ye t is t h e re no k now e r of H im . H im c al l t h e fi rst ,

m igh t y t he M an .

( 20 ) S m al l e r t h an sm all , ( ye t ) g re at e r t h an g re at In t he

heart o f t h is c re at ure t h e se l f doth rep ose etc .

T he ph allus is t he b e ing wh ich mov e s w ithout l imb s , ,

wh ich s e e s w ithout e y e s wh ich knows t he futu r e ; and as

,

symbol ic r e pr e s e nt at iv e o f t h e u niv e rs al cr e at iv e p ow e r
e x ist e nt e v e rywh e r e immort al ity is v in d ic at e d in it I t is .

alw ays thought o f as e nt ir e ly ind e p e nd e nt an id e a cu r ,

r e nt not only in ant iqu ity but also app ar e nt in t he po rno,

gr aph ic dr aw ings o f ou r ch ildr e n and art ists I t is a s e e r .

,

an art ist and a work e r o f wond e rs ; th e r e for e it should

no t su rp r is e us wh e n c e rt ain ph all ic ch ar act e r ist ics are

fou nd ag ain in t h e mythologic al s e e r art ist and sorc e r e r , .

H e ph ae stus W ie l and t h e s m ith and M ani t he fou nd e r

, , ,

o f M anich e ism whos e follow e rs w e r e also f amou s h av e

, ,

cr ippl e d f e e t T he anc ie nt s e e r M e l ampu s poss e ss e d a

.

sugg e s t iv e n am e ( B l ackfoot ) and it s e e ms also to b e ,

8

typ ic al fo r s e e rs to b e bl ind D w ar f e d st atur e ugl ine ss .

,

and d e form ity h av e b e com e e sp e c ially typ ic al for thos e

myst e r iou s chtho nian gods t h e so n s o f H e ph ae stu s t h e , ,

C ab ir i to who m gr e at p ow e r to p e rfor m m ir acl e s w as

,
9

a s cr ib e d T h e nam e s ignifi e s p ow e rful

. an d t h e S amo ,

thr ac ian cult is most int im at e ly u nite d w ith th at o f t h e it hy

ph all ic H e rm e s who accord ing t o t h e accou nt o f H e ro do
, ,

t u s w as b rought to Att ic a by t h e P e l asg ians

, Th e y are .

also c all e d u y
e d k o z 0eo f t h e gr e at gods Th e
,
ir n e a r .

r e l at io ns are t h e I d ae an d ac t yl i ( fi ng e r o r I d ae an
 A S PE CT S O F TH E L I B I D O 1 33

thumb ) to whom t h e moth e r o f t h e gods h ad t aught t he

bl acksm ith s art ’
T h e ke y w ill s c e n t t h e tru e pl ac e
.

from all oth e rs ! follow it dow n — t w ill l e ad th e e to t h e

’

M oth e rs ! Th e y w e r e t h e first l e ad e rs t h e t e ach e rs o f ,

O rph e u s and inv e nt e d t he E ph e s ian m ag ic fo rmul as and

,

t he mu s ic al rhyth m s T h e ch ar act e r ist ic d isp ar ity

.
11

wh ich is shown abov e in t h e U p anish ad t e xt and in ,

F aust is also fou nd h e r e s inc e t he g ig ant ic H e rcul e s

, ,

p ass e d as an I d ae an d actyl .

Th e colo ss al P hryg ians t h e sk ill e d s e rv ants o f R h e a

, ,

w e r e also D actyl i Th e B abylo nian t e ach e r o f w isdom

.
,

O anne s was r e p r e se nt e d in a ph all ic fish fo rm

'

,
T he .
“

two sun h e ro e s t h e D ios cur i st and in r e l at ion to t he

, ,

C ab ir i ; th e y also w e ar t h e r e m ark abl e po int e d h e ad

1 5

cov e r ing ( P il e u s ) wh ich is p e cul iar to th e s e myst e r iou s

gods and wh ich is p e rp e tu at e d fro m th at t im e on as a
,
1 6

s e cr e t m ark o f id e nt ific at io n Att is ( t he e ld e r broth e r o f

.

Chr ist ) w e ars t he p o int e d c ap just as do e s M ithr a I t , .

h as als o b e co m e tr ad it io nal fo r ou r p r e s e nt d ay chtho nian -

in f ant il e gods } t h e brow nie s ( P e n at e s ) and all t h e

7
,

typ ic al k in d o f dw ar fs F r e u d h as alr e ady c all e d ou r at

.
1 8

t e nt ion to t h e ph all ic m e aning o f t h e h at in mod e r n ph an

t asie s . A furth e r s ignific an c e is th at p rob ably t h e po int e d
c ap r e p r e s e nts t h e for e sk in I n o rd e r no t to go to o far
.

afi e ld from m y th e m e I must b e s at isfi e d h e r e m e r e ly

,

to p r e s e nt t h e sugg e st io n B ut at a l at e r opportun ity I

.

S h all r e tur n to th is po int w ith d e t ail e d proo f .

T h e dw ar f form l e ads to t h e figur e o f t h e d iv ine boy ,

t h e pue r e t e rnus t h e you ng D io nysus Jup it e r Anx uru s

, , ,

T ag e s ,and so o n
1 9
I n t h e v as e p ain t in g o f Th e b e s
.
,
43 4 PSY C H OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
alr e ady m e nt io ne d , b e ard e d D io nysu s is r e pr e s e nt e d
a

as K AB E IP O E , tog e th e r w ith a fi g ur e o f a b oy as H a t s ,

follow e d by a c ar ic atur e d boy s figu r e d e s ignat e d as ’

I I PA T O AA O E and th e n ag ain a c ar ic atur e d m an wh ich ,

is r e pr e s e nt e d as MI T O E M ir o ; r e ally m e ans thr e ad

.
,

but in o rph ic sp e e ch it st ands fo r s e m e n I t w as c o n .

j e c t u re d th a t th is coll e ct io n co rr e sp o n d e d to a group o f
st atu ary in t h e s anctu ary o f a cult Th is suppo s it io n is .

supp ort e d by t h e h isto ry o f t h e cult as far as it is known ;

it is an or ig inal P h e nic ian cult o f f ath e r and son ; of
an old and you n g C ab ir who w e r e mor e o r l e ss ass im i

l at e d w ith t he G r e c ian gods T he doubl e figu r e s o f t h e

.

adult and t he ch ild D io nysus l e n d th e m s e lv e s p art icul arly

to th is ass im il at io n O ne m ight also c all th is t he cult

.

o f t h e l arge and sm all m an N ow u nd e r v ar ious asp e cts

.
, ,

D io nysu s is a p h all ic god in who s e worsh ip t h e ph allu s

h e ld an import ant pl ac e ; fo r e x ampl e in t h e cult o f t h e
—
,

Arg iv ian B ull D io nysu s .M or e ov e r t h e ph all ic h e rm e ,

o f t h e go d has g iv e n o cc as io n for a p e rso nific at io n o f t he

ph allu s o f D io nysu s in t h e fo rm o f t he god Ph al e s
, ,
’

who is n oth ing e ls e but a P r iapu s H e is c all e d sr a ip o s

’
'

or o ziy n co juo s
‘

Co rr e spo nd ing to th is st ate

o f af fair s o ne c annot v e ry w e ll f ail to r e cogniz e in t h e p re
,

v io u sl y m e nt io n e d C ab ir ic r e pr e s e nt at io n and in t h e ,

”
add e d boy s fi gu r e t h e p ictu r e o f m an and h is p e nis T he
’
.
,

p r e v iously m e nt io ne d p ar adox in th e U p anish ad t e xt

o f l arg e and s m all o f g iant and dw ar f is e xpr e ss e d mor e
, ,

”
m ildly h e r e by m an and boy o r f ath e r and so n ,
T he .

mot iv e o f d e fo rm ity wh ich is us e d co nst antly by t he

Comra d e —
f ll e ow - re v e l le r.
1 36 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
c o u ntl e s s m anif e st at io ns o f t h e W ill in t he s e ns e o f S cho
p e n h a u e r I t is su ffi.c ie n tly co m p r e h e n s iv e an d r ich in

m e aning to ch ar act e r iz e t h e r e al n atur e o f t h e p sych ic al

e nt ity wh ich it in clud e s T h e e x act cl ass ic al s ig nific an c e .

o f t h e w o rd l ib ido qu al ifi e s it as an e nt ir e ly app ro
p r ia t e t e rm L ib ido i s t ak e
. n in a v e ry w id e s e n s e in

C ic e ro
( Vol unt ex b o nis ( nasc i) L ib idine m e t
duob us O p inat is )
—
L ze t it iam ; u t sit l mt it ia p azse nt iu m b o no rum : l ib id o fu t u ro ru m
r

—Lae t it ia aut em e t L ib id o in b ono rum O pinio ne v ersant ur c um

.

L ib id o ad id quo d v id e t u r b o num ill e c t a e t in fl amm at a rap iat u r

—
.
, ,

N at u ra en im om nes e a qu ae b on a v ide nt u r se quunt u r fug i , , ,

u nt q u e c o nt raria Q u am ob re m S im u l o bj ec t a spec ie s c u iu Sp iam

.

e st qu o d b o nu m v id e at u r ad id adip isc e n du m im p ell it ip sa nat u ra

, ,

Id c um c o nst ant e r p rude nt e rqu e fi t ej usm o di app e t it io nem st o I CI ,

[3 0 151 7 6
7 l V ap p e l l ant , no s ap p e ll am u s v o l u n t at e m ; e am il l i pu t ant
in so l o e sse sap ie n t e , qu am S ic de fi n iu nt ; v o l u nt as est q u ae u id q
c um rat io ne d id at qu a
es er : e au t e m rat io ne ad v e rsa inc it at a e st

v e h e m e n t iu s, e a l ib id o e st , v e l c u p idit as e ffre nat a, q um in o m ni u s b

”
st u l t is inv e n it u r .

T h e m e aning o f l ib ido h e r e is to w ish and in t he ,

sto ic al d is t in ct io n o f w ill d issolut e d e s ir e C ic e ro u s e d , .

l ib id o in a corr e spo nd ing s e ns e :

F m th g d p c d d i
*
ro e n d j y—
oo j y h i ng
ro f nc t
ee m e s re a o o av re e re e o so e

p t
re se n
g d n d d i
oo t m
, f t a n — b t j y nd d i
e s re d p nd
o so e u u re o e u o a e s re e e

up n t h
o pi i n f g
e o d ; d i b i g i nfl m d nd p
n o o oo k di c i d
as e s re e n a e a rov o e s a rr e

on e ag e r ly t o w ar d w h at h a s t h e a p p e a ra n e c of g oo d , and j oy is t ra n s

p o rt e d an d e x u t s o n o l b t ai n i ng w h at w as d i d: f e s re or we n at u r a l ly p u rsu e
t h o se i
t h ng s t h at h av e th e ap p e a r anc e f g d o oo ,
an d av o id the con

t ra ry- w h e re f o re y t h i ng t h t h a t h app e a anc f g d

as so o n as an a s e r e o oo

p re sent it s n at use i nc i t u t nd a t b t ai n it N w w h t h i
lf , re es s o e e v or o o . o e re s

t
s ro ng d i i c n i t e nt and f und d n p u d nc it i by t h t i c
e s re s o s s o e o r e e, s e s o s

c al l d B u l i and t h e n am w h i c h w g i it i
e es s l i t i n and t h i t h ey
e e ve s vo o , s

a l l w t n n b ut t h i w i m n nd d fi n it t h u ; l i t i n i a a n
o o o e e r se e ,
a e e s vo o s re so

abl d i ; b ut w h t
e e s re i i nc i t d t i l nt ly in p p i t i n t a n
a ev e r s e oo v o e o os o o re so ,

lu t n u nb i dl d d i w h i ch i d i c v ab l in al l foo l s
—
t h at i s a s or a r e e s re s s o er e .

T h e T uscu l an Di put a t i n C i c p gs 4 3 o , e ro , a e 0 .
 A SPE CT S OF TH E L I B I D O

Age re re m a l iquam l ib id ine , no n rat ione .

I n t he s am e s e ns e S allust s ays

I rac undia p ars e st l ib idinis .

In oth e r pl ac e in a m ild e r and mor e g e ne r al s e ns e

an ,

wh ich compl e t e ly app ro ach e s t h e an alyt ic al use °

M ag isqu e in deco ris arm is et m il it arib us e quis quam , in

”
sc o rt is e t c o nv iv ns l ib idine m h ab e b ant .

Q uo d si ti b i b o na l ib id o fue rit p at riaa, etc .

Th e o f l ib ido is so g e ne r al th at t h e phr as e l ib id o
u se

e st sc ir e m e r e ly h ad t h e s ign ifi c anc e o f I w ill it pl e as e s ,

me . I n t h e phr as e al iqu am l ib ido u r in ae l ac e ssit

l ib ido h ad t he m e aning o f u rg e n cy T h e s ignifi c anc e o f .

s e xu al d e s ir e is also pr e s e nt in t h e cl ass ics .

Th is g e ne r al cl ass ic al appl ic at io n o f t h e co nc e pt io n
agr e e s w ith t h e co rr e sp o nd ing e ty m olog ic al co nt e xt o f

t h e word l ib id o o r l ub id o ( w ith lib e t mor e anc ie nt

, ,

l ub e t ) it pl e as e s m e and lib e ns o r l ub e ns
, ,
gl adly w ill z
,

ingl y S anskr it l iib hya t i

. to e xp e r ie nc e v iol e nt lo nging
, ,

l db h aya t i e xc it e s lo ng in g l ub d h a h e ag e r l db h a h
,
-

,
-

lo nging e ag e r ne ss G o t h ic = l iufs and O ld H igh G e r

, .
,

m an l io b lov e M o r e ov e r in G oth ic l ub ains w as re p

2 .
, ,

r e s e nt e d as hop e ; and O ld H igh G e rm an l o b 6n = t o ,

p r ais e l o b , c o mm en d at io n
z p r ais e glo ry ; O ld B ulg a , ,

r ian lj ub it i t o lov e lj ub y l o v e ; L ithu anian l zaup

,
z
,
:
,

Libi d o is u se df o r a rm s and m i l it y h
ar o rse s r at h e r t h an fo r d i ip ti
ss a o ns

and b an q u e t s.
1 38 PSY C H OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
”
s int i z to p r ais e
. I t c an b e s aid th at t h e co n c e pt io n
o f l ib ido as d e v e lop e d in t h e ne w work o f F r e ud and o f

h is scho o l h as fu n ct io n ally t h e s am e S ignific an c e in t h e

b I O l o g ical t e rr ito ry as h as t h e co n c e pt io n o f e ne rgy s in c e
”
t h e t im e o f R ob e rt M ay e r in t h e phys ic al r e al m . It
m ay no t b e sup e rflu o us to say som e th ing m or e at th is
o in t co n c e r ning t h e co n c e pt io n o f l ib ido a ft e r w e h av e
p
follow e d t h e for m at io n o f it s sy m bol t o it s h igh e st ex
p r e ss ion in t he hum an fo rm o f t h e r e l ig iou s h e ro .
1 49 PSY C H OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
syst e m and it s e n cro ach m e nt int o t h e oth e r r e al m s o f
,

impuls e is a f act o f e xp e r ie nc e T h e th e ory o f F r e ud .

,

br an ch ing o ff from th is int e rpr e t at io n accord ing to wh ich ,

t h e motor for c e s o f a n e u rot ic syst e m corr e spo n d p re

c ise l y to th e ir l ib id in ou s add it io n s to oth e r ( no n s e xu al )

-

fu nct io nal im puls e s h as b e e n su ffi c ie ntly prov e n as cor

,

r e ct it s e e m s to m e by t h e wo rk o f F r e u d and his s cho ol

, , .
5

S inc e t h e app e ar anc e o f t h e Thr e e Co ntr ibut io ns in “

,

1 9 0 5 a ch ang e h as t ak e n pl a c e
,
in t h e l ib ido co n c e pt io n ; 6

it s fi e ld o f appl ic at io n h as b e e n w id e ne d An e xtr e m e ly .

cl e ar e x am pl e o f th is am pl ifi c at io n is th is p r e s e n t work .

How e v e r I mu st st at e th at F r e u d as w e ll as m ys e lf
, , ,

saw t h e ne e d o f w id e n ing t h e co n c e pt io n o f l ib ido It .

w as p ar ano ia so clo s e ly r e l at e d to d e m e n t ia p r ae cox

, ,

wh ich s e e m e d to co m p e l F r e ud to e nl arg e t h e e arl ie r

l im its o f t h e co nc e pt io n T h e p ass ag e in qu e st io n wh ich
.
,

I w ill quot e h e r e word fo r word r e ads : , ,

7

A t h ir d d
co nsi e rat io n w h ich p rese nt s it sel f, in re g ar d t o t he

view s d ev e l op e d h e re , st art s t he qu e ry as t o w h e t he r w e sho u l d

ac c ep t fi c ie n t l
as su f y effe c t u al t h e u n iv e rsal rec e d ing o f t he l ib id o
fro m t h e o u t er w o rl d , in or d er to in t e rp re t fro m t hat , t he e nd o f

t h e w o rl d : o r w he t he r in t h is c ase t he fi rm ly roo t e d p ossession ,

o f t he I m u st no t suffi c e t o uphol d t he rapp o rt w it h t he o u t e r

‘ ’

w o rl d . T he n o ne m ust e it he r l e t t h at w hic h w e c all possessio n

o f t h e l ib id o ( int e re st fro m e ro t ic so u rc es ) c o inc id e w it h in t e re st

in g e ne ral o r e l se t ak e int o c o nsid e rat io n t he po ssib il it y t h at g re at

,

d ist u rb anc e in t he d isp osit io n o f t he l ib id o c an al so ind u c e a c o rre

sp o n din g d ist u rb an c e in t h e p o ssessio n o f t h e I N ow t he se are ’
.
,

t h e p ro b l e m s w h ic h w e are st ill ab so l u t e l y h e l p l e ss an d u nfi t t e d
,

t o answ e r T h ing s w o ul d b e d iffe re nt c oul d w e p ro cee d fro m a

.

safe fu n d o f k now l e d g e o f inst inc t B u t t he t ru t h is w e h av e

.
,

n o t h ing o f t h at k in d at o u r d isp o sal W e u nd e rst an d inst inc t .

as t he re su t ant l of t he re ac t io n o f t he som at ic and t he s

p yc h ic .
 C ON C EP T I O N A N D T H EORY O F L I B I D O 141

We se e in it y
t h e p s c h ic al re p rese n t at io n o f o rg anic fo rc e s and

t ak e t he po pu l ar d ist inc t io n b e t w e e n t he
‘
I ’
im pu l se and t he

se x u al im p ul se , w h ic h app e ars to us to b e in ac co r d w it h t h e
b io l o g ic al d o u b l e r Ol e of t he ind iv id ual b e ing w ho asp ires to h is
ow n p rese rv at io n as w ell as to t he p rese rv at io n o f t he sp ec ie s .

B ut an t h ing y b e y o nd t h is is a st ru c t u re , w h ic h w e se t up , and

al so w ill ing l y l e t fal l ag ain in or d er t o o rie nt o u rse l v es in t he

f
c o n usio n o f d ark p roc esses o f t he so ul ; w e e x p ec t p art icul arl y
t he ,

fro m t he p sy c ho anal y t ic inv e st ig at io ns in t o d ise ase d so u l p ro c esse s ,

t o hav e c e rt ain d e c isions fo rc e d u p o n u s in re g ard t o q u e st io ns o f

t h e t heo ry o f inst inc t T his exp ec t at io n h as no t ye t b e e n ful fi l l e d

.

o n ac c o u n t o f t h e st ill im m at u re and l im it e d inv est ig at io ns in t h ese

fi e l d s At p re se nt t h e po ssib il it y o f t h e re ac t io n o f l ib id o d is
.

t u rb anc e u p o n t he p osse ssio n o f t h e I c an b e show n as l it t l e ‘ ’

as t he re v e rse ; t he se c o n d ary o r in d u c e d d ist u rb anc es o f t he

l ib id o p ro c e sses t h ro u gh ab no rm al c h ange s in t he I I t is p ro b
’
.

ab l e t h at p ro c esse s o f t h is so rt fo rm t h e d ist inc t iv e c h arac t e r o f

t h e p sy c hose s T he c o nc l u sio ns arising from t h is in re l at io n t o

.
,

p arano ia, are at p rese n t u nc e rt ain . O ne c anno t asse rt t h at t he

p arano iac h as c om pl e t e l y w it h d raw n h is int e rest fro m t he o ut e r

w or ld , no r w it h d raw n int o t he he igh t s o f re p ressio n, as o ne so m e

t im e s sees in c e rt ain o t h e r fo rm s of h all uc inat o ry p sy c hose s He .

k
t a es n o t ic e o f t he o u t e r w o rl d , he t ak e s ac c o un t o f it s c h ang e s, h e

is st irre d t o e x p l anat io ns by t he ir infl ue nc e , an d t he re fo re I con

d
si e r it h ighl y p ro b ab l e t h at t h e c hang e d l
re at io n t o t he w o rl d is
to b e e x pl aine d w h o l l y o r in g re at p art ,
, by t he d e fi c ie nc y of t he

l ib id o int e re st .

In th is p ass ag e F r e u d pl ainly tou ch e s upo n t h e qu e s

‘

—
tio n wh e th e r t h e w e ll know n lo ng ing fo r r e al ity o f t h e
p ar ano ic d e m e nt ( and t h e d e m e nt ia p r ae cox p at ie nts ) ,
8

to whom I h av e e sp e c ially c all e d att e nt io n in my book ,

Th e P sychology o f D e m e nt ia P r ae cox is to b e tr ac e d ,

b ack to t h e w ithdr aw al o f t h e l ib id inou s afflux e s

alo ne o r wh e th e r th is co inc id e s w ith t h e so c all e d O b
,
-

j e c t iv e int e r e st in g e ne r al I t i s h a rdly to b e a s sum e

. d
1 42 P SY C H OLO G Y OF TH E UN C O N S C I OU S

th at t he n or m al fo n ct io n du r e e l ( fJane t )
'

is m ain
1 °

t ain e d o nly t hrough afll ux e s o f l ib ido o r e rot ic int e r e st .

T h e fact is t h at in v e ry m any c ase s r e al ity d isapp e ar s

e n t ir e ly so th at no t a tr ac e o f p sychol o g ic al ad apt at io n
,

o r o r ie n t at io n can b e r e c o g niz e d R e al ity is r e p r e ss e d

.

u nd e r th e s e c ircu m st an c e s and r e pl ac e d by t he co nt e nts

o f t h e co m pl e x O n e m ust o f n e c e s s ity say th at n o t only
.

t h e e rot ic int e r e st but t h e int e r e st in g e ne r al h as d isap

p e a re d , th a t is to say t h e wh o l
, e a d apt a t io n to r e a l ity h a s

c e ase d To t h is c at e gory b e lo ng t h e stup oro s e and c at a

.

to nic auto m ato n s .

I h av e p r e v iou sly m ad e u se o f t h e e xp r e ss io n p sych ic

e ne rgy in m y P sychology o f D e m e nt ia P r aecox b e
c au s e I w as u nabl e to e st abl ish t h e th e o ry o f th is psy
c h o sis up o n t h e co n c e pt io n o f t h e d ispl ac e m e nt o f t h e

af flux e s o f l ib ido M y e xp e r ie n c e at th at t im e ch ie fly
.
,

p sych iatr ic did no t e nabl e m e to u nd e rst and th is th e ory

,
.

How e v e r t h e corr e ct n e ss o f th is th e o ry in r e g ard to

,

ne uros e s str ictly sp e ak ing t h e tr ans f e r e nc e ne u ros e s w as

, ,

p rov e n to m e l at e r aft e r incr e as e d e xp e r ie nc e in t h e fi e ld

o f h yst e r ia and compuls ion ne u ros e s I n t h e t e rr itory .

o f th e s e ne uro s e s it is m ainly a qu e st io n wh e th e r any

port io n o f t h e l ib ido wh ich is sp ar e d through t h e sp e c ifi c
r e p r e s s ion b e com e s introv e rt e d and r e gr e ss iv e into
e arl ie r p aths o f tr ans f e r e n c e ; fo r e x ampl e t h e p ath o f
,

t h e p ar e nt al tr ans f e r e n c e W it h th at how e v e r t h e
.
1 1
, ,

fo rm e r non s e xu al p sycholog ic ad apt at ion to t h e e nv iro n

-

m e nt r e m ains pr e s e rv e d so far as it do e s no t co nc e rn t h e
e rot ic and it s s e co nd ary pos it io n s ( sy m ptoms ) T h e.

r e al it y wh ich is l ack ing to t h e p at ie nts is ju st th at port io n

1 44 PS YC H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
wh e n h e l aid h is h and o n t h e d e l ic at e m at e r ial o f t h e p ar a
n o ic psychology w as fo rc e d to doubt t h e appl ic ab il ity o f
,

t h e co nc e pt io n o f l ib ido h e ld by h im at th at t im e . T he
s e xu al d e fi nit io n o f th is d id n o t p e r m it m e to u nd e rst and
thos e disu rb ance s o f fu nct io n wh ich affe ct t h e v agu e t e r
,

rit o ry o f t h e hu n g e r in st in ct j ust as mu ch as th at o f t h e

s e xu al in st inct F o r a lo ng t im e t h e th e ory o f l ib ido

.

s e e m e d to m e in appl ic abl e to d e m e nt ia p r ae cox W ith .

in cr e as ing e xp e r ie n c e in an alyt ic al work how e v e r I b e

, ,

c am e aw ar e o f a gr adu al ch ang e in m y co nc e pt io n o f
l ib ido I n pl ac e o f t he d e scr ipt iv e d e fi nit io n o f t h e
.

Thr e e Co ntr ibut io ns th e r e gr adu ally gr e w up a g e ne t ic

d e fi nit io n o f t h e l ib ido wh ich r e nd e r e d it p oss ibl e fo r m e
,

to r e pl ac e t he e xpr e ss io n p sych ic e ne rgy by t h e t e r m

l ib ido . I w as forc e d to ask mys e l f wh e th e r ind e e d t h e
fu nct io n o f r e al ity to d ay do e s no t co n s ist o nly in it s
-

sm all e r p art o f l ib ido s e xu al is and in t h e gr e at e r p art o f

o t h e r impuls e s ? I t is st ill a v e ry im p ort ant qu e st ion

wh e th e r phylog e ne t ic ally t he fu nct io n o f r e al ity is no t at ,

l e ast in gr e at p art o f s e xu al o r ig in To answ e r th is qu e s

,
.

t io n d ir e ctly in r e g ard to t h e fu n ct io n o f r e al ity is n o t

p o ss ibl e but w e sh all att e mpt to co m e to an u nd e rst and

,

ing ind ir e ctly .

A fl e e t ing gl anc e at t h e h istory o f e volut io n is suflicie nt

to t e ach us th at cou ntl e ss co m pl ic at e d fu nct io ns to wh ich
to d ay m ust b e d e nie d any s e xu al ch ar act e r w e r e or ig
-

in ally pur e d e r iv at io ns fro m t h e g e n e r al im puls e o f

p rop ag at io n D ur ing t h e asc e nt through t h e anim al k ing
.

dom an im port ant d ispl ac e m e nt in t he fu nd am e nt als o f

t h e pro cr e at iv e in st inct h as t ak e n pl ac e . T h e m as s o f
 C ON C EP T I O N A N D TH EORY O F L I B I D O 1 45

t he r e p roduct iv e p roducts w ith t h e u nc e rt ainty o f fe r

t il iz at io n h as m or e and m or e b e e n r e pl ac e d by a co ntroll e d

im p r e gn at io n and an e ffe ct iv e p rot e ct io n o f t h e o ffsp r ing .

I n th is w ay p art o f t h e e n e rgy r e qu ir e d in t h e p rodu ct io n

o f e ggs and sp e rm a h as b e e n tr ansp os e d into t he cr e at io n
o f m e ch anisms fo r allur e m e nt and fo r p rot e ct io n o f t h e
you ng Thu s w e d iscov e r t h e first in st incts o f art in ani
.

m als u s e d in t h e s e rv ic e o f t h e impuls e o f cr e at io n and

,

l im it e d to t h e br e e d ing s e aso n T h e o r ig inal s e xu al ch ar

.

act e r o f th e s e b iolog ic al inst itut io ns b e c am e lo st in th e ir

o rg anic fix at io n and fu n ct ion al ind e p e nd e nc e E v e n if

.

th e r e c an b e no doubt about t h e s e xu al o r ig in o f mu s ic ,

st ill it would b e a p oor unwst he t ic g e ne r al iz at io n if o ne

,

w e r e to includ e m us ic in t h e c at e go ry o f s e xu al ity A .

s im il ar n o m e n cl atu r e would th e n l e ad u s to cl ass ify t h e

c ath e dr al o f Cologne as m ine r alo gy b e c au s e it is bu ilt
o f sto ne s I t c an b e a surpr is e o nly to thos e to whom t h e
.

h istory o f e volut io n is u nknown to find how fe w th ings

th e r e r e ally are in hum an l if e wh ich c annot b e r e du c e d in
t h e l ast analys is to t h e in st in ct o f p ro cr e at io n .I t includ e s
v e ry n e arly e v e ryth in g I th ink wh ich is b e lov e d and d e ar
, ,

to u s W e sp ok e j ust no w o f l ib ido as t h e cr e at iv e im
.

puls e and at t h e s am e t im e w e all ie d ou rs e lv e s w ith t h e

co nc e pt I o n wh ich oppos e s l ib ido to hu ng e r in t h e s am e w ay

th at t h e inst in ct o f t h e pr e s e rv at io n o f t h e sp e c ie s is
o ppo s e d t o t h e in st in ct o f s e lf p r e s e rv at io n
-
. I n n atur e ,

th is art ific ial d ist inct io n do e s no t e x ist H e r e w e se e o nly

.

a co n t inuous l ife im puls e a w ill to l iv e wh ich w ill att ain

,

t h e cr e at io n o f t h e whol e sp e c ie s through t h e pr e s e rv at io n

o f t h e ind iv idu al Thu s far th is co n c e pt io n co inc id e s w it h

.
1 46 PSY C H OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
t he id e a o f t he
W ill in S chop e n h au e r fo r w e c an co nc e iv e ,

W ill obj e c t iv e ly o nly as a m an ife st at io n o f an int e r nal

,

d e s ir e Th is throw ing o f p sycholog ic al p e rc e pt io n s into

.

m at e r ial r e al ity is ch ar act e r iz e d ph ilo soph ic ally as in

t ro j e ct io n .
( F e r e n c z i s co n c e p t io
’
n o f in troj e ct io n

d e n ot e d t h e r e v e rs e t h at is t h e t ak ing o f t h e o ut e r world
, ,

int o t h e inn e r wo rld ) N at ur ally t h e co n c e pt io n o f t he

.
1“
,

world w as d ist o rt e d by introj e ct io n F r e u d s co n c e pt io n .

’

o f t h e p r in c ipl e o f d e s ir e is a volu nt ary for m ul at io n o f t he

id e a o f introj e ct io n wh il e his o n c e m o r e volu nt ar ily c o n
,

c e iv e d pr inc ipl e o f r e al ity co rr e spo n ds fu n ct io n ally to

th at wh ich I d e s ignat e as corr e ct iv e o f r e al ity and R , .

Av e n ariu s d e signat e s as e m pirio krit isch e P rin z ip ial

1 5

koord in at io n T h e co nc e pt io n o f p ow e r ow e s it s e x ist
’
.

e n c e to th is v e ry in troj e c t io n ; th is h as alr e ady b e e n s aid

e xp r e ss iv e ly by G al il e o in h is r e m ark th at it s o r ig in is

to b e sought in t h e subj e ct iv e p e rc e pt io n o f t h e mu scul ar

p ow e r o f t h e ind iv idu al B e c aus e w e h av e alr e ady arr iv e d
.

at t h e d ar in g assu m pt io n t h at t h e l ib ido wh ich w as e m ,

ploy e d or ig in ally in t h e e xclu siv e s e rv ic e o f e g g and s e e d

produ ct io n no w app e ars fi r m ly o rg aniz e d in t h e fu nct ion
,

o f ne st bu ild in g and c an n o lo n g e r b e e m ploy e d oth e r

-

w is e ; s im il arly th is co n c e pt io n forc e s us to r e l at e it t o
e v e ry d e s ir e in clud in g hu ng e r
, F or no w w e c an no lo ng e r
.

m ak e any e s se nt ial d is t in c t io n b e tw e e n t h e w ill to bu ild a

n e s t an d t h e w ill t o e at Th is V ie w br ings u s to a c o n
.

c e p t io n o f l ib ido wh ich e xt e n ds ov e r t h e bou nd ar ie s o f t h e

,

phy sic al S c I e n ce s int o a ph ilo so ph ic al asp e ct—to a c o n

c e p t io n o f t h e w ill in g e n e r al I m ust g iv e th is b it o f
.

psycholog ic al V olu nt ar is m u s into t h e h ands o f t he

1 48 PSY C H OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
c an c e to t h e H ly G host ( w o rld soul m oo n ) ( S e e wh at
o -
,

foll o ws co n c e r n ing C h i o f Tim azu s ) Acc o rd ing t o P 10 .

t inu s ,
t h e w o rld so ul h as a t e n d e n cy t ow a rd a d iv id e d
-

e x ist e n c e an d t ow a rd s d iv is ib il it y t h e c o nd it io s ine qu a
,

n o n o f al l ch ang e cr e at io n an d p r o cr e at io n ( al so a m a
,

t e r n al qu al ity ) I t is an
. u ne nd ing al l o f l ife and
wholly e n e r gy ; it is a l iv ing o rg anis m o f id e as wh ich ,

”
at t ain in it e f fe ct iv e n e ss an d r e al it y T h e int e ll e ct is .

it s p ro cr e ato r it s fath e r wh ich h av ing co n c e iv e d it

, , , ,

”
b r ings it to d e v e lop m e nt in thought .

Wh at l ies e nc l ose d in t he int e ll e c t c o m es t o d ev e l o pm e nt in

,

t h e w o rl d so u l as l o g o s fi l l s it w it h m e an ing an d m ak e s it as if
-
,

” 24
int o x ic at e d w it h ne c t ar .

N e ct ar is logous to so m a t h e dr ink o f fe rt il ity and

ana ,

o f l ife als o t o sp e r m a
,
T h e soul is fru c t ifie d by t h e
.

in t e ll e ct ; as ov e rs o ul it is c all e d h e av e nly Aphr o d it e as ,

t h e u nd e rs o ul t h e e arthly Aphrod it e I t k n o ws t h e b irth

.

”
p angs ,
an d so o n T h e b ird o f Aphr o d it e t h e d o v e
.
, ,

is no t w it hout g o od c au se t h e sy m b o l o f t h e H oly G host .

Th is fr agm e nt o f t h e h ist o ry o f ph il o sophy wh ich m ay ,

e as ily b e e nl arg e d sh o ws t h e s ig nific an c e o f t h e e n d o

,

psych ic p e rc e p t io n o f t h e l ib id o and o f it s sym bol is m in

hum an t hought .

I n t h e d iv e rs it y o f n atur al ph e n o m e n a w e se e t h e de
s ir e t h e l ib id o in t h e m o s t d iv e rs e appl ic at io ns and fo r m s
, , .

W e se e t h e l ib ido in t h e st ag e o f ch ildhood al m ost wholly

o ccup ie d in t h e in s t inct o f nutr it io n wh ich t ak e s c ar e o f ,

t h e upbu ild ing o f t h e b o dy W it h t h e d e v e lop m e nt o f t h e

.

body th e r e are su cc e ss iv e ly o p e ne d ne w sph e r e s o f appl i

 C ON C EP T I ON AN D TH EORY OF LIB IDO 1 49

c at io n for t h e l ib ido T h e l as t sph e r e o f appl ic at io n and

.
,

su rp ass ing al l t he oth e rs in it s fu nct io nal s ignific anc e is ,

s e xu al ity wh ich s e e ms at fir st al m o st b ou nd up w ith t he

,

fu n ct io n o f nutr it io n ( Co m p ar e w ith th is t h e in flu e nc e o n
.

p rocr e at io n o f t he co nd it io n s o f nutr it io n in lo we r ani

m als and pl ants ) I n t h e t e rr itory o f s e xu al ity t h e l ib ido
.
,

w ins th at fo r m at io n t h e e nor m ous im p ort an c e o f wh ich

,

h as ju st ifi e d u s in t h e u se o f t h e t e r m l ib ido in g e ne r al .

H e r e t h e l ib ido app e ars v e ry prop e rly as an im puls e o f

procr e at io n and al m o st in t h e for m o f an u nd iffe r e nt iat e d
,

s e xu al pr im al l ib ido as an e n e rgy o f growth wh ich

, ,

cl e arly fo rc e s t h e ind iv idu al tow ards d iv is io n budd ing , ,

etc .
( T h e cl e a r e st d ist in ct io n b e tw e e n t h e two for m s o f
l ib ido is to b e fou n d am o ng tho s e anim als in whom t h e
st ag e o f nutr it io n is s e p ar at e d from t h e s e xu al st ag e by
a chrys al is st ag e ) .

F ro m th at s e xu al p r im al l ib ido wh ich p rodu c e d m ill io ns

o f e ggs and s e e ds from o ne s m all cr e atu r e d e r iv at iv e s
h av e b e e n d e v e lop e d w ith t h e gr e at l im it at io n o f t h e
fe cu n d ity ; d e r iv at iv e s in wh ich t h e fu nct io n s are m ain
t ain e d by a sp e c ial d iffe r e nt iat e d l ib ido . Th is d iffe r e n
t iat e d l ib ido is h e n c e f o r t h d e s e xu al iz e d b e c au s e it is dis

so c iat e d fro m it s or ig inal fu n ct io n o f e gg and sp e rm a

pro du ct io n ; no r is th e r e any p o ss ib il ity o f r e sto r ing it to

it s o r ig in al fu n ct io n . Thu s in g e ne r al t h e p ro c e s s o f
, ,

d e v e lop m e nt co n s ists in an in cr e as ing tr ans form atio n o f

t h e p r im al l ib ido wh ich o nly p roduc e d p rodu cts o f

g e ne r at io n to t h e s e c o nd ary fu nc t io n s o f allur e m e nt an d
p r o t e ct io n o f t h e you ng Th is no w p r e suppos e s a v e ry
.

d iffe r ent and v e ry compl ic at e d r e l at io n to r e al ity a tru e ,

1 59 P SY CH OLOG Y O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
fu n ct io n o f r e al ity wh ich fu nct io n ally in s e p ar abl e is
, , ,

bou nd up w ith t h e n e e ds o f p ro cr e at io n Thu s t h e alt e r e d

.

m o d e o f pro cr e at io n c arr ie s w ith it as a corr e l at e a co r

re sp o n d ing l y h e ight e n e d ad apt at io n to r e al ity .

I n th is w ay w e att ain an in s ight into c e rt ain p r im it iv e

co nd it io n s o f t h e fu n ct io n o f r e al ity I t would b e r ad ic ally
.

wro ng t o say th at it s co m p e ll ing p ow e r is a s e xu al o ne .

I t w as a s e xu al o ne to a l arg e e xt e nt T he p roc e s s o f .

tr an s for m at io n o f t h e pr im al l ib ido into s e co n d ary im

pul se s alw ays to o k pl ac e in t h e fo r m o f afll ux e s o f s e xu al
l ib ido th at is t o say s e xu al it y b e c am e d e fl e ct e d fro m it s
, ,

o r ig in al d e st in at io n an d a po rt io n o f it tu r ne d l ittl e by ,

l it t l e in cr e as ing in am ou nt into t h e phylog e ne t ic im puls e

, ,

o f t h e m e ch an is m s o f allur e m e nt and o f p rot e ct io n o f t h e

you ng Th is d iv e rs io n o f t h e s e xu al l ib ido from t he

.

s e xu al t e rr itory into assoc iat e d fu nc t io ns is st ill t ak ing

pl ac e . Wh e r e th is op e r at io n su cc e e ds w ithout inj ury to
27

t h e ad apt at io n o f t h e in d iv idu al it is c all e d s ub lim a t io n .

Wh e r e t h e att e m pt do e s n o t su cc e e d it is c all e d r e pr e ssio n .

T h e d e scr ipt iv e st andpo int o f p sychol o g y acc e pts t h e

m ult ipl ic ity o f ins t in cts am o ng wh ich is t h e s e xu al in st inct
, ,

as a sp e c ial ph e no m e n o n ; m or e o v e r it r e cog niz e s c e r t ain

,

afll ux e s o f l ib ido to n o n s e xu al in st in cts

-
.

Q u it e oth e rw is e is t h e g e ne t ic st andpo int I t r e g ards

.

t h e m ul t ipl ic it y o f in st in c t s as issu ing fro m a r e l at iv e

u nity t h e p r im al l ib ido ;
,
it r e c o g niz e s th at d e fi nit e
am o u n ts o f t h e p r im al l ib ido are spl it O f f as it w e r e a sso
, ,

c iat e d w ith t h e n e wly fo r m e d fu n c t io n s and fi n ally m e rg e d

in th e m As a r e sult o f th is it is im p o ssibl e fr o m t h e
.
,

g e ne t ic st andpo int to hold t o t h e s t r ic t ly l im it e d co n c e p

,
1 52
w
P SY CH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OU S
o f t h e l ib ido l e ads to auto e rot is m s inc e t h e p at ie nt s e rot ic
,
’

af flux o f l ib ido d e s igne d fo r t h e fu n ct io n o f ad apt at io n

is introv e rt e d wh e r e by h is e g o is o ccup ie d by t h e corr e
,

sp o n d ing amou nt o f e rot ic l ib ido T h e s ch izop hr e nic

.
,

how e v e r shu ns r e al ity far mo r e th an m e r e ly t h e e rot ic

,

af fi ux would accou nt for ; th e r e fo r e h is inne r co nd it io n is

,

v e ry d iffe r e nt from th at o f t he hyst e r ic H e is m or e th an

.

auto e rot ic h e bu ilds up an in

, tr a p sych ic e qu iv al e nt fo r
-

r e al ity fo r wh ich pu rpo s e h e h as ne c e ss ar ily to e m ploy

,

oth e r dyn am ics th an th at affo rd e d by t h e e rot ic afllux .

Th e r e for e I mu st gr ant to B l e ul e r t h e r ight to r e j e ct t he

,

co nc e pt io n o f auto e rot is m t ak e n fro m t he study O f hys

,

t e ric al ne u ros e s and th e r e l e g it im at e an d to r e pl ac e it

, ,

by t h e co nc e pt io n o f aut is m u s ? I am forc e d to say th at

0

t h is t e rm is b e tt e r fitt e d to facts th an auto e rot is m W ith

'

th is I ack nowl e dg e my e arl ie r id e a o f t h e id e nt it y o f

aut is m u s ( B l e ul e r ) an d auto e rot ism ( F r e ud ) as unj u st i

fie d and th e r e for e r e tr act it ?

, , ,
1
Th is thorough r e v is io n
o f t h e co n c e pt io n o f l ib ido h as co m p e ll e d m e to th is .

F rom th e s e co ns id e r at io n s it follows ne c e ss ar ily th at

t h e d e scr ipt iv e p sycholog ic co n c e pt io n o f l ib ido mu st b e

g iv e n up in o rd e r for t h e l ib ido th e ory to b e appl ie d to

d e m e nt ia p rmco x Th at it is t h e r e appl ic abl e is b e st
.

show n in F r e ud s b r ill iant inv e st ig at io n o f S c hre b e r s

’ ’

ph ant as ie s T h e qu e st io n no w is wh e th e r th is g e ne t ic
.

co nc e pt io n o f l ib ido p rop os e d by m e is su it abl e fo r t h e

ne u ros e s . I b e l ie v e t h at t h is qu e st io n m ay b e answ e r e d
afli rm at iv e l y . N tu r
a a n o n f e c it saltu m — it is n o t m e r e ly
to b e e xp e ct e d but it is also prob abl e t h at at l e ast t e m
p o r a ry fu n c t io n al d isturb anc e s o f v ar iou s d e gr e e s app e ar
 C O N C EP T I ON A N D TH EORY O F L I B I D O 1 53

in u ro s e s wh ich tr ansc e nd t h e bou nd ar ie s o f t he

t h e ne ,

im m e d iat e s e xu al ; in any c as e th is occu rs in p sychot ic ,

e p isod e s I co n s id e r t h e b r o ad e n ing o f t h e co n c e pt io n o f
.

l ib ido wh ich h as d e v e l o p e d t hrough t h e m o st r e c e nt an

alyt ic wo rk as a r e al adv an c e wh ich w ill prov e o f e sp e c ial

adv ant ag e in t h e im port ant fi e ld o f t h e introv e rs io n psy

cho s e s P roo fs o f t h e corr e ct ne s s o f m y assu m pt io n are

.

alr e ady at h an d I t h as b e co m e app ar e nt th rough a s e r ie s

.

o f r e s e arch e s o f t h e Z ur ich S ch o ol wh ich are now pub ,

lishe d in p art th at t he ph ant ast ic sub st itut io n p rodu cts

,
32

which t ak e t h e pl ac e o f t h e d isturb e d fu nct io n o f r e al ity

b e ar u nm ist ak abl e tr ac e s o f arch aic thought Th is c o n .

firm at io n is p ar all e l to t h e po stul at e a ss e rt e d abov e ac ,

co rd ing to wh ich r e al ity is d e pr iv e d no t m e r e ly o f an ,

imm e d iat e ( in d iv idu al ) am ou n t o f l ib ido but also o f an ,

alr e ady d if fe r e nt iat e d o r d e s e xu al iz e d qu ant ity o f l ib ido ,

wh ich am o ng no r m al p e opl e h as b e lo ng e d to t he fu nct io n

, ,

o f r e al ity e v e r s in c e
p r e hist o rI c t I m e s A d r o i
pp gn a w ay .

o f t he l as t ac quis it io n o f t he func t io n o fre ality ( o r adapt a

t io n ) m us t o f ne c e ssit y be p l a d b a n ar lie r m o d e o f
re c e
y e

ad ap t a t io n . We
th is find pr inc ipl e alr e ady in t h e do c
tr ine s o f t h e ne u ros e s th at is th at a r e p r e ss io n r e sult ing
, ,

fro m t h e failu r e o f t h e r e c e n t tr ans fe r e n c e is r e pl ac e d by

an old w ay o f tr an s fe r e n c e n am e ly through a r e gr e ss iv e
, ,

r e v iv al o f t he p ar e nt im ago I n t h e tr ans f e r e nc e ne u ro s is
.

( hyst e r ic al ) wh e r e m e r e ly a p art o f t h e im m e dia t e

,

s e x ua l l ib id o is t ak e n aw ay fro m r e al ity by t h e sp e c ifi c

s e xu al r e p r e ss io n t h e subst itut e d p rodu ct is a ph ant asy

,

o f in d iv idu al o r ig in an d s ig nific an c e w 1 t h o nly a t r ac e ,

o f thos e a rch aic tr ait s fou n d in t h e ph ant asie s o f t h o se

1 54 P SY CH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
m e n t al d isord e rs in wh ich a p ort io n o f t h e g e ne r al hu m an
fu n ct io n o f r e al it y o rg aniz e d s in c e ant iqu ity h as b r o k e n
of f Th is p o rt io n c an b e r e pl ac e d o nly by a g e n e r ally
.

v al id arch aic su rrog at e We o w e a s im pl e and cl e ar e x

.

am pl e o f t h is prop o sit io n to t h e inv e st ig at io n o f H o n e g

”
g e r . A p a r an o ic o f goo d int e ll ig e n c e who h a s a cl e a r
id e a o f t h e sph e r ic al for m o f t he e arth an d it s rot at io n
a r o u n d t h e su n r e pl ac e s t h e m od e r n a stro n o m ic al V ie ws

by a syst e m wo rk e d out in gr e at d e t ail wh ich o ne mu st ,

c all arch aic in wh ich t h e e ar t h is a fl at d is c ov e r wh ich

,

t h e sun tr av e ls .
34
( I am r e m i n d e d o f t h e su n
-
ph allu s
m e nt io ne d in t h e first p art o f th is b ook fo r wh ich w e are
,

al so in d e bt e d to H o n e gg e r ) . Spie l re in h as l ik e w is e fu r
n ish e d so m e v e ry int e r e st in g e x am pl e s o f a rch aic d e fini

t io ns wh ich b e g in in c e rt ain ill ne ss e s to ov e rl ay t h e r e al

m e anings o f t h e mod e r n word F o r e x am pl e Sp ie l re in s
.
,
’

p at ie nt h ad corr e ctly d iscov e r e d t h e m yth o log ic al S ignifi

c anc e o f alcohol t h e int ox ic at ing dr ink to b e an e ffu sio n
, ,

”
o f s ee d .
35
Sh e also h ad a sy m b o l is m o f bo il ing wh ich I
must pl ac e p ar all e l to t h e e sp e c ially impo rt ant alch e m ist ic
”
v is io n o f Z o sim o s who fo u nd p e opl e in bo il ing w at e r
,

w ith in t h e c av ity o f t he alt ar . Th is p at ie nt us e d e arth

37

”
in pl ac e o f moth e r and also w at e r to e xpr e s s moth e r
, . I
r e fr ain fro m fu rth e r e x am pl e s b e c au s e futur e work o f t h e
Z u r ich S chool w ill fur nish abu nd ant e v id e nc e o f th is sort .

M y for e go ing propos it io n o f t h e r e pl ac e m e nt of t he

d isturb e d fu nct io n o f r e al ity by an arch aic surrog at e is

support e d by an e xc e ll e nt p ar adox o f S pie l re in s S h e ’
.

s ays : I O ft e n h ad t he illus io n t h at th e s e p at ie nts m ight

1 56 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
s io n . T he p rop e ll ing m o t iv e o f
h is t r an s it io n o f t he
t

imm e dia t e s e x ual l ib ido t o t h e n o n s e xu al r e p r e s e nt at io n

'

c an in my op inio n b e fou n d o nly in a re sis t anc e w h ic h

, ,

o pp o se s p m
ri it iv e s e x uality .

It pp e ars as if by t h is m e an s o f ph ant ast ic an al o gy

a ,

for m at io n m o r e l ib ido would gr adu ally b e co m e d e se xu al

,

iz e d b e c aus e in cr e asingly m or e ph ant asy corr e l at e s w e r e

,

u t in t h e pl a c e o f t h e p r im it iv e ach ie v e m e n t o f t h e s e xu al
p
l ib id o W it h t h is an e nor m ou s bro ad e ning o f t h e wo rld
.

id e a w as gr adu ally d e v e l o p e d b e c aus e n e w obj e cts w e r e

alw ays as sim il at e d as s e xu al sy m b o ls I t is a qu e st io n
.

wh e th e r t h e hu m an co n sc io us ne ss h as n o t b e e n b rought
t o it s p r e se n t st at e e nt ir e ly o r in gr e at p art in th is m an

ne r .I t is e v id e nt in any c as e th at an im p o rt ant signifi

, ,

c anc e in t h e d e v e lop m e nt o f t h e hu m an m in d is due to

t h e im puls e tow ards t h e d iscov e ry o f an alo g y W e must
.

agr e e thoroughly w it h S t e inth al wh e n h e s ays th at an

ab solut e ly ov e rw e e nin g im port an c e m ust b e gr an t e d to

t h e l ittl e phr as e G l e ich w ie ( e v e n a s ) in t h e h i story

o f t h e d e v e lop m e n t o f t hought I t is e asy to b e l ie v e th at
.

t h e c a rry o v e r o f t h e l ib id o to a ph ant as t ic corr e l at e h as

l e d p r im it iv e m an to a nu m b e r o f t h e m o st im port ant
d iscov e r ie s .
 CHA P T E R I I I

TH E T R A N S F O R M AT I O N O F T H E L I B I DO .

A P O SSI B L E S O U R C E O F P R I M I T I V E H U M A N
D I S C O VE R I E S

IN t he follow in g p ag e s I w ill e n d e avo r to p ictur e a

co n cr e t e e x am pl e o f t h e tr ansit io n o f t h e l ib ido I o nc e .

tr e at e d a p at ie nt who su ffe r e d fro m a d e p r e ss iv e c at a

to nic co nd it io n T h e c as e w as o ne o f o nly a sl ight intro
.

v e rs io n p sycho s is ; th e r e fo r e t h e e x ist e nc e o f m any

,

hyst e r ic al f e atur e s w as no t su rp r is ing I n t h e b e g inning

.

o f t h e an alyt ic tr e at m e nt wh il e t e ll in g o f a v e ry p ain ful

,

occu rr e n c e she f e ll into a hyst e r ic al dr e amy st at e in wh ich

-

sh e show e d al l sign s o f s e xu al e xc it e m e nt F o r obv iou s

.

r e aso n s sh e lo st t h e k nowl e dg e o f m y pr e s e nc e du r ing th is

co nd it io n Th e e xc it e m e nt l e d to a m ast urb at iv e act
.

( f r ic t io fe m o rum ) Th
. is ac t w a s a cco m p a n ie d by a

p e cul iar g e stu r e S h e m ad e a v e ry v io l e nt r o t ary m o t io n

.

w ith t h e for e fi ng e r o f t h e l e ft h and o n t he l e ft t e m pl e ,

as if sh e w e r e bor in g a hol e th e r e A ft e rw ards th e r e w as

.

compl e t e am ne s ia fo r wh at had h app e ne d and th e r e w as ,

.

n oth in g t o b e l e ar n e d ab out t h e qu e e r g e stu r e w ith h e r

h and Although th is act c an e as ily b e l ik e ne d t o a bo r ing

.

into t h e mouth n o s e o r e ar no w tr an s f e rr e d to t h e
, ,

t e mpl e it b e lo ngs in t he t e rr itory o f in f ant il e ludu s se xu

,

al is
1 — to t h e p r e l im inary e x e rc is e p r e p ar ato ry to s e xu al
a ct iv ity W ithout r e ally u nd e rst and ing it th is g e stur e
.
, ,

1 57
1 58 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
ne v e rt he l e ss s e e m e d v e ry im port ant to m e M any w e e ks
, .

l at e r I h ad an opp ortu nity to sp e ak to t h e p at ie nt s ’

m o th e r an d fro m h e r I l e ar n e d th at h e r d aught e r h ad
,

b e e n a v e ry e xc e pt io n al ch ild Wh e n o nly two y e ars old

.

sh e would sit w it h h e r b ack to an o p e n cupbo ard d o or for

h o ur s and rhyth m ic ally b e at h e r h e ad ag ainst t h e door 2

t o t h e d istr act io n o f t h e hous e hold A l ittl e l at e r in st e ad

.
,

o f pl ay ing as oth e r ch ildr e n sh e b e g an to bor e a hol e w ith

,

h e r fi ng e r in t h e pl ast e r o f t h e w all o f t h e hou s e She .

did th is w ith l it t l e tu r n ing and scr ap ing m ov e m e nts and ,

k e pt h e rs e l f bu sy at th is o ccup at io n fo r hou rs S h e w as .

a co m pl e t e puz zl e to h e r p ar e n ts F ro m h e r fou rth y e ar

.

sh e p r act is e d o n anis m . I t is e v id e n t th at in th is e arly

in fant il e act iv ity t h e pr e l im inary st ag e o f t h e l at e r troubl e
m ay b e fou n d Th e e sp e c ially r e m ark abl e f e atu r e s in th is
.

c as e are first th at t h e ch ild did no t c arry out t h e act io n

, ,

o n it s o wn body and s e co n dly t h e ass idu ity w ith wh ich

, , ,

it c arr ie d o n t h e act io n ?
O n e is t e m pt e d to br ing th e s e
t w o f acts into a c au s al r e l at io n sh ip an d t o say b e c au s e t h e
,

ch ild do e s no t acco m pl ish t h is act io n o n h e r o wn body ,

p e rh aps th at is t h e r e aso n o f t h e ass idu it y fo r by bor ing

,

into t h e w all sh e n e v e r a rr iv e s at t h e s am e s at is fact io n as

if sh e e x e cut e d t h e act iv ity o n anist ic ally o n he r o wn body .

T h e v e ry e v id e nt o n an ist icb or in g o f t h e p at ie nt c an b e
tr ac e d b ack t o a v e ry e arly st ag e o f ch ildhood wh ich is ,

p r ior to t h e p e r io d o f lo c al o nanis m Th at t im e is st ill

.

p sychologic ally v e ry ob scu r e b e c aus e ind iv idu al re p ro duc

,

t io ns and m e m or ie s are l ack ing to a gr e at e xt e nt t h e s am e ,

a s am o ng anim als . T h e r ac e ch ar act e r ist ics ( m anne r o f

l ife ) p r e do m inat e dur ing t h e e nt ir e l ife o f t h e anim al ,
1 60 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
bor ing app e ar e d at a t im e wh ich p r e c e d e d t h e inf ant il e
o nanism lo c al iz e d in t h e g e nit als Th is f act is o f signifi
.

c an c e in so far as th is bor ing d iffe rs th e r e by fr o m a s im il ar

l at e r pr act ic e wh ich app e ar e d aft e r t h e ge nit al o nanism .

T h e l at e r b ad h ab its r e p r e s e nt as a rul e a subst itut io n

, ,

fo r r e pr e ss e d g e nit al m asturb at io n o r fo r an att e m pt in

,

t h is d ir e ct io n .As such th e s e h ab its ( fing e r su ck ing b it ing-

,

t h e n ails p ick ing at th ings bor ing into t h e e ars and n os e

, , ,

etc ) m a
.
y p e rs ist f a r into a dult l if e as r e gul a r sy m ptoms
o f a r e p r e ss e d am ou nt o f l ib ido .

As h as alr e ady b e e n show n abov e t he l ib ido in youth,

ful ind iv idu als at first m anif e sts its e l f in t h e nutr it io nal
zo ne wh e n foo d is t ak e n in t h e act o f su ckl ing w ith
,

rh yth m ic mov e m e nts and w ith e v e ry s ign o f s at is f act io n .

W ith t h e growth o f t h e in d iv idu al and t h e d e v e lop m e nt

o f h is o rg an s t h e l ib ido cr e at e s fo r its e lf ne w av e nu e s to
supply it s n e e d o f act iv ity and s at is f act io n T h e pr im ary .

m od e l o f rhyth m ic act iv ity p rodu c in g pl e asur e and s at is

,

f act io n m ust no w b e tr ans fe rr e d to t h e zo ne o f oth e r

,

fu nct io n s w ith s e xu al it y as it s fi nal go al A co ns id e r abl e

,
.

p art o f t h e hu ng e r l ib ido is tr ans f e rr e d into t he

s e xu al l ib ido Th is tr an s it io n do e s n o t t ak e pl ac e sud
.

d e nly at t h e t im e o f pub e rty as is g e ne r ally suppos e d but

, ,

v e ry gr adu ally in t h e c o urs e o f t he gr e at e r p art o f ch ild

hood T he l ib ido c an fr e e its e lf o nly w it h d iffi cul t y and
.

v e ry slowly fro m th at wh ich is p e cul iar to t h e fu nct ion o f

nutr it io n ,in ord e r to e nt e r into t h e p e cul iar ity o f t h e
s e xu al fu n ct io n Two p e r iods are to b e d ist ingu ish e d in
.

—
th is s t at e o f t r an s it io n so far as I c an judg e t h e e po c h o f
,

suc kl ing and t h e e p o c h o f t he d ispl ac e d r hyt h m ic a c t iv ity .

 TH E T R A N S FORM AT I ON O F TH E L I B I D O 1 61

S uckl ing st ill b e lo ngs to t he

fu nct io n o f nutr it io n but ,

p ass e s b e yo n d it how e v e r in th at it is n o lo nge r t h e fu n c

, ,

t io n o f nutr it io n but rhyth m ic act iv ity w ith pl e asu r e and

, ,

s atis fact io n as a go al w ithout t he t ak ing o f nou r ish m e nt

,
.

H e r e t h e h and e nt e rs as an aux il iary o rg an I n t he .

p e r io d o f t h e d ispl ac e d rhyth m ic act iv ity t h e h and app e ars

st ill m or e cl e arly as an aux il iary org an ; t he g aining o f
pl e asur e l e av e s t h e m outh zo ne and tu r n s to oth e r r e g io ns .

T h e p o ss ib il it ie s are no w m any As a rul e oth e r op e nings

.
,

o f t h e body b e co m e t he obj e cts o f t h e l ib ido int e r e st ;

th e n t h e sk in and sp e c ial p ort io ns o f th at T he act iv ity
,
.

e xp r e s s e d in th e s e p a rts wh ich c an app e ar as rubb ing

, ,

bor ing p ick ing and so on foll o ws a c e rt ain rhythm and

, , ,

s e rv e s to produ c e pl e asu r e A ft e r lo nge r o r short e r t arry

.

ings o f t h e l ib ido at th e s e st at io n s it p ass e s o nw ard u nt il

,

it r e ach e s t h e s e xu al zo ne and th e r e fo r t h e fi rst t im e

, , ,

c an b e o cc a s ion fo r t h e b e g in ning o f o nanist ic att e mpts .

I n it s m igr at io n t h e l ib ido t ak e s mor e th an a l ittl e o f t h e

fu n ct io n o f nutr it io n w ith it into t h e s e xu al zo ne wh ich ,

r e ad ily accou nts for t h e num e rou s and inn at e corr e l a

t io ns b e tw e e n t h e fu nct io ns o f nutr it io n and s e xu al ity I f .
,

a ft e r t h e o ccup at io n o f t h e s e xu al zo n e an obst acl e a r is e s

,

ag ainst t h e p r e s e nt for m o f appl ic at io n o f t h e l ib ido th e n ,

th e r e o ccu rs accord ing to t he w e ll known l aws a r e gr e s

,
-

s io n to t h e ne ar e st st at io n ly ing b e h ind to t h e two abov e ,

m e nt io ne d p e r iods I t is no w o f sp e c ial im po rt an c e th at
.

t h e e poch o f t h e d ispl ac e d rhyth m ic a ct iv ity co inc id e s in

a g e ne r al w ay w ith t h e t im e o f t h e d e v e lop m e nt o f t h e

m in d an d o f sp e e ch I m ight d e s ignat e t h e p e r iod from

.

b irth u nt il t h e o ccup at io n o f t h e s e xu al zo ne as t h e pre

1 62 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
s e xu al st age o f d e v e lop m e nt Th is g e ne r ally o ccu rs b e
.

tw e e n t h e th ird and fi fth y e ar an d is co m p ar abl e to t he

,

chrys al is st ag e in butt e rfl ie s I t is d is t in gu ish e d by t he

.

irr e gul a r co mm ingl ing o f t h e e l e m e nt s o f nutr it io n and o f

se xu al fu n ct io n s C e rt ain r e gr e ss io ns follow d ir e ctly b ack
.

t o t h e pr e s e xu al st ag e an d judg ing fro m m y e xp e r ie n c e

, , ,

t h is s e e m s t o b e t h e rul e in t h e r e gr e ss io n o f d e m e nt ia

p rze c o x I. w ill g iv e two br ie f e x am pl e s O ne c as e co n .

c e r n s a you ng g irl who d e v e lop e d a c at ato nic st at e dur ing

h e r e n g ag e m e nt Wh e n sh e saw m e fo r t h e first t im e sh e
.
,

c am e up sudd e nly e m br ac e d m e an d s aid

, , P ap a g iv e , ,

m e so m e th in g to e at T h e oth e r c as e co nc e r ns a you ng
m aid se rv ant w h o c o m pl aine d t h at p e o pl e pursu e d h e r
w ith e l e ctr ic ity and th at t h is c au s e d a qu e e r f e e l ing in h e r
g e nit als as if it at e and dr ank dow n th e r e
, .

Th e s e r e gr e ss iv e ph e no m e na show th at e v e n from t he
d ist an c e o f t he m od e r n m ind tho s e e arly st ag e s o f t h e
l ib ido c an b e r e gr e ss iv e ly r e ach e d O ne m ay assu m e .
,

t h e r e for e th at in t h e e arl ie s t st at e s o f h um an d e v e lop

,

m e nt th is ro ad w as m u ch m o r e e as ily tr av e ll e d th an it is
to d ay I t b e co m e s th e n a m att e r o f gr e at int e r e st to
-
.

l e ar n wh e th e r tr ac e s o f th is h av e b e e n p r e s e rv e d in
h isto ry .

W e o w e ou r kn owl e dg e o f t h e e t h nolog ic ph ant asy o f

bor ing to t h e v alu abl e work o f Abr ah am w ho al so r e f e rs ,
4

us to t h e wr it ings o f Ad alb e rt K uh n Thr o ugh th is in

.
5

v e st ig at io n w e l e a r n t h at P r o m e t h e u s t h e fi re br ing e r
,
-
,

m ay b e a b roth e r o f t h e H in d o o P ram ant h a th at is to ,

say o f t h e m ascul in e fi re rubb ing p ie c e o f w o o d T he

-
.
,

H indo o fire br ing e r is c all e d M at arigv an and t h e act iv ity

-
,
1 64 P SY CH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS

p r am ant ha
could s c arc e ly b e so d ir e ct as K uh n c o nj e c
tu r e s T h e qu e st io n o f an ind ir e ct r e l at io n is no t d e c id e d
.

w ith th at Abov e al l 17 73 074 779s is o f gr e at s ignific an c e

.
,

a s a su r n am e fo r 79 9 2 1 s inc e t h e fl am in g o ne is t h e ,

fo r e th ink e r -

( P r a m a t i .p r e c a ut io n i s a l s o an at t ri

bu t e o f Agni al t hough pr am at i is o f ano th e r d e r iv at io n )

, .

P rom e th e u s how e v e r b e l o ngs to t h e l ine o f P hl e g ians

, ,

wh ich w as pl ac e d by K uh n in u nco nt e st e d r e l at io nsh ip to

t h e I nd ian p r ie st f am ily o f B h rg u T h e B h rgu are l ik e ?

M at arigv an ( t h e o ne sw e ll ing in t h e m oth e r also

fire br ing e rs
-
K uh n quot e s a p ass ag e accord ing to wh ich
.
,

B h rgu also ar is e s from t h e fl am e l ik e Agni I n t he .

fl am e B h rgu o r iginat e d B h rgu ro ast e d bu t did no t .

,

bu r n Th is v ie w l e ads to a ro ot r e l at e d to B h rgu
.
,

t h at is to say to t h e S an skr it b hra l ight t i

'

, y t o L a n I
,

f g
u l e o a n d G r e e k é
w y (
h oo S an skr it b h arg a s spl e n d o r ,

L at in f ulg ur ) B h rgu app e ars th e r e fo r e as

. t h e sh in , ,

ing o ne (M ay 15a ; m e an s a c e rt ain sp e c ie s o f e agl e

.
/ on ,

a ccou nt o f it s bu rn ish e d gold colo r T h e co nne ct io n .

w ith afl t é y e w wh ich s ignifi e s to bu r n is cl e ar T h e

, , .

Ph l e g ian s are also t h e fire e agl e s P ro m e th e u s also b e .

1 0

lo ngs to t h e P hl e g ians T h e p ath from P ram ant h a to .

P ro m e t h e u s p as s e s no t through t h e w o rd but through t h e ,

id e a and th e r e fo r e w e should adop t th is s am e m e aning

, , ,

fo r P rom e th e u s as th at wh ich P ram ant h a att ains from t h e

H indoo fire sy m bol ism .

T h e P ram ant h a as t h e tool o f M ant h ana ( t h e fire

,

s acr ific e ) is co nsid e r e d pu r e ly s e xu al in t he H indo o ; t he

,

P r am ant h a as ph allus o r m an ; t h e b o r e d wood u nd e r ,

ne at h as vulv a o r w o m an T h e r e sult ing fire is t he

,
.
“2
 TH E T R A N S FORM AT I ON O F TH E L I B I D O 1 65

ch ild t h e d iv ine so n Ag ni T h e two p ie c e s o f wood are

, .

c all e d in t he cult P u rfirav as and U rv agi and w e r e t h o ught ,

o f p e rso nifi e d as m an and wo m an T h e fire w as bor n .

fro m t h e g e nit als o f t h e wo m an ”

An e sp e c ially int e r .

e st in g r e p r e s e n t at io n o f fire p rodu ct io n as a r e l ig iou s ,

c e r e mo ny ( m ant h ana ) is g iv e n by W e b e r ,

A c e rt ain sac ri c ialfi fi re w as l it by t he ru bb ing t o g e t he r o f

t w o st ic s ; k o ne p ie c e o f w o o d is ta ke n up w it h t he w o rd s : T ho u
t he b irt hp l ac e o f t he fi re b l ad es of p l ac e d
’
art ,
and tw o g rass are

adh a ( t he
’
rarani
‘
Y e are t he t w o t e st ic l e s, t he
‘ ’
up o n it ; to

u n d e rl y ing w oo d ) : T ho u art U rv aCI t he n t he u t araran i ( t h at

‘

w h ic h is p l ac e d on t op ) is ano in t e d w it h b ut t e r .
‘
T ho u art

P ow e r .
’
T h is is t he n p l ac e d on t he adh ararani .
‘
T ho u art

P u rfi rav as b o t h are rubb e d t h re e t im e s

an d I rub t he e w it h .
‘

t he G ayat rim e t rum : I ru b t he e w it h t he T rish t ub hm e t rum : I rub

t he e w it h t h e J ag at im e t rum
’
.

T he s e xu al symbol ism o f th is fire pro duction is unmis

t ak abl e W e se e h e r e also t h e rhyth m t h e m e tr e in it s
.
'

o r ig inal pl ac e as s e xu al rhyth m r is ing abov e t h e m at ing ,

c all into mu s ic A so ng o f t h e R igv e d a conv e ys t h e

.
15

s am e int e rp r e t at io n and symbol ism °

H e re is t he ge ar fo r func t io n, he re d
t in e r m ad e re a dy for t he
sp ar k .

B ring t ho u t he m at ro n w e w ill ru b A g ni in anc ie nt fashio n

fo rt h .

In t he tw o fi re -
st ic ks J at av e das l ie t h , ev en as t h e w e ll -
fo rm e d
g e rm in p re g nant w o m e n ;
A gni w ho day b y d ay m ust b e e x al t e d by m e n w ho w at c h and

w o rsh ip w it h o b l at io ns ;
L ay t h is w it h c are o n t h at w h ic h l ies ex t en d ed : st raigh t h at h
s e h b o rne t h e st e e r w he n m ad e p ro l ifi c .
1 66 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
W it h h is re d p ill ar — ra d iant in h is sp l e nd o r —i n S k ill e d
—B
ou r

t ask is b o rn t h e so n o f k III i
1 7
oo xx x : 1 3
-
. .

S id e by s id e w ith t h e u ne qu ivoc al co itu s sym bol ism we

se e th at t he P ram ant h a is also Agni t h e cr e at e d so n , .

T h e P h allus is t h e so n o r t h e so n is t h e P h allu s
, Th e r e .

fo r e Agni in t h e V e d ic m ythology h as t h e thr e e fold ch ar

,

a ct e r W ith t h is w e are o nc e m or e co nne ct e d w ith t h e

.

abov e m e n t io ne d C ab ir ic F ath e r S o n Cult

-
I n t h e m od e r n - -
.

G e r m an l angu ag e w e h av e pr e s e rv e d e cho e s o f t h e p r im i
t iv e sy m bols A b oy is d e s ignat e d as b e ng e l ( short
“

,
.

th ick p ie c e o f wood ) I n H e ss ian as st ift o r bol

.
“

zen ( a rrow wood e n p g

,
e o r stump ) T h e Art e m is ia .

Abrot anu m wh ich is c all e d in G e r m an S t ab wurz

,

S
’
st ck root ) i c ll d i E li h oy s ov T h
“
( i s a e ,
n n g B L e ( e .

vulg a r d e s ignat io n o f t h e p e nis as boy w as r e m ark e d

e v e n by G r imm and oth e rs ) T h e c e r e m o nial pr o duct io n
.

o f fi re w as r e t aine d in E u rop e as l at e as t h e nine t e e nth

c e ntu ry as a sup e rst it ious cu stom K uh n m e nt io n s su ch a .

c as e e v e n in t h e y e ar 1 8 2 8 wh ich o ccu rr e d in G e r m any , .

T h e sol e m n m ag ic c e r e m o ny w as c all e d t h e
, N o d fyr
T h e fire o f ne e d an d t h e ch ar m w as ch ie fly u s e d
1 9

ag ain st c attl e e p id e m ics K uh n c it e s fro m t h e chro n icl e

.

o f L ane rc o st o f t h e y e ar 1 2 6 8 an e sp e c ially n ot e worthy

”
c as e o f t h e N o dfyr t h e c e r e m o nie s o f wh ich pl ainly
,

r e v e al t h e fu nd am e nt al ph all ic m e aning

P ro fi de i d iv inm int e g rit at e vand a

se r re c o atl l ec t o r, q u d um
o c

ho c anno in L ao do n ia p est is g rassare t u r in p e c u de s arm e ,

a nt i q u m

v o c an t u se t at i L u ng e sso u h t , q
u id am b est ial e s, h ab it u c l au st ral e s

no n anim o , do c e b ant id io t as p at riae ig ne m c o nfric t io ne de l ig nis

e du c e re et S im u l ac ru m P riap i st at ue re e t p e r h aec b est iis suc e u r
,
1 68 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
cou nt e r f e it a w o m an s g e nit als Th e y d anc e t he n ight
’
.

lo ng around th is hol e ; in co nn e ct io n w ith th is th e y hold

sp e ars in fro nt o f th e m s e lv e s in a m anne r to r e c all t h e
p e nis in e r e ct io n Th e y d an c e ar o u n d t h e hol e and thrust
.

th e ir sp e ars int o t h e d itch wh il e t h e y cry to it

,
Pull i ,

”
nir a pull i n ir a w at aka !
, , ( n o n f o ss a n o n foss a s e,d ,

cu nnus S uch o bsc e ne d anc e s app e ar amo ng oth e r pr im i

t iv e r ac e s as w e ll .

I n th is sp r ing in c ant at io n are co nt aine d t h e e l e m e nts

”
o f t h e co itu s pl ay Th is pl ay is noth ing but a co itus
.

g am e th at is to say or ig inally th is pl ay w as s imply a

, ,

co itu s in t h e for m o f s acr am e nt al m at ing wh ich fo r a ,

lo ng t im e w as a myst e r iou s e l e m e nt am o ng c e rt ain cults ,

”
and r e app e ar e d in s e cts I n t h e c e r e m o nie s o f Z inz e n
.

do r f s follow e rs e cho e s o f t h e co itus s acr am e nt m ay b e

’

r e cogniz e d ; also in oth e r s e cts .

O ne can e as ily th ink th at ju st as t h e abov e m e nt ion e d -

Austr al ian bu sh m e n p e r form t h e co itu s pl ay in th is m an

n e r t h e s am e p e r for m an c e could b e e n act e d in anoth e r

m anne r and ind e e d in t h e for m O f fire p roduct ion I n

, , , .

st e ad o f through two s e l e ct e d hum an b e ings t h e co itus ,

w as r e p r e s e nt e d by two sub st itut e s by P u rfi rav as and ,

U rv aci by P h allu s and V ulv a by b or e r and o p e ning

, ,
.

Just as t h e p r im it iv e thought b e h ind oth e r custo m s is

'

r e ally t h e s acr am e nt al co it io n so h e r e t he p r im al t e nd e ncy

is r e ally t h e act its e l f F o r t h e act o f f e rt il iz at ion is t he
.

—
cl im ax t he tru e f e st iv al o f l if e and w e ll worthy to b e ,

co m e t h e nu cl e u s o f a r e l ig iou s myst e ry I f w e are ju st i .

fie d in co n clud ing th at t h e sy m bol is m o f t h e hol e in t h e

e arth u s e d by t h e W at sc h and ie s fo r t h e f e r t il iz at io n o f
 TH E T R A N S FORM AT I O N OF TH E L I B I D O 1 69

t he rth t ak e s t h e pl ac e o f t h e co itu s th e n t h e g e n e r a
“

ea ,

t io n o f fire could b e co n s id e r e d in t h e s am e w ay as a
substitut e fo r co itus ; and ind e e d it m ight b e fu rth e r c o n
, ,

clud e d as a co n s e qu e n c e o f th is r e aso ning th at t h e inv e n

t io n o f fi re m ak ing is also due to t he ne e d o f supply ing a
-

”
symbol fo r t h e s e xu al act .

L e t u s r e tur n fo r a m o m e nt to t h e in f ant il e symptom

, ,

o f b or ing L e t u s im ag ine a stro ng adult m an c arry ing

.

o n t h e bor ing w ith two p ie c e s o f woo d w it h t h e s am e p e r

s e v e r anc e and t h e e ne rgy co rr e spo nd ing to th at o f th is

ch ild H e m ay v e ry e as ily cr e at e fire by th is pl ay B ut
. .

”
o f gr e at e st s ig nific anc e in th is work is t h e rhythm Th is .

hypoth e s is s e e m s to m e psycholog ic ally poss ibl e although ,

it S hould no t b e s aid w ith th is th at o nly in th is w ay could

t h e d iscov e ry o f fire o ccu r I t c an r e sult j u st as w e ll by
.

t h e str ik in g tog e th e r o f fl ints I t is s c arc e ly po ss ibl e th at

.

fire w as cr e at e d in o nly o ne w ay All I w ant to e st abl ish

.

h e r e is m e r e ly t h e p sycholog ic proc e ss t he sym bol ic ind i

,

c at io ns o f wh ich p o int to t h e p os s ib il ity th at in su ch a

w ay w as fire I nv e nt e d o r pr e p ar e d .

T h e e x ist e nc e o f t h e pr im it iv e co itus pl ay o r r it e s e e ms
to m e suflicie nt ly p rov e n T h e o nly th ing th at is obscu r e
.

is t h e e ne rgy and e m ph as is o f t h e r itu al pl ay I t is w e ll

.

k now n th at tho s e pr im it iv e r it e s w e r e o ft e n o f v e ry bloody

s e r iou s ne ss and w e r e p e r fo rm e d w ith an e xtr aord inary
,

d ispl ay o f e ne r gy wh ich app e ars as a gr e at co ntr ast to

,

t h e w e ll k no w n indol e n c e o f p r im it iv e hu m anity
-
Th e r e .

for e t he r itu al act iv ity e nt ir e ly lo s e s t h e ch ar act e r o f pl ay

, ,

and w in s th at o f purp os e ful e f fo rt I f c e rt ain N e gro

.

r ac e s c an d an c e t h e whol e night l o ng to thr e e to ne s in

1 79 P SY CH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
t he m o st m o no t o n o u s m anne r ,
th e n accord ing to ou r id e a
, ,

th e r e is in t h is an absolu t e l ack o f t h e ch ar act e r o f pl ay

p ast im e ; it app ro ach e s n e ar e r to e x e rc ise Th e r e s e e m s .

to e x ist a sor t o f co m pul sio n t o tr an s fe r t h e l ib ido into

su ch r itu al act iv it y I f t h e b as is o f t he r itu al act iv ity is
.

t h e s e xu al ac t w e m ay a ssu m e th at it is r e ally t h e u n d e r
,

ly ing thought an d o bj e ct o f t h e e x e rc ise U n d e r th e s e .

c ircu m st an c e s t h e qu e st io n ar is e s why t h e p r im it iv e m an
,

e n d e avo rs to r e pr e s e nt t h e s e xu al ac t sy m b ol ic ally and

w ith e ffo rt o r if th is wo rd ing app e ars to b e t o o hyp o

, ,

th e t ic al why do e s h e e x e rt e ne r g y to su ch a d e gr e e o nly
,

to acco m pl ish p r act ic ally u s e l e ss th ings wh ich app ar e ntly ,

do n o t e sp e c ially am u s e h im ? I t m ay b e a ssu m e d th at
27

t h e s e xu al ac t is mo r e d e s ir abl e to p r im it iv e m an th an

such ab su rd and m or e ov e r fat igu ing e x e rc is e s I t is

, , .

h ardly poss ibl e but th at a c e rt ain co m puls io n co nduc t s t h e

e n e r gy aw ay fro m t h e o r ig in al obj e ct an d r e al purpo s e ,

in duc in g t h e product io n o f surrog at e s T h e e x ist e n c e o f

.

a ph all ic or org iast ic cult do e s no t ind ic at e e o ips o a p ar

t icul arl y l asc iv ious l ife any mor e th an t h e asc e t ic sym

b o l ism o f Chr ist ian ity m e ans an e sp e c ially mor al l if e

'

O ne ho nors th at wh ich o ne do e s no t poss e ss o r th at wh ich

o ne is n o t Th is compul sio n to sp e ak in t h e n om e ncl atur e
.
,

for m ul at e d abov e r e m ov e s a c e rt ain am ou nt o f l ib ido

,

fro m t h e r e al s e xu al act iv ity and cr e at e s a symbol ic and

,

p r act ic ally v al id sub s t itut e fo r wh at is lost Th is p sy .

c h o l o gy is co nfirm e d by t h e ab ov e m e nt io n e d W at sc h andie
-

c e r e m o ny ; dur ing t he e nt ir e c e r e m o ny no ne o f t h e m e n
m ay look at a w o m an Th is d e t ail ag ain info r m s u s
.

fro m wh e nc e t h e l ib ido is to b e d iv e rt e d B ut th is giv e s .

1 72 P SY C H OLOG Y O F THE UN C ON S C I O U S
wh e r e t h e l ib ido w as st ill p artly in t h e fu nct io n o f nutr i
t io n B y a r e gr e ss io n t o t h e p r e s e xu al m at e r ial t h e l ib ido
.

b e co m e s qu as i d e s e xu al iz e d B ut as t h e in c e st p roh ib it io n
-
.

s ignifi e s o nly a t e m p or ary and co n d it io nal r e str ict io n o f

t h e s e xu al ity thu s o n ly th at p art o f t h e l ib ido wh ich is
,

b e st d e s ign at e d as t h e inc e stuou s compo ne nt is no w

pu sh e d b ack to t h e p r e s e xu al st ag e T h e r e p r e ss io n .
,

th e r e for e co n c e r ns o nly th at p art o f t h e s e xu al l ib ido

,

wh ich w ish e s to fix its e l f p e r m ane nt ly upo n t h e p ar e nts .

Th e s e xu al l ib ido is o nly w ithdr aw n fro m t h e in c e stuou s

co m po ne nt r e p r e ss e d upo n t h e p r e s e xu al st ag e and
, ,

th e r e if t h e op e r at io n is su cc e ss ful d e s e xu al iz e d by
, , ,

wh ich th is amou nt o f l ib ido is pr e p ar e d fo r an as e xu al

appl ic at io n How e v e r it is t o b e assu m e d th at th is op e r a
.
,

t io n is accompl ish e d o nly w ith d iffi culty b e c au s e t h e ,

in c e stuou s l ib ido so to sp e ak m u st b e art ific ially s e p a

, ,

r at e d from t h e s e xu al l ib ido w ith wh ich for ag e s through , , ,

t h e whol e anim al k ingdo m it w as ind ist ingu ish ably u nit e d

, .

Th e r e gr e ss io n o f t h e in c e stuou s co m po ne n t m u st th e r e ,

for e t ak e pl ac e n o t o nly w ith gr e at diflicul t y but also

, , ,

c arry w ith it into t h e p r e s e xu al st ag e a co n s id e r abl e

s e xu al ch ar act e r T h e co n s e qu e n c e o f th is is th at t h e re
.

sul t ing p h e n o m e n a although st am p e d w ith t h e ch ar act e r

,

o f t h e s e xu al act are ne v e rth e l e ss no t r e ally s e xu al acts

, , ,

d e fa c t o ; th e y a re d e r iv e d fro m t h e p r e s e xu al st ag e and ,

a re m aint aine d by t h e r e pr e ss e d s e xu al l ib ido th e r e fo r e ,

po s s e s s a doubl e s ignific anc e Thu s t h e fire b or ing is a .

co itu s ( and to b e su r e an inc e stuous o ne ) but a de se x u

, , ,

al iz e d o ne wh ich h as lo st it s im m e d iat e s e xu al worth and

, ,

is th e r e for e in d ir e ctly u s e ful to t h e p rop ag at io n o f t h e

, ,
 TH E T R A N S FORM AT I ON OF TH E L I B I D O 1 73

sp e c ie s T h e p r e s e xu al st ag e is ch ar act e r iz e d by cou nt
.

l e ss po ss ib il it ie s o f appl ic at io n b e c au s e t h e l ib ido h as no t
,

y e t for m e d d e fi n it e lo c al iz at io n s I t th e r e fo r e app e ars .

int e ll ig ibl e th at an am ou nt o f l ib ido wh ich r e ach e s th is

st ag e through r e gr e ss io n is co n fro nt e d w ith m anifold po s
sib il it ie s o f appl ic at io n Abov e all it is m e t w ith t he
.
,

p oss ib il ity o f a pur e ly o nanist ic act iv ity B ut as t h e m at .

t e r in qu e st io n in t h e r e gr e ss iv e co m po ne nt o f l ib ido is

s e xu al l ib ido t h e ult im at e obj e ct o f wh ich is p rop ag at io n

,
.

th e r e fo r e it go e s to t he e xt e r nal obj e ct ( P ar e nts ) it w ill

also introv e rt w ith th is d e st inat io n as it s e ss e nt ial ch ar

a ct e r
. T h e r e sult th e r e fo r e is th at t h e pur e ly o nan ist ic
, ,

act iv ity tur ns out to b e in su flic ie nt and an oth e r obj e ct ,

m u st b e sought fo r wh ich t ak e s t h e pl ac e o f t h e inc e st

,

obj e ct T h e nurtu r in g m oth e r e arth r e pr e s e nts t h e id e al

.

e x ampl e o f such an obj e ct T h e p sycholo g y o f t h e p re

.

s e xu al st ag e contr ibut e s t h e nutr it io n co m po ne nt ; t h e

s e xu al l ib ido t h e co itus id e a F rom th is t h e an c ie nt sym
.

bols o f agr icultur e ar is e I n t he work o f agr icultu r e

.

hu ng e r and inc e st int e r m ingl e Th e anc ie nt cults o f .

moth e r e arth and al l t h e sup e rst it io ns fou nd e d th e r e o n

saw in t h e cult iv at io n o f t h e e arth t h e f e rt il iz at io n o f t h e

moth e r T h e aim o f t h e act io n is d e s e xu al iz e d how e v e r

.
, ,

fo r it is t h e fru it o f t h e fi e ld and t h e nour ishm e nt con

t aine d th e r e in T h e r e gr e ss io n r e sult ing from t h e inc e st
"

p roh ib it io n l e ads in th is c as e to t h e ne w v alu at io n o f t h e

, ,

mo t h e r ; th is t im e how e v e r no t as a s e xu al obj e ct but

, , ,

as a nour ish e r .

Th e d iscov e ry o f fire s e e m s to b e due to a v e ry s im il ar

r e gr e ss io n to t h e pre s e xu al st ag e m o r e p art icul arly to t h e
-
,
1 74 P S YCH OLOGY O F THE U N C ON S C I OUS
ne a e r st st ag e o f t h e d ispl ac e d rhyth m ic m anife st at io n .

T h e l ib id o introv e rt e d fro m t h e in c e st p roh ib it io n ( w ith

,

t h e m o r e d e t ail e d d e s ig n at io n o f t h e m oto r co m po ne nts

o f co itu s ) wh e n it r e ach e s t h e p r e s e xu al st ag e m e e ts
, ,

t h e r e l at e d in fant il e bor ing to wh ich it no w g iv e s I n ac

, ,

c o rd an ce w ith it s r e al ist ic d e s t in at io n an actu al m at e r ial ,

( Th r for t h m t r i l i fi tt i l c ll d m t r i
‘

e e e e a e a s n g y a e a e a ,

a s t h e obj e ct is t h e moth e r as ab ov e ) As I sought to .

show ab ov e t h e act io n o f t h e infant il e b or ing r e qu ir e s

,

o nly t h e str e ngth and p e rs e v e r anc e o f an adult m an and

su it abl e m at e r ial in o rd e r to g e ne r at e fire I f th is is .

so it m ay b e e xp e ct e d th at analogou s to ou r for e go ing

,

c as e o f o n anist ic bor ing t h e g e ne r at io n o f fire o r ig inally

o ccu rr e d as su ch an act o f qu as i o n anist ic act iv ity o b -

j e c t iv e l y e xpr e ss ed T h e de m o n.str a t io n o f th is c an n e v e r
b e a ct u ally fur nish e d but it is th ink abl e th at som e wh e r e
,

tr ac e s o f th is or ig inal o nanist ic p r e l im inary e x e rc is e o f ‘

fire produ ct io n h av e b e e n pr e s e rv e d I h av e su cc e e d e d in .

fi nd ing a p ass ag e in a v e ry old m o nu m e nt o f H ind o o

l it e r atu r e wh ich co nt ain s th is tr an s it io n o f t h e s e xu al
l ib ido through t h e o nanist ic ph as e in t h e p r e p ar at io n o f
fi re .Th is p ass ag e is f o u n d in B rih ad aranyaka U p ani -

In t ru t h , be ( At m an ) w as as l arge as a w om an and a m an ,

w h e n t he y em b race e ac h ot he r
. T h is , h is ow n se lf , he d ivid e d
int o t w o p art s, o u t o f w hic h hu sb and and w ife w e re fo rm e d .
30

W it h he r, h e l
c o pu at e d; fro m t h is hu m anit y sp rang . S he h o w
,

e v e r, p o n d e re d
H o w m ay h e u nit e w it h m e aft e r h e h as
: c re at e d
me fro m h im se l f? N ow I sh al l h id e ! The n she b ec am e a c ow ;
h e , ho w e v e r b e c ame a b u l l and m at e d w it h h e r
, . F ro m t h at

sp rang t h e ho rne d c at t l e T he n S he b e c am e a m are ;

. he , ho w eve r,
1 76 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS

m ind through auto e rot ism is so f am il iar a f act th at

e x am pl e s o f th at are sup e rfluou s ) T h e cours e o f t h e
.

l ib ido as we m ay co nclud e from th e s e stud ie s or ig inally

, ,

p ro c e e d e d in a s im il a r m anne r as in t h e ch ild only in a ,

r e v e rs e d s e qu e nc e T h e s e xu al act w as push e d out o f it s

.

p rop e r zon e and w as tr ans f e rr e d into t h e analogou s

mouth zo n e — t h e mouth r e c e iv ing t h e s ig nific anc e o f t h e
34
'

f e m al e g e nit als ; t h e h and and t h e fi ng e rs r e sp e ct iv e ly re , ,

”
c e iv ing t h e ph all ic m e aning I n th is m anne r t h e r e gr e ss
.

iv e l y r e o ccup ie d act iv ity o f t h e p r e s e xu al st ag e is inv e st e d

w ith t h e s e xu al s ignific anc e wh ich ind e e d it alr e ady
, , ,

p oss e ss e d in p art b e for e but in a wholly d iffe r e nt s e ns e

, , , .

C e rt ain funct io n s o f t he p r e s e xu al st ag e are fou nd to b e

p e rm an e ntly su it abl e and th e r e for e are r e t aine d l at e r
, , ,

o n as s e xu al funct io ns Th u s fo r e x ampl e t h e mouth

.
, ,

z o ne is r e t aine d as o f e rot ic imp ort anc e m e an ing th at it s ,

v alu at ion is p e rm an e ntly fix e d Co nc e r ning t he mouth .

,

we know th at it also h as a s e xu al m e aning amo ng an im als ,

in asmuch as for e x ampl e st all io ns b it e m ar e s in t he s e xu al

, ,

act ; also ,
c ats co cks e t c A s e co nd s ignifi c anc e o f t h e
, , .

mouth is as an instrum e nt o f sp e e ch it s e rv e s e ss e nt ially ,

in t h e p rodu ct ion o f t h e m at ing c all wh ich mostly re p re ,

s e nts t h e d e v e lop e d to ne s o f t h e anim al k ingdo m As to .

t h e h and w e k now th at it h as t h e im port ant sig nific anc e

,

o f t he co ntr e ct at io n org an ( for e x am pl e amo ng frogs ) , .

T h e fr e qu e nt e rot ic u se o f t h e h and am o ng m o nk e ys is
w e ll kn ow n I f th e r e e x ists a r e s ist an c e ag ain st t h e r e al
.

s exu al ity th e n t h e accu m ul at e d l ib ido is m o s t l ik e ly to

,

c au s e a hyp e r fu n ct io n o f thos e coll at e r als wh ich are most

ad apt e d to comp e n s at e fo r t h e r e s ist an c e th at is to say , ,
 TH E T R A N S FORM AT I ON O F TH E L I B I D O 1 77

t h e ne a er st fu nct io n s wh ich s e rv e for t h e intr o d uct io n o f

t h e ac t ; o n o ne s id e t h e fu n ct io n o f t h e h and o n t he
36
,

oth e r th at o f t h e m outh T he s e xu al ac t how e v e r ag ainst

.
, ,

wh ich t h e oppo s it io n is d ir e ct e d is r e pl ac e d by a sim il ar

act o f t h e p r e s e xu al st ag e t h e cl a ss ic c as e b e in g e it h e r
,

fing e r su ck ing o r bor ing

-
Ju st as am o ng ap e s t h e foo t
.

c an o n o cc as io ns t ak e t h e pl ac e o f t h e h and so t h e ch ild ,

is o ft e n unc e rt ain in t he cho ic e o f t h e obj e ct to suck and ,

puts t h e b ig t o e in t h e mouth inst e ad o f t h e fi ng e r Th is .

l ast mov e m e nt b e lo ngs to a H indoo r it e o nly t he b ig t o e ,

w as n o t put in t h e mouth but h e ld ag ainst t h e e ye , .

Through t he s exu al s ignific anc e o f t he h and and m outh

th e s e o rg an s wh ich in t h e p r e s e xu al st ag e s e rv e d to o h
,

t ain pl e asur e are inv e st e d w ith a p ro cr e at ing pow e r

,

wh ich is id e nt ic al w ith t h e abov e m e nt io ne d d e st inat ion -

,

wh ich aims at t h e e xt e r nal obj e c t b e c aus e it conc e r ns t h e

,

s e xu al o r cr e at ing l ib ido Wh e n through t h e actu al

.
,

pr e p ar at io n o f fire t h e s exu al ch ar act e r o f t he l ib ido e m

,

ploy e d in th at is fulfill e d th e n t h e m outh zo ne r e m ains

,

w itho ut ad e qu at e e xp r e ss io n ; only t h e h and h as no w

r e ach e d it s r e al pur e ly hum an go al in it s first art
, .

T h e mouth h as as we saw a fu rth e r import ant fun c

, ,

t io n wh ich h as j ust as mu ch s e xu al r e l at io n to t h e obj e ct

,

as t h e h and th at is to say t h e product io n o f t h e m at ing

, ,

c all I n op e ning up t h e auto e rot ic r ing ( h and mouth )

.
-
,

wh e r e t h e ph all ic h and b e c am e t h e fire p roduc ing tool -

,

t h e l ib ido wh ich w as d ir e ct e d to t h e mouth zo ne w as

obl ig e d to s e e k anoth e r p ath o f fu n ct io ning wh ich n atu ,

r ally was fou n d in t h e al re ady e x ist ing lov e c all T h e

'

e x c e ss o f l ib ido e nt e r ing h e r e m u st h av e h ad t h e u su al
1 78 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
r e sults nam e ly t h e st im ul at io n o f t h e ne wly p o ss e ss e d
, ,

funct io n ; h e nc e an e l abor at io n o f t h e m at in g c all .

W e k now th at fro m t h e p r im it iv e sou nds hu m an sp e e ch

h as d e v e lop e d Corr e spo nd ing to t h e p sycholog ic al s itu a
.

t io n it m ight b e assu m e d th at l angu ag e ow e s it s r e al

,

o r ig in to th is m o m e nt wh e n t h e im puls e r e p r e ss e d into
, ,

t h e p r e s e xu al st ag e tu r n s to t h e e xt e r n al in o rd e r to find
,

an e qu iv al e n t obj e ct th e r e Th e r e al thought as a con.

sc iou s act iv ity is as w e saw in t h e first p art o f th is book

, ,

a th ink in g w ith po s it iv e d e t e r m inat io n tow ards t h e e x

t e r nal world th at is to say a sp e e ch th ink ing

,
Th is
, .

sort o f th ink ing s e e ms to h av e or ig inat e d at th at mom e nt .

I t is v e ry r e m ark abl e th at th is v ie w wh ich w as w o n by .

t h e p ath o f r e aso ning is ag ain support e d by old tr ad it io n

,

and oth e r mytholog ic al fr agm e nts .

I n Ait are yo p anish ad ”

t h e follow ing quot at io n is to

b e fou nd in t h e do ctr ine o f t h e d e v e lop m e nt o f m an

B e ing brood e d o e r h is m outh h atch e d out l ik e as an
-
’
, ,

e gg ; from out h is m outh ( c am e ) sp e e ch fro m sp e e ch t h e , ,

fire . I n P art I I wh e r e it is d e p ict e d how t h e n e wly

,

cr e at e d obj e cts e nt e r e d m an it r e ads : F ir e sp e e ch b e , ,

co m ing e nt e r e d in t he mouth
,
Th e s e quot at io ns allow .

us to pl ainly r e cogniz e t h e int im at e co nne ctio n b e tw e e n

fire an d sp e e ch I n B rih ad aranyaka U p anish ad is to b e
.
40 -

fou nd th is pass ag e :
Y aynav al kya ,
’
t hu s he k
sp a e , w he n aft e r t h e d e at h o f t his
m an h is S p e e c h e nt e re t h t he fi re , h is b re at h int o t he w ind ,
h is e ye
’
int o t h e su n , e t c .

A furth e r quot at ion fro m t h e B rih ad aranyaka U p ani -

sh ad r e ads
1 80 P S YC H OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS

to sp e ak ; L ithu anian b alsas vo ic e to ne R e ally b he l sd , .

-

to b e br ight o r lu m inou s Co m p ar e G r e e k cp co S = .
‘

br igh t L ithu anian b al t i to b e com e wh it e M iddl e H igh

’
z
, ,

G e rm an b l asz p al e .

T h e root l é w ith t he m e aning o f

,
to m ak e sou nd to ,

”
b ark is fou nd in S anskr it l as l dsa t i to r e sou nd ; and
, ,

l as l as a t i to r ad iat e to sh ine
'

, .
,

T h e r e l at e d ro ot l e s d w ith t h e m e aning d e s ir e is
, ,

also fou n d in S an skr it l as l usa t i

'

to pl ay ; l as h l ashat i
'

, ,

to d e s ir e G r e e k Ad am o /no s lu st ful G oth ic l us t us

.
:
, ,

N e w H igh G e rm an L us t L at in l asc iv as ,
.

A furth e r r e l at e d root l as é to sh ine to r ad iat e is

’

, , ,

fou nd in l as l dsat i to r ad iat e to sh ine

, , .

Th is group u nit e s as is e v id e nt t he m e anings o f t o

, ,

d e s ir e to pl ay to r ad iat e and to sou nd

, ,
A S im il ar , .

arch aic co n flu e n c e o f m e an ings in t h e p r im al l ib ido sym

b o l ism ( as w e are p e rh ap s j ust ifi e d in c all ing it ) is found

in th at cl ass o f E gypt ian words wh ich are d e r iv e d from
t h e clo s e ly r e l at e d roots b e n and b e l and t h e r e dupl ic at io n

b e nb e n and b e l b e l T h e o r ig in al s ignific an c e o f th e s e
.

roots is to burst forth to e m e rg e to e xtrud e to w e ll , , ,

out w ith t h e assoc iat e d id e a o f bubbl ing b o il ing and

, ,

rou nd ne ss B e l b e l acco m p anie d by t he S ign o f t h e o b e

.
,

l isk o f o r ig inally ph all ic n atur e m e ans sou rc e o f l ight

, , .

T h e ob e l isk its e lf h ad b e s id e s t h e n am e s o f t e c h e nu and

m e n also t h e n am e b e nb e n m or e r ar e ly b e rb e r and ,

b e lb el T h e l ib ido sy m b ol is m m ak e s cl e ar th is conn e c
.
41

t io n it s e e ms to m e
,
.

T h e I ndo G e rm anic root v e l w ith t he m e aning

-
to ,

w av e to u ndul at e ( fire ) is fou nd in S anskr it ul anka

, ,
 TH E T R A N S FORM AT I ON O F TH E L I B I D O 1 81

bur ning G r e e k cilt é a Att ic cfl é a

, w arm t h o f t h e ,
z

su n G oth ic v ul an
, to u ndul at e O ld H igh G e r m an and
z
,

M iddl e H igh G e r m an w al m h e at glow 2

, .

T h e r e l at e d I n do G e rm anic roo t v el kd w ith t h e m e an

-

ing o f to l ight e n to glow is fou nd in S anskr it ulka

, ,
'

fir e br and G r e e k F sl xa r o s Vulc an Th is s am e root

,
‘
: .

v e l m e an s also to sou nd in S anskr it v cini to ne so ng

’
“

1
, ,

mu s ic T sch e ch v o l at i to c all
. .

T h e ro o t sv e n6
'

to sou nd to r ing is fou nd in S an , ,

skrit sv an sv dna t i
,
t o ru stl e to sou nd ; Z e nd qana ii t
z
, ,

L at in s o utire O ld I r anian se um C am br ian s ain L at in

, , ,

s o nus A n glo S axo n sv insian

,
-
to r e sou nd Th e r e l at e d z .

n o is e sou nd is fou nd in V e d ic sv dnas

'

root sv e no s 2
, ,

n o is e ,
L at in s o no r s o no rus A fu rth e r r e l at e d root is
,
.

to ne no I se ; I n O ld I r anian so n wo rd
'

sv o no s ,
2

'

Th e ro ot sv e ( n ) lo c at iv e sv e ni d at iv e sune t m e ans
'

, ,

sun ; in Z e n d qe iig sun ( Comp ar e a b ov e sv e no Z e nd

.
,

i h
‘

q a n a n t ); G oth c s u n n a s unn o H e r e G-
o e th e as p
,
re .
42

c e d e d us
Th e su n o rb sings in e mul at io n,
’
M id b ro t he r Sphe re s -
, h is anc ie nt roun d
H is p at h p re d est ine d t h ro u gh C re at io n,
”
H e e nd s w it h st e p o f t hund e r so u nd
—F
.

aust . P art I .

H e ark e n ! H ark ! t he h ou rs c are e ring !

S ou nd ing l o u d t o sp irit he aring -
,

S ee t he n ew b o rn D ay ap pe aring ! -

R oc k y po rt al s j arring Sh at t e r ,

t b u s w h ee l s in ro l l ing c l at t e r,
’

W it h a c rash t h e L igh t d raw s ne ar !

P e al ing y
ra s and t ru m p e t -
b l az es ,

Eye is b l ind e d ,
e ar am az e s ;
1 82 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I O U S
T he U nh e ard c an no o ne he ar !
Sl ip w it h in e ac h b l osso m b e ll -

D e epe r d eepe r , , t h e re t o d w e l l ,

I n t he roc k s b e ne at h t he l e af!
,

I f it st rik e s yo u yo u are d e af
—F
.
,

aust .

W e also mu st no t fo rg e t t he b e aut iful v e rs e o f H o l

de rl in
Whe re art t h o u ? D runk e n , my so ul d re am s
O f all t hy rap t u re . Yet e v e n no w I he ark en
As ful l of g o l d e n t o ne s t h e ra d iant su n y o u t h

U po n h is h e av e nl y l y re p l ay s h is e v e n so ng

t h e e c ho ing w o o d s an d h ill s
”
To .

Ju st as in arch aic sp e e ch fire and t he sp e e ch sou nds

( t h e m a t in g c all m us ic ) a pp e a r a,s for m s o f e m an at ion
o f t h e l ib ido thu s l ight and sou nd e n t e r ing t h e p sych e b e
,

co m e o ne : l ib ido .

M anil iu s e xp r e ss e s it in h is b e aut iful v e rs e s

Q u id m irum no sc e re m u nd u m
S i po ssu nt ho m ines q u ib u s est e t m u n d u s in ip sis
,

E x e m pl u m qu e de i qu isqu e e st in im ag ine p arv a ?

An q u o qu am genit o s nisi c ae l o c re d e re fas est
E sse ho m ine s ?
S t e t it u nu s in arce m

E rec t us c ap it is v ic t o rqu e ad si e ra d m it rit side reos

T h e id e a o f t he S an skr it t e yas sugg e sts t h e fu nd am e nt al

sig nifi c an c e o f t h e l ib ido for t h e co n c e pt io n o f t h e world

in g e ne r al I am ind e bt e d to D r Ab e gg in Z ur ich a
. .
, ,

W hy i it w d f l t
s d t d t h ni
on er u oif m n
un bl ? ie rs an e u v e rse , e a re a e . e .
,

m i wh
en n y b i g th
o se v er i i t d ch n ( f w h m ) i
e n e u n v e rse e x s s an ea o e o o s

i f G d i m i i t ? O i it i h t t b l i th t m n
—H
a re t t
re se n a ve o o g n n a u re r s r o e ev e a e
p
h av e sp ru n g in a ny w ay ex c e pt f ro m h e av e n e l
a o ne st a n d in t h
s e

m id st o f the cit d l
a e ,
a c n q ue
o ro r, h is h e a d e re ct and h is i i
sh n ng ey e s fi e d
x

on t h e st ars .
1 84 P SY C H OLOG Y O F TH E U N C O N S C I OU S
T he y answ e re d : T rue O K ing !
d an d sai ,
’

H e answ e re d and said : L o I see fo u r m e n l oose , , w al k ing

in t h e m id st o f t h e fi re and t he y h av e no hu rt ; and t h e
,
fo rm of

t h e fou rt h is l ik e t h e S o n o f G o d
’
.

In r e g ard to th at t h e B ibl ia p aup e rum ob s e rv e s

( a cco rd in g to an old G e rm an incun abulum o f 1 47 1 )
O ne re a s d in t he t h ir d c hap t e r o f t h e p roph e t D aniel t h at

N e b uc h adne z ar, t he K ing , c ause d t h re e m e n t o b e pl ac e d in a

gl ow ing fu rnac e and t h at t h e k ing o ft e n w e nt t h e re , l oo k e d in,

an d t h at he saw w it h t he t h re e , a fo u rt h , w ho w as l ik e t he Son
of G od . T he t h re e sig nif y fo r u s, t he H o l y T rinit y and t he
fou rt h , t he u nit y o f t he b e ing C h rist t oo
.
, ,
in H is l
e x p an at io n
”
d esig nat e d t he p e rson o f t he T rinity and t he u nit y o f t h e b e ing .

Accord ing to th is myst ic int e rpr e t at ion t h e l e g e nd o f ,

t h e thr e e m en in t h e fi e ry furn ac e app e ars as a m ag ic

fire c e r e mo ny by m e ans o f wh ich t h e S on o f G od r e v e als

h im s e l f Th e Tr inity is b rought tog e th e r w ith t h e u nity
.
,

o r in oth e r words through co itu s a ch ild is p rodu c e d

, , .

T h e glow ing fu rn ac e ( l ik e t h e glow ing tr ipo d in

F au st is a moth e r symb ol wh e r e t h e ch ildr e n are ,

”
p rodu c e d T h e fourth in t h e fi e ry fur nac e app e ars as
.

Chr ist t he S on o f G od who h as b e com e a v is ibl e G od

, ,

in t h e fire Th e myst ic tr inity and u nity are s e xu al sym

.

bols ( Comp ar e w ith th at t he m any r e f e r e nc e s in I nm an

.

A nc ie nt P ag an and M od e r n Chr ist ian S y m bol ism It .

is s aid o f t he S av iou r o f I sr ae l ( t h e M e ss iah ) and o f h is

e ne m ie s I s aiah x : 1 7
,

And t h e l igh t of I srael Sh al l b e fo r a fi re , and h is H ol y O ne

fo r a fl am e .
”

In hym n o f
a t he Syr ian E phr e m it is s aid o f Chr ist :
Thou who art all fire , h av e m e rcy upon me .
 TH E T R A N S FORM AT I ON OF TH E L I B I D O 1 85

Agni is t he
s acr ific ial fl am e t he sacrifice r, and t h e sac
,

rifi ce d as Chr ist h im s e lf u st Chr ist l ft b e h in d h is

, J a s . e

r e d e e m ing blood gpoip ua u o r dea r a o ia s in t h e st im a

,
*
,

l at ing w ine so Agni is t h e S om a t he holy dr ink o f in

, ,

”
sp ir at io n t he m e ad o f immort al ity
,
S o m a and F ir e .

are e nt ir e ly id e nt ic al in H in doo l it e r atur e s o th at in ,

S om a w e e as ily r e d is cov e r t h e l ib ido symb ol through ,

wh ich a s e r ie s o f app ar e ntly p ar adox ic al qu al it ie s o f t h e

S om a are imm e d iat e ly e xpl aine d As t h e old H indoos .

r e cogn iz e d in fire an e m an at ion o f t h e inn e r l ib ido fire ,

so to o th e y r e cogniz e d in t he intox ic at ing dr ink ( F ir e

,

w at e r S om a Agni as r ain and fire ) an e m an at io n o f

,
-
, ,

l ib ido T h e V e d ic d e fi nit io n o f S om a as s e m in al flu id
.

co nfirms th is int e rp r e t at ion T h e S om a s ignific anc e o f

? 7

fire s im il ar to t h e s ig nific anc e o f t h e body o f Chr ist in t h e

,

L ast S upp e r ( comp ar e t h e P asso v e r l am b o f t he J e ws ,

b ak e d in t h e fo rm o f a cro ss ) is e xpl aine d by t h e p sy ,

ch o l o gy o f t h e p r e s e xu al st ag e wh e r e t h e l ib ido w as st ill
,

in p art t h e fu nct io n o f nutr it io n T he S om a is t h e .

”
nour ish ing dr ink t he mytholog ic al ch ar act e r iz at ion o f
,

wh ich runs p ar all e l to fire in it s or ig in ; th e r e for e both are ,

u nit e d in Agni Th e dr ink o f imm ort al ity w as st irr e d by

.

t h e H in doo gods l ik e fire Through t h e r e tr e at o f t h e

.

l ib ido into t he p r e s e xu al st ag e it b e com e s cl e ar why so

m any gods w e r e e ith e r d e fi ne d s e xu ally o r w e r e d e vour e d .

As was shown by ou r d iscuss io n o f fi re p r e p ar at io n t h e ,

fire tool d id no t r e c e iv e it s s e xu al s ig nific an c e as a l at e r

add it ion but t h e s e xu al l ib ido w as t h e motor pow e r wh ich
,

l e d to it s d iscov e ry so th at t h e l at e r t e ach ings o f t h e

,

*
A p ot i on of i mm o rt a l ity .
1 86 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
pr ie sts w e r e noth ing bu t co nfirm at io ns o f it s actu al o r igin .

Ot h e r prI m I t I v e d is cov e r ie s p rob ably h av e acqu ir e d th e ir

s e xu al symbol ism in t h e s am e m anne r b e ing also d e r iv e d,

from t he s e xu al l ib ido .

I n t h e p r e v iou s st at e m e nts wh ich w e r e b as e d on t h e

,

P ram ant h a o f t h e Agn i s acr ific e w e h av e conc e r ne d ou r

,

s e lv e s o nly w ith o ne s ignific anc e o f t he word m ant h am i

o r m at h nam i th at is to say w ith th at wh ich e xpr e ss e s
, ,

t h e mov e m e nt o f rubb ing As K uhn shows how e v e r th is

.
, ,

word also p o ss e ss e s t h e m e aning o f t e ar ing o ff t ak ing ,

”
aw ay by v iol e nc e ,robb ing .As K uhn p o ints out th is ,

s ignific an c e is alr e ady e xt ant in t h e V e d ic t e xt Th e .

l e g e nd o f it s d is cov e ry alw ays e xp r e ss e s t h e p rodu ct ion o f

fire as a robb e ry I n th is far it b e lo ngs to t he mot iv e
.
(
w id e ly spr e ad ov e r t h e e arth o f t he tr e asu r e d iffi cult to
att ain ). T h e f act th at in m any pl ac e s and not alo ne in
I nd ia t he pr e p ar at ion o f fire is r e pr e s e nt e d as h av ing it s
o r ig in in robb e ry s e e ms to p o int to a w id e ly spr e ad
,

thought accord ing to wh ich t he p r e p ar at io n o f fire w as

,

som e th ing fo rb idd e n som e th ing u su rp e d o r cr im inal

, ,

wh ich could b e obt aine d o nly through str at ag e m o r d e e ds

o f v iol e nc e ( mostly through Wh e n o nan
ism confro nts t h e phys ic ian as a symptom it do e s so fre
qu e ntly u nd e r t he sy m b ol o f s e cr e t p ilf e r ing o r cr afty ,

impo s it ion wh ich alw ays s ig nifi e s t he c o n c e al e d ful fil

,

m e nt o f a forb idd e n w ish H istor ic ally th is tr ain o f

.
50
,

thought prob ably impl ie s th at t he r itu al p r e p ar at io n o f

fire w as e mploy e d w ith a m ag ic purpos e and th e r e fo r e , , ,

w as pursu e d by o ffi c ial r e l ig io ns ; th e n it b e c am e a r itu al

m yst e ry ,
gu a rd e d by t h e p r ie sts an d su rrou n d e d w ith
1 88 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
t he gr e at e st m agic in o ne s h ands ; o ne ne e ds o nly to
’

ph ant asy and w ith th at to m astu rb at e th e n o n e p oss e ss e s

, ,

al l t h e pl e asu r e o f t h e world and is n o lo n g e r co m p e ll e d

,

to co n qu e r t h e world o f o ne s d e s ir e s through h ard l abor

’

an d wr e stl in g w it h r e al ity Al add in rubs his l am p and

53
.

t h e ob e d ie nt g e nI I st and at h is b idd ing ; thus t h e f airy t al e

e xp r e ss e s t h e gr e at p sycholog ic a dv ant ag e o f t h e e asy re

g r e ssio n to t h e loc al s e xu al s at is f a ct io n Al a dd in .s sym ’

bol subtly co nfi rm s t h e amb igu ity o f t h e m ag ic fire

pr e p ar at io n .

T h e clos e r e l at io n o f t h e g e ne r at io n o f fi re to t h e on an
ist ic act is illustr at e d by a c as e t h e k nowl e dg e o f wh ich I
,

o we to D r S ch m id in C e ry th at o f an imb e c il e p e as ant
.
, ,

you t h who se t m any inc e nd iary fir e s At o ne o f th e s e

-

c o n fl ag rat io ns h e dr e w su sp ic io n to h im s e lf by h is b e

h av io r H e sto od w ith his h ands in h is trous e r p ock e ts

.

in t h e doo r o f an oppos it e hou s e an d g az e d w ith app ar e nt

d e l ight at t h e fire U n d e r e x am inat io n in t h e ins ane
.

a sylu m h e d e scr ib e d t h e fire in gr e at d e t ail an d m ad e

, ,

susp ic iou s m ov e m e nts in h is trous e r p ock e t s w ith h is

,

h ands T h e phys ic al e x am inat io n u nd e rt ak e n at o nc e

.

show e d th at h e h ad m asturb at e d L at e r h e co n f e ss e d
.

t h at h e h ad m asturb at e d at t h e t im e wh e n h e h ad e nj oy e d

t h e fire wh ich h e h ad e nk indl e d h im s e l f .

T h e pr e p ar at io n o f fi re in its e l f is a p e r fe ctly o rd in ary

u s e ful cu sto m e m ploy e d e v e rywh e r e fo r m any c e nt u r ie s
, ,

wh ich in its e l f involv e d no th ing m or e m y st e r iou s th an

e at ing an d dr ink ing H ow e v e r t h e r e w as alw ays a t e n d
.
,

e n cy fro m t im e t o t im e to p r e p a r e fire in a c e r e m o nio u s

an d m yst e r ious m an ne r ( e x actly as w ith r itu al e at ing and

 TH E T R A N S FORM AT I ON OF TH E L I B I D O 1 89

dr ink ing ) wh ich was to b e c arr ie d out in an e x actly p re

,

scr ib e d w ay and from wh ich n o o ne d ar e d d iffe r Th is .

m yst e r iou s t e nd e n cy assoc iat e d w ith t h e t e ch niqu e is t h e

s e co nd p ath in t h e o nanist ic r e gr e ss io n alw ays p r e s e nt
,

by t h e s id e o f cultu r e Th e str ict rul e s appl ie d to it

.
,

t h e z e al o f t h e c e r e mo nial p r e p ar at io n s and t h e r e l ig ious

awe o f t h e myst e r ie s n e xt or ig inat e fro m th is sourc e ;

t h e c e r e mo nial although app ar e ntly irr at io nal is an e x

, ,

t re m e ly ing e n I o u s I n st I t u t I o n from t h e p sycholog ic st and

po int fo r it r e pr e s e nts a sub st itut e fo r t h e p o ss ib il ity o f

,

o nanist ic r e gr e ss io n accu r at e ly c ircumscr ib e d by l aw .

T h e l aw c ann ot apply to t h e co nt e nt o f t he c e r e m o ny fo r ,

it is r e ally qu it e ind iffe r e nt fo r t h e r itu al act wh e th e r it

,

is c arr ie d out in th is w ay or in th at w ay . O n t he co n
t rary it is v e ry e s s e nt ial wh e th e r t h e r e str aine d l ib ido is
,

d isch arg e d through a st e r il e o nanism o r tr anspo s e d into

t h e p ath o f subl im at io n . Th e s e s e v e r e m e asu r e s o f p ro
t e c t io n apply pr im ar ily to o nanism .

I am ind e bt e d to F r e ud fo r a fu rth e r import ant r e f e r

e n c e to t h e o n anist ic n atur e o f t h e fire th e f t ,
o r r at h e r

t h e mot iv e o f t h e t re asur e d ifiic ul t o f a t t ainm e nt ( to

wh ich fire th e ft b e lo ngs ) M ythology co nt ains r e p e at e d

.

for m ul as wh ich r e ad app rox im at e ly as follows : T h e

tr e asu r e must b e plu ck e d o r tor n o ff fro m a t aboo tr e e
P r d is tr H sp e r id e s ) th is is a fo rb idd e n and d an
( a a e e e
, e

g e ro ns act Th e cl e ar e st e x am pl e o f th is is t h e old b ar
.

b ar ic custom in t h e s e rv ic e o f D iana o f Aricia : o nly h e

can b e com e a pr ie st O f t h e godd e ss who ,
in h e r s acr e d
grov e d a r e s to t e ar o ff
,
ab z u re issen a b o ugh T he
.

t e ar ing o ff h as b e e n r e t aine d in vulg ar sp e e ch ( bes id e s

1 99 P SY CH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
br e ib e n rubb ing ) as a sym bol o f t h e act o f o nanism
a , .

Thu s r e ib e n t o rub is l ik e r e iss e n t o br e ak O ff

, , , ,

b o t h o f wh ich are co nt ain e d in m ant h am i and u nit e d

app a r e ntly o nly through t h e m yth o f t h e fi re th e ft bou n d

up in t h e act o f o nanism in a d e e p e r str atum wh e r e in

r e ib e n prop e rly sp e ak ing r e iss e n is e m ploy e d but
, , , ,

in a tr an s f err e d s e ns e
. Th e r e for e it m ight p e rh ap s b e
,

ant ic ip at e d th at in t h e d e e p e st str atu m , n am e ly t h e in

,

c e st u o u s wh ich p r e c e d e s t h e auto e rot ic st ag e t h e two

55
, ,

m e anings co in c id e wh ich through l ack o f m ytholog ic al

, ,

tr ad it io n c an p e rh ap s b e tr ac e d through e ty m olo gy o nly

, .
1 92 P SY CH OLOGY O F THE U N C ON S C I OUS
al t ho u gh I w as v ery t ire d . T he re w as no l igh t in t h e ro om . I
l
c o se d my e yes ,
and t he n I h ad t he fe e l ing t h at so m e t h ing w as
ab out to h app e n . T he se nsat io n of a g e ne ral l
re ax at io n c am e

ov e r m e, and I re m aine d as p assiv e as p o ssi ble L ine s ap p e are d

—
.

b e fo re my e y es, p k
s ar s an d sh in ing sp iral s fo ll ow e d by a kal e ido
sco p ic re v iew o f re c e n t t riv ial o c c u rre nce s .

T he r e ad e r w ill r e gr e t w ith m e th at we c an not know

t h e r e aso n fo r h e r c ar e s an d anx ie t ie s I t would h av e .

b e e n o f gr e at import an c e fo r wh at follows to h av e info r

m at io n o n th is po int Th is g ap in ou r knowl e dg e is t h e
.

m o r e to b e d e plor e d b e c au s e b e tw e e n t h e first po e m in ,

1 8 9 8 an d t h e t im e o f t h e ph an t asy h e r e d is cu ss e d

fou r whol e y e ars h av e p ass e d All in for m at io n is l ack ing .

r e g ard ing th is p e r iod dur ing wh ich t h e gr e at p robl e m

,

su r e ly su rv iv e d in t h e u n co n s c ious P e rh ap s th is l ack h as .

it s adv ant ag e s in t h at ou r int e r e st is no t d iv e rt e d from

t h e u niv e rs al appl ic ab il ity o f t h e ph ant asy h e r e p rodu c e d

by sy m p athy in r e g ard to t h e p e rso n al f at e o f t h e autho r .

Th e r e fo r e so m e th ing is obv iat e d wh ich o ft e n p r e v e nts

,

t h e an alyst in h is d aily t ask fro m look ing aw ay from t h e

t e d io u s to il o f d e t ail to th at w id e r r e l at io n wh ich r e v e als

e ach ne urot ic confl ict to b e involv e d w ith hum an f at e as a

wh o l e .

T h e cond it io n d e p ict e d by t h e autho r h e r e corr e spo nd s

t o su ch a o ne as u su ally p r e c e d e s an int e nt io n al so m n am

b ul ism o ft e n d e s cr ib e d by sp ir itu al ist ic m e d iums A c e r

2
.

t ain in cl in at io n t o l ist e n to th e se low no ctur nal vo ic e s

m u st b e assu m e d ; oth e rw is e su ch fine an d h ardly p e r
ce pt ib l e inn e r e xp e r ie n c e s p ass u nnot ic e d W e r e cogniz e .

in th is l ist e ning a cu rr e nt o f t h e l ibi do l e ad ing inw ard

 THE UN C ON S C I OUS OR I G I N O F THE H ERO 1 93

and b e g inning to fl ow tow ards a st ill inv isibl e myst e r ious ,

go al I t s e e m s th at t he l ib ido h as sudd e nly d is cov e r e d an

.

obj e ct in t h e d e p t hs o f t h e u n co n sc iou s wh ich p o w e r fully

attr a cts it T h e l if e o f m an tu r ne d wholly to t h e e xt e r n al
.
,

by n atur e do e s no t ord in ar ily p e r m it su ch introv e rs io n ;

,

th e r e m u st th e r e for e b e sur m is e d a c e rt ain e x ce pt I o nal

, ,

co nd it io n th at is to say a l ack o f e xt e r nal obj e cts wh ich

, , ,

co m p e ls t h e ind iv idu al to s e e k a subst it ut e fo r th e m in his

o wn soul I t is how e v e r d ifli cul t to im ag ine th at th is
.
, ,

r ich world h as b e co m e to o p oo r to o ffe r an obj e ct fo r

t h e lov e o f hu m an ato m s ; n o r c an t h e world an d it s

obj e cts b e h e ld accou nt abl e fo r t h is l ack I t o ffe rs bou nd .

l e s s opportu nit ie s for e v e ry o ne I t is r ath e r t h e inc a

.

p a c it y to l o v e w h ic h f
ro b s m ankind o h is p o ssib ilit ie s .

Th is world is e m pty to h im alo ne who do e s no t u nd e r

st and how to d ir e ct h is l ib ido tow ards o bj e cts and to ,

r e nd e r th e m al iv e and b e aut iful fo r h ims e lf for B e auty ,

do e s n o t ind e e d lie in th ings but in t h e f e e l ing th at w e

,

g iv e to th e m Th at wh ich comp e ls u s to cr e at e a sub

.

st it ut e fo r ou rs e lv e s is no t t h e e xt e r n al l a ck o f obj e cts ,

but ou r inc ap ac ity to lov ingly includ e a th ing outs id e o f

ours e lv e s C e rt ainly t h e d iffi cult ie s o f t h e co nd it io ns o f
.

l if e and t h e adv e rs it ie s o f t h e s t ruggl e fo r e x ist e nc e m ay

opp r e ss u s ye t e v en adv e rs e e xt e r nal situ at io ns would no t
,

h ind e r t h e g iv ing out o f t h e l ib id o ; o n t h e co ntr ary t h e y ,

m ay spu r u s o n to t h e gr e at e st e x e rt io n s wh e r e by w e ,

br ing ou r whol e l ib ido into r e al ity R e al d iffi cult ie s alo ne.

w ill ne v e r b e abl e to forc e t h e l ib ido b ack p e rm ane ntly

to such a d e gr e e as to g iv e r is e fo r e x am pl e to a ne u , ,

ro s is T he c o nfl ic t w h ic h is t h e c o ndit io n o f e v e ry ne u
.
,
1 94 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OU S
ros s i ,
is l ac king . T he
r e s ist an c e wh ich o ppos e s it s un
,

w ill ingne s s to t h e w ill al o ne h as t h e pow e r to p roduc e

,

th at p athog e nic introv e rs io n wh ich is t he st art ing p o int o f

e v e ry psychog e n ic d isturb an c e Th e r e s ist an c e ag ainst
.

lov ing pr o du c e s t h e inab il ity to lov e Ju st as t he nor m al .

l ib id o is co m p ar abl e to a st e ady str e am wh ich pou rs it s

wat e rs bro adly into t h e w o rld o f r e al ity so t h e r e s ist anc e , ,

dy n am ic ally co ns id e r e d is co m p ar abl e no t so m u ch to a
, ,

ro ck r e ar ing up in t h e r iv er b e d wh ich is fl ood e d ov e r

o r surrou n d e d by t h e str e am as to a b ackw ard fl o w ,

tow ards t he sou rc e A p art o f t h e soul d e s ir e s t h e out e r

.

obj e ct ; anoth e r p art how e v e r h arks b ack to t h e sub

, ,

j e c t iv e world wh e r e the
, a iry an d fr a g il e p al a c e s o f
ph ant asy b e cko n O ne c an assu m e t h e du al is m o f t h e
.

hum an w ill fo r wh ich B l e ul e r fro m t h e p sych iatr ic p o int

,

o f v ie w h as co in e d t he word
,
am b it e nd e n cy as som e

th ing g e ne r ally pr e s e nt b e ar ing in m ind th at e v e n

,

t h e mo st p r im it iv e m otor im puls e is in oppos it io n ; as ,

fo r e x ampl e in t h e act o f e xt e n s io n t he fl e x o r m u scl e s

, ,

also b e com e inne rv at e d Th is n or m al am b it e nd e ncy

.
,

h o w e v e r ne v e r l e ads to an inh ib it io n or pr e v e nt io n o f t h e
,

int e n d e d act but is t h e ind isp e n s abl e pr e l im inary r e qu ir e

,

m e nt fo r it s p e r fe ct io n and co o rd in at io n F or a r e s ist .

an c e d isturb ing t o th is ac t to a r is e fro m th is h armo ny o f

fi ne ly attu ne d o ppo s it io n an ab nor m al plu s o r m inus

w o uld b e ne e d e d o n o ne or t h e oth e r S id e Th e r e s is t
"

an c e o r ig inat e s fro m t h is add e d th ird Th is appl ie s als o.

4

t o t h e du al it y o f t h e w ill fr o m wh ich so m any d iflicul t ie s

,

ar is e fo r m ank in d T h e ab n o r m al th ird fr e e s t h e p air

.

o f oppos it e s wh ich are n or m ally m ost int im at e ly u nit e d

, ,
 1 96 P S YCH OLO G Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS

Th is d ang e rous p as sio n b e l o ng ing abov e all oth e rs to

,

p r im it iv e m an app e ar s u nd e r t h e h az ardou s m ask o f t he

,

inc e st sy m bol fro m wh ich t h e in c e st fe ar must dr iv e us

,

.
aw ay an d wh ich m ust b e co n qu e r e d
, in t h e fir st pl ac e , ,

”
u nd e r t h e im ag e o f t h e t e rr ibl e m oth e r I t is t h e .
7

moth e r o f innu m e r abl e e v il s n o t t h e l e ast o f wh ich are

,

n e u rot ic troubl e s F or e sp e c ially fro m t h e fogs o f t h e

.
,

a rr e st e d r e m n ant s o f t h e l ib ido ar is e t h e h a rm ful ph an,

t asm ag o ria wh ich so v e il r e al ity th at ad apt at io n b e com e s

almost im p oss ibl e H ow e v e r w e w ill no t inv e st ig at e any

.
,

furth e r in th is pl ac e t h e fou nd at io n s o f t h e in c e st ph an
t asie s T h e pr e l im inary sugg e st io n o f m y pur e ly p sycho
.

logic co n c e pt io n o f t h e in c e st p robl e m m ay su ffi c e W e .

are h e r e o nly co n c e r n e d w ith t h e qu e st io n wh e th e r re sis t

a nc e wh ich l e ads to introv e rs io n in ou r autho r s ignifi e s

a co nsc ious e xt e r n al d ifli cul t y o r no t I f it w e r e an e x .

t e r nal diflicul t y th e n ind e e d t h e l ib ido would b e v iol e ntly

, , ,

d amm e d b ack and would p rodu c e a fl ood o f ph ant as ie s

, ,

wh ich c an b e st b e d e s ig nat e d as sch e m e s th at is to say , ,

pl ans as to how t h e obst acl e s could b e ov e rco m e Th e y .

w o uld b e v e ry co ncr e t e id e as o f r e al ity wh ich s e e k to p av e

t h e w ay for solut io n s I t would b e a str e nuou s m e d it a
.

t io n ind e e d wh ich would b e m or e l ik e ly to l e ad to any

, ,

th ing r ath e r th an to a hyp nagog ic p o e m T h e p ass iv e .

co nd it io n d e p ict e d abov e in no w ay fits in w ith a r e al e x

t e r n al ob st acl e but p r e c is e ly through it s p ass iv e sub m is
, ,

s io n it ind ic at e s a t e nd e n cy wh ich d o ubtl e ss scor n s r e al

,

solut io ns and pr e fe rs ph ant ast ic sub st itut e s U lt im at e ly .

an d e ss e nt ially w e are th e r e fo r e d e al ing w it h an int e r n al

, ,

co nfl ict p e rh ap s a ft e r t h e m anne r o f th o s e e arl ie r c o n

,
 TH E UN C ON S C I OUS OR I G I N OF T H E H ERO 1 97

flict s wh ich l e d to t h e two first u nco n s c iou s cr e at io n s .

W e th e r e fo r e are forc e d to co n clud e t h at t h e e xt e r n al

, ,

obj e ct c annot b e l o v e d b e c au s e a pr e do m in ant am ou nt

,

o f l ib ido p r e f e rs a ph ant as t ic obj e c t wh ich m u st b e ,

bro ught up fro m t h e d e pth s o f t h e u n co n s c iou s as a c o m

e nsat io n fo r t h e m is sin g r e al ity
p .

T h e v is io nary ph e n om e n a p roduc e d in t h e fi rst st ag e s

,

o f introv e rs io n are group e d am o n g t h e w e ll k now n p h e

,
-

no m e n a
8
o f hyp nag o g ic v is io n Th e y fo r m as I e x
.
,

pl aine d in an e arl ie r p ap e r t h e fou n d at io n o f t h e tru e

,

v is io n s o f t h e sy m b o l ic aut o re v e l at io ns o f t h e l ib ido as ,

w e m ay no w e xp r e s s it .

M is s M ill e r co nt inu e s

Then I h ad t he im p ressio n t h at so m e c o mm unic at io n w as

im m e d iat e l y im p e nd ing .I t se e m e d t o m e as if t h e re w e re re
e c ho e d in m e t h e w o rd s S pe ak O Lo rd fo r T hy se rv ant l ist e ns ;
, , ,

O p e n T ho u m ine e ars !

Th is p ass ag e v e ry cl e arly d e scr ib e s t h e int e nt ion ; t he

e xp r e ss io n com m u nic at io n is e v e n a cu rr e nt t e rm in
sp ir itu al ist ic c ircl e s T h e B ibl ic al wo rds co nt ain a cl e ar
.

invo c at io n o r p r ay e r th at is to say a w ish ( l ib ido )

, ,

d ir e ct e d tow ards d iv inity ( t h e u nco n s c iou s co m pl e x ) .

T h e p r ay e r r e f e rs to S am u e l i z 3 wh e r e S am u e l at n ight
, ,

w as thr e e t im e s c all e d by G od but b e l ie v e d th at it w as E li

,

c all ing u nt il t h e l att e r in for m e d h im th at it w as G o d

,

h im s e l f wh o spok e and t h at h e m u st answ e r if his n am e

,

w as c all e d ag ain S p e ak O L o rd fo r Thy S e rv ant

, ,

h e ars ! Th e dr e am e r u s e s th e s e word s r e ally in an in

v e rs e s e ns e n am e ly in o rd e r to produ c e G od w it h t h e m
, , .
1 98 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
W ith th at sh e d ir e cts h e r d e s ir e s h e r l ib ido into t h e
, ,

d e pths o f h e r u nco ns c iou s .

W e know th at although ind iv idu als are w id e ly s e p a

,

r at e d by t he d iffe r e nc e s in t h e co nt e nts o f th e ir co ns c ious

n e ss , th e y are clo s e ly al ik e in th e ir u n co n scio us p sy
c h o l o gy I t is a s ignifi c ant im p r e ss io n fo r o n e w o rk ing in
.

p r act ic al p sycho an alys is wh e n h e r e al iz e s h o w u nifor m

are t h e typ ic al u n co n sc iou s co m pl e x e s D iffe r e n c e first
.

a r is e s fro m in d ividu al iz at io n Th is f act g iv e s to an e s

.

se nt ial port io n o f t h e S ch o p e nh au e r and H art m ann

ph il o soph ie s a d e e p p sych o l o g ic j ust ific at io n T h e v e ry ?

e v id e n t u nifo r m ity o f t h e un c o n sc 1 0 u s m e ch anis m s e rv e s

as a p sych o log ic fou n d at io n fo r th e se p h il o sop h ic v ie w s .

Th e u n co n sc iou s c o nt ain s t h e d iffe r e nt iat e d r e m n ants o f

t h e e arl ie r p sychol o g ic fu n c t io n s ov e rc o m e by t h e in d i

v idu al d iffe r e nt iat io n Th e r e act io n and p roducts o f t h e

.

anim al p sych e are o f a g e n e r ally d if fus e d u nifor m ity and

sol id it y wh ich am o ng m e n m ay b e d isc o v e r e d app ar
, , ,

e ntly o n ly in tr a c e s M an app e ar s as so m e th ing e x t rao rdi

.

n arily in d iv idu al in co nt r ast w it h anim als .

Th is m ight b e a tr e m e n d o u s d e lu sio n b e c aus e w e h av e

,

t h e app r o p r iat e t e nd e n cy alw ays to r e cogniz e o nly t h e

d iffe r e nc e o f th ing s Th is is d e m and e d by t h e p sycho

.

l o g ic ad apt at io n wh ich w ith o ut t he m o st m inut e d iffe r

,

e nt iat io n o f t h e im pr e s s io n s would b e ab solut e ly im p o s

,

sibl e I n opp o sit io n to t h is t e nd e n cy w e h av e e v e r t h e

.

gr e at e st diflicul t y in r e c o gn iz ing in th e ir co m m o n r e l a
t io n s t h e th ings w it h wh ich w e a re o ccup ie d in e v e ry

d ay l if e Th is r e cognit io n b e c o m e s m uch e as ie r w ith

.

th ings wh ich are m or e r e m o t e fr o m us F o r e x ampl e it

.
,
2 00 P S YCH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OU S
st andpo int how e v e r g iv e s to t h e hu m an b e ing an ind i
, ,

v idu al t e n d e n cy s e p ar at ing h im fro m t h e m ass wh ich in , ,

t h e cours e o f c e nt u r ie s l e d to t h e d e v e l o p m e nt o f p e r
,

so n alit y ,
h and in h an d w ith wh ich d e v e lop e d t h e h e ro
cult and h as l e d to t h e m od e r n ind iv idu al ist ic cult o f
,

p e rso nag e s T h e att e m pts o f r at io n al ist ic t h e olo g y to

.

k e e p hold o f t h e pe rso n al J e sus a s t h e l ast and m ost

p r e c iou s r e m nant o f t h e d iv inity wh ich h as v anish e d b e
yo n d t h e p ow e r o f t h e im ag inat io n corr e spo nds t o th is
t e nd e ncy I n th is r e sp e ct t h e R om an C athol ic Chu rch
.

w as mor e p r act ic al b e c au s e sh e m e t t h e g e ne r al n e e d o f
,

t h e v is ibl e o r at l e ast h istor ic ally b e l ie v e d h e ro through

, ,

t h e f a ct th at sh e pl ac e d upo n t h e thron e o f wo rsh ip a

s m all b ut cl e arly p e rc e pt ibl e god o f t h e world n am e ly , ,

t h e R o m an P op e t h e P at e r p at ru m and at t h e s am e t im e
, ,

t h e P o nt if e x M ax im u s o f t h e inv is ibl e upp e r o r inne r G od .

Th e s e nsuou s d e m o n str ab il it y o f G o d n atur ally suppo rts

t h e r e l ig iou s proc e s s o f introv e rs io n b e c au s e t h e hu m an
,
’

fi gur e e ss e nt ially fac il it at e s t h e tr an s f e r e nc e fo r it is no t,

e asy to im ag ine so m e th in g lov abl e o r v e ne r abl e in a sp ir

it u al b e ing Th is t e n d e n cy e v e rywh e r e pr e s e nt h as b e e n
.
, ,

s e cr e tly p r e s e rv e d in t h e r at io n al is t ic th e olo g y w ith it s

J e su s h istor ic ally insist e d upo n Th is do e s no t m e an th at
.

m e n l o v e d t h e v is ibl e G od ; t h e y l o v e h im n o t as h e is , ,

fo r h e is m e r e ly a m an and wh e n t h e p iou s w ish e d to

,

lov e hu m anit y th e y c o uld g o t o th e ir n e ighbors and th e ir

e ne m ie s to lov e t h e m M ank ind w ish e s to lov e in G od
.

o nly th e ir id e as th at is to say t h e id e as wh ich t h e y p ro

, ,

e y w ish t o lov e th e ir u n co n s
j e c t into G od B y t h
. at th c ious ,

th at is th at r e m nant o f an c ie nt hum anity and t he ce n

,
 TH E U NCO N S CI O US O RIGI N O F T H E H ERO 20 1
’

t u rie s -
old p ast in all p e opl e nam e ly t h e commo n prop e rty
, ,

l e ft b e h ind fr o m all d e v e l o p m e nt wh ich is g iv e n t o all

m e n l ik e t h e su n sh ine and t h e air
, B ut in lov ing th is.

inh e r it an c e th e y lov e th at wh ich is co m m o n to all Thu s .

th e y tu r n b ack to t h e m oth e r o f hu m anity th at is to say , ,

to t h e sp ir it o f t he r ac e and r e g ain in th is w ay so m e
,

th ing o f th at co nne ct io n and o f th at myst e r iou s and irr e

sist ib l e pow e r wh ich is im p art e d by t h e fe e l ing o f b e l o ng

ing to t h e h e rd I t is t h e p robl e m o f A nt ae u s who

.
,

p r e s e rv e s h is g ig ant ic str e ngth o nly through co nt act w ith

’
moth e r e arth Th is t e m por ary w ithdr aw al into o ne s s e l f
. ,

wh ich as w e h av e alr e ady s e e n s ignifi e s a r e gr e ss io n to

, ,

t he ch ild ish bo nd to t h e p ar e n t s e e ms to a ct f avor ably

, ,

w ith in c e rt ain l im its in it s e ffe ct upo n t h e p sycholog ic

,

co nd it io n o f t h e ind iv idu al I t is in g e n e r al to b e e x
.

p e c t e d th at t h e two fu nd am e nt al m e ch anisms o f t h e p sy

chos e s tr ans f e r e n c e and introv e rs io n are to a w id e

, ,

e xt e n t e xtr e m e ly approp r iat e m e thods o f n o r m al r e act ion

ag ain st co m pl e x e s ; tr ans f e r e n c e as a m e ans o f e s c ap ing

from t h e co m pl e x into r e al ity ; introv e rsio n as a m e ans o f

’
d e t ach ing o ne s s e l f fro m r e al ity through t h e co m pl e x .

A ft e r w e h av e in for m e d ou rs e lv e s about t he g e n e r al
purpos e s o f pr ay e r w e are p r e p ar e d to h e ar mor e about
,

t h e v is io n o f ou r dr e am e r A ft e r t he p r ay e r t he h e ad
.
,

o f a sph inx w ith an E ypt ian h e addr e ss pp a r e d o nly

g a e ,

to v anish qu ickly H e r e t h e author w as d istu rb e d so

.
,

th at fo r a m om e n t she awok e Th is v is io n r e c alls t h e

.

p r e v iously m e nt io ne d ph ant asy o f t h e E gypt ian st atu e ,

whos e r ig id g e stur e is e nt ir e ly in pl ac e h e r e as a ph e
no m e no n o f t h e so c all e d fu n ct io nal c at e gory
-
Th e l ight .
20 2 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
st ag e s o f th e hyp n o s is are d e s ignat e d t e ch nic ally as
E ngou rd iss e m e nt ( st iffe n in g ) T h
. e word S ph inx in

t h e whol e c iv il iz e d w o rld s ig nifi e s t h e s am e as r iddl e : a

pu zzl in g cr e atur e who p r o po s e s r iddl e s l ik e t h e S ph inx,

o f O e d ipu s s t and ing at t h e port al o f his f at e l ik e a

,

sy m b o l ic p rocl am at io n o f t h e ine v it abl e T h e S ph inx is .

—
a s e m i t h e r io m orph ic r e pr e s e nt at io n o f th at m oth e r
im ag e wh ich m ay b e d e s ign at e d as t h e t e rr ibl e
moth e r o f who m m any t r ac e s are fou nd in m ythol o gy
,
.

Th is int e rp r e t at io n is co rr e ct fo r O e d ipus H e r e t h e .

qu e st io n is op e ne d T h e obj e ct io n w ill b e r ais e d th at

.

noth ing e xc e pt t h e word S ph inx j u st ifi e s t h e allu s io n

to t h e S ph inx o f O e d ipu s O n acc o u nt o f t he l ack Of
.

subj e ct iv e m at e r ials wh ich in t h e M ill e r t e xt are wholly

,

l ack ing in r e g ard to th is v is io n an ind iv idu al int e r

“

p r e t at io n would also b e e xclud e d T h e

. sugg e st io n

o f an E gypt ian ph ant asy ( P ar t I Ch apt e r I I ) is ,

e nt ir e ly in su f fi c ie nt to b e e m ploy e d h e r e Th e r e for e we
.

are co m p e ll e d if w e w ish to v e ntur e at al l upo n an

,

i i i i
u n d e rst d g o f th s v s o to d ir e ct ours e lv e s p e rh aps
a n n n ,
—
—
in all too d ar ing a m a n e r to t h e av ail abl e e th nogr aph ic
n

m at e r ial u nd e r t h e assu m pt io n t h at t h e u n co nsc ious o f t h e

p r e s e nt d ay m an co in s it s sym bols as w as do ne in t he m ost
-

r e mot e p ast T h e S ph inx in it s t r ad it io nal form is a h al f

.
, ,

hu m an h al f anim al cr e atur e wh ich w e m u st in p art

,
-
, , ,

int e rpr e t in t h e w ay t h at is appl ic abl e to su ch ph ant ast ic

p roducts T he r e ad e r is d ir e c t e d to t h e d e duct io n s in
.

t h e fi rst p art o f th is volu m e wh e r e t h e th e r io m orph ic re p

re se nt at io n s o f t h e l ib ido w e r e d is cu ss e d Th is m anne r .

o f r e p r e s e nt at io n is v e ry f am il iar t o t h e analyst through ,

20 4 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
co ns id e r e d is actu ally a fe ar anim al wh ich r e v e als dis
, ,

t inct tr aits o f a moth e r d e r iv at e I n t h e O e d ipus l e g e nd

.

t h e S ph inx is s e nt by H e r a who h at e s Th e b e s o n accou nt

,

o f t h e b irth o f B a cchu s ; b e c au s e O e d ipu s co n qu e rs t h e

S ph inx wh ich is n oth ing but f e ar o f t h e m oth e r h e m u st

, ,

m arry Jo c ast a h is m oth e r fo r t h e thro ne and t h e h and

, ,

o f t h e w idow e d qu e e n o f T h e b e s b e lo ng e d to him who

fr e e d t h e l an d fro m t h e pl agu e o f t h e S ph inx T he .

g e ne alogy o f t h e S ph inx is r ich in allu sio ns to t h e p robl e m

touch e d upo n h e r e S h e 1 8 a d aught e r o f E ch nid a a m ix e d
.
,

b e in g ; a b e aut iful m aid e n abov e a h id e ou s s e rp e nt b e low

, .

Th is doubl e cr e atur e corr e sp o nds to t h e p ictur e o f t h e

m oth e r ; abov e t h e hu m an lov e ly and at tr act iv e h al f;
, ,

b e low t h e horr ibl e anim al h al f c o nv e rt e d into a fe ar

, ,

anim al through t h e in c e st p roh ib it io n E ch nid a is de .

r iv e d fro m t h e All m oth e r t h e m oth e r E arth G ae a who

-

, , , ,

w ith T art aro s t h e p e rs o nifi e d u nd e rwo rld ( t h e pl ac e o f

,

ho rrors ) brought h e r fo r t h E ch nid a h e rs e l f is t h e

, .

m oth e r o f al l t e rr o rs o f t h e Ch im ae r a S cyll a G orgo o f

, , , ,

t h e horr ibl e C e rb e ru s o f t h e N e m e an L io n an d o f t h e
, ,

e agl e who d e v o u r e d t h e l iv e r o f P ro m e th e us ; b e s id e s th is

sh e g av e b irth to a nu m b e r o f dr ago n s O n e o f h e r so n s .

is O r t hrus t h e dog o f t h e m o n strou s G e ryo n who w as

, ,

k ill e d by H e rcul e s W it h t h is dog h e r so n E ch nid a in

.
, , ,

in c e stuous int e rc o u rs e pr o duc e d t h e S ph inx

,
Th e s e m a .

t e rial s w ill su fli ce t o ch a r a ct e r iz e th at am ou nt o f l ib ido

wh ich l e d to t h e S ph inx sym bol I f in sp it e o f t h e l ack

.
,

o f subj e ct iv e m at e r ial w e m ay v e ntur e t o dr aw an in f e r

,

e n c e fro m t h e S ph inx sy m b ol o f ou r au t ho r w e must say ,

th at t he S ph inx r e p r e s e nts an o r igin al inc e stuou s amou nt

 TH E UN C ON S C I OUS OR I G I N OF TH E H ERO 20 5

of l ib ido d e t ach e d fr o m t h e bo nd to t h e moth e r P e r .

h aps it is b e tt e r to postpo ne t h is co n clus io n u nt il w e h av e

-

e x am ine d t h e foll o w ing v isio n s .

A ft e r M is s M ill e r h ad co n c e ntr at e d h e rs e l f ag ain t h e ,

v is io n d e v e lop e d fu rth e r :

S udd enl yAz t ec app e are d ab so l u t el y c l e ar in eve ry d e t ail ;

an ,

t he hand s sp re ad o pe n w it h l arg e fi ng e rs t h e h e ad in p ro fi l e
, , ,

arm o re d he add ress sim il ar t o t he fe at he r o rn am e n t s o f t he A m e r

,

ic an I nd ian T he w hol e w as so m ew h at su g ge st iv e o f M e x ic an
.

”
sc u lp t u re .

T he c ie nt E gypt ian ch ar act e r o f t h e S ph inx is re

an

i —
pl ac e d h e r e by A m e r ic an ant iqu ty b y t h e Azt e c T h e .

e ss e nt ial id e a is ne ith e r E g ypt n o r M e x ico fo r t h e two ,

could no t b e int e rch ang e d ; but it is t he subj e ct iv e f acto r

wh ich t h e dr e am e r p rodu c e s fro m h e r o wn p ast I h av e .

fr e qu e ntly ob s e rv e d in t h e an aly sis o f A m e r ic an s th at

c e rt ain u nco nsc iou s co m pl e x e s i e r e p r e ss e d s e xu al it y
, . .
,

a re r e p r e s e nt e d by t h e sy m bol o f a N e gro o r an I n d ian ;

fo r e x am pl e wh e n a E u rop e an t e ll s in h is dr e am
, Th e n ,

”
c am e a r agg e d d irty ind iv idu al fo r A m e r ic an s and fo r
, ,

tho s e who l iv e in t h e trop ics it is a N e gro Wh e n w ith .

E u rop e ans it is a v ag abo nd o r a cr im inal w ith A m e r ic an s ,

it is a N e gro o r an I n d ian wh ich r e pr e s e nts t h e ind i

v idu al s o wn r e p r e ss e d s e xu al p e rso n al ity
’
and t h e o n e ,

co ns id e r e d in f e r io r I t is also d e s ir abl e to go into t he

.

p art icu l ars o f th is v is io n as th e r e are v ar iou s th ings

,

worthy o f not ic e T h e fe ath e r c ap wh ich n atu r ally h ad

.
,

to co n s ist o f e agl e s f e ath e rs is a so rt o f m ag ic ch ar m

’
, .

T h e h e ro assu m e s at t h e s am e t im e so m e t h ing o f t he sun

l ik e ch ar act e r o f th is b ird wh e n h e ad o r n s h im s e lf w ith
20 6 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
it s f e ath e rs just as t h e cour ag e and str e ngth o f t h e e ne m y
,

are appropr iat e d in sw allow in g his h e art o r t ak ing h is

s c alp At t he s am e t im e t h e f e at h e r cr e st is a cr o w n
.
,

wh ich is e qu iv al e nt to t h e r ays o f t h e sun T h e h istor ic al .

im por t an c e o f t h e Sun id e nt ific at io n h as b e e n s e e n in t h e

first p art .

E sp e c ial int e r e st att ach e s to t h e h and wh ich is d e ,

s cr ib e d as op e n and t he fi ng e rs wh ich are d e scr ib e d

, ,

as l arg e I t is s ignific ant th at it is t h e h an d upo n wh ich

.

t h e d ist in ct e m ph as is falls O ne m ight r ath e r h av e e x

.

p e c t e d a d e s cr ipt io n o f t h e fa c ial e xp r e ss io n I t is w e ll .

known th at t h e g e stu r e o f t h e h and is s ignific ant ; un fo r

t unat e l y w e k now n oth ing about th at h e r e
,
N e v e rth e l e ss .
,

a p ar all e l ph an t asy m ight b e m e nt io ne d wh ich also puts ,

t h e e m ph as is up o n h an ds A p at ie nt in a hyp nag o g ic
.

co nd it io n saw h is moth e r p aint e d o n a w all l ik e a p aint ing ,

in a B yz ant ine chu rch S h e h e ld o n e h and up op e n w id e

.
, ,

w ith fi ng e rs spr e ad ap art Th e fi ng e rs w e r e v e ry l arg e

.
,

swoll e n into kn ob s o n t h e e nds and e ach surrou nd e d by ,

a sm all h alo T h e im m e d iat e assoc iat io n w it h th is p ic

.

tu r e w as t h e fi ng e rs o f a frog w it h su ck ing d iscs at t he

e n ds . Th e n t h e S im il ar it y to t h e p e nis T h e anc ie nt se t .

t ing o f th is m oth e r p ictu r e is also o f im por t anc e E v i .

d e nt ly t h e h an d h ad in th is ph ant asy a ph all ic m e an ing

, , .

Th is int e rp r e t at io n w as co n fi r m e d by a furth e r v e ry
r e m ark abl e ph ant asy o f t h e s am e p at ie nt H e saw som e .

th ing l ik e a sky rock e t asc e nd ing fro m his m oth e r s

-
’

h and wh ich at a clo s e r su rv e y b e co m e s a sh ining b ird

,

w it h gold e n w ings a gold e n ph e as ant as it th e n o ccu rs

, ,

to h is m ind W e h av e s e e n in t h e p r e v iou s ch apt e r th at

.
20 8 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS

som e th ing o f t he f ath e r o r m oth e r in h im s e l f U p to th is .

t im e ind ir e ct h ints p o int o nly to t he m oth e r wh ich is ,

noth ing r e m ark abl e in an A m e r ic an g irl b e c aus e A m e r i ,

c ans as a r e sult o f t h e e xtr e m e d e t ach m e nt from t he

,

f ath e r are ch ar act e r iz e d by a most e normou s m oth e r

,

compl e x wh ich ag ain is co nne ct e d w ith t he e sp e c ial so c ial

,

po s it io n o f wom an in t h e Unit e d S t at e s Th is pos it io n .

br ings abou t a sp e c ial m ascul inity am o ng c ap abl e wom e n ,

wh ich e as ily m ak e s p oss ibl e t he symb o liz m g I nto a m as

cul ine fi gur e .

A ft e r th is v is io n M iss M ill e r f e lt th at a n am e form e d

,

its e lf b it by b it wh ich s e e m e d to b e lo ng to th is Azt e c

,

t h e so n o f an I nc a o f P e ru Th e n am e is . Ch i w an -

to p e l
-
As t h e author int im at e d som e th ing s im il ar to
.
,

th is b e lo ng e d to he r ch ild ish r e m inisc e nc e s T h e ac t o f .

n am in g is l ik e b apt is m so m e th ing e xc e e d ingly im port ant

, ,

fo r t he cr e at io n o f a p e rso nal ity b e c aus e s inc e old e n , ,

t im e s a m agic pow e r h as b e e n attr ibut e d to t h e nam e

, ,

w ith wh ich fo r e x am pl e t h e sp ir it o f t h e d e ad c an b e
, ,

co nj ur e d To know t h e n am e o f any o ne m e an s in
.
,

mythology to h av e pow e r ov e r th at o ne As a w e ll known

,
-

e x ampl e I m e nt io n t h e f airy t al e o f R u m p e lst ilzch e n .

I n an E gyp t ian myth I s is rob s t h e Sun god R é p e rm a

,

ue ntly o f h is p ow e r by co m p e ll in g h im to t e ll h e r h is r e al

n am e .Th e r e fo r e to giv e a n am e m e ans to g iv e pow e r

, ,

”
inv e st w ith a d e fi nit e p e rso nal ity T h e author ob s e rv e d
.
,

in r e g ard t o t he n am e its e l f th at it r e m in d e d h e r v e ry
,

m u ch o f t h e im pr e ss iv e n am e P o p o c at e p e t l a n am e wh ich ,

b e lo ngs to u nforg e tt abl e sch o ol m e m or ie s and t o t h e , ,

gr e at e st ind ignat io n o f t he p at ie nt v e ry o ft e n e m e rg e s ,
 TH E U N C ON S C I OUS OR I G I N OF TH E H ERO 20 9

in an ana lys is in a dr e am or ph ant asy and b r ings w ith it

th at s am e old j ok e wh ich o ne h e ard in school told o ne ,

s e l f and l at e r ag ain fo rgot Although o ne m ight h e s it at e

.

to co ns id e r th is u nh allow e d j ok e as o f psychol o g ic im
port anc e st ill o ne must inqu ir e for t h e r e aso n o f it s b e ing
, .

O ne must also put as a cou nt e r qu e st io n Why is it alw ays

, ,

P op oc at e p e tl and no t t h e ne ighbor ing I zt acc ihu atl o r ,

t h e e v e n h igh e r and j u st as cl e ar O r iz ab a ? T h e l ast h as

c e rt ainly t h e mor e b e aut iful and mor e e as ily p ronounc e d

n am e . P op oc at e p e tl is im pr e ss iv e b e c au s e o f it s o no m a
t o p o e t ic n am e I n E ngl ish t h e word is
. to p op ( pop
g u n )
, wh i ch is h e r e co n s id e r e d a s o n o m a topo e sy ; in G e r
m an t h e words are H int e rpo m m e r n P umpe rnic ke l ; ,

B o m b e ; P e t ard e ( l e pe t fl at u s )
I Th e fr e qu e n t G e rm an
wo rd P opo ( P od e x ) do e s not ind e e d e x ist in E ngl ish ,

but fl at us is d e s ignat e d as to poop in ch ild ish sp e e ch

T h e act o f d e f e c at io n is o ft e n d e s ig nat e d as to pop
A j ok ing n am e fo r t h e post e r io r p art is t he bu rn “
.

( P oop also m e an s t h e r e a r e n d o f a sh ip ) I n F
. r e n ch ,

p o u f ! is o n o m a top o e t ic ; p lf
o u e r p l a t z e n ( to e xplod e ) ,

l a po upe r e ar e nd o f sh ip l e po upard t h e b aby in

2
,
'

a rms , l a po upe e d o ll
Z
P o upo n is a p e t n am e for a
.

chubby f ac e d ch ild I n D utch p o p G e r m an P uppe and

-
.
,

L at in puppis doll ; in P l autus how e v e r it is also u s e d

, ,

j ok ingly for t h e post e r ior p art o f t h e body ; pupus m e ans

ch ild ; pupul a g irl l ittl e doll ie Th e G r e e k word
,
.

” 0 71 71 158 99 d e s ignat e s a cr ack ing s napp ing o r blow ing

,

sou nd I t is us e d o f k is s ing ; by Th e o cr itu s also o f t h e as

.

so c iat e d n o is e o f flut e blow in g T h e e tymolog ic p ar all e ls

.

show a r e m ark abl e r e l at io nsh ip b e tw e e n t h e p art o f t h e

210 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OU S
b o dy in qu e st io n and t h e ch ild Th is r e l at io n sh ip w e w ill
.

m e nt io n h e r e o nly to l e t it drop at o n c e as t h is qu e st io n
, ,

w ill cl aim ou r att e nt io n l at e r .

O ne o f m y p at ie nts in h is ch ildhood h ad alw ays con

n e c t e d t h e ac t o f d e f e c at io n w ith a ph ant asy th at his p os

t e rio r w as a volc ano and a v iol e n t e rupt io n took pl ac e ,

e xplos io n o f g as e s an d gush ing s forth o f l av a T he .

t e r m s fo r t h e e l e m e nt al o ccurr enc e s o f natur e are

or ig in ally n o t at al l p o e t ic al ; o ne th inks fo r e x am pl e o f
, ,

t h e b e au t iful ph e no m e n o n o f t h e m e t e o r wh ich t h e G e r

m an l angu ag e m ost u np o e t ic ally c alls S t e r nsch nupp e

( t h e smould e r in g w ick o f a st a r ) C e.rt a in S outh Am e r i
c an I n d ian s c all t h e shoot in g st ar t h e u rI ne o f t h e st ars .

Accord ing to t he pr inc ipl e o f t h e l e ast r e s ist anc e e xp r e s ,

s io ns are t ak e n from t h e ne ar e st sou rc e av ail abl e ( F or .

e x am pl e t h e tr an s f e r e nc e o f t h e m e tonym ic e xp r e ss ion
,

o f u r in at io n as S c hijfe ns to r ain
,
.

N ow it s e e m s to b e v e ry ob scu r e why t h e myst ic al

figur e o f Ch iw ant o p e l whom M is s M ill e r in a not e
, , ,

co m p ar e s to t h e co ntrol sp ir it o f t h e sp ir itu al ist ic m e

d ium , is fou nd in such a d isr e put abl e ne ighborhood th at
1 6

h is natur e ( nam e ) w as brought into r e l at io n w ith th is

p art icul ar p art o f t h e body I n ord e r to u nd e rst and th is
.

po ss ib il ity w e mu st r e al iz e th at wh e n we p roduc e from

,
’

t h e u n co nsc ious t h e first to b e b rought for t h is t h e in fan

t il e m at e r ial lo ng lost in m e m ory O n e m u st th e r e for e

.
, ,

t ak e t h e p o int o f v ie w o f t h at t im e in wh ich t h is in fant il e

m at e r ial w as st ill o n t h e sur fac e I f no w a m u ch ho nor e d

.
-

o bj e ct is r e l at e d in t h e u n c o n sc io us to t h e anu s th e n o ne
,

must co nclud e th at som e th ing o f a h igh v alu at ion w as

212 TH E UN C ON S C I OUS OR I G I N OF TH E H ERO

ch ild s e e s th at th is is t h e w ay in wh ich so m e th ing 1 3 p ro

du ce d in wh ich so m e t h in g co m e s o ut
,
T h e s am e ch ild
.

wh o m I r e port e d in t he l ittl e b r o chur e Ub e r K o nfl ict e

d e r k indl ich e n S e e l e ,an d w h o h ad a w e ll d e v e l o p e d an al
-

th e ory o f b irth l ik e l it t l e H ans wh o m F r e ud m ad e known

, ,

to u s l at e r c o ntr act e d a h ab it o f st ay ing a lo ng t im e o n

,

t h e to il e t . O nc e t h e f ath e r gr e w im p at ie nt w e nt to t h e ,

to il e t and c all e d , D o co m e out o f th e r e ; wh at are you

”
m ak ing ? Wh e r e up o n t h e an sw e r c am e from w ith in ,

A l ittl e w ago n and two po nie s .Th e ch ild w as m ak ing

a l ittl e w ago n an d t w o po n ie s th at is to say th in gs wh ich
, ,

at th at t im e S h e e sp e c ially w ish e d fo r I n th is w ay o ne
.

c an m ak e wh at o ne w ish e s ,
an d t h e th ing m ad e is t h e

th ing w ish e d fo r T h e ch ild w ish e s e ar ne stly fo r a doll

.

o r at h e art fo r a r e al ch ild ( Th at is t h e ch ild pr ae

, ,
.
,

t ise d for h is futu r e b iolog ic al t ask an d in t h e w ay in

,

wh ich e v e ryth ing in g e ne r al is p roduc e d h e m ad e t h e

doll h im se l f as r e p r e s e nt at iv e o f t h e ch ild o r o f t h e
21

th ing w ish e d fo r in F ro m a p at ie nt I h av e
l e ar n e d a p ar all e l ph ant asy o f h e r ch ildh o o d I n t h e .

t o il e t t h e r e w as a cr e v ic e in t h e w all S h e ph ant asie d th at

.

fr o m t h is cr e v ic e a fairy would co m e out and p r e s e nt

h e r w ith e v e ryth ing fo r wh ich sh e w ish e d T he l o cu s
.

is kn ow n to b e t h e pl ac e o f dr e am s wh e r e m u ch w as
w ish e d fo r and cr e at e d wh ich l at e r would no lo ng e r b e
su sp e ct e d o f h av ing t h is pl ac e o f o r igin A p at h o l o g ic al
.

ph ant asy in pl ac e h e r e is t o ld u s by L o m bro so co nc e r n ,

ing t wo ins an e a r t is t s .E ach o f t h e m co nsid e r e d h im s e lf

G o d and t h e rul e r o f t h e w o rld Th e y cr e at e d o r pro
.

duc e d t h e world by m ak ing it co m e fo rt h fr o m t h e r e c t u m ,

 TH E UN C O N S C I OUS OR I G I N OF TH E H ERO 21 3

j ust as t h e e g g o f b irds o r ig in at e s in t h e e gg c an al O ne .

o f th e s e t w o art ists w as e ndow e d w it h a tru e a rt ist ic

s e ns e H e p aint e d a p ictu r e in wh ich h e w as ju st in t h e
.

ac t o f cr e at io n ; t h e w o rld c am e forth fro m h is anus ; t h e

m e mbru m w as in full e r e ct io n ; h e w as n ak e d surrou nd e d ,

by wo m e n and w ith all ins ignia o f h is pow e r T h e e x c re

, .

m e n t is in a c e rt ain s e n s e t h e th ing w ish e d fo r and o n th at ,

a ccou nt it r e c e iv e s t h e corr e sp o n d in g v alu at io n Wh e n I .

fi rst u nd e rstoo d th is c o nne ct io n an o bs e rv at io n m ad e

,

lo ng ag o and wh ich d isturb e d m e gr e atly b e c au s e I n e Ve r

,

r ightly u nd e rstood it b e c am e cl e ar t o m e I t co nc e r ne d
,
.

an e duc at e d p at ie n t who u n d e r v e ry t r ag ic c ircu m st an c e s

, ,

h ad to b e s e p ar at e d fro m h e r hu sb an d and ch ild and w as ,

b rought into t he in s ane asylu m Sh e e xh ib it e d a typ ic al

.

ap athy and slov e nl ine ss wh ich was co nsid e r e d as

af fe ct iv e m e nt al d e t e r io r at io n E v e n at th at t im e I
.

doubt e d th is d e t e r ior at io n and w as incl ine d to r e g ard

,

it as a s e co nd ary adj ust m e nt I took e sp e c ial p ains t o

.

a s c e rt ain how I could d is c ov e r t h e e x ist e n c e o f t h e af fe ct

in th is c as e F inally aft e r m or e th an thr e e hours h ard ’
,
.

work I su cc e e d e d in fi nd ing a tr ain o f thought wh ich sud

,

de nly brought t h e p at ie nt into a compl e t e ly ad e qu at e and

th e r e for e stro ngly e m ot io nal st at e At th is m om e nt t h e;

af fe ct iv e co nne ct io n w ith h e r w as co m pl e t e ly re e st ab
l ish e d . Th at h app e ne d in t h e for e n o o n Wh e n I re .

tur ne d at t h e appo int e d t im e in t h e e v e n ing to t h e w ard to

se e h e r sh e h ad fo r m y r e c e pt io n s m e ar e d h e rs e l f fro m
, ,

h e ad to foot w ith e xcr e m e nt and cr ie d l augh ingly D o I

, ,

pl e as e you so ? S h e h ad n e v e r d o n e th at b e fo r e ; it w as
pl ainly d e st in e d fo r m e T h e im pr e ss ion wh ich I r e c e iv e d
.
214 .
P S YCH OLOGY O F THE U N C ON S C I OUS
w as o ne of
p e rso n al affro nt and as a r e sult o f
a ,

t h is I w as co nv inc e d fo r y e ars a ft e r o f t h e af
, fe ct iv e de
t e rio rat io n o f su ch c as e s N ow w e u nd e rst and th is ac t
.

as an in fant il e c e r e mo ny o f w e lco m e o r a d e cl ar at io n o f

T he o r ig in o f Chiw ant o p e l th at is to say an unco n

, ,

sc ious p e rso n al ity th e r e for e m e ans in t h e s e n s e o f t he

, ,

p r e v iou s e xpl anat io n I m ak e p roduc e inv e nt h im m y

, , ,

s e l f I t is a so rt o f hum an cr e at io n o r b irth by t h e anal

.

rout e T h e firs t p e opl e w e r e m ad e from e xcr e m e nt pot

.
,

t e r s e ar t h o r cl ay T h e L at in l ut um wh ich r e ally m e ans

’

, .
,

mo ist e ne d e arth also h as t h e tr ans f e rr e d m e aning o f

,

d irt I n P l autus it is e v e n a t e r m o f abus e so m e th ing

.
,

l ik e Y ou scu m T h e b irth from t h e anu s also r e m in ds

.

us o f t h e m ot iv e o f throw ing b e h ind o n e s e l f A w e ll .

know n e x am pl e is t h e or acul ar co mm and wh ich De u ,

c al io n and Pyrrh a who w e r e t h e o nly su rv ivors fro m t h e

,

gr e at fl o od r e c e iv e d Th e y w e r e to throw b e h in d t h e m
,
.

t h e bo ne s o f t h e gr e at m o t h e r Th e y th e n thr e w b e h ind
.

th e m sto ne s fro m wh ich m ank ind sp r ang Accord ing to

,
.

a tr ad it io n t h e D a ctyl i in a s im il ar m anne r spr ang fro m

,

dust wh ich t h e ny m ph A n ch ial e thr e w b e h in d h e r Th e r e

,
.

is also hu m orou s s ig nifi c an c e att ached to t h e an al p ro d

uct s . T h e e xcr e m e nts are o ft e n co n s id e r e d in popul a r
hu m o r as a m o nu m e nt o r m e m or ial ( wh ich pl ays a sp e c ial
p ar t in r e g ard t o t h e cr im inal in t h e for m o f g rum us ‘

m e rd ce ) ; e v e ry o ne k n ows t h e hu m or o u s s t ory o f t h e m an
who l e d by t h e sp ir it t hrough l abyr int h ian p ass ag e s to a
,

h idd e n tr e asu r e a ft e r h e h ad sh e d all h is p ie c e s o f clo t h

,

ing d e po sit e d e x cr e m e nt as a l ast gu id e p o st o n his ro ad

'

.
,
21 6 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
st ru ct ib l e v it al e ne rgy T h e figur e o f t h e W and e r ing Je w
.

h as u nd e rgo ne m or e l it e r ary e l abor at io n th an t h e figur e

o f F au st and ne arly all o f th is w o rk b e lo ngs to t h e l ast
,

c e ntury I f t h e figu r e is no t c all e d Ah asv e r st ill it is th e r e

.
,

u nd e r anoth e r nam e p e rh ap s as Cou nt o f S t G e r m ain

, .
,

t h e m yst e r iou s R o sicru c ian whos e im m o r t al ity w as as ,

su r e d and whos e t e m p o r ary r e s id e n c e ( t h e l and ) w as

,

”
e qu ally k n ow n Although t h e stor ie s ab out Ah asv e r
.

c annot b e tr ac e d b ack any e arl ie r th an t h e th irt e e nth c e n

tury t h e or al tr ad it io n c an r e ach b ack co ns id e r ably
,

fur t h e r and it is no t an im po ss ib il ity th at a br idg e to t h e

,

O r ie nt e x ists Th e r e is t h e p ar all e l figu r e o f Ch idr o r

.
,

”
al Ch ad ir t he e v e r youth ful Ch idh e r
, c e l e b r at e d in
-

so ng by R u e ck e rt Th e l e g e nd is pu r e ly I sl am it ic T h e
. .

p e cul iar fe atur e how e v e r is th at C h idh e r is no t o nly a

, ,

s aint but in Sufic c ircl e s r is e s e v e n to d iv ine s ignific anc e

,
27
.

I n v ie w o f t h e s e v e r e m o n oth e is m o f I sl am o n e is in
c l in e d to th ink o f C h id h e r as a p re I sl am i t I c Ar ab ian -

d iv init y who would h ardly b e o ffi c ially r e cogniz e d by t h e

n e w r e l ig io n but m igh t h av e b e e n t ol e r at e d o n p ol it ic al
,

grou nds B ut th e r e is noth ing to prov e th at T h e first

. .

tr ac e s o f C h idh e r are fou nd in t h e co mm e nt ar ie s o f t he

K o r an B uch ar i and T ab ar e and in a co mm e nt ary to a
,

not e worthy p a ss ag e o f t h e e ight e e nth su r a o f t h e K o r an .

Th e e ight e e nth sur a is e nt itl e d t h e c av e th at is a ft e r , ,

t h e c av e o f t h e s e v e n sl e e p e rs who a ccord ing to t h e , ,

l e g e nd sl e pt th e r e fo r 3 0 9 y e ars and thu s e sc ap e d p e rs e

, ,

c ut io n an d awok e in a ne w e ra
,
Th e ir l e g e nd is re .

c o u nt e d in t h e e ight e e nth sur a and d iv e rs r e fl e ct io ns w e r e ,

a ssoc iat e d w it h it T h e w ish ful fil m e nt id e a o f t h e l e g e nd

.
-
 TH E UN C ON S C I OUS OR I G I N OF T H E H ERO 21 7

is v e ry cl e ar T h e m yst ic m at e r ial fo r it is t he imm ut abl e

.

m od e l o f t h e S u n s cou rs e T h e Sun s e ts p e r iod ic ally

’
.
,

but do e s no t die I t h id e s in t h e w o m b o f t he se a o r in a
.

”
subt e rr ane an c av e and in t h e m o r ning is bor n ag ain
, ,

co m pl e t e T h e l angu ag e in wh ich t h is astro no m ic o ccu r

.

r e nc e is cloth e d is o ne o f cl e ar sy m bol is m ; t he Sun r e tu r ns

into t he m oth e r s wo m b and a ft e r so m e t im e is ag ain
’
,

bor n O f cours e th is e v e nt is p rop e rly an in c e s tu ou s

.
,

act , o f wh ich in mytholo gy cl e ar tr ac e s are st ill re

, ,

t aine d no t t h e l e ast o f wh ich is t h e c ircumst an c e th at t h e

,

dy ing and r e su rr e ct e d gods are t h e lov e rs o f th e ir o wn

moth e rs o r h av e g e ne r at e d th e m s e lv e s t hrough th e ir o wn
”
moth e rs Chr ist as t h e G o d b e co m ing fl e sh h as g e n
.
“

e rat e d h im s e lf through M ary ; M ithr a h as do ne t h e

s am e Th e s e G ods are u nm ist ak abl e Sun gods fo r t h e
.
-
,

S un also do e s th is in ord e r to ag ain r e ne w h im s e lf

, .

N atu r ally it is no t to b e assu m e d th at astro nomy c am e

,

first and th e s e co n c e pt io ns o f gods a ft e rw ards ; t h e pro c e ss

was as alw ays inv e rt e d and it is e v e n tru e th at pr im it iv e
, , ,

m ag ic ch ar m s o f r e b irth b apt is m sup e rst it iou s u s ag e s, ,

o f all sorts co nc e r ning t h e cu r e o f t h e S ick e t c w e r e

, ,
.
,

p roj e ct e d into t h e h e av e n s Th e s e youths w e r e bor n .

fro m t h e c av e ( t he Wo m b o f m oth e r e arth ) l ik e t h e Sun ,

gods in a ne w e ra and th is was t h e w ay th e y v anqu ish e d

, ,

d e ath I n th is far th e y w e r e immort al I t is no w int e r

. .

e st ing to se e how t h e K or an co m e s a ft e r lo ng e th ic al ,

co nt e m pl at io ns in t he cours e o f t h e s am e su r a to t h e fol ,

low ing p ass ag e wh ich is o f e sp e c ial s ignific anc e fo r t he

,

o r ig in o f t he C hidh e r m yth F o r th is r e ason I quot e .

t h e K or an l it e r ally :
21 8 P S YCH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
R em e m b e r w hen M oses sai d to h is v
ser ant , I will no t st o p

t ill I re ac h t h e co n fl ue nc e o f t he t w o se as, o r fo r e igh t y y e ars w ill

I j o u rney on .
’

“
B u t w he n t he y re ac he d t h e ir c o n u e nc e fl t he y fo rgo t t he ir

fi sh , and it t oo k it s w ay in t h e se a at w ill .

And w he n t h e y h ad p asse d o n , M ose s sai d h is v

“
to se r an t ,

B ring u s ou r m o rning m e al , fo r no w w e h av e inc u rre d w e ariness

fro m j o u rne y
t h is o u r .
’

H e said Wh at t h ink est t h o u ? Whe n w e re paire d t o t he

‘
,

roc k fo r rest t he n v e ril y I fo rgo t t h e fi sh ; and no ne b u t S at an

,

m ad e m e fo rge t it so as no t t o m e nt io n it ; and it h at h t ak e n it s
,

w ay in t h e se a in a w o nd ro u s so rt
’
.

H e said I t is t h is w e w e re in que st o f S o t h ey b o t h w e nt
’
.
,

b ac k re t rac ing t he ir foo t st eps .

“
The n fo und t he y o ne o f o u r se rv ant s t o w hom w e h ad vo uc h
safe d o u r m e rcy and w hom we h ad inst ru c t e d w it h o u r k no w l
“
‘

e d ge ;
2"

M o ses said t o h im S hall I fo ll ow t hee t h at t hou t e ac h m e , ,

fo r g u id anc e o f t h at w h ic h t ho u h ast b e e n t au gh t ?
’

H e said Ve ril y t ho u c anst b y no m e ans h av e p at ie nc e w it h

, ,

me ; and ho w c anst t h o u b e p at ie nt in m at t e rs w ho se m e aning t ho u

c omp reh e ndest no t ?
’
— T rans R o d w e l l , p age 1 8 8
. .

M os e s now acco m p anie s t h e m yst e r iou s s e rv ant o f G od ,

who do e s d iv e rs th ings wh ich M os e s c annot compr e h e nd ;

fin ally , t he U nkn own t ak e s l e av e o f M os e s ,
and sp e aks to
h im as follows
The y w il l ask ( t he t w o h o rne d )
t h ee o f Dh o u l karne in -
.

S ay : I w il l rec it e t o you an ac c o u nt o f h im
’
.

Ve ril y w e e st ab l ishe d h is p ow e r up o n t he e art h and w e g av e

,

h im a m e ans t o ac c o m pl ish e v e ry e nd so he fo l l ow e d h is w ay ; ,

U nt il w h e n he re ache d t h e se t t ing o f t h e su n h e fo und it

“
,

t o se t in a m iry fo re st ; and h ard b y h e fo u nd a p eo pl e , .

N ow follows a mor al r e fl e ct io n ; th e n t he na rr at iv e con

t inue s
2 20 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C O N S C I OUS
And w as t ransfigu re d b e fo re t he m : and h is fac e did Sh ine
as t h e su n, and his raim e nt w as w h it e as t h e l igh t .

And b e ho l d t he re app e are d u nt o t he m M ose s and E l iaS t al k

'

ing w it h h im .

The n answ e re d Pe t er an d sai d u nt o J esu s ,

‘
Lo rd , it is g oo d
fo r us t o b e h e re ; if t h o u w il t , l e t us m ak e he re t h re e t ab e rnac l e s ;
o ne for t h ee an d o ne fo r M oses and o ne fo r El ias .
’ 34

F rom th e s e p ass ag e s it app e ars th at Chr ist St ands o n

t he s am e pl ane as E l ias w ithout b e ing id e nt ifi e d w ith
,

h im although t h e p e opl e co n s id e r h im as E l ias T he

36
.
,

as c e n s io n pl ac e s Chr ist as id e nt ic al w ith E l ias T h e .

p roph e cy o f Chr ist S hows th at t h e r e e x ist as id e fro m

h im se l f o ne o r m or e im m o r t als who sh all no t die u nt il
P aro u sai Acco rd ing t o Joh n x x i : 2 2 nd v e rs e t h e boy
.
,

Joh n w as co n s id e r e d as o ne o f th e s e im m ort als and in ,

t h e l e g e nd h e is in f a ct no t d e ad but m e r e ly sl e e p ing
, ,

in t h e grou n d u nt il P aro u sai an d br e ath e s so th at t h e ,

dust sw irls rou n d his gr av e As is e v id e n t th e r e are

.
66
,

p ass abl e br idg e s from Chr ist by w ay o f E l ias to C h idhe r

an d Ah asu e rus I t is s aid in an accou nt o f th is l e g e nd
.

th at Dhul q arne in l e d h is fr ie n d Ch idh e r to t h e sou rc e

o f l ife in o rd e r to h av e h im dr ink o f im m ort al ity ”
.

Al e x and e r also b ath e d in t h e str e am o f l if e and p e r

fo r m e d t h e r itu al ablut io n s AS I p r e v iously m e nt io n e d in
.

a fo o t n o t e a ccord in g t o M atth e w x v n : 1 2 t h v e rs e Joh n

, ,

t h e B apt ist is E l ias th e r e for e p r im ar ily id e nt ic al w ith

,

C h idh e r N ow how e v e r it is to b e not e d th at in t h e

.
, ,

Ar ab ian l e g e nd Chidh e r app e ars r ath e r as a co m p anio n

o r acco m p anie d Chidh e r w ith Dhul qarn e in o r w ith E l ias ,

l ik e u nto th e m o r id e nt ifi e d w it h th e m Th e r e are
th e r e for e two s im il ar figu r e s who r e s e m bl e e ach oth e r
, ,
 TH E UN C O N S C I OUS OR I G I N OF TH E H ERO 22 1

but who ne v e rth e l e ss are d ist in ct T h e analogous s itu

, ,
.

at io n in t h e Chr ist ian l e g e n d is fo u n d in t h e s c e n e by

t h e Jord an wh e r e Joh n l e ads Chr ist to t h e sourc e o f

l ife
. Chr ist is th e r e t h e sub o rd in at e Joh n t h e sup e r ior
, , ,

sim il a r to Dh u l arn e in and C hid h e r o r Chi d h n d

q e r a ,

M o s e s also E l ias T h e l att e r r e l at io n e sp e c ially is su ch

, .

th at Vo ll e rs comp ar e s Ch idh e r and E l ias o n t h e o ne ,

s id e w ith G ilg am e sh and his mo rt al broth e r E ab ani ;

,

o n t h e oth e r s id e w ith t h e D ioscu r i o ne o f whom is im

, ,

m ort al t h e oth e r mort al

, Th is r e l at io n is also fou nd in
.

”
Chr ist and Joh n t h e B apt ist o n t h e o ne h and and Chr ist , ,

and P e t e r o n t h e oth e r
, T h e l ast n am e d p ar all e l o nly
.
-

fi nds it s e xpl anat io n through co m p ar iso n w it h t h e M ith

r aic m yst e r ie s wh e r e t h e e sot e r ic co nt e nts are r e v e al e d
,

to u s through m o nu m e nts U po n t h e M ithr aic m arbl e .

r e l ie f o f K l ag e n furt it is r e p r e s e nt e d how w ith a h alo

41

M ithr a crow n s H e l ios who e ith e r k ne e ls b e fo r e h im o r

,

e ls e flo ats up to h im fro m b e low M it hr a is r e pr e s e nt e d

.

o n a M it h r aic m o nu m e n t o f O st e rbu rk e n as hold ing in

his r ight h and t h e should e r o f t h e m yst ic ox abov e H e l ios ,

who st ands bow e d dow n b e fo r e h im t he l e ft h and r e st ,

ing o n a sword h ilt A crow n l ie s b e tw e e n th e m o n t he

.

grou nd Cu m o nt ob s e rv e s ab out th is sc e ne th at it p r o b
.

ably r e p r e s e nts t h e d iv ine p rot o typ e o f t h e c e r e m o ny o f

t h e init iat io n into t h e d e gr e e o f M il e s in wh ich a sword ,

and a crow n w e r e co n f e rr e d upo n t h e mys t ic H e l io s is .

,

th e r e fo r e appo int e d t h e M il e s o f M ithr a I n a g e ne r al

, .

way M ithr a s e e ms to occupy t h e rOl e o f p atro n to H e l io s

, ,

wh ich r e m inds u s o f t h e bold ne ss o f H e rcul e s tow ards

H e l ios U p o n h is j ou r ne y tow ards G e ryo n H e l ios bu r ns
.
,
222 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
too hotly ; H e rcul e s full o f ang e r thr e ate ns him w ith h is
, ,

n e v e r fail in g arrows
-
Th e r e fo r e H e l io s is co m p e ll e d t o
.
,

y ie ld and l e nds to t h e h e ro h is Sun sh ip w ith wh ich h e

, ,

w as accu sto m e d to j our ne y a cro s s t h e se a Thu s H e rcul e s .

r e tu r n s to E ryt hia to t h e c attl e h e rds o f G e ryo n

, On .
42

t h e mo nu m e n t at K l ag e n fu rt M ithr a is furth e rmor e re p ,

r e s e nt e d p r e ss ing H e l io s s h and e ith e r in f ar e w e ll o r as

’
,

a r at ific at io n I n a fu rth e r sc e ne M ithr a m

. ou nts t h e
Ch ar iot o f H e l ios e ith e r fo r t h e asc e ns ion o r t he S e a
,

”
Jour ne y .
46
Cumo nt is o f t h e op inio n th at M ithr a giv e s
to H e l io s a sort o f c e r e mo niou s inv e st itu r e and co nse
cr at e s h im w ith his d iv ine pow e r by crowning h im w ith
h is o w n h ands Th is r e l at io n co rr e sp o nds to th at o f
.

Chr ist to P e t e r P e t e r through h is sym b ol t h e cock h as

.
, , ,

t h e ch ar act e r o f a sun god A ft e r t h e asc e ns io n ( o r

-
.

se a j our n e y ) o f Chr ist h e is t h e v is ibl e po nt iff o f t h e

,

d iv init y ; h e su ffe rs th e r e for e t h e s am e d e ath ( cru c i

, ,

fix io n ) as Chr ist an d b e co m e s t h e gr e at R o m an
,

d e it y ( S o l inv ic t us ) t h e co n qu e r ing tr iu m ph ant Chu rch

, ,

its e l f e mbod ie d in t h e P op e
, I n t h e s c e ne o f M alchu s .

h e is alw ays show n as t h e m il e s o f Chr ist t o who m t h e ,

swo rd is gr ant e d and as t h e rock upo n wh ich t h e Chu rc h

,

is fou nd e d . T h e crow n is also g iv e n to h im who pos

44

s e ss e s t h e p ow e r to b ind and to se t fr e e Thu s Chr ist .

, ,

l ik e t he Sun is t h e v is ibl e G od wh e r e as t h e P op e l ik e
, , ,

t h e h e ir o f t h e R o m an C ae s ars is s o lis inv ic t i c o m e s ,

.

T h e s e tt ing sun appo ints a su cc e ssor who m h e inv e sts

w ith t h e pow e r o f t h e sun Dhul qarne in g iv e s Ch idh e r
.
45

e t e r n al l if e C h idh e r co m m u nic at e s h is w isdo m to

.

M os e s ? 6
Th e r e e v e n e x ists a r e p o rt acco rd ing t o wh ich
2 24 P SY C H OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
a p ro cl aim e r o f d iv ine Wisdo m ; t h e old B abyl o nian
Oa n ne s E a who w as r e p r e s e nt e d in t he fo r m o f a fi sh
-
, ,

and d aily c am e from t h e se a as a fish to t e ach t h e p e opl e

w isdo m H is n am e w as brought into co nne ctio n w ith

.
62

Joh n s W ith t h e r is ing o f t h e r e ne w e d sun all t h at l iv e d

’
.

in d ark n e s s as w at e r anim al or fi sh su rrou n d e d by all

,
-
,

t e rro rs o f night and d e ath b e c am e as t h e sh ining fi e ry ,

63

fi rm am e nt o f t h e d ay Thu s t h e words o f Joh n t h e B ap

.

t ist g ain e sp e c ial m e aning :

I ind e e d b ap t iz e yo u w it h w at e r u nt o re p e nt anc e , b u t he t h at

c o m e t h aft e r m e is m igh t ie r t h an I , w ho se shoe s I am no t w o rt hy

to he ar ; h e shall b ap t iz e yo u w it h t h e H o l y G ho st and w it h fi re .

W ith Vo ll e rs w e m ay also comp ar e Chidhe r and E l ias

( M o s e s an d hi s s e rv an t Joshu a ) w i th G ilg am e sh a n d
his broth e r E ab ani G ilg am e sh w and e r e d through t he
.

wo rld dr iv e n by anx ie t y and lo ng ing to find im m ort al ity

, , .

H is p at h l e d him acro ss t h e s e as to t h e w is e U tnap isht im

h

( N o a h ) who k n e,w how to cro s s t h e w at e rs o f d e ath .

Th e r e G ilg am e sh h ad to d iv e dow n to t he bottom o f t he

se a fo r t h e m ag ic al h e rb wh ich w as to l e ad h im b ack to

t h e l an d o f m e n Wh e n h e h ad com e ag ain to his nativ e

.

l and a s e rp e nt stol e t h e m ag ic pl ant fro m h im ( t h e fish

ag ain sl id into t h e se a ) B ut o n t h e r e tur n from t he
.

l an d o f t h e bl e ss e d an imm ort al m ar ine r acco m p anie d

h im who b anish e d by a cu rs e o f U t nap isht im w as fo r
, , ,

b idd e n to r e tur n t o t h e l and o f t h e bl e ss e d G ilg am e sh s .

’

j ou r ne y h ad lo st it s pu rpo se o n accou nt o f t he loss o f t h e

m ag ic h e rb ; in s t e ad h e is acco m p anie d by an im m o rt al ,

whos e f at e ind e e d w e c annot l e ar n fro m t he fr agm e nts

, ,
 TH E UN C ON S C I OUS OR I G I N OF T H E H ERO 2 25

o f t he e p ic Th is b an ish e d im mort al is t he mod e l fo r

.

Ah asv e r as J e ns e n aptly r e m ark e d

,
66
.

Ag ain w e e ncou nt e r t h e mot iv e o f t he D io scur i mort al ,

and immort al s e tt ing and r is ing sun

, Th is m o t iv e is also .

re pre s e nt e d as if pro j e c t e d fro m t he he ro .

T h e S ac rific ium M it h riacum ( t h e s acr ifi c e o f t h e bull )

is in it s r e l ig iou s r e p r e s e nt at ion v e ry o ft e n fl ank e d by
t h e two Dad o ph o re s C aut e s and C aut o p at e s o ne w ith
'

, ,

a r ais e d and t h e oth e r w ith a low e r e d to rch Th e y re pre .

s e nt broth e rs who r e v e al th e ir ch ar act e r through t h e sym

b o lic po s it io n o f t he t o rch Cumo nt co nne cts th e m not
.
,

w ithout m e an ing w ith t h e s e pulchr al e rot e s who as

,

g e n I I w ith t h e r e v e rs e d to rch e s h av e t r a d it io n a l m e an in g .

T h e o ne is suppo s e d to st and fo r de ath an d t h e o th e r fo r

l if e I c annot r e fr ain fro m m e nt io ning t h e s im il ar ity b e
.

tw e e n t he S ac rificium M it h riacum ( wh e r e t h e s acr ific e d

bull in t h e c e ntr e is fl ank e d o n both s id e s by Dado ph o re s )
to t he Chr ist ian s acr ific e o f t he l am b ( ram ) Th e .

C rucifie d is also tr ad it io nally fl ank e d by t h e two th ie v e s ,

o ne o f whom a sc e nds to P ar ad is e wh il e t he oth e r d e

,

sc e nds to H e ll 66
T h e id e a o f t h e mort al and t h e im
mort al s ee ms to h av e p ass e d also into t h e Chr ist ian
worsh ip S e m it ic gods are o ft e n r e p r e s e nt e d as fl ank e d
.

by two P are dro i ; for e x am pl e B aal o f E d e ss a ae com

, ,

p a n i e d by Az iz a n d M o n im o z ( B aa l as t h e S u n a e co m ,

p a n i e d by M a rs a n d M e rcu ry a s e xpr
,
e ss e d in a stro
no m ic al t e a ch ings ) Accord ing to t h e Ch ald e an v ie w
.
,

t h e gods are group e d into tr iads I n th is c ircl e o f id e as

.

b e lo n gs also t h e Tr inity t h e id e a o f t he tr iu ne G od in
, ,

wh ich Chr ist m u st b e co ns id e r e d in h is u nity w ith t h e

2 26 P SY C H OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
F ath e r and t h e
Holy G host S o too do t h e two th ie v e s .
, ,

b e lo ng inw ardly to Chr ist T h e two Dado ph o re s are as .

,

Cu m o nt po ints out noth ing but o ffsho ots from t h e ch ie f ,

67

figu r e o f M ithr a to who m b e lo ngs a m yst e r iou s thr e e

,

fo ld ch ar act e r Accord ing to an accou nt o f D io nysu s

.

Ar e op agit a t h e m ag ic ian s c e l e br at e d a fe st iv al
,
rov ,
“

r p zn ll a o zo v M iG/so u
”
An obs e rv at io n l ik e w is e r e f e r
'
’ 66
.

r ing to t he Tr inity is m ad e by P lut arch co nc e r n ing O r

if f i
’

fi
' '
m uz d : r p i s sa v r o r s i) ll i ? Th e
’ ‘

c rrc o r
n
‘

a zc t oa o e r o o v

Tr inity as thr e e d iffe r e n t st at e s o f t h e u nity is also a

, ,

Chr ist ian thought I n t h e v e ry fi rst pl ac e th is sugge sts .

a sun m yth An ob s e rv at io n by M acrob iu s 1 1 8 s e e ms to

.

l e nd suppo rt to th is id e a

H a: au t e m aet at u m div e rsit at e s ad so l e m re fe runt u r, ut p ar

v u l us d
v i e at u r h ie m al i so l st it io , q u al e m Ae gyp t ii p ro fe ru nt ex

adyt o die c e rt a, azq u ino c t io v e rn al i fi g u ra iuv e n is o rn at u r .

P o st e a st at u it u r a
e t as e u s j p l e n issim a fi g ie
ef b arb ae l
so st it io azst iv o

e x u nde pe r dim inu t io ne s l

v e u t i se ne sc e nt i qua t a r fo rm a d e us
”
fi gurat u r
5 °
.
3:

As Cumont ob s e rv e s Caut e s and C aut ap at e s o cc as ion ,

ally c arry in th e ir h ands t h e h e ad o f a bull and a s e o r ,

p io n T au ru s and S corp io are e qu inoct ial s ign s wh ich

.
60
,

cl e arly ind ic at e th at t h e s acr ific ial s c e ne r e fe rs pr im ar ily

to t h e Sun cy cl e ; t h e r is ing Sun wh ich s acr ific e s its e l f at ,

* f l d M i th a
O f t h e t h re e o r .

TH i n g av p an d d h i m lf t h
ex f l d h d p a t d f m t h un
e se re e o , e e r e ro e s .

i N w th o d i ff nc in t h a n f t t h S un w h i c h e em at
e se e re es e se so s re e r o e , s s

t h w i nt
e l t i c n i nf ant uc h a t h E gy p t i an n c t ai n d ay b i ng
e r so s e a ,
s s e s o a er r

o ut f th i
o an c t u
e r s i ; t th nal q ui n it i p nt d a y ut h
ar e s a e v er e ox s re re s e e s a o .

L t a e r, t th aumm l t i c it g i p nt d by a f u l l g w t h f
e s er so s e, s a e s re re se e ro o

b a d w h i l t t h l t t h g d i p nt d by t h g ad u al ly d i m i ni h
e r , e a e as , e o s re re s e e e r s

ing f m o f an l d m an
or o .
228 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C O N S C I OUS
fro m t h e ph all ic sym b ol is m t h e o r iginal ity o f ,

wh ich m ay w e ll b e u nco nt e s t e d T h e m al e g e n it al s are

.
64

t h e b as is fo r th is Tr init y I t is an anato m ic al f act th at

.

o ne t e st icl e is g e n e r ally pl ac e d so m e wh at h igh e r th an

t h e oth e r and it is also a v e ry old but ne v e rth e l e ss

, , , ,

st ill su rv iv ing sup e rst it io n t h at o ne t e st icl e g e ne r at e s a

,

boy and t h e oth e r a g irl A l at e B abyl o nian b as r e l ie f

.
65 -

fr o m L aj ard s coll e c t io n s e e m s t o b e in accord anc e w ith

’ 66

th is v ie w I n t h e m iddl e o f t he im ag e st ands an andro gy

.

nou s go d ( m ascul ine an d f e m inin e f ac e upo n t h e

r ight m al e s id e is fou n d a s e rp e nt w ith a sun h alo rou n d
, , ,

it s h e ad ; up o n t h e l e f t f e m al e sid e th e r e is al so a se r
, ,

p e nt w ith t h e m oo n abov e it s h e ad Abov e t he h e ad o f

, .

t h e god th e r e are thr e e st ars Th is e ns e m bl e would s e e m

.

t o co n fir m t h e Tr in it y o f t h e r e pr e s e nt at io n T h e Sun
66
.

s e rp e nt at t h e r ight s id e is m al e ; t h e s e rp e nt at t h e l e ft
s id e is f e m al e ( s ignifi e d by t h e moo n ) Th is im ag e p os .

s e ss e s a sy m b o l ic s e xu al suflix wh ich m ak e s t he s e xu al
,

s ignifi c anc e o f t h e whol e obtru s iv e U po n t h e m al e s id e

.

a rhomb is fou nd — a f avor it e sy m bol o f t h e fe m al e g e ni

t als ; upon t h e f e m al e s id e th e r e is a wh e e l or f e lly A .

wh e e l alw ays r e f e rs to t h e Sun but t h e spok e s are th ick

,

e ne d an d e nl arg e d at t h e e n ds wh ich sugg e st s ph all ic

,

symbol is m I t s e e m s to b e a ph all ic wh e e l wh ich w as

.
,

no t u nkn own in ant iqu it y Th e r e are obsc e ne b as r e l ie fs

.
-

wh e r e Cup id tu r ns a wh e e l o f n o t h ing but ph all i I t is .

69

no t o nly t h e s e rp e nt wh ich sugg e sts t h e ph all ic s ig nific an c e

o f t h e Sun ; I quot e o ne e sp e c ially m ark e d c as e fro m an ,

abund an c e o f proo f I n t h e ant iqu e coll e ct io n at V e ron a

.

Th f ld
re e o d .
 TH E UN C ON S C I OUS OR I G I N OF TH E H ERO 2 29

I d iscov e r e d l at e R om an m yst ic
a inscr ipt ion in wh ich are

t he follow ing r e pr e s e nt at ions

—
Th e s e symbols are e as ily r e ad : S un P h allu s M oon ,

V ag in a ( U t e ru s ) . Th is int e rp r e t at io n is co nfirm e d by
an oth e r figu r e o f t h e s am e coll e ct io n .Th e r e t he s am e
r e p r e s e nt at io n is f o u nd o nly t h e v e ss e l is r e pl ac e d by
,
"0

t h e figur e o f a wo m an . T h e im p r e ss io ns o n co ins wh e r e ,

in t he m iddl e a p al m is s e e n e nc o il e d by a s nak e fl ank e d ,

by two sto ne s ( t e st icl e s ) o r e ls e in t h e m iddl e a sto ne

,

e n c ircl e d by a s n ak e ; to t h e r ight a p alm to t he l e ft a

,

sh e ll ( f m l g it ls should b i t rpr t d i
‘

e a e e n a e n e e e n a

sim il a r m anne r I n L aj ard s R e s e arch e s T h e Cult

’
.

o f V e nu s th e r e is a co in o f P e rg a wh e r e Art e m is o f
,

P e rg a is r e p r e s e nt e d by a co nic al sto ne ( ph all ic ) fl ank e d

by a m an ( cl aim e d t o b e M e n ) and by a f e m al e figur e
( cl a im e d to b e Art e m is ) M . e n ( t h e so c a
-
ll e d L u n u s ) is

fou n d upo n an A t t ic b as r e l ie f app ar e ntly w ith t he sp e ar

-

but fu nd am e nt ally a sc e ptr e w ith a p h all ic s ignific anc e ,

fl ank e d by P an w ith a club ( ph allu s ) and a fe m al e

figur e ? 2
T h e tr ad it io n al r e pr e se nt at io n o f t h e C ru c ifie d
fl ank e d by Joh n and M ary is clo s e ly asso c iat e d w ith th is
c ircl e o f id e as p r e c ise ly as is t he C ruc ifie d w ith t h e
,

th ie v e s F rom th is w e se e h o w b e s id e t he S un th e r e
.
, ,

e m e rg e s ag ain and ag ain t h e much m o r e p r im it iv e com

230 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
p ar iso n o f t h e l ib ido w ith t he ph allu s An e sp e c ial tr ac e .

st ill d e s e rv e s m e n t io n h e r e T h e Dad o ph o r C au t ap at e s
.

who r e pr e s e nt s M it hr a is als o r e p r e s e nt e d w ith t h e cock

,

an d t h e p in e appl e B ut th e s e are t h e attr ibut e s o f t h e

.

P hryg ian god M e n wh o s e cult w as w id e ly d iffu s e d M e n

, .

w as r e p r e s e nt e d w ith P il e us t he p ine appl e and t h e cock

76
, ,

also in t h e for m o f a boy ju st as t he Dado ph o re s are

,

b o y ish fi gur e s ( Th is l ast nam e d p rop e rty r e l at e s th e m

.
-

w ith M e n to t h e C ab ir i ) M e n h as a v e ry clos e co nne c

.

t io n w ith A t t is t h e so n an d lov e r o f Cyb e l e

,
I n t h e t im e .

o f t h e R o m an C ae s ars M e n and Att is w e r e e nt ir e ly id e n

,

t ifie d as st at e d abov e
,
A t t is also w e ars t h e P il e u s l ik e
.

M e n M ithr a and t h e Dado ph o re s As t he so n and lov e r

, .

o f h is moth e r h e ag ain l e ads u s to t h e sou rc e o f th is

r e l ig io n cr e at ing inc e st l ib ido nam e ly to t h e moth e r ;

-
, ,

I n c e st l e ads log ic ally t o c e r e m o nial c astr at io n in t h e

Att ic Cyb e l e cult fo r t h e H e ro dr iv e n in s ane by his
-
, ,

m o t h e r m ut il at e s h im s e l f
, I m u st at p r e s e nt for e g o
.
76

e nt e r in g mo r e d e e ply into th is m att e r b e c aus e t h e in c e s t ,

pr o bl e m is to b e d is cuss e d at t h e clos e L e t th is sugge s .

t io n suffi ce—th at fro m d iffe r e nt d ir e ct io ns t h e analys is

o f t h e l ib ido symbol is m alw ays l e ads b ack ag ain to t h e
m oth e r inc e st Th e r e for e w e m ay sur m is e t h at t h e lo ng
.
,

ing o f t h e l ib ido r ais e d to G od ( r e pr e ss e d into t h e u n

co nsc ious ) is a pr im it iv e in c e stuou s o ne wh ich co n c e r ns
,

t h e moth e r . Through r e no u nc ing t h e v ir il ity to t h e first

b e lov e d t h e m oth e r t h e fe m in in e e l e m e nt b e c o m e s e x
, ,

t re m e ly p r e dom in ant ; h e n c e t h e stro n gly an drogy n ou s

ch ar act e r o f t he dy ing and r e su rr e c t e d R e d e e m e r Th at .

t h e s e h e ro e s a re n e a rly alw ays w and e r e rs is a psycho

23 2 P S YCH OLOGY O F TH E U N C ON S C I OU S

And h ad st t ho u sw um t o fart he st v e rge o f o ce an

And t he re t he b o u nd l ess sp ac e b e he l d ,

S t ill h ad st t ho u see n w av e aft e r w av e in m o t io n ,

E v e n t hough im pe nd ing d o o m t hy fe ar c o m pe l l e d
—
.

T ho u h ad st se e n so m e t h ing in t he b e ry l d im
O f p e ac e l ull e d
-
se as, t he sp o rt iv e d o l ph ins sw im ;
H ad st see n t h e fl y ing c oul d s su n m o o n and S t ar ;
, ,

N o ugh t sh al t t ho u se e in e n d l ess V o id afar

N o t he ar t hy foo t st e p fall , no r m e e t
A st ab l e spo t t o re st t hy fe e t .

H e re ,
k
t a e t his key !
T he K ey w il l sc e nt t he t ru e p l ac e fro m al l o t h e rs ;
Fo l low it d ow n ! Tw ill l e ad t hee t o t he M o t he rs
’
.

D esce nd t hen ! I c oul d al so say : A sc end !

Tw e re all t he sam e E sc ape fro m t he Creat ed
’
.

T o sh ape l ess fo rm s in l ib e rat e d sp ac e s !

E nj o y w hat l ong e re t h is w as d issip at e d !
T he re w h irl s t he p re ss l ike c l ou d s o n c l o u d s u nfo l d ing ;
,

The n w it h st re t c he d arm sw ing h igh t h e key t ho u rt hol d ing ! ’

At l ast a b l az ing d t e l l s t he e t h is
t rip o ,
78

T h at t h e re t h e u t t e rl y d ee p e st b o t t o m is .

I t s l igh t t o t hee w il l t h e n t he M o t he rs show ,

S om e in t he ir se at s, t he o t h e rs st an d or g ,
o

At t h e ir o w n w ill : F o rm at io n T ransfo rm at ion , ,

T he E t e rnal M ind s ’
e t e rn al rec re at io n,

F o rm s o f a ll C re at u re s, —h t fl o at ing
e re are fre e .

T he y ll ’
se e t h ee n o t ! fo r o nl y w rait h s t h e y se e .

So p l uc k up he art ,
—h t e d ange r t he n is g re at .

G o t o t he t ripo d e re t hou h e sit at e ,

”
And t ouc h it w it h t he key .
 CHA P T E R V

S Y M B O L I S M O F TH E M O TH E R A N D O F
RE B I R TH

TH E v is io n follow ing t he cr e at io n o f t h e h e ro is de
s cr ib e d by M iss M ill e r as a thro ng o f p e opl e Th is .

r e pr e s e nt at i o n I s k nown to u s from dr e am int e rp r e t at io n

as b e in g abov e all t h e sy m bol o f myst e ry F r e ud
1
, , .

th inks th at th is cho ic e o f sy m bol is d e t e rm ine d o n ac

cou nt o f it s po ss ib il ity o f r e pr e s e nt ing t h e id e a T h e .

b e ar e r o f t h e m yst e ry is pl ac e d in oppo s it io n to t he mult i

tud e o f t he ignor ant Th e p o sse ssio n o f t h e mys t e ry c uts
.

o ne O
f
f f r o m int e rc o urse wit h t he re st o f m a nkind . Fo r
a v e ry co m pl e t e and smooth r app ort w ith t he su rrou nd
I ngs 1 3 o f gr e at impo rt an c e fo r t h e m anag e m e nt o f t h e

l ib ido and t h e po sse ssio n of a sub j e c t iv e ly impo r t ant

s e cr e t
g e ne r a l ly c r e a t e s a g r e a t d is t ur b a.nc e I t m ay b e

s aid th at t h e whol e art o f l if e shr inks to t he o ne p robl e m

o f how t h e l ib ido m ay b e fr e e d in t h e m ost h arml e ss w ay
poss ibl e Th e r e for e t he n e u rot ic d e r iv e s sp e c ial b e ne fit
.
,

in tr e atm e nt wh e n h e c an at l ast rid h im s e lf o f h is v ar ious

s e cr e ts T h e sym bol o f t he crowd o f p e opl e ch ie fly t h e
.
,

str e am ing and mov ing m ass is as I h av e o ft e n s e e n

, , ,

subst itut e d fo r t he gr e at e xc it e m e nt in t h e unconsc iou s ,

e sp e c ially in p e rsons who are outw ardly c alm .

23 4 P SY CH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
Th e v isio n o f t h e thro ng d e v e l o p s fu rth e r ; hors e s
e m e rg e ; a b attl e is fough t W it h Silb e re r I m ight a cc e pt
.
,

t h e s ig nific an c e o f th is v isio n as b e lo ng ing fi r st o f al l in , ,

t he fu n ct io n al c at e gory b e c au s e fu nd am e nt ally t h e
, , ,

co n c e pt io n o f t h e int e r m ingl ing crowds is no th ing but t h e

sym bol o f t h e p r e s e nt o n rush o f t h e m ass o f thought ;
l ik e w is e t he b at t l e and p oss ibly t h e hors e s wh ich illu s
, ,

tr at e t h e m o v e m e nt T h e d e e p e r s ignific anc e o f t h e ap
‘

p e a r an c e o f t h e hors e s w ill b e s e e n fo r t h e first t im e in

t h e fu rth e r cou rs e o f ou r tr e at m e nt o f t h e m oth e r sym

h ol is m . T h e follow ing v is io n h as a m or e d e fi nit e and

s ignifi c antly imp o rt ant ch ar act e r M iss M ill e r s e e s a .

C ity o f D r e am s C ité de T h e p ictur e is

s im il ar to o ne sh e saw a short t im e b e fo r e o n t h e cov e r
o f a m ag az ine U n fortu n at e ly w e l e ar n noth ing fu rth e r
.
,

about it . O ne can e as ily im ag ine u nd e r th is C ité d e

Ré v e s a fulfill e d w ish dr e am th at is to say so m e th ing
, ,

v e ry b e aut iful and gr e atly lo ng e d fo r ; a sort o f h e av e nly

J e ru s al e m as t h e p o e t o f t h e Apo c alyps e h as dr e am e d it
,
.

Th e c ity is a m at e r n al sy m b o l a w o m an who fos t e rs t he

,

inh ab it ants as ch ildr e n I t is th e r e fo r e int e ll igibl e th at

.
, ,

t h e two m oth e r godd e ss e s R h e a and Cyb e l e both

, ,

w e ar t he w all cr o w n T h e O ld T e st am e nt tr e at s t h e
.

c it ie s o f J e ru s al e m B ab e l e t c as wom e n ( I s aiah
, , .
,

xlv 1 1 : 1

C om e d ow n and S it d ust O v irg in d aught e r o f B ab yl o n

in t h e , ,

sit o n t h e g ro u nd : t h e re is no t h ro ne O d au gh t e r o f t he C hal
,

d e ans ; fo r t ho u sh al t no m o re b e c all e d t e nd e r and d el ic at e T ak e .

t h e m il l st o ne s and g rind m e al ; u nc o v e r t hy l o c k s m ak e b are t he ,

l e g u nc ov e r t he t h igh p ass o v e r t h e riv e rs

, ,
T hat t hy nake d ness .
23 6 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OU S
hu sb and o f U rv ara but U rv ara m e an s , t h e f e rt il e

l and I n a s im il a r w ay t h e occup an cy o f a cou ntry by

“

t h e k ing w as u n d e rsto o d as m arr iag e w ith t he plough e d

l and S im il ar r e p r e s e nt at io ns must h av e p r e v ail e d in

.

E urop e as w e ll P r inc e s h ad to gu ar ant e e fo r e x ampl e

.
, ,

a goo d h arv e st at th e ir a cc e ss io n T h e S w e d ish K ing .

Do m al di w as actu ally k ill e d o n accou n t o f t h e f ailur e o f

t h e h arv e st ( Yn g l ing a s a ga I n t he R am a s ag a t he
h e ro R am a m arr ie s S it a t h e furrow o f t he fi e ld
, To ?

t h e s am e group o f id e as b e lo ngs t h e Ch ine s e cu stom o f

t h e E m p e ro r plough ing a fu rrow at h is asc e n s io n to t h e

thro ne Th is id e a o f t h e so il b e ing f e m inine al so e m

.

br ac e s t h e id e a o f co nt inu al comp anio nsh ip w ith t h e

wo m an a phys ic al com m u nic at io n S h iv a t he P h all ic
, .
,

G od is l ik e M ah ad e v a and P arw at i m al e and f e m al e

, , , .

H e h as e v e n g iv e n o ne h al f o f h is b ody to h is co nso rt
'

P arw at i as a dw e ll ing pl ac e I nm an g iv e s us a dr aw ing

.
6 4

o f a Pundit e o f Ardanari I sw ar a ; o ne h alf o f t h e go d

- -

is m ascul ine t h e oth e r h al f f e m inine and t he g e nit als

, ,

a re in co nt inuous coh ab it at io n T h e mot iv e o f co nt inu .

ous coh ab it at io n is e xp r e ss e d in a w e ll k now n l ing am -

sym bol wh ich is to b e fou nd e v e rywh e r e in I nd ian

,

t e m pl e s ; t h e b as e is a f e m al e sy m bol and w it h in th at is ,

t h e ph allu s T h e sy m bol app ro ach e s v e ry clo s e ly t h e

.
6

G r e c ian myst ic ph all ic b ask e t and ch e sts ( Co m p ar e w ith .

th is t h e E l e us inian m yst e r ie s ) Th e ch e st o r b ox is h e r e
.

a fe m al e sy m bol t h at is t h e m oth e r s womb

, ,
Th is is a ’
.

v e ry w e ll k nown co nc e p t io n in t h e old m ythol o g ie s T h e

-
.
6

ch e st b ask e t o r l ittl e b ask e t w ith it s pr e c ious co nt e nts

, , ,

w as thought o f as fl o at ing on t h e w at e r ; a r e m ark abl e

 SYM BOL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D OF REB I R T H 23 7

inv e rs io no f t h e natu r al fact th at t he ch ild fl o ats in t he

am niot ic flu id and th at th is is in t h e ut e ru s .

Th is inv e rs io n b r ings about a gr e at adv ant ag e for sub

l im at io n fo r it cr e at e s e n or m ous p os sib il it ie s o f appl i
,

c at io n for t h e m yth w e av ing ph ant asy th at is to say fo r

-

, ,

t h e anne x at io n to t h e sun cycl e T h e Sun fl o ats ov e r t h e .

se a l ik e an immort al god wh ich e v e ry e v e ning is im

,

m e rse d in t h e m at e r n al w at e r and is bor n ag ain r e ne w e d

in t he morn ing F rob e niu s s ays
.

P e rh aps in w it h t he b l oo d re d su nrise t h e id e a
c o nne c t io n -
,

occ u rs t hat he re a b irt h t ak es pl ac e t he b irt h o f a y o u ng so n ; t h e

,

qu est io n t he n arises inev it ab l y w he nc e c o m es t he p at e rnit y ? H ow

,

h as t he w o m an b eco m e p re g nant ? And sinc e t h is w o m an sym

b o l iz e s t he sam e id e a as t he fi sh w h ic h m e ans t he se a ( b e c ause
, ,

w e p ro c e e d fro m t he assu m p t io n t h at t he S u n d e sc e nd s int o t he

se a as w el l as arise s fro m it ) t hus t he c u riou s p rim it i e answ e r v
is t h at t h is se a h as p rev io usl y sw all ow e d t he ol d S un . C o nse
qu e nt ly t he re su l t ing m y t h is t h at t h e w o m an
, ( se a ) has fo rm e rl y
d ev o u re d t he S un an d no w b rings a new S u n int o t he w o rl d , and
”
t hus she has b eco m e p re g n an t .

All th e s e go ing gods are sun symbols Th e y are

e
s a-
.

e n clos e d in a ch e st o r an ark fo r t h e night j ou rn e y o n

t h e se a ( F rob e niu s ) o ft e n tog e th e r w ith a wom an

,

( ag ain an inv e rs io n o f t h e actu al s itu at io n but in sup ,

p ort o f t h e mot iv e o f co nt inu ous coh ab it at io n wh ich we ,

h av e m e t abov e ) D u r ing t h e night j ou r ne y o n t h e se a

.

t h e S un god is e n clo s e d in t h e moth e r s wo m b O ft e n

’
-
,

t im e s thr e at e ne d by d ang e r s o f al l k inds I nst e ad o f .

m any ind iv idu al e x ampl e s I w ill co nt e nt mys e lf w ith re

,
23 8 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E U N C ON S C I OUS

produc ing t h e s ch e m e wh ich F rob e niu s h as co nstru ct e d

fro m nu m b e rl e ss myths o f th is sort :
H e a t hair
-

West E ast
T o slip o u t
T o d e v o ur T o ope n
T o l and
7720
7} e m
g
e nt
( se a 7

F rob e niu s g iv e s t he follow ing l e g e n d to illu str at e th is

A he ro is d ev ou re d by a w at e r m o nst e r in t he We st ( t o
d e v ou r ) . T he anim al c arrie s h im w it h in h im t o t he E ast ( se a
j ou rne y ) . M e anw h il e ,
he k in d l e s a fi re in t he b el ly of t he

m o nst e r ( t o se t o n fi re ) and sinc e h e fe e l s hu ng ry h e cut s o ffa p iece

o f t he h ang ing he art ( t o c u t o ff t h e h e art ) . S oo n aft e r he no t ic e s

t h at t he fi sh g l id e s upon t he dry l and ( t o l an d ) h e imm e d iat e l y

b e g ins t o c u t o p e n t h e an im al from w it hin o u t w ar d s ( t o o p en )
t he n he s l id es out ( t o sl ip o ut ) . In t he fi sh
’
s b e l l y it h ad b een
,

so ho t , t h at al l h is h air h ad fal l e n out ( h e at h air)-

. T he he ro
fre que nt l y free s al l w h o w e re p rev io usl y d ev o u re d ( t o d evo u r al l )
and all n o w sl i e o u t d ( sl ip

A v e ry clos e p ar all e l is N o ah s j ou r ne y du r ing t he ’

fl ood in wh ich all l iv ing cr e atu r e s die ; only h e and t he l ife

,

gu ard e d by h im are b rought to a n e w b irth I n a M e l a .

p o lyn e s ian l e g e n d ( F rob e nius ) it is told th at t he h e ro in

t h e b e lly o f t h e K ing F ish to o k h is w e apo n and cut op e n

t h e fish s b e lly H e sl id out and saw a spl e ndor and

’
. ,

I wo nd e r wh e r e I am he
’
h e sat dow n and r e fl e ct e d
‘
. ,

s aid Th e n t h e sun ro se w ith a bou n d and tu r ne d from

.
2 40 P SY CH OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
typ ic al fr ag m e nt o f t h e sun m yth th at t h e h e ro wh e n ,

u nit e d w ith t h e w o m an att aine d w ith d iffi culty is e xpo s e d ,

in a c ask and throw n into t he se a and th e n l ands fo r a ,

n e w l if e o n a d ist an t shor e T h e m iddl e p art t h e night .

,

j ou r n e y o n t h e se a in t h e ark is l ack ing in t h e tr ad it io n ,

o f O gyg e s B ut t he rul e in m ythology is th at t he typ ic al

?

p arts o f a m yth c an b e u nit e d in all co nc e iv abl e v ar ia

t io ns wh ich adds gr e atly to t h e e xtr aord inary difli cul ty
,

o f t h e int e rp r e t at io n o f a p art icul ar myth w ithout k nowl

e dg e o f all t h e oth e rs T h e m e aning o f th is cycl e o f
.

m yths m e nt io ne d h e r e is cl e ar ; it is t h e lo ng ing t o a t t ain

’
r e b ir t h t h r o ug h t h e re t ur n t o t h e m o ther s w o m b , t h a t is
t o s ay, t o b e c o me as im m o r t al as t h e s un . Th is lo ng ing
fo r t h e moth e r is fr e qu e ntly e xp r e ss e d in ou r holy scr ip
tur e s I r e c all p art icul arly t h e pl ac e
?
,
in t h e e p istl e
to t h e G al at ian s wh e r e it is s aid ( iv : 2 6 )
,

( 26 ) B ut J e rusal em w h ic h is b
a ov e is fre e , w h ic h is t he

m o t he r o f u s all .

( 27 ) F o r it is w rit t e n, R ej o ic e ,
t ho u b arren b e are t h no t
t h at
°

b re ak fo rt h and c ry, t h o u t h at t rav ail e st n o t : fo r t h e d eso l at e h at h

m any m o re c h il d re n t h an sh e w hic h h at h an hu sb and .

( 28 ) N ow w e , b re t hre n ,
as I saac w as, are t he c h il d re n o f

p ro m ise .

( 29 ) B ut as he t h at was b o rn aft e r t h e fl esh p e rse c u t e d him

t h at w as b o rn aft e r t he S p irit , e v e n so it is now .

( 30 ) N ev e rt he l ess , w h at saye t h t he i t
sc r p u e
r ? C ast out t he

b o nd w om an an d he r so n ; fo r t h e so n o f a b o nd w o m an sh all no t

b e he ir w it h t he so n o f a fre ew o m an .

(3 ) 1 So , t he n , b re t h re n , we are no t c hi l d ren o f t he b o nd
w om an, b ut o f t he free .

Ch apt e r v :
 S Y M B OL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D OF REB I R TH 24 1

( )
1 S t and fast t he re fo re in t he l ib e rt y w he re w it h C hrist
”
h as m ad e us free .

T he Chr ist ians are t h e ch ildr e n o f t he C ity Abov e a ,

sy m bol o f t h e m oth e r no t so ns o f t he e ar t hly c ity moth e r

,
-
,

who is to b e c ast out ; fo r thos e b or n a ft e r t h e fl e sh are

oppos e d to thos e bor n a ft e r t h e sp ir it who are no t bor n ,

fro m t h e moth e r in t he fl e sh but fro m a sy m bol fo r ,

t h e moth e r O n e mu st ag ain th ink o f t h e I nd ian s at th is

.

p o int who say t h e fi rst p e opl e p ro c e e d e d fro m t h e sword

,

h ilt and a shuttl e T h e r e l ig iou s thought is bou nd up w ith

.

t h e co m puls io n to c all t h e moth e r n o lo ng e r m oth e r but ,

C ity S ourc e S e a e t c Th is co m pul s io n c an b e d e r iv e d

, , , .

fro m t h e ne e d to m anif e st an am ou nt o f l ib ido bou nd up

w ith t h e moth e r but in su ch a w ay th at t he m oth e r is
,

r e p r e s e nt e d by or co nc e al e d in a sy m bol The sym bol ism .

o f t h e c ity w e find w e ll d e v e lop e d in t he r e v e l at io ns o f

-

Joh n wh e r e two c it ie s pl ay a gr e at p art o ne o f wh ich

, ,

is insult e d and curs e d by him t h e oth e r gr e atly d e s ir e d , .

W e r e ad in R e v e l at io n ( xv ii : 1 )
( )
1 C om e h it her : I w ill sh e w u nt o t h ee t he j ud gm e nt of

t h e g re at w h o re t h at sit t e t h o n m any w at e rs .

( )
2 Wit h w ho m t he k ings o f t he e art h h av e c o mm it t e d fo rni
c at io n and t he inh ab it ant s o f t he e art h h av e b ee n m ad e d runk
w it h t h e w ine of he r fo rnic at io n .

(3) So he c arrie d me aw a y in t he sp irit int o t he wi l d e rness

an d I saw a w o m an sit on a sc arl e t l
c o o re d b e ast , fu l l o f t he

n am es o f b l asphe m y , and h av ing se v e n he ad s and t e n h o rns .

(4) And t he w o m an w as arra e y d in p u rp l e and sc arl e t c o l o rs,

and d e c ke d w it h go l d and p re c io u s st o ne s and p e arl s, h av ing a

g o l den c up
1 6
in he r h and fu l l b
o f a o m in at io ns an d fil t h ine ss of

he r fo rnic at io n
( 5) And up o n he r fo re he ad w as a n am e w rit t e n : M yst ery .
2 42 P SY CH OLOG Y O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
B ab y l o n t h e g re at . T he M o t he r of H ar l o t s a nd Ab o m inat io ns
o f t he E ar t h .

(6) And I d runk e n w it h t he b l oo d o f saint s

saw t h e w o m an ,

and w it h t he b l oo d o f t he m art y rs o f J e sus : an d w h e n I saw h e r

I w o nd e re d w it h a g re at ad m irat io n .

H e r e follows an int e rp r e t at io n o f t h e v is io n unint e l

l ig ibl e to u s fro m wh ich we c an o nly e m ph as iz e t h e po int
,

th at t h e s e v e n h e ads o f t h e dr ago n m e an s t he s e v e n
1 1

h ills upo n wh ich t h e wo m an s its Th is is p rob ably a dis .

t in ct allus io n to R o m e t h e c ity who s e t e m por al pow e r ,

oppr e ss e d t h e world at t h e t im e o f t h e R e v e l at io n T h e .

w at e rs upo n wh ich t h e wom an t h e moth e r s its are

p e opl e s and thro ngs and nat io ns and to ngu e s Th is .

also s e e ms to r e f e r to R om e fo r she is t h e moth e r o f ,

p e opl e s and po ss e ss e d all l ands Just as in commo n .

sp e e ch fo r e x am pl e colo nie s are c all e d d aught e rs so

, , ,

t h e p e opl e subj e ct to R om e are l ik e m e mb e rs o f a f am ily

subj e ct to t h e moth e r I n anoth e r v e rs io n o f t he p ictur e

.
,

t h e k ings o f t h e p e opl e n am e ly t h e f ath e rs comm it , , ,

fo r n ic at io n w ith th is moth e r R e v e l at io n co nt inu e s .

( xv iii : 2 )

(2) And he c rie d m igh t il y w it h a st ro ng v o ic e , sa y ing B ab y

,

l on t he G re at is fall e n, is fall e n , an d is b e com e t h e h ab it at ion o f

d ev il s ,
an d t he ho l d o f e v e ry fo ul sp irit , and a c age o f e v e ry

l
u nc e an and h at e fu l b ird .

3)
“
Fo r all n at io ns h av e d runk o f t he w ine of t he w rat h
”
of he r fo rn ic at io n .

Thus th is m oth e r do e s no t o nly b e co m e t he m oth e r o f

all abo m in at io n s but also in truth t h e r e c e pt acl e o f all
,

th at is w ick e d and u ncl e an Th e b irds are im ag e s o f .

2 44 P S YCH OLOG Y O F THE UN C ON S C I O U S
( 10 ) And he c arrie d m e aw ay in t he sp irit t o a g re at and

h ig h m o u nt ain , an d sh o w e d m e t h at g re at c it y t h e , ho l y J e ru sal e m ,

”
d e sc e nd ing o ut o f he aven fro m G o d, h av ing t h e gl o ry o f G o d.

I t is e v id e nt fr o m th is quot at io n ft e r all th at go e s b e , a

fo r e th at t h e C ity t he h e av e nly br id e who is h e r e

, , ,

p ro m is e d to t h e S o n is t h e m oth e r ”
I n B abylo n t he
,
.

im pu r e m aid w as c ast out a cco rd ing to t h e E p istl e to t he

,

G al at ians so th at h e r e in h e av e nly J e rus al e m t h e moth e r

,

b r id e m ay b e att aine d t he m o r e su r e ly I t b e ars w itn e ss .

to t he most d e l ic at e p sycholog ic p e rc e pt io n th at t he
fath e rs o f t h e chu rch who formul at e d t h e c anons p re
s e rv e d th is b it o f t h e symb ol ic s ignific anc e o f t he Chr ist
m yst e ry I t is a tr e asu r e hou s e fo r t h e ph ant as ie s and
.

m yth m at e r ials wh ich u nd e rl ie pr im it iv e Chr ist ianity .

T h e fu rth e r attr ibut e s wh ich w e r e h e ap e d upo n t h e b e av

e nl J e rus a l m m ak it s ig nifi c nc moth r ov e r
y e e s a e a s e

w h e lm ingly cl e ar

(1) And he shew e d m e a pu re v

ri e r o f w at e r l ife c l e ar
of ,

y
as c r st a l , p ro c e e d ing ou t o f t h e t h ro ne o f G o d an d o f t h e L am b .

(2) m id st t h e st re e t o f it , and o n e it h e r si e o f d
“
In t he of

t he riv e r , w as t he re t h e t re e of l ife , w h ic h b are t w e lv e m anne r

of fru it s, and y ie l d e d he r fru it ev e r y m o nt h , and t he l e av e s of

t he t re e w e re fo r t he he al ing o f nat io ns .

3) And t he re shal l b e no m o re c u rse .

I n th is quot at io n co m e upon t he sy m bol o f t h e

we
w at e rs wh ich we fou n d in t h e m e nt io n o f O gyg e s in co n
,

n e c t io n w ith t h e c ity T h e m at e r n al s ignific anc e o f w at e r

.

b e lo ngs to t h e cl e ar e st sy m bol is m in t h e r e al m o f my
t ho l o g y
”
so th at t h e an c ie nts could say : 77 fidl a o o a
,
' '

7 775
y e t 56 8 03 5
/ o ziufl o ll
1 o u fik F ro m w at e r com e s l if e ;
Th i th *
ym b l f b i t h
e se a s e s o o r .
 SYM BOL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D OF REB I R T H 2 45

th e r e fo r e o f t h e two g o ds wh ich h e r e int e r e st u s t h e m ost

, ,

Chr ist and M it hr a t he l att e r w as bor n b e s id e a r iv e r

, ,

acco rd ing to r e p r e s e n t at io n s wh il e Chr is t e xp e r ie n c e d h is

,

ne w b irth in t h e Jo rd an ; mor e ov e r h e is bor n fro m t h e ,

H ny rj
”
, t he s e m p it e r ni f o n s am o ris t he m oth e r o f ,

G od who by t h e h e ath e n Chr ist ian l e g e nd w as m ad e a

,
-

nymph o f t h e S pr ing T he S pr ing is also fou nd in

.

M it h rac ism A P anno nian d e d ic at io n r e ads

. F o nt i ,

p e r e nni .An inscr ipt io n in Apul ia is d e d ic at e d to t he

F o n s Ae t e rni I n P e rs ia Ardv iefi ra is t h e w e ll o f t h e
.
,

w at e r o f l if e Ardv icfira A nah it a is a godd e ss o f w at e r

.
-

and lov e ( ju st as Aphrod it e is bo r n fro m fo am ) T he .

ne o P e rs ians d e s ig nat e t h e P l ane t V e nu s an d a nub il e g irl

-

by t h e nam e N ah id I n t h e t e mpl e s o f A nait is th e r e

.

e x ist e d prost itut e H ie rodul e s ( h a rlots ) I n t h e S akae e n .

( in hono r o f A n a it is ) th e r e o ccu rr e d r itu al comb a ts a s

in t h e f e st iv al o f t he E gypt ian Ar e s and h is moth e r In .

t h e V e d as t h e w at e rs are c all e d M a t rit am a —

h t h e most
”
m at e rn al All th at is l iv ing r is e s as do e s t he sun from
.
,

t h e w at e r and at e v e ning plu ng e s into t h e w at e r

, B orn .

from t h e spr ings t h e r iv e rs t h e s e as at d e ath m an arr iv e s

, , ,

at t h e w at e rs o f t h e S tyx in o rd e r to e nt e r upo n t h e

n ight j ou r ne y o n t h e se a Th e w ish is th at t h e bl ack

.

w at e r o f d e ath m ight b e t h e w at e r o f l if e ; th at d e ath ,

’
w ith it s cold e mbr ac e m igh t b e t h e moth e r s wo m b j ust
, ,

a s h e se a d e vou rs t h e su n but b r ings it forth ag ain out

t ,

o f t h e m at e r n al wo m b ( Jo n ah mot iv e L if e b e l ie v e s
n o t in d eath .

In t he fl oo d o f l ife , in t he t o rre nt o f d ee d s ,

I t oss u p and d ow n ,
2 46 P SY CH OLOG Y OF TH E U N C O N S C I O U S
I am b l ow n t o and fro !
C rad l e and g rav e ,

An e t e rnal se a ;

A c h ang ing w eb
A gl ow ing l ife .
—G o e t he : F aust .

Th at Edit o r 8 09 775 t he wood o f l if e o r t he tr e e o f l if e is

, , ,

a m at e r n al sy m b o l would s e e m to follow from t h e p re

v io u s d e du ct io ns T h e e ty m olog ic co nne ct io n o f fire

.
,

8 71 77 11 18 5 in t h e I n d o G e r m an ic r o o t sugg e sts t h e bl e nd
, ,
-

ing o f t h e m e anings in t h e u n d e rly ing sy m bol is m o f

m o th e r and o f g e n e r at io n T h e tr e e o f l if e is p rob ably
.
,

fi rst o f all a fru it b e ar ing g e ne alo g ic al t r e e th at is a

,
-

, ,

m o th e r im ag e -
Cou ntl e s s m y t h s p r o v e t h e d e r iv at io n o f
.

m an fr o m tr e e s ; m any m yths S how h o w t h e h e ro is e n

cl s d
o e in h
t e m at e r n al tr e e — thus d e ad O s ir is in t h e
colu m n Ad o nis in t h e m yrtl e e t c N u m e rous f e m al e , .

d iv in I t I e s w e r e wo rsh ipp e d as tr e e s fro m wh ich r e sult e d ,

t h e cult o f t h e holy gr o v e s and tr e e s I t is o f tr ansp ar e nt .

s ignifi c an c e wh e n At t is c astr at e s h im s e lf u nd e r a p ine

tr e e i e h e do e s it b e c au s e o f t h e moth e r G odd e ss e s
, . . .

w e r e o ft e n wo rsh ipp e d in t h e form o f a tr e e o r o f a

wo o d Thu s Ju no o f Th e sp iae w as a br anch o f a tr ee
.
,

Ju no o f S amo s w as a bo ard Ju no o f Argo s w as a .

colu m n Th e C ar ian D iana w as an u ncu t p ie c e o f wood

. .

Ath e ne o f L indus w as a pol ish e d colu m n T e rtull ian .

c alls C e r e s o f P h aros rud is p alu s e t in for m e l ignum

s ine e ffi g ie Ath e nae u s r e m arks o f L at o n a at D al o s th at
.

sh e is 5 151 1 9 7 ci aop gi o a sh ap e l e ss p ie c e o f wood

'

2 v
, .

T e rtull ian c alls an At t ic P all as cru c is st ip e s a wo o d e n ,

p al e o r m ast T h e wood e n p al e is ph all ic as t h e nam e

.
,
2 48 P S YCH OLOG Y O F TH E U N C ON S C I OUS
21 331 5
“
H e w ho o p e ns up t h e sw e e t , w ho l ist e ns to ou r ca ll s
, t he
ru dd y o ne , b e au t iful h el m e t m ay he no t
w it h t he , g iv e u s ov e r

to t h e p o w e rs o f j e al o u sy .

( 6) I h av e b ee n re j o ic e d b y t he b ul l c o nnec t e d
“
w it h M aru t ,

t he su pp l ic at ing o ne w it h st ro ng fo rc e of l ife .

(8) S o und t h e p o w e rfu l so ng o f p raise t o t h e ru dd y b ul l to

t h e w h it e sh ining o ne ; w o rsh ip t h e fl am ing o ne w it h h o no r, w e
sing o f t h e sh ining b e ing R u d ra .

M ay R u d ra s ’
m issil e ( arro w ) no t be u se d on u s, m ay t he

g re at d isp l e asu re o f t he sh inin g o ne p ass u s b y : U nb e nd t he fi rm

( w r ard arro w ) fo r t he p rinc es t ho u w ho b l esse st w it h
b o o h ?
,

t h e w at e rs o f t hy b o d y ( g e ne rat iv e st re ng t h ) b e g rac io u s t o o u r ,

c hil d re n and g rand c hil d re n

” 26
.

In th is w ay we p ass from t he r e alm o f m oth e r sym

h ol ism imp e rc e pt ibly into t he r e al m o f m al e ph all ic
sym bol ism Th is e l e m e nt also l ie s in t h e tr e e e v e n in
.
,

t h e f am ily tr e e as is d ist in ctly show n by t h e m e diwv al

,

f am ily tr e e s F rom t h e first anc e stor th e r e grows up

.

w ard in t he pl ac e o f t h e m e mbru m v ir il e t he tru nk

, ,

o f t h e gr e at tr e e T h e b is e xu al sy m b o l ic ch ar act e r o f t h e
.

tr e e is int im at e d by t h e f act th at in L at in tr e e s h av e a
m ascul ine t e r m inat io n and a f e m inine g e nd e r T he ? 7

fe m inine ( e sp e c ially t h e m at e r nal ) m e aning o f t h e for e st

and t h e ph all ic s ig nific an c e o f tr e e s in dr e am s is w e ll

know n I m e nt io n an e x am pl e
. .

I t co nc e r n s a wom an who h ad alw ays b e e n ne rvou s ,

and who a ft e r m any y e ars o f m arr iag e b e c am e il l as a

, ,

r e sult o f t h e typ ic al r e t e nt io n o f t he l ib ido S h e h ad t h e .

follow ing dr e am a ft e r sh e h ad l e ar ne d to know a you ng

m an o f m any e ng ag ing fr e e o p in io n s who w as v e ry pl e as
ing t o h e r : S h e fou n d h e rs e l f in a g ard e n wh e r e stood
 S Y M B OL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D OF REB I R TH 2 49

a r e m ark abl e e xot ic tr ee w ith str ang e re d fl e shy fl ow e rs

o r fru its Sh e p ick e d th e m and at e t h e m Th e n to h e r
. .
,

horror sh e f e lt t h at sh e w as po iso ne d Th is dr e am id e a
,
.

m ay e as ily b e u n d e rstoo d by m e an s o f t h e ant iqu e o r

p o e t ic sy m bol ism so I c an sp ar e in for m at io n as to t h e
,

an alyt ic m at e r ial .

T h e doubl e s ignific anc e o f t h e tr e e is r e ad ily e xpl aine d

by t h e f act th at su ch symbols are no t to b e und e rstood
an atom ic ally but p sycholog ic ally as l ib ido symbols ;
th e r e fo r e it is no t p e r m iss ibl e to int e rp r e t t h e tr e e o n
,

accou nt o f it s s im il ar form as d ir e ctly ph all ic ; it c an also

b e c all e d a wom an o r t h e ut e ru s o f t h e moth e r T he .

u niform ity o f t h e s ignific anc e l ie s alon e in t h e s im il ar ity

” ’
to t he l ib ido O ne los e s o n e s w ay in o ne
. cul de sac
a ft e r anoth e r by s ay ing th at th is is t h e symbol subst itute d

fo r t h e moth e r and th at fo r t h e p e nis I n th is r e alm .

th e r e is n o fix e d s ignifi c an c e o f th ings T h e o nly r e al ity .

h e r e is t h e l ib ido fo r wh ich all th at is p e r ish abl e is

,
“

m e r e ly a sy m bol I t is no t t h e phys ic al actu al moth e r

.
,

b ut t h e l ib ido o f t h e so n t h e obj e ct o f wh ich w as o n c e

,

t h e moth e r W e t ak e m ytholog ic sym bols m u ch too con

.

cre t e ly an d wo n d e r at e v e ry st e p about t h e e n dl e ss con

t radict io ns Th e s e co ntr ad ict io ns ar is e o nly b e c au s e w e

.

co nst antly forg e t th at in t he r e al m o f ph ant asy f e e l ing

is all. Wh e ne v e r w e r e ad th e r e for e h I s m oth e r w as
, ,

”
a w ick e d so rc e r e r t h e tr an sl at io n is as follows :
, Th e
so n is in lov e w ith h e r n am e ly h e is u n abl e to d e t ach his
, ,

l ib ido fro m t he m o t h e r im ago ; h e th e r e f o r e su ffe rs from

-

inc e stuou s r e s ist anc e .

T h e symbol is m o f w at e r and tr e e s wh ich are m e t w ith ,

2 50 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
as furth e r attr ibut e s in t h e sy m bol o f t h e C ity also r e f e r ,

to th at am ou nt o f l ib id o wh ich u nco n sc iou sly is f ast e ne d

to t h e m oth e r im ag o
-
I n c e r t ain p arts o f R e v e l at io n
.

t h e u n co n sc iou s psychol o g y o f r e l ig ious lo ng ing is re

”
v e al e d n am e ly t he lo ng ing fo r t h e m o t h e r
, ,
T he e x .

p e c t at io n o f R e v e l at io n e n ds i n t h e m oth e r : u a i ” at

u a r cffi ej ua o zin é o r a z s r z
”
an d th e r e sh all b e n o m o r e
’
.

cu rs e Th e r e sh all b e no m or e s ins no r e p r e ss io n n o , ,

d ish ar m o ny w ith o ne s s e l f no gu il t no fe ar o f d e ath and

’
, ,

no p ain o f se p arat io n m o re !

Thu s R e v e l at io n e cho e s th at s am e r ad iant m yst ic al

h ar m o ny wh ich w as c aught ag ain y e ars l at e r and
e xpr e ss e d p o e t ic ally in t h e l a st p r ay e r o f D r M ar ianu s : .

P e nit e nt s ,
l oo k up , l
e at e ,

Whe re b e am s sal v at io n ;
s he
G rat e full y t o b l esse d fat e
G ro w ,
in re c re at o n i !
Be o u r so u l s, as t he y h av e b een ,

D e d ic at e t o t he e !
V irg in H o l y M o t he r Q ue e n
—G
, , ,

G o dd ess g rac io us b e !
, oe t he : F aust .

O ne pr in c ip al qu e s t io n ar is e s at t he s ight o f th is b e au t y
an d gr e at n e s s o f fe e l ing th at is wh e th e r t h e pr im ary
, ,

t e nd e ncy co m p e ns at e d by r e l ig io n is no t too narrowly

u nd e r stoo d as inc e stuou s I h av e p r e v iou sly obs e rv e d in
.

r e g ard to th is th at I c o ns id e r t h e r e sist anc e oppos e d t o

l ib ido as in a g e ne r al w ay c o inc id e nt w it h t h e inc e st p ro
h ib it io n I m u st l e av e op e n fo r t h e p r e se nt t h e d e fi nit io n
.

o f t h e p sych o l o g ic al in c e st c o n c e pt io n H ow e v e r I w ill .
,

h e r e e m ph as iz e t he p o int t h at it is m ost e sp e c ially t he

2 52 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E U N C ON S C I OUS
r e l ig io ns th is cou rs e is n o w r ais e d to a syst e m O n th at
, .

a ccou n t it is e xc e e d ingly in stru c t iv e to se e how r e l ig ion

t ak e s p ain s to furth e r th e s e sy m bol ic tr an s f e r e nc e s .

T h e N e w T e st am e n t fur nish e s u s w ith an e xc e ll e nt e x

am pl e in r e g ard to th is N icod e m us in t h e sp e e ch re
.
,

g ard ing r e b irth c annot forb e ar und e rst and ing t he m att e r
,

v e ry r e al ist ic ally .

J o h n iii : 4
(4) H ow c an a m an b e b o rn w h e n h e is o l d ? C an h e e nt e r
”
a se c o n d t im e in t o h is m o t h e r s w o m b ,
’
an d be b o n
r ?

B ut J e sus e nd e avors to r ais e into pur ity t h e s e nsuou s

v ie w o f N icod e m us s m ind m ould e d in m at e r ial ist ic
’

h e av ine ss ,
an d annou n c e s to h im —r e ally t he —
s am e and
y e t n o t t he s am e :

(5) V e ril y , v e ri ly ,
I say u nt o t h e e , E x c e pt a m an b e b o rn of

w at e r an d o f t he sp irit , he c ann o t e nt e r int o t he k ing d om of

G od .

( 6) T hat w h ic h is b o rn of t he fl esh is fl esh : and t h at w h ic h

is b o rn o f t h e sp irit is sp irit .

(7)
“
M arv el no t t h at I sai d u nt o t he e , Y e m u st b e b o rn
ag ain .

(8) T he w in d b low e t h w h e re it l ist e t h , an d t h o u he are st t he

so u n d t he reo f, b ut c anst no t t el l w he nc e it c om e t h an d w hit he r

it go e t h ; so is y
e v e r o ne t h at is b o rn of t he sp irit .
”

To b e b o r n o f w at e r m e an s s im ply to b e bor n fro m t h e

’
m oth e r s wo m b T o b e bor n o f t h e sp ir it m e an s t o b e
.

bor n fro m t h e fru c t ify in g br e at h o f t h e w ind ; t h is w e

l e ar n fro m t h e G r e e k t e xt ( wh e r e sp ir it and w in d are ex
p r e ss e d by t h e sam e word fl V e fi fl a ) r d y sy e r u nue r o v ,
f
’

d§ fp 5 56
’

7 6 y cy e z V nue t in
'
eu 1 7 5 6 a p n 6 c 1 11 g nu t 1 / / OV 1 0 1)
 SYMB OL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D OF REB I RT H 253

I
” r e v /t a r o; n u s v ua
I 9

S G T ZV .
—
T O m f e v yua o u ou
I

He ll s z n v e z, *

Th is symbol ism ro s e from t h e s am e ne e d as th at wh ich

p roduc e d t h e E gypt ian l e g e nd o f t h e vultu r e s t he moth e r ,

symbol Th e y w e r e o nly f e m al e s and w e r e f e rt il iz e d by

.

t h e w ind O ne r e cog niz e s v e ry cl e arly t h e e th ic al de

.

m and as t he fou nd at io n o f th e s e mytholog ic ass e rt io ns

tho u m us t s ay o f t he m o t he r t h a t s h e w as no t impr e g
na t e d by a m o r t al in t h e
d inary way, b ut b y
or a spirit ual

b e ing in an unusual m anne r Th is d e m and

st ands in .

str ict oppos it ion to t h e r e al truth ; th e r e for e t he myth ,

is a fitt ing solut ion O ne c an say it w as a h e ro who d ie d

.

and w as bo r n a g ain in a r e m ark abl e m anne r and in th is ,

w ay att aine d im m ort al ity T h e ne e d wh ich th is d e m an d

.

as s e rts is e v id e ntly a p roh ib it ion ag ain st a d e fi nit e ph an

t asy co nc e r ning t he moth e r A so n m ay n atur ally th ink .

th at a fath e r h as g e ne r at e d h im in a c ar nal w ay but no t ,

th at he h ims e lf im pr e gn at e d t h e m oth e r and so c aus e d

h ims e l f to b e bor n ag ain into r e ne w e d youth Th is in .

c e st uo us ph ant asy wh ich fo r som e r e a so n p os se ss e s an

”
e xtr aord in ary str e ngth and th e r e fo r e app e ars as a
, , ,

compulsory w ish is r e p r e ss e d and co n form ing to t he

, ,

abov e d e m an d u nd e r c e r t ain co nd it io n s e xp r e ss e s i e
,
ts lf ,
‘

ag ain sy m bol ic ally

,
co nc e r ning t h e p robl e m o f b irth o r
, ,

r ath e r co nc e r ning ind iv idu al r e b irth from t he m oth e r .

I n Je su s s ch all e ng e to N icod e m us w e cl e arly r e cogniz e

’

t h is t e nd e n cy : Th ink no t c ar n ally o r thou art c ar n al ,

but th ink symbol ic ally th e n art thou sp ir it , I t is e v id e nt .

H

* Th t a wh i ch i b
s o rn of t h e fl e sh is fl e sh an d t h at wh i ch is b o rn of

th e sp i i t
r is s pi it ; th
r e sp i r t i bl ow e t h w h e re it l i st eth .
2 54 P SY CH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OU S
how e xtr e m e ly e duc at iv e and d e v e lop ing th is co m puls io n
tow ard sym bol ism c an b e N ic o d e m u s w o uld r e m ain fix e d
.

in low co m m o npl ac e s if h e d id n o t su cc e e d in r aising h im

s e l f t hrough sy m b ols ab o v e t h is r e p r e s se d in c e st u o u s
d e s ir e As a r ight e ou s ph il ist ine o f cultur e h e p rob ably
.
,

w as n o t v e ry anx iou s fo r t h is e ffort b e c aus e m e n s e e m

,

r e ally to r e m ain s at isfi e d in r e pr e ss ing t he inc e s t uou s

l ib ido and at b e st to e xp r e s s it by so m e m od e st r e l ig iou s
,

e x e rc is e s . Y e t it s e e m s to b e im por t ant o n t h e oth e r

,

s id e th at m an should n o t m e r e ly r e nou nc e and r e pr e s s

,

and th e r e by r e m ain fir m ly fix e d in t h e in c e stuou s bo n d ,

but th at h e should r e d e e m th o s e dy n am ic fo r c e s wh ich

l ie bou n d up in in c e st in o rd e r to fulfil h im s e lf F o r m an
, .

ne e ds h is whol e l ib ido to fill out t h e b ou n d ar ie s o f h is

,

p e rso nal ity and th e n fo r t h e first t im e h e is in a c o nd i

, , ,

t io n to do h is b e st . Th e p aths by wh ich m an m ay m ani

fe st h is in c e stuou sly fix e d l ib ido s e e m to h av e b e e n
po int e d out by t h e r e l ig ious m ytholog ic sym b ols O n th is .

a ccou nt J e su s t e ach e s N icod e m u s : Thou th ink e st o f

t hy in c e st uou s w ish fo r r e b irth but thou m u st th ink th at
,

t hou art bor n fro m t h e w at e r an d t h at thou art g e ne r at e d

”
by t h e br e ath o f t h e w ind and in th is w ay thou sh al t
,

sh ar e in e t e r nal l ife .

Thu s t h e l ib ido wh ich l ie s in act iv e in t h e inc e stuou s

bo nd r e p r e s se d and in f e ar o f t h e l aw and t he av e ng ing
F at h e r G o d c an b e l e d ov e r into subl im at io n t hrough t h e
sym bol o f b apt is m ( b irth fro m w at e r ) and o f g e ne r at io n
( s p ir it u al b irth ) through t h e sy m bol o f t h e d e sc e n t o f t h e

Holy G ho st Thu s m an b e co m e s a ch ild ag ain and is

.
34

b or n into a c ircl e o f broth e rs an d s ist e rs ; but h is moth e r

254 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
ho w ex t r e m e ly e duc at iv e and d e v e lop ing th is co m puls io n
tow ard sy m b o l is m c an b e N ic o d e m u s w o uld r e m ain fix e d
.

in low c o m m o npl ac e s if h e d id no t su cc e e d in r ais ing h im

s e l f through sy m b o ls abov e t h is r e p r e ss e d in c e s t u o u s
d e s ir e As a r ight e ou s ph il ist ine o f cul t ur e h e p rob ably
.
,

w as n o t v e ry anx ious fo r th is e ffort b e c aus e m e n s e e m

,

r e ally to r e m ain s at isfi e d in r e pr e ss ing t he inc e stu ou s

l ib ido and at b e st to e xp r e ss it by so m e m od e st r e l ig iou s
,

e x e rc is e s .Y e t it s e e m s to b e im port ant o n t h e oth e r

,

s id e th at m an should n o t m e r e ly r e nou n c e and r e pr e s s

,

and th e r e by r e m ain fir m ly fix e d in t h e in c e stuou s bo nd ,

but th at h e should r e d e e m th o s e dyn am ic fo r c e s wh ich

l ie bou n d up in in c e st in o rd e r to fulfil h im s e lf F o r m an
, .

ne e ds h is whol e l ib ido to fill out t h e b ou nd ar ie s o f his

,

p e rso nal ity and th e n fo r t h e first t im e h e is in a co nd i

, , ,

t io n to do his b e st . T h e p aths by wh ich m an m ay m ani

fe st his in c e stuou sly fix e d l ib ido s e e m to h av e b e e n
po int e d out by t h e r e l ig ious m ytholog ic symbols O n th is .

a ccou n t J e su s t e ach e s N icod e m u s : Thou th ink e st o f

t hy in c e st uou s w ish fo r r e b irth but thou must th ink th at
,

thou art bo r n fro m t h e w at e r and th at thou art g e ne r at e d

”
by t he br e ath O f t he w ind and in th is w ay thou sh alt
,

sh ar e in e t e rnal l if e .

Thu s t he l ib ido wh ich l ie s inact iv e in t h e inc e stuou s

bo n d r e p r e ss e d and in f e ar o f t h e l aw and t he av e ng ing
F ath e r G od c an b e l e d ov e r into subl im at io n through t h e
symbol o f b apt is m ( b ir t h fro m w at e r ) and o f g e ne r at io n
sp i r itu l b irth through h e sy m bol o f t h e d e sc e n t o f t h e
( a ) t

Holy G ho st Thus m an b e co m e s a ch ild a g ain and is

.
64

b o r n into a c ircl e o f broth e rs and s ist e rs ; but h is moth e r

 SYM BOL I S M OF M O T H ER AN D O F REB I R T H 255

is t he com mu nio n o f t h e s aints t h e church and his

, ,

c ircl e o f broth e rs and s ist e rs is hu m anity w ith who m h e is ,

u nit e d ane w in t h e co m m o n inh e r it anc e o f t h e p r im it iv e

symbol .

I t s e e ms th at at t h e t im e in wh ich Chr ist ianity h ad it s

o r ig in th is pro c e s s w as e sp e c ially n e c e ss ary ; for th at
p e r iod as t h e r e sult o f t h e in cr e d ibl e co ntr ast b e tw e e n
,

sl av e ry and t h e fr e e dom o f t h e c it iz e n s and m ast e rs h ad ,

e nt ir e ly lo st t h e co n sc iou s ne ss o f t h e commo n bo n d o f

m ank ind O ne o f t h e ne xt and most e ss e nt ial r e aso ns fo r

.

t h e e ne rg e t ic r e gr e ss io n to t h e in f ant il e in Chr ist ianity ,

wh ich go e s h an d in h and w ith t he r e v iv al o f t h e inc e st

p robl e m w as p rob ably to b e fou nd in t h e far r e ach ing
,
-

d e p r e c iat io n o f wom e n At th at t im e s e xu al ity w as so

.

e a s ily att ain abl e th at t h e r e sult could o nly b e a v e ry e x

c e ssiv e d e pr e c iat io n o f t h e s e xu al Obj e ct T h e e x ist e nc e .

o f p e rso nal v alu e s w as first d is cov e r e d by Chr ist ianit y ,

and th e r e are m any p e opl e who h av e no t d iscov e r e d it

e v e n in t h e p r e s e nt d ay How e v e r t h e d e p r e c iat io n o f
.
,

t h e s e xu al obj e ct h in d e rs t h e outfl ow o f th at l ib ido wh ich

c annot b e s at isfi e d by s exu al act iv ity b e c au s e it b e lo ngs

,

to an alr e ady d e s e xu al iz e d h igh e r o rd e r ( I f it w e r e .

no t so a Do n Ju an could ne v e r b e ne u rot ic ; but t h e con

,

t rary is t h e c as e ) F or how m ight tho s e h igh e r v al ua

.

t io ns b e giv e n to a worthl e ss d e sp is e d obj e ct ? Th e r e

,

f o r e t h e l ib ido a ft e r h av ing s e e n a H e l e n in e v e ry
, ,
“

wom an for so lo ng a t im e s e ts o ut o n a s e arch fo r t h e

”
,

d iffi cult to obt ain t h e wo rsh ipp e d but p e rh ap s unat t ain

, ,

a bl e
,
go al an d
,
wh ich in t h e u n co n sc ious is t h e moth e r .

Th e r e fo r e t he sym bol ic ne e ds b ase d o n t h e inc e st r e s ist

,
256 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
c
an e , a r is e ag ain in an incr e as e d d e gr e e wh ich promptly ,

tr an sfor m s t h e b e aut iful s in ful world o f t h e O lym p ian

,

G ods into inco m p r e h e n s ibl e dr e am l ik e d ark m yst e r ie s

, , ,

wh ich w ith th e ir acc e ss io ns o f sym bols and obscur e m e an

,

ing ful t e xts r e m ov e u s v e ry far fro m t h e r e l ig iou s

,

f e e l ings o f th at R o m an G ree c o world Wh e n w e se e

-
.

how m uch troubl e J e su s took to m ak e acc e pt abl e to N ico

d e m u s t h e sym b ol ic p e rc e pt io n o f th ings t h at is to say , ,

r e ally a r e p r e ss io n and v e il ing ov e r o f t he actu al f acts ,

and how I mport ant it w as fo r t h e h istory o f c iv il iz at io n

in g e ne r al th at p e opl e thought and st ill th ink in th is

,

w ay th e n w e u nd e rst an d t h e r e volt wh ich is r ais e d e v e ry

,

wh e r e ag ainst t h e psycholog ic d iscov e ry o f t h e tru e b ack

grou n d o f t h e ne urot ic o r nor m al sym bol ism Alw ays .

and e v e rywh e r e w e e n cou nt e r t h e od ious r e al m o f s e xu al

ity wh ich r e p r e s e nts to al l r ight e ou s p e opl e o f to d ay

,
-

so m e th ing de fil e d How e v e r l e ss th an
.
, y e ars h av e
p ass e d s inc e t he r e lig iou s cult o f s e xu al ity w as m o r e o r
l e ss op e nly in full bloo m To b e sur e th e y w e r e h e ath e n
.
,

and d id no t kn ow b e tt e r but t h e n atur e o f r e l ig iou s p ow e r

,

do e s no t ch ang e fro m cycl e to cycl e I f o ne h as o nc e re .

c e iv e d an e f fe ctu al im pr e ss io n o f t h e s e xu al co nt e nts o f
t h e an c ie nt cults and if o ne r e al iz e s o ne s e l f th at t h e re
,

lig io us e xp e r ie n c e th at is t h e u nio n
, , w it h t he G od o f
35

ant iqu it y w as u nd e rsto od by ant iqu ity as a m or e o r l e ss

,

co n cr e t e co itus th e n truly o ne c an n o lo ng e r f ancy th at

,

t h e m o t o r forc e s o f a r e l ig io n h av e sudd e nly b e co m e

wholly d iffe r e nt s in c e t h e b irth o f Chr ist E x actly t h e .

s am e t h ing h as o ccurr e d as w ith t h e hyst e r ic who at first

indulg e s in so m e qu it e u nb e aut iful infant il e s e xu al m ani
,
25 8 P S YCH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS

int e nt io ns . W e must comm e n c e to ov e rcom e ou r v irtu

o usne ss w ith t h e c e rt ain f e ar o f f all ing into b as e ne s s on
t h e oth e r s id e .Th is is c e rt ainly tru e fo r v irtuous ne ss is
,

alw ays inw ardly comp e n s at e d by a gr e at t e nd e n cy tow ards

b as e ne ss ; and how m any pro fl ig at e s are th e r e who in

w ardly p r e s e rv e a m awk ish v irtu e and mo r al m e g alo
m ania ? B oth c at e gor ie s o f m e n tur n out to b e s nob s
wh e n th e y com e in co nt act w ith analyt ic p sychology b e ,

c aus e t h e mor al m an h as I m ag ine d an obj e ct iv e and ch e ap

v e rd ict o n s e xu al ity and t h e u nmor al m an is e nt ir e ly un
aw ar e o f t h e vu lg ar ity o f h is s e xu al it y an d o f h is in c a

p a c ity for an u n s e lfish lov e O n e c

. o m pl e t e ly forg e ts th at

o ne c an m ost m is e r ably b e c arr ie d aw ay no t o nly b y a

,

v ic e but also by a v irtu e Th e r e is a f an at ic o rgiast ic

, .

s e l f r ight e ous ne ss wh ich i s j ust as b as e and wh ich e nt ails

-

j u st as mu ch inj ust ic e and v iol e nc e as a v ic e .

At th is t im e wh e n a l arg e p art o f m ank ind is b e g in

,

n in g to d isc ard Chr ist ianit y it is wo rth wh il e to u n d e r

,

st an d cl e arly why it w as o r ig in ally acc e pt e d I t w as ac .

c e p t e d in o rd e r to e sc ap e at l ast from t h e brut al it y o f

ant iqu ity . AS soo n as w e d isc ard it l ic e nt iousn e ss re

,

tur ns as im pr e ss iv e ly e x e mpl ifi e d by l ife in ou r l arg e

,

m od e r n c it ie s .Th is st e p is n o t a forw ard st e p but a ,

b ackw ard o ne I t is as w ith ind iv idu als who h av e l aid

.

a s id e o n e f o r m o f tr an s fe r e n c e and h av e no n e w o ne .

W it hout f ail th e y w ill o ccupy r e gr e s siv e ly t h e old p ath

o f tr an s fe r e n c e to th e ir gr e at d e tr im e nt b e c au s e t he
, ,

world arou nd t h e m h as s in c e th e n e ss e nt ially ch ang e d

"

H e who is r e p e ll e d by t h e h isto r ic al and ph ilosoph ic al

w e akn e ss o f t h e Chr ist ian dogm at ism and t he r e l ig iou s
 SYM BOL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D OF REB I R TH 2 59

e mpt ine s s o f an h istor ic al J e su s o f whos e p e rso n we k now

,

n oth ing and whos e r e l ig ious v alu e is p artly T al m ud ic ,

p artly H e ll e nic w isd o m and d isc ards Chr ist ianity and
, ,

th e r e w ith Chr ist ian m o r al ity is c e rt ainly co n fro nt e d w ith

,

t h e anc ie nt probl e m o f l ic e nt ious ne ss Tod ay t h e ind i

.

v idu al st ill f e e ls h ims e lf r e str aine d by t h e publ ic hypo

cr it ic al op inio n and th e r e for e pr e f e rs to l e ad a s e cr e t
, , , ,

s e p ar at e l if e but publ icly to r e pr e s e nt mo r al ity I t

, .

m ight b e d iffe r e nt if m e n in g e ne r al al l at o nc e fou nd t he

mor al m ask too dull and if th e y r e al iz e d how d ang e r
,

o u sl
y th e ir b e a sts l ie I n w ait fo r e ach oth e r a nd th e
, n

truly a fr e nzy o f d e m o r al iz at io n m ight sw e e p ov e r hu

'

m anity Th is is t he dr e am t h e w ish dr e am o f t he
.
, ,

m o r ally l im it e d m an o f tod ay ; he forg e ts ne c e ss ity wh ich ,

str angl e s m e n and rob s th e m o f th e ir b r e ath and wh ich ,

w ith a st e r n h and int e rrupts e v e ry p as s io n .

I t m ust no t b e im put e d to m e th at I am w ish ing to

r e f e r t h e l ib ido b ack by an alyt ic al r e duct io n to t h e p r im i
t iv e al m ost co nqu e r e d st ag e s e nt ir e ly fo rg e tt ing t h e f e ar
, , ,

ful m is e ry th is would e nt ail fo r hu m an ity I nd e e d som e .

,

ind iv idu als would l e t th e m s e lv e s b e tr an sp ort e d by t h e

old t im e fr e nzy o f s e xu al ity from wh ich t h e bu rd e n o f
-
,

g u ilt h a s b e e n r e mov e d to th e
,
ir o w n gr e at e st d e tr im e n t .

B ut th e s e are t h e o ne s who u nd e r oth e r c ircu m st anc e s

would h av e p r e m atu r e ly p e r ish e d in som e oth e r w ay .

How e v e r I w e ll know t h e most e ffe ctu al and most ine x

,

o rab l e r e gul ato r o f hu m an s e xu al ity Th is is ne c e ss ity

. .

W ith th is l e ad e n w e ight hum an lust w ill ne v e r fly to o

h igh .

To d ay th e r e are cou ntl e ss ne uro t ics who are so s imply

-
2 60 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E U N C ON S C I O U S

b e c au s e th e y do no t know how to s e e k h app ine ss in th e ir

o wn m anne r . Th e y do n o t e v e n r e al iz e wh e r e t he l ack
l ie s And b e s id e s th e s e n e urot ics th e r e are m any mor e
—
.

n orm al p e opl e and p r e c is e ly p e opl e o f t h e h igh e r ty p e

who f e e l r e str ict e d and d isco nt e nt e d F o r all th e s e re

.

duct io n to t h e s e xu al e l e m e nts should b e u nd e rt ak e n in ,

o rd e r th at th e y m ay b e r e inst at e d into t h e poss e ss ion o f

th e ir pr im it iv e s e l f and th e r e by l e arn to know and v alu e
,

it s r e l at io n to t h e e nt ir e p e rso nal ity . I n th is w ay alon e

c an c e rt ain r e qu ir e m e nts b e fulfill e d and oth e rs b e re

p u d ia t e d as u n fit b e c au s e o f th e ir in f an t il e ch a r a ct e r . I n

th is way t he ind iv idu al w ill com e to r e al iz e th at c e rt ain

th ings are to b e s acr ific e d although th e y are acco m
,

p lish e d
, b u t in a n o t h e r s p h e re W . e im a g in e th a t w e h a v e

lo ng r e nou nc e d s acr ifi c e d and cut o ff ou r inc e st w ish

, ,

and th at noth ing o f it is l e ft B ut it do e s no t o ccu r to u s

.

th at th is is no t tru e but th at we u nco nsc iou sly comm it

,

inc e st in anoth e r t e rr itory . I n r e l ig iou s sy m bols fo r ,

e x ampl e , we com e across in c e st

”
. W e co n s id e r t h e in
ce st uo us w ish v anish e d an d lo st and th e n r e d iscov e r it
,

in full forc e in r e l ig ion Th is p roc e ss o r tr an s fo rm at io n

.

h as t ak e n pl ac e u n co n sc iously in s e cul ar d e v e lopm e nt .

Ju st as in P art I it is shown th at a s im il ar u nco nsc iou s

tr ans form at io n o f t he l ib id o is an e th ic ally worthl e ss po s e ,

and w ith wh ich I comp ar e d t h e Chr ist ianit o f e a rly

y
R om an ant iqu ity wh e r e e v id e ntly l ic e nt iou s ne ss and bru
,

t al ity w e r e stro ngly r e sist e d so h e r e I m u st r e m ark in

,

r e g ard to t h e subl im at io n o f t h e in c e stuou s l ib ido th at ,

t h e b e l ie f in t h e r e l ig iou s sy m b o l h as c e as e d to b e an

e th ic al id e al ; but it is an u n co nsc io u s tr an s f o rm at ion o f

2 62 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E UN CO N S C I O U S

p o l e o n, th at t he good G od is alw ays o n t he s id e o f t he

h e av ie st art ill e ry .

T h e r e l ig iou s m yth m e e ts us h e r e as o ne o f t h e gr e at e st
and mo st s ig nific ant hu m an in st itut io n s wh ich d e sp it e ,

m isl e ad ing symbols ne v e rth e l e s s g iv e s m an assur anc e and

,

str e ngth s o th at h e m ay not b e ov e rwh e lm e d by t h e

,

mo nst e rs o f t h e u niv e rs e T he symbol co ns id e r e d fro m

.
,

t h e st andpo in t o f actu al truth is m isl e ad ing ind e e d but

, , ,

it is psyc h o l o g ic al ly t rue } b e c aus e it w as and is t h e br idg e

2

to al l t h e gr e at e st ach ie v e m e nts o f hu m anity .

'

B ut th is do e s no t m e an to say th at th is u nco nsc iou s

w ay o f tr an s fo rm at io n o f t h e in c e st w ish into r e l ig iou s
e x e rc is e s is t h e o nly o ne o r t h e o nly po ss ibl e o ne Th e r e .

is also a co n s c iou s r e cognit io n an d u nd e rst and ing w ith

wh ich we c an t ak e p oss e ss io n o f th is l ib ido wh ich is
bou nd up in in c e st and tr ans form e d into r e l igiou s e x e r
c is e s so th at w e no lo ng e r ne e d t h e st ag e o f r e l ig iou s
symbol is m fo r th is e nd I t is th ink abl e th at inst e ad o f
.

do ing good to ou r f e llow m e n for t h e lov e o f Chr ist

-
, ,

w e do it from t he k nowl e dg e th at hu m anity e v e n as ou r ,

s e lv e s could no t e x ist if amo ng t h e h e rd t he o ne could

, , ,

no t s acr ific e h im s e lf fo r t h e oth e r This w o ul d b e t h e

.

c o urse o f m o r a l au t o no my, o fp f
er ect fr e e d o m ,
w h e n m an
c o ul d w it h o ut c o mpul sio n wish t h a t w h ic h h e m us t d o ,
a nd t h is fr o m kno w l e dg e , w it h o ut d e l usio n t hro ug h be
lie f in t h e r e l ig io us sym b o l s .

I t is p o s it iv e cr e e d wh ich k e e p s u s infant il e and

a ,

th e r e for e e th ic ally in fe r ior Although o f t h e gr e at e st

, .

s ignific anc e fro m t he cultu r al po int o f V ie w and o f im

p e r ish abl e b e auty fro m t h e ae sth e t ic st andp o int th is ,
 SYM BOL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D OF REB I R T H 2 63

d e lus io n c an no lo ng e r e th ic ally su flic e hu m an ity str iv ing

a ft e r m or al auto nomy .

T h e infant il e an d mor al d ang e r l ie s in b e l ie f in t he

sym bol b e c au s e through th at we gu id e t h e l ib ido to an
im ag inary r e al ity . Th e s im pl e ne g at io n o f t h e symbol
ch ange s noth ing fo r t he e nt ir e m e nt al d ispo s it ion re
,

m ain s t h e s am e ; we m e r e ly r e mov e t h e d ang e rou s obj e ct .

B ut t h e obj e ct is no t d ang e rou s ; t h e d ange r is ou r o wn

in f ant il e m e nt al st at e fo r lov e o f wh ich we h av e lost
,

som e th ing v e ry b e aut iful and ing e n ious through t he

s im pl e ab ando nm e nt o f t he r e l ig iou s symbol I th ink .

b e lie f s h o ul d b e r e pl ac e d b y und e rs t anding ; th e n we

would k e e p t h e b e auty o f t he symbol but st ill r e m ain
,

fr e e from t he d e p r e ss ing r e sults o f subm iss ion to b e l ie f .

Th is would b e t he psycho an alyt ic cu r e fo r b e l ie f and dis

b e l ie f
.

T he v is ion follow ing upon th at o f t h e c ity is th at o f a

“
str ang e fir tr e e w ith gnarl e d b r anch e s . Th is v is io n
do e s no t s e e m e xtr ao rd inary to u s a ft e r al l th at we h av e
l e ar ne d o f t he tr e e o f l if e and it s asso c i at i o n s w ith t he
c ity and t h e w at e rs o f l if e Th is e sp e c ial tr e e s e e ms
.

s imply to cont inu e t he c at e gory o f t he m oth e r symbols .

T he attr ibut e str ang e prob ably s ignifi e s as in dr e ams

, ,

a sp e c ial e mph as is th at is a sp e c ial und e rly ing compl e x

, ,

m at e r ial Un fortun at e ly t he autho r g iv e s us no ind i

.
,

v idu al m at e r ial fo r th is As t h e tr e e alr e ady sugg e st e d

.

in t h e symb ol ism o f t h e c ity is p art icul arly e mph as iz e d

’

through t h e furth e r d e v e lop m e nt o f M iss M ill e r s v is ion s

’
2 64 P S YCH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS

h e r e I find it n e c e ss ary to d iscu ss at som e l e ngth t he his

,

tory o f t h e sym bol ism o f t h e tr e e .

I t is w e ll k nown th at tr e e s h av e pl ay e d a l arg e p art in

t h e cult myth from t h e r e mot e st t im e s T h e typ ic al myth
.

tr e e is t h e tr e e o f p ar ad is e o r o f l if e wh ich w e d iscov e r
abu n d antly us e d in B abylo nian and also I n J e w ish lo r e ;

and in p r e chr ist ian t im e s t h e p ine tr e e o f Att is t h e tr e e

, ,

o r tr e e s o f M ithr a ; in G e rm anic mythology Y gdr as il ,

and s o o n . T h e h ang ing o f t h e Att is im ag e o n t h e p ine

tr e e ; t he h ang ing o f M arsy as wh ich b e c am e a c e l e br at e d
,

art ist ic mot iv e ; t h e h ang ing o f O d in ; t h e G e rm anic h ang

—
ing sac rifice s ind e e d t h e whol e s e r ie s o f h ang e d gods
,

t e ach e s us th at t h e h ang ing o f Chr ist on t h e cro ss is no t

a u niqu e o c c urr e nc e in r e l ig iou s mythology but b e lo ngs,

to t h e s am e c ircl e o f id e as as oth e rs I n th is world o f .

im ag e ry t he cro ss o f Ch r ist is t h e tr e e o f l if e and e qu ally ,

t h e woo d o f d e ath . Th is contr ast is not astound ing .

Just as t h e or igin o f m an from tr e e s w as a l e g e nd ary id e a ,

s o th e r e w e r e als o bur ial cu sto m s in wh ich p e opl e w e r e

,

bu r ie d in hollow tr e e s F rom th at t he G e rm an l an gu ag e
.

r e t ains e v e n no w t h e e xpr e ss io n Tot e nb au m ( tr e e o f

d e ath ) fo r a c o flin K e e p ing in m ind t h e fact th at t h e
.

tr e e is pr e dom inantly a m oth e r sym b ol th e n t h e myst ic ,

s ignific an c e o f th is m anne r o f bu r ial can b e in no w ay

in compr e h e n s ibl e to u s Th e d e ad are d e liv e re d b ac k t o
.

t h e m o t h e r fo r r e b ir t h W e e n cou nt e r th is sym bol in

.

t h e O s ir is myth h and e d dow n by P lut arch ? wh ich is in

6
, ,

g e ne r al t yp ic al in v ar iou s asp e c t s R h e a is p r e gnant w ith

, .

O s ir is ; at t h e s am e t im e also w ith I s is ; O s ir is and I s is

m at e e v e n in t h e m oth e r s wo m b ( mot iv e o f t h e n ight
’
2 66 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
form o f myth would b e im p oss ibl e to d ay b e c au s e c o -

h ab it at io n w ith t h e s ist e r b e in g inc e stuou s would b e

, ,

r e p r e ss e d T h e w ick e d Typho n e nt ic e s O sir is cr a ft ily

.

into a box o r ch e st ; th is d istort io n o f t h e tru e st at e o f

affairs is tr an sp ar e n t The
. o r ig in al sin c aus e d m e n to
w ish to go b ack into t h e moth e r ag ain th at is t h e in , ,

c e st uo us d e s ir e fo r t h e m oth e r c o n d e m ne d by l aw is t h e
, ,

ru s e supp os e dly inv e nt e d by Typ ho n T h e f act is t h e .

,

rus e is v e ry s ig nific an t M an tr ie s to s ne ak into r e b irth

.

through subt e r fug e in o rd e r to b e com e a ch ild ag ain .

An e arly E gypt ian hy m n e v e n r ais e s an accus at io n

ag ain st t h e m oth e r I s is b e c aus e sh e d e stroys t h e sun god -

R é by tr e ach e ry I t w as int e rpr e t e d as t h e ill w ill o f t h e

.
.
‘

moth e r tow ards h e r so n th at sh e b anish e d and b e tr ay e d

him T he hy m n d e scr ib e s how I s is fash io n e d a s nak e
.
,

put it in t h e p ath o f R6 and h o w t h e s nak e wou nd e d t h e

,

sun go d w ith a po iso nou s b it e

-
fro m wh ich wou nd h e ,

n e v e r r e cov e r e d so th at fi n ally h e h ad to r e t ir e o n t he
,

b ack o f t h e h e av e nly cow B ut t h is cow is t h e cow .

h e ad e d godd e ss ju st as O s ir is is t h e bull Ap is T h e
,
‘

moth e r is accu s e d as if sh e w e r e t he c aus e o f m an fly ing

to t h e moth e r in o rd e r to b e cu r e d o f t h e wou nd wh ich
sh e h ad h e rs e lf in fl ict e d Th is wou nd is t h e p roh ib it io n
.

o f in c e st M an is thu s cut o ff from t h e hop e ful c e r

.
46

t ainty o f ch ildho o d and e arly y o uth fro m al l t h e unco n ,

s c iou s inst in ct iv e h app e nings wh ich p e r m it t h e ch ild to

,

l iv e as an app e nd ag e o f h is p ar e nts u nco n sc iou s o f him ,

s e lf Th e r e m u st b e co nt aine d in th is m any s e n s it iv e
.

m e m or ie s o f t h e an im al ag e wh e r e t h e r e w as no t any
,

thou sh alt and thou sh alt no t but al l was just ,

,
 SYM BOL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D OF REB I R T H 2 67

s im pl e o ccu rr e n c e E v e n ye t a d e e p anim o sit y s e e m s t o

.

l iv e in m an b e c aus e a brut al l aw h as se p ar at e d h im fro m

“

t h e inst in ct iv e y ie ld ing t o h is d e s ir e s an d fr o m t h e gr e at

b e auty o f t h e h ar m o ny o f t h e anim al n at ur e Th is s e p a .

r at io n m anife st e d its e l f am o ng o t h e r th ing s in t h e inc e st

, ,

p roh ib it io n an d it s corr e l at e s ( l aws o f m arr iag e ,

th e r e fo r e p ain and ang e r r e l at e to t h e m oth e r as if she ,

w e r e r e spo ns ibl e fo r t h e d o m e st ic at io n o f t h e sons o f

m e n I n ord e r no t to b e com e co n sc iou s o f h is inc e st w ish
.

( hi s b a ckw a rd h ark in g to t h e anim al n atur e ) t h e so n ,

t hrows all t h e bu rd e n o f t h e gu ilt o n t h e m oth e r fr o m ,

wh ich ar ise s t h e id e a o f t h e t e rr ibl e m oth e r“ ”

T he .
46

m oth e r b e co m e s for him a sp e ctr e o f anx ie ty a night ,

m ar e .

A ft e r t h e compl e t e d night j ou r n e y to t h e se a t h e ,

ch e st o f O s ir is w as c ast ashor e by B yblos and l ay in t h e ,

b r anch e s o f an E r ic a wh ich gr e w arou nd t he c o flin and

,

b e c am e a spl e nd id tr e e T h e k ing o f t h e l and h ad t h e

.

tr e e pl ac e d as a colu m n u nd e r h is D u r ing th is
p e r iod o f O s ir is s ab s e n c e ( t h e w int e r sol st ic e ) t h e l am e nt
’

cu sto m ary du r ing th o u sands o f y e ars fo r t h e d e ad god

an d h is r e tu r n o ccu rs and it s ,
i s a f e ast o f j oy .

A p ass ag e fro m t h e m ou r n ful qu e st o f I s is is e sp e c ially

n ot e worthy :

S he fl u t t e rs l ik e a l
sw al o w l am e nt ing aro u n d t he l
c o u m n,
”
w h ic h l
e nc o se s t h e g o d sl e e p ing in d e at h .

( Th is s am e m o t iv e r e t ur n s in t h e K y f
f h au se r s ag a ) .

L at e r o n Typho n d ism e m b e r s t h e corps e and sc att e rs

t h e p ie c e s W e com e up o n t h e m o t iv e o f d ism e m b e r
.
2 68 P SY CH OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
m e nt in cou ntl e ss sun m yths n am e ly t h e inv e rs io n o f
49
, ,

t h e id e a o f t h e comp os it io n o f t h e ch ild in t h e moth e r s

’

womb .I n f act t h e moth e r I s is coll ects t h e p ie c e s o f

50
,

t h e body w ith t h e h e lp o f t he j ack al — h e ad e d A nub is ( She .

fi nds t h e corp s e w ith t h e h e lp o f dogs ) H e r e t he no c .

t u rn al d e vour e rs o f bod ie s t h e dogs and j ack als b e com e

, ,

t h e ass ist ants o f t h e co m p o s it io n o f t h e r e produ ct io n ,

.

T h e E gypt ian vultur e ow e s it s symbol ic m e aning as

m oth e r to th is ne c ro p h ag ic h ab it I n P e rs ian ant iqu ity t h e
.

corp s e s w e r e thrown out fo r t h e dogs to d e vou r j u st as ,

to day in t he I nd ian fu ne r al pyr e s t h e r e m ov al o f t h e

-

c arc ass e s is l e ft to t h e vultur e s P e rs ia w as f am il iar w ith

.

t h e custom o f l e ad ing a dog t o t h e b e d o f o ne dy ing ,

wh e r e up o n t h e l att e r h ad to pr e s e nt t he dog w ith a mor

sel f?
T h e custo m o n it s sur f ac e e v id e ntly s ignifi e s th at
, ,

t h e mo rs e l is to b e lo ng to t h e dog so th at h e w ill sp ar e ,

t h e body o f t h e d e ad pr e c is e ly as C e rb e ru s w as sooth e d
,

by t h e ho ne y c ak e s wh ich H e rcul e s g av e to h im in t h e
-

j our ne y to h e ll B ut wh e n w e b e ar in m ind t he j ack al

.

h e ad e d A nub is who r e nd e r e d h is goo d s e rv ic e s in t h e

g ath e r ing tog e th e r o f t h e d is m e m b e r e d O s ir is and t h e ,

moth e r s ignific anc e o f t h e vultur e th e n t h e qu e st io n ar is e s,

wh e th e r so m e th in g d e e p e r w as n o t m e ant by th is c e r e
m o ny .C re u z e r h as als o co n c e r n e d h im se lf w ith th is id e a ,

an d ha s co m e to t h e c o n clu s io n t h at t h e a str al for m o f

t h e dog c e r e m o ny th at is t h e app e ar an c e o f S ir ius t h e

, , ,

dog st ar at t h e p e r iod o f t h e su n s h igh e st p os mo n I S

,
’
,

r e l at e d to t h is in t h at t h e introduct io n o f t h e do g h as a
co m p e ns atory s ignific anc e d e ath b e ing th e r e by m ad e re
, ,
F R U C T I F I CA T I O N F O LLO W I N G U PO N TH E M I T H RA I C S A CRI F I C E
 SYM BOL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D O F REB I R TH 2 69

v e rse dl y, e qu al to t he su n s h igh e st pos it io n Th is is

’
.

qu it e in co n for m ity w ith p sych o l o gic thought wh ich re ,

sul t s fro m t h e v e ry g e n e r al fact th at d e ath is int e rp r e t e d

’
as e ntr an c e into t h e moth e r s womb ( r e b irth ) Th is in .

t e rp re t at io n would s e e m to b e supp ort e d by t h e oth e r

w is e e nigm at ic fu nct io n o f t h e dog in t he S acrificium

M it h riacum I n t h e mo nu m e nts a dog al w ays l e ap s up
.

up o n t he bull k ill e d by M ithr a How e v e r th is s acr ific e

.
,

is p rob ably to b e int e rp r e t e d through t h e P e rs ian l e g e nd ,

as w e ll as through t h e mo nu m e n t as t h e mom e n t o f t h e ,

h ig h e s t f e c undity T h e most b e aut iful e xpr e ss io n o f th is

.

is s e e n upo n t h e m agnific e nt M ithr a r e l ie f o f H e dde rn

h e im U po n o ne s id e o f a l arg e sto ne sl ab ( form e rly
.

p rob ably rot at ing ) is s e e n t h e st e r e o t yp e d ov e rthrow ing

and s acr ific e o f t h e bull but upo n t h e oth e r s id e st ands
,

S o ] w ith a bunch o f gr ap e s in h is h and M ithr a w ith

, ,

t h e co r nu cop ia t h e Dad o p h o re s w ith fru its corr e spo nd

, ,

ing to t he l e g e nd th at al l f e cu nd ity p ro c e e ds from t h e

d e ad bull o f t h e world fru its from t he ho r ns w ine from
, ,

it s blood gr ain from t h e t ail c attl e from it s sp e rm a l e e k

, , ,

fro m it s no s e and so o n
, S ilv anu s st an ds abov e th is
.

s c e n e w ith t he anim als o f t he for e st ar is ing from h im .

Th e s ignific anc e susp e ct e d by C re uz e r m ight v e ry e as ily

b e lo ng to t h e dog in th is con ne ct io n L e t u s no w tu r n .
53

b ack to t h e myth o f O s ir is I n sp it e o f t he r e stor at io n o f

”

t h e co rp s e acco m pl ish e d by I s is t h e r e su sc it at io n su cc e e ds
,
.

o nly inco m pl e t e ly in so far as t h e ph allu s o f O s ir is c an not

ag ain b e p rodu c e d b e c au s e it w as e at e n by t h e fish e s ;
,

t h e pow e r o f l if e w as w ant ing O s ir is as a ph antom

.
54

o nc e mor e impr e gnat e d I s is but t he fru it is H arpocr at e s

, ,
 2 70 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E UN C ON S C I OUS
who w as fe e bl e in 1 0 2; u air co fie v y v io zs ( in t h e low e r ‘

l im b s ) th at is corr e sp o nd in g to t h e s ignific an c e o f
, ,

y v to v
( at t h e fe e t ) ( H e r e a s is pl a in ly e v
. id e n t fo o t , ,

is us e d in t h e ph all ic m e anin g ) Th is i n cu r ab il ity o f t h e .

s e tt ing sun c o r r e sp o nd s t o t h e in cur ab il ity o f R6 in t h e

abov e m e n t io n e d old e r E gypt ian su n hy m n
-
O s ir is al .
,

though o nly a ph anto m, n o w p r e p ar e s t h e you ng sun his ,

so n Horu s for a b at t l e w ith Typh o n t h e e v il sp ir it o f

, ,

d arkne ss O s ir is and Horu s corr e sp o n d t o t h e f ath e r

.

so n sy m bol is m m e nt io n e d in t h e b e g innin g wh ich sym ,

b o l ic figu r e c o rr e sp o n d in g a g ain t o t h e abov e fo rmul a

,

t io n is fl ank e d by t h e w e ll fo r m e d an d ugly figu r e s o f

,
55
-

H o rus and Ha rp o cr at e s ,t h e l att e r app e ar i ng m o stly as a

cr ippl e o ft e n r e p r e s e nt e d d istort e d to a m e r e c ar ic atu r e
, .

H e is c o n fu s ed in t h e tr ad it io n v e ry m uch w ith H oru s ,

w it h who m h e also h as t h e nam e in co mm o n Hor pi .

-

c h rud as his r e al n am e r e ads is co m po s e d fro m c h rud

57
, , ,

ch ild and H o r fro m t h e adj e c t iv e h ri

, ,
up o n top , ,

and s ignifi e s t h e up co m in g ch ild as t h e r is ing su

-
n an d , ,

opp os e d to O s ir is who p e rso nifie s t h e s e t t ing sun t he

,
—
sun o f t h e w e st Thus O s ir is and H o rpich rud o r Horu s
.

are o n e b e ing both husb an d an d so n o f t h e s am e moth e r

, ,

H athor I sis T h e Chnum Ra t h e sun g o d o f low e r

-
.
-
,

E gypt r e p r e s e nt e d as a ram h as at h is s id e as t h e f e m al e
, , ,

d iv inity o f t h e l and H at m e h it who w e ars t he fish o n h e r

, ,

h e ad Sh e is t h e m oth e r and w if e o f B i n e b did ( Ram

.
- -
,

loc al n am e o f Chnum Ra ) I n t h e hym n o f H ib is -

.
,

Amo n ra w as invok e d :
-

T hy ( C hum Ram ) d w e ll s in M e nd es u nit e d as t h e

-
,
quad
rupl e g o d T hm u is H e is t he p h al l us t h e l o rd o f t he g o d s
.
,
. T he
\
 2 72 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OU S
r e p r e s e nt e d w ith a st arry body and also as t h e h e av e nly ,

cow w ith a st arry body .

Wh e n t h e sun god l ittl e by l ittl e r e t ir e s o n t h e b ack

-
, ,

o f t h e h e av e nly cow just as poo r L az aru s r e tu r n s into

,

’
Ab r ah am s bosom e ach h as t h e s am e s ignific anc e ; th e y
,

r e tur n into t h e m oth e r in o rd e r to r is e as Horu s Thu s

,
.

it can b e s aid th at in t h e m or ning t h e godd e ss is t h e

m oth e r at noo n t h e s ist e r w if e and in t h e e v e ning ag ain
, ,
-

t h e m oth e r who r e c e iv e s t h e dy ing in h e r l ap r e m in d ing

, ,

us o f t h e P ie t a o f M ich e l ang e lo As show n by t he illu s .

t rat io n ( fro m Did e ro n s I co nogr aph ie Chrét ie nne

9 “

th is thought h as b e e n tr ans f e rr e d as a whol e into Chr is

t ianit y .

Thus t he fat e o f O s ir is is e xpl aine d : h e p ass e s into

’
t h e moth e r s wo m b t h e ch e st t h e se a
, t h e tr e e t he , , ,

colum n o f Ast art e s ; h e is d is m e m b e r e d re form e d and ,

-

r e app e ars ag ain in h is so n Hor p i ch ru d ,

- -
.

B e fo r e e nt e r ing upo n t h e fu rth e r myst e r ie s wh ich t h e

b e aut iful myth r e v e als to us th e r e is st ill much to b e s aid ,

about t h e symbol o f t h e tr e e O s ir is l ie s in t h e b r anch e s

.

o f t h e tr e e su rrou nd e d by th e m as in t h e moth e r s womb

, ,
’
.

Th e mot iv e o f e m b ra cing a nd e nt w ining is o ft e n fou nd

in t h e sun m y t hs m e aning th at it is t h e my t h o f re b irt h
,
.

A goo d e x am pl e is t h e S l e e p ing B e auty also t h e l e ge nd ,

o f t h e g irl who is e nclos e d b e tw e e n t h e b ark and t h e

tru nk b ut who is fr e e d by a y o uth w ith h is hor n
,
Th e .
63

hor n is o f gold and s ilv e r wh ich h ints at t h e su nb e am in ,

t h e ph all ic m e aning ( Co m p a r e.t h e p r e v iou s l e g e nd o f

t h e hor n ) An e x o t ic l e g e nd t e lls o f t he sun h e r o h o w h e

.
-
,

m us t b e fr e e d from t h e pl an t e ntw ining a rou nd him .

 SYM BOL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D OF RE B I R TH 273

A g irl dr e ams o f h e r l o v e r w h o h as f all e n into t h e w at e r ;

sh e tr ie s to s av e him but first h as to pull s e aw e e d and
,

se a gr a s s fro m t h e w at e r ; th e n sh e c atch e s h im
-
I n an .

Afr ic an m yth t h e h e ro a ft e r his ac t m ust first b e dise n

, ,

t angl e d fro m t h e s e aw e e d I n a P oly ne s ian myth t h e

.

h e ro s sh ip w as e nco il e d by t h e t e nt acl e s o f a g ig ant ic

’

polyp R é s sh ip is e nco il e d by a night s e rp e nt on it s

.
’

n ight j ou r n e y o n t h e se a I n t h e p o e t ic r e nd e r ing o f t he
.

’
h isto ry o f B uddh a s b irth by S ir E dw in Ar no ld T he
L ight o f As ia p 5 ) t h e mot iv e o f an e mbr ac e is also
, .

fou nd °

Q ue en M ay a st o o d at noo n he r d ays ful fi lle d

, ,

U nd e r a P al so in t he p al ac e g ro und s ,

A st at e l y t runk st raigh t as a t em p l e shaft

, ,

W it h c ro w n o f g l o ssy l e av e s and frag rant b l o o m s ;

—
An d k now ing t h e t im e c o m e fo r al l t h ing s k new
T he c o nsc io us t re e b e nt d ow n it s b o ughs t o m ak e
A b ow e r ab o u t Q uee n M ay a s m aj e st y : ’

And e art h p ut fo rt h a t housand su dd e n fl ow e rs

T o Sp re ad a c o u c h : W hil e re ad y fo r t he b at h
T he roc k h ard b y g av e o u t a l im p id st re am
O f c ry st al fl ow S o b ro ugh t she fo rt h t he c h il d
. .

W e co m e acros s v e ry s im il ar mot iv e in t he cult l e g e nd

a

o f t he S am ian H e r a Y e arly it w as cl aim e d th at t h e

.

im ag e d is app e ar e d fro m t h e te m pl e w as f ast e ne d som e,

w h e r e o n t h e s e ashor e o n a tru nk o f a L yg o s tr e e and

w o u nd about w ith it s b r an c he s T h e r e it w as fou nd
.
,

an d w as tr e at e d w ith w e dd in g c ak e Th is f e as t is un
-
.

doubt e dly a zep ds y d y o g ( r it u al m arr iag e ) b e c au s e in

'

S am o s t h e r e w as a l e g e nd t h at Z e u s h ad firs t h ad a lo ng
co nt inu e d s e cr e t lov e r e l at io n w ith H e r a I n P l at ae a .
“
2 74 P SY CH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
an d Arg o s t h e m arr iag e proc e ss io n w as r e p r e s e nt e d w ith
,

b r id e sm aid s,m arr iag e fe ast and so o n T h e fe st iv al took

, .

pl ac e in t h e w e dd ing m o nth F a fl rflt zcé v ”

( b e
“
g inn in g o f
F e bru ary ) . B ut in P l at ae a t h e im ag e w as p r e v io u sly
c arr ie d into a lo n e ly pl ac e in t h e wood ; app rox im at e ly
co rr e spo nd ing to t h e l e g e n d o f P lut arch th at Z e u s h ad
k id napp e d H e r a and th e n h ad h idd e n h e r in a c av e o f
C ith ae ro n A cco rd ing t o ou r d e duct io n s pr e v iou sly
.
,

m ad e w e m ust co n clud e fro m th is th at th e r e is st ill an

,

oth e r tr ain o f thought n am e ly t h e m agic ch arm o f

, ,

r e juv e nat io n wh ich is co n d e n s e d in t h e H ie ro sg am o s

, .

T h e d is app e ar an c e an d h id ing in t h e wood in t h e c av e , ,

o n t h e s e asho r e e ntw in e d in a w ill o w tr e e p o ints to t h e

, ,

d e ath o f t h e sun and r e b irth Th e e arly spr ingt im e .

F a p nk zcé v ( h t i f M rr i g i F bru ry fits i

t e m e o a a e
) n e a n
-

w it h th at v e ry w e ll I n f act P au s anias in for m s u s th at

.
,

t h e Arg iv an H e r a b e c a m e a m aid e n ag ain b y a ye ar ly

b a t h in t h e spring o f C a na t h o s T h e s ignific an c e o f t h e
.

b ath is e m ph as iz e d by t h e in f o r m at io n t h at in t h e
P l at ae ian cult o f H e r a T e l e ia T rit o n ian ny m phs app e ar e d
,

as w at e r c a rr ie rs
-
I n a t al e fr o m t h e I l iad wh e r e t h e
.
,

co njug al cou ch o f Z e u s upo n M ou nt I d a is d e scr ib e d it is ,

s aid

T he so n o f S at u rn k
sp a e , and t o o k h is W ife

I nt o h is arm s, W h il e u n d e rn e at h t h e p air ,

T he sac re d E art h t h re w u p h e r fre sh est h e rb s

T he d ewy l o t os and t he c ro c u s fl ow e r
,
-

An d t h ic k and so ft t he hy ac in t h Al l t he se .

U pb o re t hem fro m t he g ro u nd U p o n t h is c o uc h .

T he y l ay w hil e o e r t he m a b righ t g o l d e n c l o u d
,
’

G at he re d and she d it s d rops o f g l ist ening dew .

276 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
n a ril y str o ng m o th e r tr ans fe r e nc e dr e am s th at sh e h ad ,

t o g e t acr o ss s o m e d e e p w at e r ( typ ic al id e a! ) w it h th is

fr ie n d ; h e r fr ie nd fe ll in ( m o t h e r t r an sf e r e n c e ) ; sh e
tr ie s to dr ag h e r o ut an d al m ost su cc e e ds but a l arg e
, ,

cr ab s e iz e s o n t he dr e am e r by t h e fo ot and tr ie s to pull
h e r in .

E tym ology lso co nfi r m s th is co nc e pt io n : Th e r e is an

a

I ndo G e r m an ic root v e l u v e l w ith t h e m e aning o f e n

'
-

c ircl ing surrou nd ing tur ning

, F ro m th is is d e r iv e d
, .

S anskr it v al v al at i to cov e r to su rrou nd to e nc ircl e

, , , ,

to e n co il ( sy m b o l o f t h e s nak e ) v al l i cr e e p ing pl ant ;

ul zit a b o a co n str icto r
-
L at in v o l nt ns L ithu anian v e in
2
, ,

v e l ti w ic ke l n ( to roll up ) ; Chu rch S l avo n ian v lina

O ld H igh G e r m an w e l l a W e l l e ( w av e o r b ill o w ) To
,
Z .

t h e root v e l u also b e l o ngs t h e root v l v o w it h t h e m e an

'

ing cov e r cor iu m wo m b , ( Th e s e,

rp e n t o n a cc o u nt o f
.

it s c ast ing it s sk in is an e xc e ll e n t symbol o f r e b irth ) .

S an skr it ulv a ul b a h as t he s am e m e aning ; L at in v o lv a

, ,

To v e l u als o b e l o ngs t h e root ulv o ra

'

v o l v ul a v ul v a .
,
,

w it h t h e m e aning o f fru it ful fi e ld cov e r ing o r hu sk ,

o f pl ants sh e ath
, S anskr it urv ara sown fi e ld Z e nd
. .

urv ar a pl ant ( S e e t h e p e rs o nific at io n o f t h e pl ough e d

.

furrow ) T h e s am e ro ot v e l h as also t h e m e aning o f

.

w all e n ( to u ndul at e ) S an skr it ul m uka c o n fl ag ra .

t io n F a h s a F é lt a G o t h ic v ul a n
’
.
'
, w all e n ( to u n dul at e )
,
1

O ld H igh G e r m an and M iddl e H igh G e r m an w al m

h e at glow
, I t is typ ic al th at in t h e st at e o f inv o l u
.
68

t io n t h e h air o f t h e sun h e ro alw ays f all s ou t fro m t h e -

h e at Fu rth e r t he r o o t v e l is fo u nd w it h t h e m e aning
.

t o sou nd and to w ill t o w ish ( l ib id l )

69
, o , .
 SYM B OL I S M O F M O T H ER AN D O F REB I R TH 277

T h e m ot iv e of e nco il ing is m o t h e r
y m b o l ism Th is s .
70

is v e r ifi e d by t h e fact th at t h e tr e e s fo r e x am pl e b r ing , ,

forth ag ain ( l ik e t h e wh al e in t h e l e g e n d o f Jo nah ) .

Th e y do th at v e ry g e ne r ally thu s in t h e G r e e k l e g e nd ,

t h e M al ia : é /u p a fl o f t h e ash tr e e s are t h e m oth e rs o f

'

t h e r ac e o f m e n o f t h e I ro n Ag e I n no rth e r n m ythology .
,

Askr t h e ash tr e e is t he p r im it iv e fath e r H is w if e

, , .
,

E m bl a is t h e E m s ig e t h e a ct iv e o ne and no t as w as
, , , ,

e arl ie r b e l ie v e d t h e asp e n ,
As kr p rob ably m e ans in t h e
.
,

fi rst pl ac e t h e ph all ic sp e ar o f t h e ash tr e e ( Co m p ar e

,
.

t h e S ab ine custo m o f p art ing t h e br id e s h air w ith t h e

’

l anc e ) T h e B unde he sh sym bol iz e s t he fi rst p e opl e

.
,

M e sch ia and M e sc hiane as t h e tr e e Re iv as o ne p art o f , ,

wh ich pl ac e s a br anch in a hol e o f t h e oth e r p art T h e .

m at e r ial wh ich accord ing to t h e north e r n m yth w as ani

, ,

m at e d by t h e god wh e n h e cr e at e d m e n is d e s ignat e d 71

as t r e wood tr e e
2
,
I r e c all also {5M.
72
wood wh ich in 2:
,

L at in is c all e d m a t e ria I n t h e woo d o f t h e wo rld ash

’

,
.

Y gdr as il a hu m an p air hid th e m s e lv e s at t he e nd o f t h e

,

wo rld fro m whom spr ang t he r ac e o f t h e r e ne w e d

,

”
world . Th e N o ah m ot iv e is e as il y r e cogniz e d in th is
co n c e pt io n ( t h e night j ou r ne y o n t he se a ) ; at t he s am e
t im e in t h e sy m bol o f Y gdr as il a m oth e r id e a is ag ain
'

, ,

app ar e nt At t he m o m e nt o f t h e d e stru ct io n o f t he world

.

t he wo rld ash b e c o m e s t h e gu ard ian m oth e r t he tr e e

-
,

o f d e ath and l if e o ne é y u é it m o w fi
, Th is fu nc t io n o f
“ 74

r e b irth o f t h e w o rld ash also h e lp s t o e luc id at e t h e

-

r e pr e se nt at io n m e t w ith in t he E gypt ian B ook o f t h e

Me l i an Virg i ns l P re g nant
‘ '

. .
2 78 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
D e ad wh ich ,
is c all e d t he g at e o f k nowl e dg e o f t he

s o ul o f t he E ast

I am t he p il o t in t h e h o l y k e e l I am t he st ee rsm an w ho all o w s
,

n o re st in t h e sh ip o f Ré .
7 5
I k no w t h at t re e o f e m e ral d g re en
”
from w ho se m id st R a rises t h e h e igh t o f t h e c l o u d s
7 6
to .

S h ip tr e e o f t h e d e ad ( d e ath sh ip and d e ath tr e e )

and

are h e r e clo s e ly co nne ct e d T h e c o n c e pt io n is th at Ra

.
,

bor n fr o m t h e tr e e asc e nds ( O s ir is in t h e E r ik a ) T h e

,
.

r e p r e s e nt at io n o f t h e sun god M it hr a is p rob ably e x

-

pl aine d in t h e s am e w ay H e is r e pr e s e nt e d upo n t h e
.

H e dd e r n h e im r e l ie f w ith h al f his b ody ar is ing fro m t h e

,

top o f a tr e e ( I n t h e s am e w ay nu m e rou s oth e r m o nu

.

m e nts show M ithr a h alf e mb od ie d in t h e ro ck and illus ,

tr at e a ro ck b irth s im il ar to M e n ) F r e qu e ntly th e r e is
, .

a str e am ne a r t h e b irthpl ac e o f M ithr a Th is co n .

glo m e r at io n o f sym bols is also fou nd in t h e b irth o f

Asc h ane s t h e first S axo n k ing who gr e w fro m t h e H ar z
, ,

ro cks wh ich are in t h e m id st o f t h e woo d n e ar a fou n

,
7 7

t ain .
7 8
H e r e w e find all t h e m oth e r sym bols u nit e d
e arth wood w at e r thr e e for m s o f t ang ibl e m att e r
, , , We .

c an wo n d e r n o lo n g e r th at in t h e M iddl e Ag e s t h e tr e e

w as p o e t ic ally addr e ss e d w ith t h e t itl e o f ho n or m is ,

tr e ss . L ik e w ise it is no t asto nish ing th at t h e Chr ist ian

l e g e n d tr an s for m e d t h e tr e e o f d e ath t h e cr o ss int o , ,

t h e tr e e o f l ife s o th at Chr ist w as o ft e n r e pr e s e nt e d o n

,
.

a l iv ing and fru it b e ar ing tr e e -

Th is r e v e rs io n o f t h e
.

cr o ss sym bol t o t h e tr e e o f l if e wh ich e v e n in B abyl o n ,

w as an im po rt ant and au t h e nt ic r e l ig io us sy m b o l is al so ,

co n s id e r e d e nt ir e ly p rob abl e by Z Ockl e r an au t hor ity ,

79
 SYM B OL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D O F REB I R TH 2 79

on t he h istory o f t h e cro ss T h e p re Chr ist ian m e aning

.
-

o f t h e sy m bol do e s no t co ntr ad ict th is int e rp r e t at io n ; o n

t h e co ntr ary it s m e aning is l if e
, T h e app e ar anc e o f t h e
.

cro s s in t h e sun wo rsh ip ( h e r e t h e cross w ith e qu al ar m s ,

and t h e sw ast ik a cro ss as r e pr e s e n t at iv e o f t h e su n s

’
.

r ay s) as w e ll as in t h e cult o f t h e godd e s s o f lov e ( I sis

,

w ith t h e crux an s at a t h e rop e t h e sp e culu m v e ne r is 9

, , ,

in no w ay contr ad icts t h e p r e v iou s h istor ic al m e an

ing T h e Chr ist ian l e g e nd h as m ad e abu nd ant use o f th is
.

sy m bol is m .

T h e stud e nt o f m e d iae v al h istory is f am il iar w ith t h e

r e pr e s e nt at io n o f t h e cro s s grow ing ab ov e t h e gr av e o f
Ad am T h e l eg e nd w as th at Ad am w as bur ie d o n G ol
.

goth a S e th h ad pl ant e d o n his gr av e a br anch o f t h e

.

p ar ad is e tr e e wh ich b e c am e t h e cro s s and tr e e o f

,

d e ath o f Chr ist W e all k now th at through Ad am s

.
8° ’

gu ilt sin and d e at h c am e into t he world and Chr ist ,

through his d e ath h as r e d e e m e d u s from t h e gu ilt To .

t h e qu e st io n in wh at h ad Ad am s gu ilt cons ist e d it is s aid

’

th at t h e u np ardo nabl e sin to b e e xp iat e d by d e ath was

th at h e d ar e d to p ick a fru it fro m t h e p ar ad is e tr e e .

T h e r e sults o f th is are d e s cr ib e d in an O r ie nt al l e g e nd .

O ne to who m it w as p e r m itt e d to c ast o ne look int o

P ar ad is e a ft e r t h e f all saw t he t re e t h e re and t he fou r
'

str e ams B ut t he tr e e was w it h e r e d and in it s br anch e s

.
,

”
l ay an in f ant ( T h e .m oth e r h ad b e co m e p r e g n ant )
Th is r e m ark abl e l e g e n d corr e sp o n d s to t h e T al m ud ic
tr ad it io n th at Ad am b e for e E v e alr e ady p o ss e ss e d a
, ,

d e m o n w if e by nam e L il ith w ith who m h e quarr e l l e d fo r

, ,

m ast e rs h ip B ut L il ith r aised h e rs e l f int o t h e air through

.
280 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
t he m ag ic o f t h e nam e o f G o d and h id h e rs e lf in t h e se a .

Ad am forc e d h e r b ack w it h t h e h e lp o f t hr e e ang e l s .

L il it h b e c am e a night m ar e a L am ia w h o t hr e at e ne d tho s e
, ,

w ith ch ild and wh o k id n app e d t h e n e wb o r n ch ild T h e .

p ar all e l m yth is th at o f t h e L am ias t h e sp e ctr e s o f t he ,

n igh t who t e rr ifi e d t h e ch ildr e n

, T h e o r ig inal l e g e n d is
.

th at L am ia e nt ic e d Z e u s but t h e j e alou s H e r a how e v e r

, , ,

c au s e d L am ia to b r ing o nly d e ad ch ildr e n into t he world .

S in c e th at t im e t h e r ag ing L am ia is t h e p e rs e cut o r o f
ch ildr e n who m sh e d e stroys wh e r e v e r she c an Th is
, .

m o t iv e fr e qu e nt ly r e cu rs in f airy t al e s wh e r e t h e moth e r,

o ft e n app e ars d ir e ctly as a m urd e r e s s o r as a d e v o ure r

o f m e n; a G e r m an p ar ad igm is t h e w e ll k now n t al e o f
84
-

H ans e l and G r e t e l L am ia is actu ally a l arg e vo r ac iou s

.
,

fi sh wh ich e st abl ish e s t h e co nn e ct io n w ith t h e wh al e

,

dr ago n myth so b e aut ifully work e d out by F rob e niu s in ,

wh ich t h e se a mo nst e r d e vour s t h e sun h e ro fo r r e b irth -

and wh e r e t h e h e ro m ust e m ploy e v e ry str at ag e m to co n

qu e r t h e m o n st e r H e r e ag ain we m e e t w ith t h e id e a o f
.

t he t e rr ibl e m oth e r in t h e form o f t h e vo r ac iou s fi sh ,

t h e m o uth o f d e ath I n F rob e nius th e r e are nu m e r o u s

8 5
.

e x am pl e s wh e r e t h e m o n st e r h as d e vour e d no t o n ly m e n

but als o an im als pl ants an e nt ir e cou nt ry al l o f wh ich

, , ,

are r e d e e m e d by t h e h e ro to a gl o r iou s r e b irth .

T h e L am ia s are typ ic al night m ar e s t h e fe m inine natu r e,

o f wh ich is abu n d antly p r o v e n Th e ir u niv e rs al p e cu

86
.

l iarit y is th at th e y r id e upon th e ir v ict im s Th e ir cou n .

t e rp art s are t h e sp e ctr al ho rs e s wh ich b e ar t h e ir r id e rs

al o n g in a m ad g allop O ne r e cogn iz e s v e ry e as ily in

.

t h e s e symb o l ic fo r m s t h e typ e o f anx iou s dr e am wh ich ,

28 2 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
s t e pp e d upo n t h e h e n Th is m ov e m e nt is al so t yp ic al fo r
.

t he n ight m ar e ; th e r e f o r e it is s aid o f K in g Vanl an di

, ,

M ar a tr ad h an t h e M a r a trod o n h im in sl e e p e v e n to
,

d e ath A syno nym fo r n ight m ar e is t h e t r o ll o r

.
91

”
t rete r ( t r e a d
92
e r ) Th is m o v e m e n t.
( c a l c a r e ) is

p r o v e n ag ain by t h e e xp e r ie n c e o f F r e u d and m ys e l f w ith

‘

ch ildr e n wh e r e a sp e c ial in fant il e s e xu al s ignific anc e is

,

att ach e d to st e pp ing o r k ick in g .

T h e co mm o n Ary an root m ar m e an s to die th e r e

for e m ara t h e d e ad o r d e ath
,
“
F rom th is r e sults .

m o rs p o p o s
,
fat e ( also [1 0 i As is w e ll k now n ,

t h e N o r n e s s itt ing u nd e r t h e wo rld ash p e rso nify f at e -

l ik e Clotho L ach e s is and Atropo s W ith t he C e lts t h e

,
.

co n c e pt io n o f t h e F at e s prob ably p as s e s into th at o f

m a t re s and m a t r o na wh ich h ad a d iv ine s ig nific anc e
,

am o n g t h e G e r m an s A w e ll k nown p ass ag e in Jul iu s

.
-

C ae s ar De B e llo G all ico i : 5 0 ) in fo r m s us o f t h is

,

m e aning o f t h e m oth e r :

U t m at re s fam il ias e o ru m so rt ib u s e t v at ic inat io n ib u s

94
dec l a
”
rare n t , u t rum p rcr l iu m c o m m it t i e x usu esse t , n ec ne .

In S l av m ar a m e ans
w itch p o l n m o ra d em on .
,

n ight m ar e ; m ar o r m or e ( S w iss G e rm an ) m e an s sow -

,

also as an insult T h e B o h e m ian m ara m e ans

. night

m ar e an d e v e ning m oth S ph inx Th is str ang e c o n, .

n e ct io n is e xpl aine d t hrough an aly sis wh e r e it o ft e n

occu rs th at anim al s w it h m o v abl e sh e lls ( V e nu s sh e ll ) o r

w ings are u t il iz e d fo r v e ry t r ansp ar e nt r e aso ns as sym
b o l s o f t he fe m al e g e nit als Th e S phing ina are t h e t w i
.
95

Th t t h m ta h l d d cl
e se by l t W h t h it w l d b t t h i
a ro n s s ou e a re o s e er ou e o e r

a d v ant ag e o r not t o e ng ag e in b at t l e .
 SYM BOL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D O F REB I R TH 28 3

l igh t m o t hs ; th e y l ik e t h e night m ar e c o m e in t h e d ark

, ,

n e ss F in ally it is to b e obs e rv e d th at t h e s acr e d ol iv e

.
,

tr e e o f Ath e n s is c all e d y op za ( th at w as d e r iv e d from

” “ ’

w ish d to c d o w n t h e tr e e but
'

j u o p o s
) H a l
. irr h o t io s e u t ,

k ill e d h im s e l f w it h t h e ax e in t he att e m pt .

T h e sou n d r e s e m bl anc e o f m ar m ere w ith m e e r se a ,

:

an d L at in m are se a is r e m ark abl e although e t ym o l o g i

2
,

c ally acc id e nt al M ight it r e f e r b ack to t h e gr e at p r im i

.

t iv e id e a o f t h e moth e r who in t he fir st pl ac e m e ant to , ,

us ou r ind iv idu al world and a ft e rw ards b e c am e t h e sym

bol o f all worlds ? G o e th e s aid o f t h e moth e rs : Th e y
are e n c ircl e d by im ag e s o f all cr e atur e s T h e Chr is .

t ian s too could n o t r e fr ain fro m r e u nit ing th e ir moth e r

, ,

o f G o d w ith w at e r Av e M ar is st e ll a is t h e b e g in
.

n ing o f a hy m n to M a ry Th e n ag ain it is t h e ho rs e s
.

o f N e ptu n e wh ich sy m bol iz e t h e w av e s o f t h e se a I t is .

h
p rob ably o f im po rt a c e th at t e in f ant il e word m a m a
n —
( m oth e r s br e a st ’

) is r e p e at e d in it s init ial sou n d in all

poss ibl e l angu ag e s and t h at t h e m oth e r s o f two r e l ig iou s

,

h e ro e s are c all e d M ary and M ay a Th at t h e moth e r is .

t h e hors e o f t h e ch ild is t o b e s e e n m o st pl ainly in t h e

p r im it iv e custo m o f c arry ing t he ch ild o n t h e b ack or l e t

t ing it r id e o n t h e h ip O d in hu ng o n t h e world .

ash , t h e m o t h e r h is ho rs e o f t e rro r
, T h e E gypt ian .

sun god sit s o n t h e b ack o f h is m oth e r

-
t h e h e av e nly ,

cow .

W e h av e alr e ady s e e n th at accord ing to E gypt ian con ,

c e pt io n s I s is t h e m oth e r o f god pl ay e d an e v il tr ick on

, , ,

t h e sun god w ith t h e po iso no us s n ak e ; also I sis b e h av e d

-

tr e ach e rou sly t ow ard h e r so n H oru s in P lut arch s tr ad i ’

2 84 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
t io n Th at is Horu s v an qu ish e d t h e e v il Typho n who
.
, ,

m urd e r e d O s ir is t r e ach e r o u sly ( t e rr ibl e mo t h e r Ty “

pho n ) I s is h o w e v e r s e t him fr e e ag ain H o rus th e r e

.
, ,
.

upo n r e b e l le d l aid h ands o n h is m o t h e r and t o re t h e re g al

,

o rnam e nt s f ro m h e r h e ad wh e r e upo n H e rm e s g av e h e r
,

a cow s h e ad Th e n Horu s co nqu e r e d Typho n a s e cond

’
.

t im e Typho n in t h e G r e e k l e g e nd is a mo nstrou s
.
, ,

dr ago n E v e n w ithout th is co nfir m at io n it is e v id e nt th at

.

t h e b attl e o f Horu s is t h e typ ic al b attl e o f t h e sun h e ro -

w ith t h e wh al e dr ago n O f t h e l att e r w e kn ow t h at 1 t I S

-
.

a sy m bol o f t h e dr e ad ful moth e r o f t h e vor ac iou s ,

j aws o f d e ath wh e r e m e n are d is m e m b e r e d and grou nd

,

up . Who e v e r v anqu ish e s th is m o n st e r h as g aine d a ne w

o r e t e r nal youth F or th is pu rp o s e o ne m u st in sp it e o f
.
,

all d an g e rs d e s c e nd into t h e b e lly o f t h e m o n st e r

,
j ou r 97

n e y to h e ll ) an d sp e nd so m e t im e th e r e ( I mpr iso nm e n t .

by night in t h e se a ) .

T h e b attl e w ith t h e n ight s e rp e nt s ig nifi e s th e r e for e , ,

t h e co n qu e r ing o f t h e moth e r who is susp e ct e d o f an in ,

f amou s cr im e th at is t he b e tr ay al o f t h e so n A full
, ,
.

co n fi rm at io n o f t h e co nn e ct io n co m e s to u s through t h e
fr agm e nt o f t h e B abylo nian e p ic o f t h e cr e at io n d isco v ,

e r e d by G e org e S m it h m o stly fro m t h e l ibr a ry o f Asu r

,

b anip al Th e p e r io d o f t h e or ig in o f t h e t e xt w as p rob
.

ably in t h e t im e o f H am m u r ab i B C ) We .

l e ar n fro m th is accou nt o f cr e at io n th at t h e sun god E a 98 -

,

t h e so n o f t h e d e pths o f t h e w at e rs an d t h e god o f w is

do m ,h ad co n qu e r e d Ap s u Ap su is t h e cr e at o r o f t h e
99
.

gr e at gods ( h e e x is t e d in t h e b e g inn ing in a sort o f t r inity

—
w it h T iam at t h e m o th e r o f gods and M umu h is v iz ie r ) , .
28 6 P SY CH OLOG Y OF TH E U N C O N S C I OU S
T he n t he l o rd t oo k up t he c y c l one , h is g re at w e apo n ;
F o r h is c h ario t b e m ount e d t he st o rm w ind , t h e inc o m p arab l e ,
”
t he t e rri ble o ne .

H is ch ie f w e apo n is t hew ind and a ne t w ith wh ich h e ,

w ill e nt angl e T iam at . H e app ro ach e s T iam at and ch al

l e nge s h e r to a co m b at .

The n T i am at an d M ard u k , t he w ise o ne o f t h e g o s, c am e t o d

ge t he r,
R ising fo r t he fi gh t , app ro ac h ing t o t he b at t l e
T he n t he l o rd sp re a d ou t h is n e t and c au gh t he r .

H e l e t l o o se t he I m b u ll u in h l S t ra i n at h e r fac e ,

T hen T i am at n o w O p e ne d he r m o u t h as w id e as sh e c o ul d .

H e let the I m b u ll u ru sh in so t h at h e r l ips c o ul d no t c l o se ;

Wit h i
t he rag ng W in s d h e fi ll e d he r w om b .

H e r inw ard p art s w e re se iz e d and sh e O p e ne d w id e h e r m out h .

H e t o u che d h e r w it h t h e spe ar, d ism e m b e re d h e r b o d y ,

He sl ash e d he r inw ard p art s and c u t o u t h e r h e art ,

“

S u bd u e d h er and pu t an e nd to he r l ife .

He t h re w d ow n he r bod y and st e pp e d up o n it .

A ft e r M arduk sl e w t he moth e r , he d e v is e d t he cr e a
t io n o f t he world .

The re t he l o rd rest e d c o nt em pl at ing he r b o d y ,

T hen d iv id e d he t h e C o l o ssu s pl anning w isel y ,

.

H e c u t it ap art l ik e a fl at fi sh int o t w o p art s , ,

1 00

O ne h al f he t oo k and w it h it h e c ov e re d t he H e ave ns .

In th is m anne r M arduk cr e at e d t h e u niv e rs e from t h e

m oth e r . I t is cl e arly e v id e nt th at t he k ill ing o f t h e
m oth e r dr ago n h e r e t ak e s pl ac e u nd e r t h e id e a o f a w ind
-

f e cu nd at io n w ith ne g at iv e acco m p anim e nts .

T h e w o rld is cr e at e d fro m t h e m o th e r th at is to say , ,

fro m t he l ib ido t ak e n aw ay fro m t h e m oth e r through sac

 SYM BOL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D O F RE B I R TH 28 7

r ifice . W e sh all h av e to co ns id e r th is s ig nific ant for m ul a

mor e clo s e ly in t h e l ast ch apt e r T h e m ost int e r e st ing .

p ar all e ls to th is p r im it iv e m yth are to b e fou nd in t he

l it e r atur e o f t he O ld T e st am e nt as G u nk e l h as br il ,
1 01

l iant l y po int e d out I t is worth wh il e to tr ac e t he p sy

.

c h o l o gy o f th e s e p ar all e ls .

I saia h l i : 9
(9 ) Aw ak e ,
k
aw a e , p ut on st re ng t h, 0 arm o f t he Lo rd ;
k
aw a e as in t he d ay s in t he ge ne rat io n o f o l d Art t hou
anc ie n t , .

no t it t h at h at h c u t R a h a b an d w o u n d d
e t
,
h e d ago
r n ?

( )
1 0 A r
“
t t h o u n o t it w h ic h h at h d rie d t h e se a t h e w at e rs o f ,

t h e g re at d e e p t h at h at h m ad e t he d e p t hs o f t h e se a a w ay fo r
,

”
t he ra s n o m e d t o p ass o v e r ?

T he m e o f R ah ab is fr e qu e ntly u s e d fo r E gypt in
na

t h e O ld T e st am e nt also dr a go n I s aiah ch apt e r xxx

, .
, ,

v e rs e 7 c alls E gypt t he s il e nt R ah ab
, and m e an s , ,

th e r e for e so m e th ing e v il and ho st il e R ah ab is t he w e ll

,
.

know n whor e o f J e r icho who l at e r as t h e w if e o f P r inc e

, ,

S al m a b e c am e t h e an c e str e s s o f Chr ist H e r e R ah ab

, .

app e a r e d as t h e old dr ago n as T ia m at ag ainst whos e , ,

e v il p ow e r M arduk o r J e hov ah m arch e d fo rth T h e

, , .

e xp r e ss io n
“
t h e r anso m e d r e f e rs to t h e J e ws fr e e d
fro m bond ag e bu t it is also mytholog ic al for t he h e ro
, ,

ag ain fr e e s thos e p r e v iou sly d e vour e d by t h e wh al e .

( F rob e n iu s )

P sal m lx xx ix : IO

T hou h ast b ro ke n R ah ab in p iec e s, as o ne t h at is l

s ain .

J ob xxv i: 1 2 1 -
3
He d ivid e t h t h e se a w it h h is pow e r, and by h is d
u n e rst an d ing
he sm it e t h t h rough t he p ro u d .
28 8 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I O U S
B y his sp irit he h at h g arnishe d t he he ave ns, his hand h at h
fo rm e d t he c roo e k d se rp e nt .

G u nk e l pl ac e s R ah ab w ith Ch aos th at is
as id e nt ic al , ,

t h e s am e as T ia m at G u nk e l t r ansl at e s t h e br e ak ing to
.

p ie c e s as v io l at io n T iam at o r R ah ab as t h e m oth e r
.

is also t h e who r e G ilg am e sh tr e ats I scht ar in th is w ay

.

wh e n h e a ccus e s h e r o f whor e dom Th is insult tow ards .

t h e moth e r is v e ry f am il iar to us from dr e am an alys is .

T h e dr agon R ah ab app e ars also as L e v iath an t h e w at e r ,

monst e r ( m at e r nal se a )

P sal m lx x iv :
( 13) Th ou d id st d iv id e t he se a b y t hy st re ng t h : t ho u b rak est
t h e he ad s o f t h e d rago ns in t he w at e rs .

( I 4) Th ou b rak e st t he he ad s o f Le v iat h an in p iec e s and

“

g ave st him t o b e m e at t o t h e peo pl e inh ab it ing t he w il d e rness .

( 1 5) Thou d id st c l e av e t he fount ain and t he fl o od : t hou

“

”
d id st dry up m ighty riv e rs .

Wh il e o nly t h e ph all ic m e an ing o f t h e L e v iath an w as

e mph as iz e d in t h e fi rst p art o f th is work w e no w d iscov e r ,

also t h e m at e rn al m e aning A fu rth e r p ar all e l is .

I saiah xxv ii : I
“
In t hat day, t he Lo rd w it h h is c rue l and g re at and st ro ng

sw o r d sh al l pu nish L ev iat h an , t h e p ie rc ing se rp e nt , e v en Lev iat han

t h at c roo e k d se rp e nt , and he sh all s a l y t he d rago n t h at is in t he

se a.

W e co m e upo n a sp e c ial m ot iv e in Job ch ap

, . x l i, V. I

C anst t hou d raw o ut Lev iat h an w it h an h oo k ? or his t o ngue

w it h a c or d ‘

w h ic h t ho u l e t t e st d ow n ? C anst t ho u pu t an hoo k
”
in h is nose ? o r b o re h is j aw t h ro u gh w it h a t ho rn ?
2 90 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
a goos e and I wh istl e l ik e
f alco n T he moth e r is re a

p r o a c h e d w ith t h e in c e st p roh ib i t i o n as an act o f w ilful

m al ic iou s ne s s by wh ich sh e e xclud e s t h e so n from im m o r

t al it y Th e r e for e a god m u st at l e ast r e b e l ov e rpow e r
.
, ,

an d ch ast is e t h e moth e r ( Comp a r e Ad a m .and L il ith ,

abov e ) T he
. o v e rp ow e r in g s ignifi e s inc e stuou s
r ap e . H e rodotus
1 03
h as p r e s e rv e d fo r u s a v alu abl e
1 04

fr agm e nt o f th is r e l ig iou s ph ant asy .

An d how t he y ce e l b rat eI sis in t he c it y o f

t h e ir fe ast to

B usiris I hav e al re ad y p rev io usl y re m arke d A ft e r t he sac rifi c e

, .
,

al l o f t h em m e n and w o m e n full t e n t ho usand p e o pl e b e g in t o

, , ,

b e at e ac h o t he r B u t it w o ul d b e sin fo r m e t o m ent io n fo r w hom

.

t h e y do b e at e ac h o t h e r .

B u t in P ap re m is t he y c e l e b rat e d t h e sac rifi c e w it h ho l y ac t io ns ,

as in t h e o t h e r p l ac e s A b ou t t he t im e w he n t he sun se t s so m e
.
,

few p rie st s are b u sy aro u n d t h e im ag e ; m o st o f t he m st and at

t he e n t ranc e w it h w o o d e n c l u b s an d o t h e rs w h o w o u l d ful fi l a
,

v ow ,
m o re t h an a t h ou san d m e n al so st an d in a g rou p w it h ,

w o o d e n c u d ge l s o ppo sit e t h em .

N o w o n t he e v e o f t h e fest iv al t he y t ak e t h e im ag e o ut in ,

a sm al l and g il d e d t e m p l e int o ano t h e r sac re d e d ifi c e T he n t he .

fe w w h o re m ain w it h t he im age d raw a fo u r w h ee l e d c h ario t u p o n -

w h ic h t he t e m p l e st and s w it h t h e im age w h ic h it e nc l o ses B ut .

t he o t he rs w ho st an d in t h e ant e ro o m s are no t all o w e d t o e nt e r .

Tho se u nd e r a v ow w ho st and b y t he go d b e at t h e m o ff N o w
, ,
.

o cc u rs a fu rio us b at t l e w it h c l u b s in w h ic h t h e y b ru ise e ac h o t h e r s
’

b o d ies and as I b el iev e m any ev e n die fro m t h e ir w ou nd s : no t

,

w it hst an d ing t h is t he E g y p t ians c o nsid e r t h at no ne d ie

, .

T he nat iv e s c l aim t h at t his fe st iv al g at h e ring w as int ro d uc e d

fo r t h e fo l l o w ing re aso n : in t h is sanc t u ary l iv e d t he m o t he r o f
A res . N ow A re s w as b ro u gh t u p ab ro ad and w h e n h e b e c am e
1 05

a m an he c am e to h av e in t erc o urse w it h h is m o t h e r . T he se rv ant s

of h is m o t h e r w h o h ad se e n h im did no t al l o w h im t o e nt e r p e ac e

fu ll y , b u t p re v e nt e d h im ; at w h ic h h e fe t c he d p e o p l e fro m an

o t h e r c it y , w ho m ist re at e d t h e se rv ant s and h ad e n t ranc e to h is

 S Y M BO L I S M OF M O TH ER AN D O F RE B I R T H 29 1

m o t he r . The re fo re , t h e y asse rt e d l
t h at t h is s au gh t e r w as int ro
”
d uc e d at t h e fe ast fo r A res .

I t is e v id e nt th at t h e p iou s h e r e fight th e ir w ay to a sh ar e
in t h e m yst e ry o f t h e r ap ing o f t he moth e r Th is is t h e .
1 06

p art wh ich b e lo ngs to th e m wh il e t he h e ro ic d e e d b e

,
1 07

lo ngs to t h e god B y Are s is m e ant t h e E g yp t ian Typho n

.
1 08
. ,

as w e h av e good r e aso n s to suppos e Th us Typh o n r e p .

r e se nt s t h e e v il l o ng zng fo r t h e m o t h e r w ith wh ich oth e r

myth fo rms r e p ro ach t he moth e r a ccord ing to t he w e ll ,

kn own e x ampl e T h e d e ath o f B al de r quit e analogous

'

,
.

to t h e d e ath o f O s ir is ( att ack o f s ickne ss o f R6) b e c aus e ,

o f t h e wou nd in g by t he br anch o f t h e m istl e to e s e e m s to ,

n e e d a s im il ar e xpl anat io n I t is r e cou nt e d in t h e myth

.

how al l cr e atu r e s w e r e pl e dg e d no t to hurt B ald e r s av e ,

o nly t he m istl e to e wh ich w as forgott e n pr e sum ably b e

, ,

c au s e it w as too you ng Th is k ill e d B ald e r M istl e to e

. .

is a p ar as it e T h e f e m al e p ie c e o f wood in t h e fire bor ing

.
-

r itu al w as obt aine d from t he wood o f a p ar as it ic al o r

1 09

cr e e p ing pl ant t h e fire moth e r T h e m ar e r e sts up o n

,
.

M are nt ak in wh ich G r imm su sp e cts t he m istl e to e

, .

The m istl e to e w as a r e m e dy ag ainst b arr e nne ss I n G aul .

t he D ru id alo ne w as allow e d to cl imb t h e holy o ak am id

sol e m n c e r e mo nie s aft e r t he compl e t e d s acr ific e in o rd e r ,

to cut o ff t h e r itu al m istl e to e Th is act is a r e l ig iously

.
1 1 0

l im it e d and org aniz e d in c e st Th at wh ich grows on t h e .

tr e e is t h e ch ild wh ich m an m ight h av e by t h e moth e r ;

,
11 1

th e n m an h im s e lf would b e in a r e ne w e d and r e juv e nat e d

for m ; and p r e c is e ly th is is wh at m an c annot h av e b e c aus e ,

t h e in c e st p roh ib it io n f o rb ids it A s t h e C e lt ic cu sto m .

shows t h e act is p e r fo r m e d by t he pr ie st o nly w ith t he

, ,
29 2 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
o b se rv at io n o f c e rt ain c e r e m o nie s ; t he h e r o go d and t h e
r e d e e m e r o f t h e world how e v e r do t h e u np e r m itt e d t h e
, , ,

sup e rhu m an th ing and t hrough it pu rch as e imm ort al ity

, .

T h e dr ago n who m ust b e ov e rco m e for th is pu rp os e

, ,

m e an s as m u st h av e b e e n fo r so m e t im e cl e arly s e e n t h e
, ,

r e s ist an c e ag ainst t h e in c e st D r ago n and s e rp e nt e sp e .

,

c ial l y w ith t h e ch ar act e r ist ic a ccu m ul at io n o f anx ie ty at

tr ibut e s are t h e sym bol ic r e pr e s e nt at io n s o f anx ie ty

,
.

wh ich corr e spo nd to t h e r e p r e ss e d inc e st w ish I t is .

,

th e r e fo r e int e ll ig ibl e wh e n w e co m e acro ss t h e tr e e w it h

, ,

t h e s nak e ag ain and ag ain ( in P ar ad is e t h e s nak e e v e n

t e mpts to sin ) T h e s nak e o r dr ago n p oss e ss e s in p ar

.

t icul ar t h e m e aning o f tr e asur e gu a rd ian an d d e f e nd e r .

T h e ph all ic as w e ll as t h e f e m inine m e anin g o f t h e

, ,

dr ago n ind ic at e s th at it is ag ain a sym bol o f t he s e xu al

“ 2

ne utr al ( or b is e xu al
) l ib ido th a t is to say a sy m bol
, o f t h e ,

lib id o in o pp o sit io n I n th is s ig nific anc e t h e bl ack hors e

.
,

Ap ao sh a t he d e m o n o f oppo s it io n app e ars in t h e old

, ,

P e rs ian so ng T isht riya wh e r e it ob stru cts t h e sou rc e s

, ,

o f t h e r ain l ak e T he wh it e hors e T isht riya m ak e s two

.

fut il e att e m pts to v anqu ish Ap ao sh a ; at t h e th ird att e m pt ,

w ith t he h e lp o f Ahu r am azd a h e is su cc e ss ful Wh e r e

, .
1 1 3

upon t he slu ic e s o f h e av e n op e n and a fru itful r ain pou rs

down up o n t h e e arth I n th is so n g o ne s e e s v e ry b e au
.
1 14

t iful ly in t h e cho ic e o f sy m b o l how l ib id o is oppos e d to

l ib ido w ill ag ainst w ill t h e d isco rd anc e o f p r im it iv e m an

, ,

w ith h im s e l f wh ich h e r e c o gniz e s ag ain in al l t he ad

,

v e rs ity and co ntr asts o f e xt e r n al n atu r e .

T h e symbol o f t he tr e e e n c o il e d by t h e s e rp e nt m ay
also b e tr an sl at e d as t h e moth e r d e fe n d e d from in c e st
29 4 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
t io n shows him c arry ing t h e co nqu e r e d bull ( co m p ar abl e
to t he mo nstrou s bull ov e rco m e by G ilg am e sh ) Th is .

bull s ignifi e s t h e co n c e ntr at e d s ignific anc e o f t h e m o nst e r ,

t h e f ath e r who as g iant an d d ang e rous anim al e m bod ie s

,

t h e in c e st p roh ib it io n an d agr e e s w ith t h e ind iv idu al

,

l ib ido o f t h e sun h e ro wh ich h e ov e rco m e s by s e l f s acr i

-

,
-

fic e . T h e th ird p ictu r e r e p r e s e nts M ithr a wh e n h e ,

gr asp s t h e h e ad or nam e nt o f t h e sun t he nim bu s Th is , .

ac t r e c alls to us first o f all t h e v iol e n c e o f H orus tow ards

, ,

I s is ; s e co ndly t h e Chr ist ian b as ic thought t h at t h o se w h o

, ,

h av e o v e rc o me a t t ain t h e c r o w n o f e t e r nal lif e . O n t he

f o urth p ictur e S ol k ne e ls b e fo r e M it hr a Th e s e l ast two .

r e pr e s e nt at io ns show pl ainly th at M ithr a h as t ak e n to

h im s e l f t h e str e ngth o f t h e sun so th at h e b e com e s t h e ,

l o rd o f t h e sun as w e ll H e h as co n qu e r e d his anim al

.

n atu r e ,t h e bull T h e anim al k n ows n o in c e st p ro hib i

.

t io n ; m an is th e r e fo r e
, m an b e c au s e h e co nque rs t h e
,
'

in c e st w ish th at is t h e anim al n at ur e
, ,
Thu s M ithr a h as .

s acr ifi c e d his anim al n atur e t h e in c e st w ish an d w ith th at

, ,

h as ov e rco m e t h e m oth e r th at is to say ,

t h e t e rr ibl e ,

d e ath br ing ing m o t h e r

-
A solut io n is alr e ady ant ic i
.

p at e d in t h e G ilg am e sh e p ic thr o ugh t h e for m al r e nu nc i a

t io n o f t h e horr ibl e I sh t ar by t he h e ro T h e ov e rco m ing .

o f t h e m o t h e r in t h e M it hr aic s acr ific e wh ich h ad al m o s t ,

an asc e t ic ch ar ac t e r t o ok pl a c e n o l o ng e r by t h e a rch aic

,

ov e rpow e r ing but thr o u gh t h e r e nu n c iat io n t h e sacr ific e

, ,

o f t h e w ish T h e p r im it iv e t hought o f in c e stuou s r e p ro

.

duc t io n t h ro ug h e nt ranc e int o t h e m o t h e r s w o m b h ad ’

alr e ady b e e n d ispl ac e d b e c au se m an w as so far a dv anc e d

,

in d o m e s t ic at io n t h at h e b e l ie v e d th at t h e e t e r nal l if e o f
B U LL S AC R I F I C E
-
OF I
M T H RA
296 PS YC H OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
F e j e rv aryian m anu scr ipt ( a M e x ic an hie ro gl yphic ko dex )
at t h e co n clus io n o f wh ich th e r e is a colo ss al cross in t h e ,

m iddl e o f wh ich th e r e h angs a bl e e d ing d iv inity E qu ally .

int e r e st in g is t h e cro s s o f P al e nqu e ; up abov e is a

b ird o n e ith e r s id e two hu m an figur e s who look at t he
, ,

cro ss and h o ld a ch ild ag ain st it e ith e r fo r s acr ific e o r

b apt is m T h e old M e x ic ans are s aid to h av e invok e d t h e
.

favo r o f C e nt e o t l s t h e d aught e r o f h e av e n and t h e

godd e ss o f wh e at e v e ry spr ing by nail ing upo n t h e cro ss

,

a youth o r a m aid e n and by shoot in g t h e s a cr ific e w ith

arrows . T h e n am e o f t h e M e x ic an cros s s ign ifi e s

1 21

”
tr e e o f ou r l if e o r fl e sh .
1 22

An e ffi gy fro m t h e I sl an d o f P h il ae r e p r e s e nts O s ir is
in t h e for m o f a cruc ifi e d god w e p t ov e r by I s is and ,

N e phthys t h e s ist e r co nsort

, .
1 23

T h e m e aning o f t h e cro s s is c e rt ain ly n o t l im it e d to

t h e tr e e o f l if e as h as alr e ady b e e n show n
,
Just as t h e .

tr e e o f l if e h as als o a ph all ic sub m e aning ( as l ib ido sym-

bol ) so th e r e is a furth e r s ignific anc e to t h e cross t h an

,

l if e and im m ort al it y M ull e r u s e s it as a s ign o f r ain

.
1 24

and o f fe rt il ity b e c au s e it app e ars am o ng t h e I nd ians

,

d ist in ctly as a m ag ic ch ar m o f f e r t il ity I t g o e s w ithout .

s ay ing th e r e fo r e th at it pl ays a rOl e in t h e sun cul t I t

, ,
.

is also not e worthy th at t h e s ign o f t h e cross is an im por

t ant s ign fo r t h e k e e p ing aw ay o f all e v il l ik e t h e anc ie nt ,

g e stur e o f M ano fic a T he ph all ic am ul e ts also s e rv e t h e

.

s am e purpo s e Z o ckl e r app e ars t o h av e ov e rlook e d t h e

.

fac t t h at t h e ph all ic C rux A nsat a is t h e sam e cr o ss wh ich

h as fl o ur ish e d in c Ount l e ss e x am pl e s in t h e so il o f an
t iquit y . Cop ie s o f t h is Crux A nsat a are fou nd in m any
S Y M BOL I S M O F M O TH E R A N D OF REB I R TH 29 7

pl ac e s and almost e v e ry coll e ct ion o f ant iqu it ie s po s

,

s e ss e s o ne o r mor e sp e c im e ns .

Finally it m ust b e m e nt io ne d th at t he for m o f t he

,

hum an body is im it at e d in t h e cross as o f a m an w ith

arms outsp r e ad I t is r e m ark abl e th at in e arly Chr ist ian
.

r e p r e s e nt at io n s Chr ist is no t n ail e d to t h e cross but ,

st and s b e fo r e it w ith ar m s outstr e tch e d M aur ic e .

1 26

g iv e s a str ik ing b as is fo r th is int e rp r e t at io n wh e n h e s ays

I t is a fac t no t l ess re m ar a k b le t h an w e l l at t e st e d ,
t h at t he

D ru id s in t he ir g rov es w e re ac c ust o m e d t o se l ec t t he m ost st at el y

an d b e au t iful t ree as an e m b l e m o f t he d e it y t he y ad o re d an d ,

c u t t ing o ff t he sid e b ranc hes t he y affi x e d t w o o f t he l arg est o f

,

t he m t o t he h ighe st p art o f t he t runk in su c h a m anne r t h at t h o se

,

b ranche s e x t e nd e d o n e ac h sid e l ik e t he arm s o f a m an and t o ,

g e t he r w it h t he b o d y p re se nt e d t he appe arance o f a hu ge c ro ss ;
and in t he b ark in seve ral p l aces w as al so insc rib e d t h e l e t t e r T

( t au ) 1 28

T he tr e e o f knowl e dg e o f t he H indoo D sch aina

s e ct assum e s hum an form ; it w as r e p r e s e nt e d as a m ighty ,

th ick tru nk in t h e form o f a hum an h e ad from t h e top ,

o f wh ich gr e w out two lo ng e r br anch e s h ang ing down at

t h e s id e s and o ne short v e rt ic al up r is ing br an ch crown e d
, ,

by a bu d o r blo ssom l ik e th ick e ning -

R ob e rtso n in .
1 29

h is E v ang e l ic al M yth s m e nt io ns th at in t h e Assyr ian

syst e m th e r e e x ists t he r e pr e s e nt at ion o f t h e d iv inity in
t h e fo rm o f a cross in wh ich t h e v e rt ic al b e am cor r e
,

sp o nd s to a hum an fo r m an d t h e hor izo nt al b e am to a

p air o f co nv e nt io nal iz e d w ings O ld G r e c ian idols such

.
,

fo r e x am pl e as w e r e fou nd in l arg e numb e rs in A e gina

,

h av e a s im il ar ch ar act e r an im m od e r at e ly lo ng h e ad and
,
29 8 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
ar m s sl ightly r aise d —
w ing sh ap e d and in fro nt d ist in ct
, ,

br e asts .

I mu st l e av e it an op e n qu e st io n as to wh e th e r t h e
sy m b o l o f t h e cr o ss h as an r e l at io n to t h e t w o p ie c e s
y
o f woo d in t h e r e l ig io us fire p ro du ct io n as is fr e qu e ntly ,

cl aim e d I t do e s app e ar how e v e r as if t h e cross sym bol

.
, ,

a ctu ally st ill po ss e s se d t h e sig nific an c e o f u nio n fo r ,

th is id e a b e l o ngs to t h e fe rt il ity ch ar m and e sp e c ially to ,

t h e thought o f e t e r n al r e b irth wh ich is m o st int im at e ly ,

b o u nd up w ith t h e cro s s T h e th o ught o f u nio n e x .

,

p r e ss e d by t h e sym b o l o f t h e cr o ss is m e t w it h in ,

T im aio s o f P l ato wh e r e t h e wo rld soul is co n c e iv e d

,

as str e tch e d out b e tw e e n h e av e n and e arth in t h e fo r m

’
o f an X Chi h c i h f r o f S t A n dr e w s
( ) e n e n t e o m a .

cro ss . Wh e n w e no w l e ar n furth e r m or e t h at t h e , ,

w o rld soul c o nt ain s in it se l f t h e w o rld as a b o dy th e n th is ,

p ictu r e ine v it ably r e m inds u s o f t h e m oth e r .

( D ia l og ue s of P l a t o . J o w e t t Vo l I I
,
.
, p ag e
An d in t h e c e nt e r he pu t t h e so u l , w h ic h d iffu se d t h ro ugh
he
t he w ho l e , an d -
al so sp re a d ov e r all t he b o d y ro u n d ab o u t and ,

h e m ad e o ne so l it ar y an d o n l y h e av e n, a c irc l e m o v ing in a c irc l e ,

h av ing su c h e x c e ll e n c e as t o be able to ho l d c o nv e rse w it h it se l f,

an d n e e d ing no o t he r frie n d sh ip o r ac qu aint anc e . H av ing t h e se

p u rp oses in v ie w he c re at e d t he w o rl d t o b e a b l e sse d g o d .

Th is h igh e st d e gr e e o f i nact i v i ty and fr e e dom fr o m

d e s ir e sym bol iz e d by t he b e ing e nc l o se d w it hin it s e lf sig
, ,

n ifie s d iv in e bl e ss e d ne s s T h e o nly hu m an p r o totyp e o f

.

’
th is co nc e p t io n is t h e ch ild in t he m o th e r s wo m b o r ,

r at h e r m o r e t he adul t m an in t h e c o nt inu o u s e m b r ac e o f
,

t h e m oth e r fr o m wh o m h e or ig in at e s
,
C o rr e sp o nd ing to .
3 oo PSY C H OLOG Y OF TH E UN C O N S C I OUS
A ft er t he e nt ire u nio n o f t he so ul h ad k l
t a e n p ac e , acc o r d ing
m ast e r s m ind , he fo rm e d
’
t o t he al l t h at is c o rp o re a l w it hin t his,
”
and j o ine d it t oge t he r so as t o pe ne t rat e it t h roughou t .

M or e ov e r I r e f e r ,
my r e m arks about t he m at e rn al
to

m e an ing o f t h e world soul in P lot inu s in Ch apt e r I I , .

A s im il ar d e t achm e nt o f t he symbol o f t h e cross from a

co ncr e t e figu r e we find amo ng t he M u skhog e an I nd ians ,

who str e tch abov e t h e su r f ac e o f t he w at e r ( p o nd o r

str e am ) two rop e s crossw is e and at t he po int o f int e rse c
t io n throw into t h e w at e r fru its o il and p r e c iou s sto ne s as ,

a sac rifice H e r e t h e d iv inity is e v id e ntly t he w at e r not

1 31
.
,

t h e cro ss wh ich d e s ign at e s t h e pl ac e o f s acr ific e only

, ,

through t h e p o int o f int e rs e ct io n T he s acr ifi c e at t he .

pl ac e o f u nion ind ic at e s why th is symbol w as a p r im it iv e

ch arm o f f e rt il ity why we m e e t it s o fr e qu e ntly in t he
,
1 32

p r e chr ist ian e ra among t h e godd e ss e s o f lov e ( moth e r

godd e ss e s ) e sp e c ially amo ng t h e E gypt ians in I s is and
,

t h e sun god-
W e h av e alr e ady d is cu ss e d t he co nt inuou s
.

u nio n o f th e s e two d iv init ie s As t h e cro ss ( T au [T ] . ,

C rux A ns at a ) alw ays r e curs in t he h an d o f Tu rn t he ,

supr e m e G od t h e h e g e mo n o f t h e E n ne ad it m ay no t b e
, ,

sup e rfluou s to say som e th ing mor e o f t h e d e st inat io n o f

Tu rn Th e Tu rn o f O n H e l iopol is b e ars t h e nam e t h e
.
-

fath e r o f his moth e r wh at th at m e ans ne e ds no e x

pl anat io n ; Jusas o r N e b it H o t pe t t he godd e ss j o ine d t o
-

him , w as c al l e d s o m e t im e s t he m o t h e r, s o m e t im e s the

d aug h t e r, s o m e t im e s t he wi e o f f t he g o d . T h e d ay o f
t he b e g inning o f autu m n is d e s ignat e d in t h e H e l io p o l it an
in scr ipt io n s as t h e fe st iv al o f t h e godd e ss Ju sasit as ,

t h e arr iv al o f t h e s ist e r fo r t h e purpos e o f u nit ing w ith

SYM BOL I S M OF M O TH ER A N D OF REB I R T H 30 1

he r f ath e r I t is t h e d ay in wh ich t h e godd e ss M e h nit

.

co m pl e t e s h e r work so th at t h e go d O sir is m ay e nt e r
,

into t h e l e ft e ye ( B y wh ich h m oo i m t )
133
. t e n s e an . .

Th e d ay is also c all e d t h e fill ing up o f t h e s acr e d e ye

w it h it s ne e ds T h e h e av e nly cow w ith t h e m o o n e ye
.
,

t h e cow h e ad e d I s is
-
t ak e s to h e rs e l f in t he autu m n
,

e qu inox t h e s e e d wh ich p rocr e at e s Ho ru s ( M oo n as .

k e e p e r o f t he s e e d ) Th e e ye e v id e ntly r e p r e s e nts
.

t h e g e nit als a s in t he m yth o f I ndr a who h ad to b e ar

, ,

sp r e ad ov e r h is whol e b ody t he l ik e ne ss o f Y o ni ( vulv a ) ,

o n a ccou n t o f a B athsh e b a outr ag e but w as so far p ar ,

d o ne d by t h e gods th at t he d isgr a c e ful l ik e ne ss o f Y o ni

”
w as ch ang e d into e y e s Th e pup il in t he e ye is a
1 34
.

ch ild Th e gr e at god b e co m e s a ch ild ag ain ; h e e nt e r s

.

t h e moth e r s womb in o rd e r to r e n e w h ims e lf

’
In a .
1 35

hymn it is s aid

T hy m ot h e r, t he heav e ns, st re t c hes fo rt h he r arms t o t he e .

I n anoth e r pl ac e it is s aid
Thou sh ine st , oh fat he r of d
t h e go s, upo n t he b ac k o f t hy
i

m o t he r, dail y t hy m o t he r t ak e s t h ee in he r arm s . Whe n t ho u

il l um inat e st t he d w e ll ing o f nigh t , t ho u u nit est w it h t hy mo t he r,
”1 36
t he h e av e ns .

T he Tu rn o f P it um H e l iopol is not only b e ars t he C rux

-

A ns at a as a sym bol but also h as th is s ign as his mo st

,

fr e qu e nt su rn am e th at is au x o r anX i wh ich m e ans

, , ,

l if e o r t he l iv ing H e is ch ie fly ho nor e d as t h e
.
’

d e mo n s e rp e nt Ag atho o f whom it is s aid

, T h e holy
, ,

d e m o n s e rp e nt Ag atho go e s forth from t h e c ity N e z i .

T h e sn ak e on accou nt o f c ast ing it s sk in is t h e symbol

, ,
30 2 P SY C H OLOGY OF T H E UN C ON S C I OUS
of r e ne w al as is t h e sc ar ab ae u s a sy m b ol o f t h e sun o f
, , ,

who m it is s aid th at h e b e ing o f m ascul in e sex o nly re , ,

p rodu c e s hims e l f .

T h e nam e C hnum ( anoth e r nam e for Tum alw ays ,

m e aning t h e sun g o d c o m e s fro m t h e v e rb xn u m

-
,

”
wh ich m e an s to b in d t og e t h e r to u nit e C hnum ,
.
1 37

app e ars ch ie fly as t h e p o tt e r t h e m ould e r o f h is e gg,

.

T he cro ss s e e m s th e r e fo r e to b e an e xtr aord inar ily c o n

, ,

d e nse d sy m bol ; it s supr e m e m e aning is th at o f t h e tr e e

o f l if e and th e r e fo r e is a sy m bol o f t h e m oth e r T h e
, , ,
.

sym b ol iz at io n in a hu m an f o r m is th e r e for e i nt e ll ig ibl e , ,

.

T h e p hall ic for m s o f t h e Crux A n s at a b e lo ng to t h e ab

str act m e aning o f l if e and f e rt il ity as w e ll as to “
,

t h e m e an ing o f u nio n wh ich we can n o w v e ry prop e rly

,

int e rp r e t as c o h a b it a t io n w it h t h e m o t h e r fo r t h e purp o se
o f r e ne w al I t is th e r e for e no t o nly a v e ry tou ch ing
.
1 38
,

but also a v e ry signific an t n ai v e sy m bol is m wh e n M ary ,

in an O ld E n gl ish l am e n t o f t h e V irg in a ccu s e s t h e cro ss ,

o f b e ing a f als e tr e e wh ich u nj ustly and w ithout r e aso n

,

d e stroy e d t h e pu r e fru it o f h e r b ody h e r g e nt l e b ird ,

l ing w ith a po iso nou s dr aught t h e dr aught of d e at h

, , ,

wh ich is d e st ine d o nly fo r t h e gu ilty d e sc e nd ants o f t h e

s inne r Ad am H e r so n w as no t a sh ar e r in th at gu ilt
. .

( Co m p a r e w ith th is t h e cu nn in g o f I s is w ith t h e f a t al
d r aught o f lov e ) M ary l am e nts .

C ro ss , t ho u art t he e v il st e p m o t h e r o f my so n, so h igh h ast

t ho u hu ng h im t h at I c anno t ev e n k iss h is fe e t ! C ro ss , t ho u art

m y m o rt al e ne m y , t ho u h ast l
s ain m y l it t l e b l ue b ird !

T he holy cross an sw e rs
30 4 PSY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
poss ibl e Thus through t h e sin o f Ad am d e ath c am e into
.

t h e world Th is as is e v id e nt is e xp r e ss e d figu r at iv e ly
.
, , ,

th at is in co ntr ast fo r m Th e m oth e r s d e fe nc e ag ainst

, .
’

t h e in c e st app e ars to t h e so n as a m al ic iou s ac t wh ich ,

d e l iv e rs h im ov e r to t he f e ar o f d e ath Th is co n fl ict f ac e s
.

u s in t h e G ilg am e sh e p ic in it s o r ig in al fr e sh ne ss and

p ass io n wh e r e also t he inc e st w ish is p roj e ct e d o nto t he

,

m oth e r .

T h e ne u rot ic who c ann ot l e av e t h e m oth e r h as good

r e aso ns ; t h e fe ar o f d e ath holds h im th e r e I t s e e m s as
.

if n o id e a an d n o word w e r e stro ng e n o ugh to e xp r e ss

t h e m e aning o f th is E nt ir e r e l ig io n s w e r e co nstruct e d
.

in o rd e r to g iv e words t o t h e im m e n sity o f th is co nfl ict .

Th is struggl e for e xp r e s sio n wh ich co nt inu e d d o w n

t hrough t h e c e ntur ie s c e rt ainly c annot h av e it s sou rc e

in t h e r e str ict e d r e al m o f t h e vulg ar co n c e pt io n o f inc e st .

R ath e r o ne m ust u nd e rst an d t he l aw wh ich is ult im at e ly

e xpr e ss e d as I n c e st p roh ib it io n as co e rc io n to dom e s
t ic at io n and co ns id e r t h e r e l ig iou s syst e ms as inst itut io n s
,

wh ich first r e c e iv e th e n org aniz e and gr adu ally subl im at e

, ,

t h e m oto r forc e s o f t h e anim al n atur e n o t imm e d iat e ly

av ail abl e fo r cultur al purp os e s .

W e w ill no w r e tur n to t h e v is io ns o f M iss M ill e r .

Tho s e no w follow ing n e e d n o fu rth e r d e t ail e d d iscu ss ion .

T h e n e xt v is io n is t h e im ag e o f a purpl e b ay . T he
sy m bol is m o f t h e se a co nne cts s m oo t hly w ith th at wh ich

p r e c e d e s O ne m ight th ink h e r e in add it io n o f t h e

.

r e m inisc e nc e s o f t h e B ay o f N apl e s wh ich w e c am e across

,

in P art I I n t h e s e qu e n c e o f t h e whol e how e v e r w e

.
,

must n o t ov e rlook t h e s ignific anc e o f t h e b ay .In

SYM BOL I S M OF M O TH E R A N D OF REB I R TH 30 5

F r e nch it is c all e d wh ich prob ably corr e

une b aie ,
sp o nd s to a b ay in t h e E ngl ish t e xt I t m ight b e worth .

wh il e h e r e to gl anc e at t h e e tymolog ic al s id e o f th is
id e a B ay is g e ne r ally u s e d fo r so m e th in g wh ich is op e n
.
,

j ust as t h e C at alo nian word b adia ( b ai) com e s from

b a d ar ,
to op e n I n F r e n ch b aye r m e an s to h av e t he
.

mouth op e n to g ap e ,
A noth e r word fo r t h e s am e is
.

M e e rb use n b ay o r g ulf
,
L at in sinus and a th ird wo rd ,

is golf ( gulf ) wh ich in F r e nch st ands in clos e st r e l at io n

,

to g o uf f re a bys
I s G olf is d e r i
.v e d fro m m ih n og
” '

,
1 43

”
wh ich also m e an s bo som and womb “
moth e r ,

womb also v ag ina

, I t c an also m e an a fold o f a
.

dr e ss o r p ock e t ; it m ay also m e an a d e e p v all e y b e tw e e n

h igh mou nt ains Th e s e e xp r e ss ions cl e arly show wh at
.

p r im it iv e id e as l ie at th e ir b as e Th e y r e nd e r int e ll ig ibl e
.

G o e th e s cho ic e o f wo rds at th at pl ac e wh e r e F au st w ish e s

’

t o follow t h e sun w ith w ing e d d e s ir e in o rd e r in t he e v e r

l ast ing day to dr ink it s e t e r nal l ight

T he m ount ain c h ain w it h al l it s g o rge s d e e p ,
Wo u l d m o re im p e d e
t he n no m y g o d l ik e m o t io n ;
And now b e fo re m ine e y es e x p an d s t he o c e an ,

W it h all it s b ays ,
in sh ining s eep l !
”

F au st s d e s ir e l ik e th at o f e v e ry h e ro incl ine s tow ards

’
, ,

t he m yst e r ie s
o f r e b irth o f im mor t al ity ; th e r e for e his
, ,

c o u rs e l e ads to t h e se a and down into t he mo nstrou s ,

j aws o f d e ath t he ho rro r and n arrow ne s s o f wh ich at

,

t he sam e t im e s ig nify t h e n e w d ay .

O ut on t he o p e n o c e an sp ee ds my d re am ing
T he gl assy fl o o d b e fo re m y fee t is g l e am ing ,
A new day b ec k o ns t o a ne w e r sh o re !
306 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
A fi e ry c h ario t b o rne on b uo y ant p inio ns,
S w ee ps ne ar me now ! I so o n s h all re a dy be
T o p ie rc e t he e t h e r s h igh u nknow n d o m inio ns
’

, ,

T o re ac h ne w sp he re s o f p u re ac t iv it y !
T his G o d l ike rap t u re , t his su p rem e e x ist e nc e .

Y es, l e t m e d are t ho se g at e s t o fl ing asu nd e r ,

Wh ic h ev e ry m an w o u l d fain go sl ink ing b y !

.

T is t im e t h ro u gh d e e d s t h is w o rd o f t ru t h t o t hund e r ;
’
,

T h at w it h t h e he igh t o f G o d s M an s d ig n it y m ay v ie !
’ ’

N o r fro m t h at g l o o m y g u l f t o sh rink affrigh t e d ,

Whe re fanc y d o t h h e rse lf t o se l f b o rn p angs c o m p el -

,

T o st ru gg l e t o w ard t h at p ass b e n igh t e d ,

A ro u nd w ho se n arrow m o u t h fl am e all t he fi re s o f H e l l
T o t ak e t h is st e p w it h c hee rful re so l u t io n ,

Though N o t hing ness sho ul d b e t he c e rt ain sw ift c o nc l usio n !

I t sou nds l ik e co nfir m at io n wh e n t he succ e e d ing V is io n

a ,

o f M iss M ill e r s is une f al aise a pic

’
a st e e p p r e c ip i , ,

tou s cl iff (
. Comp a r e g o u f
f )
r e T h e e nt ir e s e r ie .s o f
ind iv idu al v is io n s is co m pl e t e d as t h e autho r ob s e rv e s , ,

by a co n fu sio n o f sou nds so m e wh at r e s e m bl ing w a m a

,
-
,

wa m a
-
. Th is h as a v e ry p r im it iv e b arb ar ic sou nd ,
.

S in c e w e l e ar n fro m t h e autho r noth ing o f t h e subj e ct iv e

ro o ts o f th is sou nd no t h ing is l e f t u s but t h e su sp ic ion
,

t h at t h is sou nd m ight b e c o n s id e r e d t ak e n in co nne ct ion ,

w it h t h e whol e as a sl ight m ut il at io n o f t h e w e ll known

,
-

c all m a m a -
.
30 8 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
T he p e rso n ag e C h iw ant op el , c am e fro m t h e so u t h , o n ho rse
b ac k ; aro und h im a c l o ak o f v iv id b l u e and w h it e An
c o l o rs, re d , .

I nd ian in a c ost um e o f doe sk in c ov e re d w it h b e ad s and o rnam e nt e d

,

w it h fe at he rs ad v anc e s squ at s d o w n and p re p ares t o l e t fl y an

,

arro w at C hiw an t o p e l T h e l at t e r p re se nt s h is b re ast in an at t it u d e

.

o f d e fi anc e an d t h e I n d ian fasc inat e d b y t h at sigh t sl ink s aw ay

, , ,
”
and d isap p e ars w it h in t h e fo re st .

T he h e ro Chiw ant o pe l app e ars on hors e b ack Th is

, ,
.

f act s e e ms o f import anc e b e c au s e as t h e fu rth e r cou rs e

,

o f t h e dr am a shows ( se e Ch apt e r V I I I ) t h e ho rs e pl ays

no ind if fe r e nt rOl e but suffe rs t h e s am e d e ath as t h e h e ro

, ,

and is e v e n c all e d f aith ful broth e r by t h e l att e r .

Th e s e allus io ns po int to a r e m ark abl e s im il ar ity b e tw e e n

hors e and r id e r Th e r e s e e ms to e x ist an int im at e con
.

n e ct io n b e tw e e n t h e two wh ich gu id e s th e m to t h e s am e
,

d e st iny W e alr e ady h av e s e e n th at t h e symbol iz at io n o f

.

t h e l ib ido in r e s ist anc e through t he t e rr ibl e moth e r

in so m e pl ac e s ru n s p ar all e l w it h t h e ho rs e S tr ictly .
1

sp e ak ing it would b e inco rr e ct t o say th at t he ho rs e is o r

, ,

m e an s t h e moth e r
, Th e m oth e r id e a is a l ib ido sy m bol
.
,

and t h e hors e is also a l ib ido symbol and at som e po ints ,

t h e two symbols int e rs e ct in t h e ir sig nific ance s T h e com .

m o n f e atur e o f t h e two id e as l ie s in t he l ib ido e sp e c ially ,

in t h e l ib ido r e p r e ss e d from inc e st Th e h e ro and t h e .

ho rs e app e ar to us in th is s e tt ing l ik e an art ist ic fo rm at io n

o f t h e id e a o f hum an ity w ith it s r e p r e ss e d l ib ido wh e r e by ,

t h e hors e acqu ir e s t h e s ig nific anc e o f t h e anim al unc o n

sc iou s wh ich app e ars do m e st ic at e d and subj e ct e d to t he

,

w ill o f m an Agni upo n t h e ram Wot an upon Sl e ipne ir

.
, ,

Ahur am azd a upon Ang ro m ainyu J ahw e upo n t h e mon ,

2

strou s s e r aph Chr ist upo n t he ass D io nysu s upon t he

, ,
3
 TH E B ATT LE FO R D EL I V ER A N C E 30 9

ass, M ithr a upo n t h e hors e M e n upo n hum an foot e d

, t he -

ho rs e F r e ir upo n t h e go ld e n b r istl e d bo ar e t c are

,
-
, .
,

p ar all e l r e pr e s e nt at io ns T h e ch arg e rs o f mythology are

.

alw ays inv e st e d w ith gr e at s ig nifi c an c e ; th e y v e ry o ft e n

’
app e a r anthrop omorph iz e d Thus M e n s ho rs e h as
.
,

hu m an fo r e l e gs ; B al aam s ass hu m an sp e e ch ; t he r e tr e at
’
,

ing bull up o n whos e b ack M ithr a spr ings in o rd e r to

,

str ik e him down is accord ing to a P e rs ian l e g e nd actu

, , ,

ally t h e G o d h ims e lf Th e m ock cruc ifix o f t h e P al at ine

.

r e p r e s e nts t he cruc ifi e d w ith an as s s h e ad p e rh aps in ’

,

r e f e r e nc e to t he anc ie nt l e g e nd th at in t he t e mpl e o f
J e rus al e m t he im ag e o f an ass w as worsh ipp e d As .

D ro ss e lb art ( hors e s m ane ) Wot an is h alf hum an

’
-
,

h al f ho rs e
-
An o l d G e r m an r iddl e v e ry p r e tt ily shows
.
4

th is u nity b e tw e e n ho rs e and ho rs e m an Who are t he .

5 “

two who tr av e l to Th ing ? Tog e th e r th e y h av e thr e e

,

e ye s t en f e e t and o ne t ail ; and thu s th e y tr av e l ov e r

6
,

t h e l and L e g e nds ascr ib e p rop e rt ie s to t he ho rs e wh ich

.
,

p sycholog ic ally b e lo ng to t he unconsc iou s o f m an ; hors e s

are cl airvoy ant and cl air aud ie nt ; th e y show t h e w ay wh e n

t h e lo st w and e r e r is h e lpl e s s ; th e y h av e m ant ic pow e rs .

I n t he I l iad t h e hors e p roph e s ie s e v il Th e y h e ar t he .

wo rds wh ich t he co rp s e sp e aks wh e n it is t ak e n to t he

—
gr av e words wh ich m e n c annot h e ar C aes ar l e ar ne d .

fr o m h is hu m an foot e d hors e ( p rob ably t ak e n from t he

-

id e nt ific at io n o f C ae s ar w ith t h e P hryg ian M e n ) th at h e

w as to co nqu e r t h e wo rld An ass p roph e s ie d to Augu stu s
.

t h e v ictory o f Act iu m T h e hors e also s e e s ph antoms

. .

All th e s e t h ings corr e spo nd to typ ic al m anif e st at io ns o f

t h e u nco n sc iou s Th e r e for e it is p e rf e ctly int e ll ig ibl e
.
,
3 10 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
t h at t h e hors e as t h e im ag e o f t h e w ick e d anim al co m po
,

n e n t o f m an h as m anifold co nne ct io n s w ith t h e d e v il

, .

T h e d e v il h as a h o rs e s foot ; in c e rt ain c ircu m st an c e s a

’

ho rs e s for m At cruc ial mom e nts h e su dd e nly shows a

’
.

clov e n fo o t ( p rov e rb ial ) in t h e s am e w ay as in t he ab duc

t io n o f H add ing Sl e ipne ir sudd e nly look e d out from b e
,

h ind Wot an s m ant l e f Ju s t as t h e n ight m ar e r id e s o n

’ ’
.

t h e sl e e p e r so do e s t h e d e v il an d t h e r e fo r e it is s aid
, , , ,

t h at tho se who h av e n ight m a r e s are r idd e n by t h e d e v il .

I n P e rs ian lor e t h e d e v il is t h e st e e d o f G od Th e d e v il .
,

l ik e all e v il th ing s r e p r e s e nts s e xu al ity W itch e s h av e

, .

int e rcou rs e w ith him in wh ich c as e h e app e ars in t h e

,

fo r m o f a go at o r hors e T h e u nm ist ak ably ph all ic .

n atur e o f t he d e v il is co m m u nic at e d to t h e hors e as w e ll ;

h e n c e th is sy m bol o ccu rs in co nne ct io n s wh e r e th is is t h e

o nly m e aning wh ich would fu r nish an e xpl anat io n I t is .

to b e m e nt io ne d th at L ok i g e ne r at e s in t he for m o f a
ho rs e ju st as do e s t h e d e v il wh e n in ho rs e s form as an
,
’
,

old fire g o d Thu s t h e l ight ning w as r e p r e s e nt e d th e r io

.

m orph ic ally as a ho rs e An u ne du c at e d hyst e r ic told m e

.
8

t h at as a ch ild sh e h ad su f fe r e d from e x t r e m e fe ar o f
t hu nd e r b e c au s e e v e ry t im e t h e l ight ning fl a sh e d sh e saw
,

imm e d iat e ly a ft e rw ards a hug e bl ack hors e r e ach ing up

w ards as far as t h e sky I t is said in a l e g e n d th at t h e
.
9

d e v il as t h e d iv init y o f l ight n ing c asts a hors e s foot

, ,
’

( l igh t n in g ) upo n t h e ro o f s I n a cco rd an c e w ith

. t h e

p r im it iv e m e aning o f thu nd e r as fe rt il iz e r o f t h e e arth ,

t h e ph all ic m e aning is g iv e n both t o l ight ning and t h e

hors e s foot I n m yth o logy t h e h o rs e s fo o t r e ally h as

’
.
’

t h e ph all ic fu nct io n a s in th is dr e am An u ne duc at e d .

312 PS YC H OLOGY OF TH E UN C O N S C I OUS
t ain s w ith his hoo f T h e hors e sho e an e qu iv al e nt for
.
,

hors e s fo ot br ings luck and h as apotrop aic m e aning

’
,
1 3
.

I n t h e N e th e rl ands an e nt i r e ho rs e s foot is hu ng up in
’

t h e s t abl e to w ard ag ainst so rc e ry T h e analogou s e ffe ct

.

o f t h e ph allu s is w e ll kn ow n ; h e nc e t h e ph all i at t h e
g at e s I n p ar t icul ar t h e hors e s l e g tu r ne d l ight ning as id e
.
’
,

a cco rd in g t o t h e p r in c ipl e s im il ia s im il ibu s .

Hors e s also sym bol iz e t he w ind th at is to say t he , ,

t e rt ium co m p arat io nis is ag ain t h e l ib ido symbol T h e .

G e rm an l e g e nd r e cogn iz e s t h e w ind as t he w ild hu nts

m an in pursu it o f t h e m aid e n S to rmy r e gio n s fr e qu e ntly
.

d e r iv e th e ir n am e s from hors e s as t h e Wh it e Ho rs e ,

M ou nt ain o f t h e L une b urge r h e ath Th e c e nt aurs are .

typ ic al w ind gods and h av e b e e n r e p r e s e nt e d as su ch by

,

B 6 ckl in s art ist ic intu it io n

’
.

Ho rs e s also s ignify fire and l ight T h e fi e ry hors e s o f .

H e l io s are an e x ampl e T h e ho rs e s o f H e cto r are c all e d

.

X antho s ( y e llow b r ight ) P o darg o s ( sw ift foot e d )

, ,
-
,

L am po s ( sh ining ) an d Ait h o n ( bur ning ) A v e ry pro .

no unc e d fire sy m bol ism w as r e pr e s e nt e d by t h e myst ic

Q u adr ig a m e nt io ne d by Dio Chrysostomu s T h e su

, .

p r e m e G o d alw ays dr iv e s h is ch ar iot in a c ircl e F ou r .

hors e s are h ar ne ss e d to t h e ch ar iot T h e hors e dr iv e n .

o n t h e p e r iph e ry mov e s v e ry qu ickly H e h as a sh ining .

co at and b e ars upo n it t h e s igns o f t h e pl ane ts and t he

,

Z od iac Th is is a r e p r e s e nt at io n o f t h e rot ary fire o f

.
1 5

h e av e n Th e s e co nd hors e m ov e s m or e slowly and is

.
,

illu m in at e d o nly o n o ne s id e T h e th ird m ov e s st ill m or e

.

slowly and t h e fourth r o t at e s a r o u nd h im s e lf

,
B ut o nc e .

t h e out e r hors e se t t h e s e co nd hors e o n fire w ith h is fi e ry

 THE B ATT LE FO R D EL I V ER A N C E 313

br e ath and t he th ird fl o o d e d t h e fou rth w ith h is str e am

,

ing sw e at Th e n t h e hors e s d issolv e and p ass ov e r into

.

t h e sub st anc e o f t h e stro ng e st and m o st fi e ry wh ich n o w ,

b e co m e s t he ch ar iot e e r T h e ho rs e s al so r e pr e s e nt t he.

four e l e m e nts T he c at astrop h e signifi e s t he c o n fl ag ra

.

t io n o f t h e world and t h e d e lug e wh e r e up o n t he d iv is io n ,

o f t he G od into m any p arts c e as e s and t h e d iv ine u nity ,

is r e sto r e d D oubtl e ss t he Qu adr ig a may b e u nd e rstood

.
16

astro no m ic ally as a sym b o l o f t im e W e alr e ady saw in .

t h e fi rst p art th at t h e sto ic r e p r e s e nt at io n o f F at e is a

fire symbol I t is th e r e fo r e a log ic al co nt inu at io n o f

.
, ,

t h e thought wh e n t i m e clos e ly r e l at e d to t h e co nc e pt io n
, ,

o f d e st iny e xh ib its th is s am e l ib ido sy m bol is m B rih ada

,
.

ranyaka U p anish ad i : 1
-
s ays : , ,

T h e m o rning g l o w v e rily is t he he ad o f t he sac rifi c ial ho rse ,

t he su n h is e ye t he w in d his b re at h t h e all sp re ad ing fi re h is
, ,
-

m o u t h , t he y e ar is t he b el l y o f t he sac ri c ial fi ho rse . T he sky is

h is b ac k t h e
, at m o sph e re t h e c av e rn o f his body , t h e e art h t h e v au t l
o f h is b e ll y . T he po l e s are h is sid e s, in b e t w ee n t h e p o l es his rib s,
t he se aso ns h is l im b s t he m o nt hs and fo rt nigh t s h is j o int s
,
D ay s .

and n igh t s are h is fe e t , st ars h is b o nes c l ou d s h is fl e sh

, . T he fo o d
he d ig est s is t he d ese rt s , t he i
r v e rs are h is v e ins, t he m o u nt ains h is
l iv e r and l u ng s , t he he rb s an d t re e s h is h air ; t h e rising su n is h is
fo re p art , t he se t t ing su n h is aft e r p art . T he oc e an is h is k insm an ,
”
t h e se a h is c rad l e .

The ho rs e u ndoubt e dly h e r e st ands for a t im e symbol ,

and also for t h e e nt ir e world W e co m e acro s s in t h e .

M ithr aic r e l ig io n a str ang e G od o f T im e A io n, , ,

c all e d K ro nos o r D e u s L e o nt o ce ph alus b e c au s e his ,

st e r e otyp e d r e p r e s e nt at io n is a l io n h e ad e d m an who -
, ,

st and ing in a r ig id att itu d e is e nco il e d by a s nak e whos e , ,

314 PSY C H OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
h e ad p roj e c t s forw ard fro m b e h ind ov e r t he l io n s ’

h e ad T h e figu r e hold s in e ach h an d a ke y o n t h e ch e st

.
,

r e s t s a thu nd e rbolt up o n h is b ack are t h e fou r w ings o f

,

t h e w in d ; in add it io n to th at t h e figur e so m e t im e s b e ars

,

t h e Z od ia c o n h is body Add it io nal attr ibut e s are a cock

.

and im pl e m e nts I n t h e C ar o l ing ian p s alt e r o f U tr e cht

.
,

wh ich is b as e d up o n anc ie nt m od e ls t h e S aeculu m A io n i s ,

-

r e p r e s e nt e d as a n ak e d m an w ith a s n ak e in his h and A s .

is sugg e st e d by t he n am e o f t h e d iv init y he is a sy m bol ,

of t im e m ost int e r e st ingly co m po s e d fro m l ib ido

,

sym bols T h e l io n t h e z o d iac s ign o f t h e gr e at e st sum

.
,

m e r h e at is t h e sy m bol o f t h e m os t m igh t y d e sir e

,
1 7
.

M y soul ro ars w it h t h e v o ic e o f a hu ngry l io n s ays ,

M e chth ild o f M agd e bu rg ) I n t h e M it hr a m y st e ry t h e

.

s e rp e nt is o ft e n ant ago nist ic to t h e l io n corr e spo nd ing to ,

th at v e ry u niv e rs al m yth o f t h e b attl e o f t h e sun w ith t h e

dr ago n .

I n t h e E gypt ian B o o k o f t h e D e ad T um is e v e n d e sig ,

n at e d as a h e c at b e c au s e as such h e fought t h e s n ak e
-

, ,

Ap o ph is T h e e nc o il ing also m e ans t h e e ngulfi ng t h e

.
,

e nt e r ing int o t h e m o t h e r s wo m b Thu s t im e is d e fi ne d

’
.

by t h e r ising and se t t ing o f t h e sun th at is t o say through , ,

t h e d e at h an d r e ne w al o f t h e l ib ido T h e add it io n o f t h e
.

c o ck ag ain sugg e st s t im e and t h e add it io n o f im pl e m e nt s

,

sugg e s t s t h e cr e at io n t hr o ugh t im e D uré e cré at r ic e

.
,

B e rg so n ) O ro m az de s and Ahr im an w e r e p r o duc e d

.

t hrough e an akaran a t he in fi n it e ly l o ng dur at io n

,
.

T im e t h is e m p t y and pu r e ly fo r m al c o n c e p t is e xpr e ss e d
, ,

in t h e m y st e r ie s by t r an s fo r m at io n s o f t he cr e at iv e pow e r ,

t h e l ib id o M acr o b iu s says
.
316 P SY C H OLOGY OF T H E UN C ON S C I OUS
wom e n f e tch t he souls ( V alkyr ie s ) N e o G r e e k so ngs .
-

r e p r e s e nt Ch aro n o n a hors e Th e s e d e fi nit io ns obv iou sly

.

l e ad to t h e moth e r sym bol is m T h e Troj an hors e w as .

t h e o nly m e an s by wh ich t h e c ity could b e co n qu e r e d ; b e

c aus e o nly h e who h as e nt e r e d t h e moth e r and b e e n r e born

is an inv inc ibl e h e ro T h e Troj an hors e is a m agic
.

ch ar m l ik e t h e N o dfyr wh ich also s e rv e s to ov e rcom e

, ,

n e c e s s ity T h e formul a e v id e ntly r e ads

. I n ord e r to ,

ov e rco m e t h e difli cul t y thou m ust c o m m it inc e st and

, ,

o n c e m o r e b e b or n fro m thy m oth e r I t app e ars th at .

s t r ik ing a n ail into t h e s acr e d t r e e s ignifi e s s o m e th ing v e ry

s im il ar T h e S to ck im E is e n in V ie nn a s e e m s to h av e
.

b e e n su ch a p all ad ium .

S t ill anoth e r sym b ol ic f o r m is to b e co ns id e r e d O cc a .

sio n all y t h e d e v il r id e s up o n a thr e e l e gg e d hors e T he

-
.

G odd e s s o f D e ath H e l in t im e o f p e s t il e n c e also r id e s

, , ,

up o n a t hr e e l e gg e d hors e
-
T h e g ig ant ic ass wh ich is
.
21
,

t hr e e l e gg e d
-
s t ands in t h e h e av e nly r ain l ak e Vo uru
,

k ash a ; h is u r ine pur ifi e s t h e w at e r o f t h e l ak e and fro m ,

h is r o ar al l u se ful anim al s b e co m e pr e g n an t and all h arm

ful an im als m isc arry T h e Tr iad fu rth e r po ints t o t h e
.

ph all ic s ignific anc e T h e co ntr as t ing sy m bol is m o f H e l is

.

bl e nd e d int o o ne co nc e pt io n in t h e ass o f Vo u rukash a .

T h e lib ido is fru c t ify ing as w e ll as d e s t roy ing .

Th e se d e fi nit io n s as a wh o l e pl ainly r e v e al t h e fu n d a
, ,

m e nt al fe at ur e s T h e h o rs e is a l ib id o sym b o l p ar t ly o f
.
,

ph all ic p artly o f m at e r n al signific anc e l ik e t h e t r e e I t

, ,
.

r e pr e s e nts t h e l ib ido in t h is appl ic at io n th at is t h e l ib ido , ,

r e pr e ss e d t hrough t h e in c e s t p roh ib it io n .
 THE B ATT LE FO R D EL I V ER A N C E 317

In t he M ill e r dr am a an I nd ian
h e ro a ppro ach e s t he ,

r e ady to S h o o t an arr o w at h im Ch iw ant o p e l how e v e r .

, ,

w it h a p rou d g e stu r e e xpos e s h is b r e ast to t h e e ne m y

, .

Th is id e a r e m inds t he auth o r o f t h e sc e ne b e tw e e n C ass iu s

and B rutu s in S h ak e sp e ar e s Jul iu s C wsar ’ “
A m isu n .

d e rst anding h as ar is e n b e tw e e n t h e two fr ie nds wh e n ,

B rutu s r e p ro ach e s C ass iu s for w ithhold ing from him t he

m o n e y fo r t h e l e g io ns C ass ius irr it abl e and angry
.
, ,

b r e aks out into t h e compl aint

Com e Ant ony and you ng O c t av ius c om e

, , , ,

R ev e nge y o u rselv e s al one o n C assius ,

Fo r C assiu s is a w e ary o f t he w o rl d
-

H at e d b y o ne he l ov es : b rav e d b y h is b ro t he r
Che c k d l ik e a b o nd m an ; al l his fau l t s o b serv e d
’

S e t in a no t e b o o k l e arn d and c o nn d b y ro t e
’ ’
-
, ,

T o c ast int o m y t e e t h O I c o u l d w e ep
M y sp irit fro m m ine e y es l—T he re is m y d agge r
.

And h ere m y n ak e d b re ast ; w it h in a he art ,

D e are r t han P l u t us m ine ric h e r t h an g o l d

’
,

I f t h at t h o u b e e st a R o m an t ak e it fo rt h ,

I t h at d e nie d t hee g o l d w ill g iv e m y he art

, , .

S t rike as t ho u d id st at C aesar ; fo r I k no w
,

Whe n t ho u d id st h at e h im w o rst t ho u l ov dst h im b e t t e r ,

’

T h an e v e r t hou l ov dst C assius ’

.
”

Th e m at e r ial h e r e would b e incompl e t e w ithout m e n

t io ning t h e f act th at th is sp e e ch o f C ass iu s shows m any

analog ie s to t h e ago niz e d d e l ir iu m o f Cyr ano ( comp ar e

P art I ) o nly C ass ius is far m o r e th e atr ic al and ov e r

,

dr aw n S o m e th ing ch ild ish and hyst e r ic al is in his m an

.

ne r. B rutu s do e s no t th ink o f k ill ing him but adm inis ,

t e rs a v e ry ch ill ing r e buk e in t he follow ing d ialo gu e

318 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
B R U T U S : S he at he y o u r d agge r
Be ang r y w he n yo u w ill , it h all h av e
s sc o p e

Do w h at yo u w ill , d isho no r sh al l b e hu m o r .

0 Cassius , y o u ar e y o ke d w it h a l am b
T h at c arries ang e r as t h efl int b e ars fi re
W ho , m u c h e n fo rc e d S ho w s a h ast y S p ark
, ,

And st raig h t is c o l d ag ain .

C A SS I U S H at h C assiu s l iv ’
d
T o b e b u t m irt h an d l au gh t e r to his B ru t u s
Wh e n gr ei f and blood ill -
t e m p e re d v ex e t h h im ?

B R U T U S : Wh e n I sp o ke t h at , I w as il l t e m p e re d t o o
-
.

C A SS I U S : Do yo u c o n fe ss so m uc h ? G iv e me y ou r h and .

B RU T u s : And m y he art t oo .

C A SS I U S O B ru t us !
B R U T US Wh at ’
s t he m at t e r ?

C A S S I U S : H av e no t yo u l ov e e no u gh t o b e ar w it h m e
Wh e n t h at rash hum o r w hic h m y m o t he r g av e me
M ak e s m e fo rg e t fu l ?
B RUT U S Y e s, C assiu s ,
and fro m h e nc e fo rt h
Whe n yo u are o v e r e arne st w it h y o u r B ru t us ,

H e l l t h ink y o u r m o t h e r c h id es and l e av e yo u so
’
.

T he ly t ic int e rp r e t at io n o f C ass iu s s irr it ab il ity ’

an a

pl ainly r e v e als th at at t h e s e m o m e nts h e id e nt ifi e s h im se l f

w it h t he m o th e r and his co ndu c t t h e r e for e is t ru ly f e m i
, , ,

n ine as his sp e e ch d e m o n str at e s m os t e xc e ll e n t ly

,
F or his .

w o m anish lov e s e e k ing and d e sp e r at e subj e ct io n u nd e r

-

t h e proud m ascul ine w ill o f B ru t u s c alls for t h t h e fr ie ndly

r e m ark o f t h e l at t e r th at C as siu s is yok e d w ith a l am b

, ,

t h at is to s ay h as s o m e t h in g v e ry w e ak in h is ch ar ac t e r
, ,
3 20 P SY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
h e ro alw ays comb ine s in h im s e l f al l w ish e d for id e als -
.

Cyr ano s att itud e is c e rt ainly b e aut iful and im p r e ss iv e ;

’

C ass iu s s b e h av io r h as a th e atr ic al e ffe ct B o th h e ro e s

’
.

p r e p ar e to d ie e ffe ct iv e ly in wh ich att e m pt Cyr ano su c ,

c e e ds Th is att itud e b e tr ays a w ish fo r d e at h in t he un

.

co nsc iou s o f our autho r t h e m e aning o f wh ich w e h av e ,

alr e ady d iscuss e d at l e ngth as t h e m ot iv e fo r h e r po e m

o f t h e m oth T h e w ish o f you ng g irl s to die is o nly an

.

ind ir e ct e xpr e ss io n wh ich r e m ains a pos e e v e n in c as e

, ,

o f r e al d e ath fo r d e ath its e l f c an b e a po s e S u ch an

, .

outcom e m e r e ly adds b e auty and v alu e to t h e pos e u nd e r

c e rt ain co nd it io ns Th at t h e h igh e st summ it o f l if e is
.

e xp r e ss e d through t h e sy m bol is m o f d e ath is a w e ll k nown -

fact ; fo r cr e at io n b e yo n d o n e s s e lf m e ans p e rso nal d e ath

’
.

T h e com ing g e ne r at io n is t h e e n d o f t h e p r e c e d ing o ne .

Th is sym bol is m is fr e qu e nt in e rot ic sp e e ch Th e l asc iv i .

ou s sp e e ch b e tw e e n L u c iu s and t h e w anto n s e rv ant m aid -

in Apul e iu s M e t am o rpho s e s l ib i i : 3 2 ) is o ne o f t h e , .

cl e ar e st e x ampl e s

P roe l iare , inq u it , e t fo rt it e r p roel iare : nec e nim t ib i ce d am ,

ne e t e rg a v o rt am C o m inu s in aspe c t u m S i v ir e s, d irig e ; e t
.
,

g rassare n av it e r, e t o c c ide m o rit u ru s H o d ie rna pu gna no n h ab e t

—
.

m issio nem . S im u l am bo c o rru im u s int e r m u t uo s am p l ex us anim as

”
anhe l ant es .

Th is sy m bol is m is e xtr e m e ly s ignific ant b e c aus e it ,

shows how e as ily a co ntr ast ing e xpr e ss io n o r ig inat e s and

She sa id fi g h t b a ly f I w i l l n t g i aw ay an
,
an d r ve , or o ve

i nc h n o r t u rn my b ack F ac t f ac c m n i f y u a a m an ! S t i k
. e o e, o e o o re r e

h ome, do y o ur w t
o rs nd d i ! aT h b at t l t h i d y i w i t h ut q u a t
e e e s a s o r er

t il l . w e ary in b dy nd m i nd w l i p w l
o a a nd g a p i ng f
,
e e b e at h
o e r e ss s or r

in ea ch o t h e r s a rm s
’
.
 TH E B ATT LE FO R D EL I V ER A N C E 321

how e qu ally int e ll ig ibl e and ch ar act e r ist ic such an e xpr e s

s io n is T h e p roud g e stur e w ith wh ich t h e h e ro offe rs
.

h im s e l f to d e ath m ay v e ry e as ily b e an ind ir e ct e xp r e ss io n

“

wh ich ch all e ng e s t h e p ity or sy m p athy o f t h e oth e r and ,

thu s is doom e d to t h e c alm analyt ic r e du ct io n to wh ich

B rutu s p ro c e e ds T h e b e h av ior o f Chiw ant o p e l is also
.

su sp ic iou s b e c aus e t h e C ass ius sc e ne wh ich s e rv e s as it s

,

mod e l b e tr ays ind iscr e e tly th at t h e whol e affair is m e r e ly

in f ant il e and o ne wh ich ow e s it s or ig in to an ov e r act iv e
m oth e r im ago Wh e n we co m p ar e th is p ie c e w ith t he
.

s e r ie s o f moth e r symbols b rought to l ight in t h e p r e v iou s

ch apt e r we must say th at t he C ass iu s sc e n e m e r e ly con
,

fi rms o nc e mo r e wh at w e h av e lo ng suppo s e d th at is to
say th at t h e motor pow e r o f th e s e symbol ic V i s i o n s ar is e s
,

fro m an inf ant il e moth e r tr ans f e r e nc e th at is to say , ,

from an und e t ach e d bo nd to t h e m oth e r .

I n t h e dr am a t he l ib ido in co ntr ad ist inct ion to t h e in

,

a ct iv e n atur e o f t h e p r e v iou s symbols assum e s a thr e at e n

,

ing act iv ity a co nfl ict b e co m ing e v id e nt in wh ich t h e o ne

, ,

p art thr e at e ns t he oth e r w ith murd e r Th e h e ro as t h e

.
,

id e al im ag e o f t h e dr e am e r is incl ine d to die ; h e do e s not

,

f e ar d e ath I n accord anc e w ith t he inf ant il e ch ar act e r o f

.

th is h e ro it would mo st sur e ly b e t im e for h im to t ak e his

,

d e p artu r e from t h e st ag e o r in ch ild ish l angu ag e to die

, , , .

D e ath is to com e to him in t he for m o f an arrow wou nd -

.

Co ns id e r ing t he f act th at h e ro e s th e ms e lv e s are v e ry

o ft e n gr e at arch e rs or su ccumb to an arrow wou nd ( S t -
.

S e b astian as an e x ampl e ) it m ay no t b e sup e rfluou s to

, ,

inqu ir e into t h e m e aning o f d e ath through an arrow .

W e r e ad in t he b iogr aphy o f t he st igm at iz e d nun K ath

3 22 PSY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
er in e E m m e r ich t he follow ing d e scr ipt ion o f
22
t he e v i

d e nt ly n e urot ic s ickn e s s o f h e r h e art :

Wh en on ly in h er nov it iat e , sh e
‘

C hrist mas
re c e i e vd as a

p r ese n t f r o m t h e h o l y C h rist a v e ry t o rm e n t in g h e a r t t ro u b l e fo r

t h e w ho l e p e rio d o f h e r nu n s l ife G o d sho w e d h e r inw ard l y

’
.

t h e p u rp o se ; it w as o n ac co u n t o f t he d e c l ine o f t h e sp irit o f t h e

o rd e r e sp ec ial l y fo r t h e sins o f h e r fe ll o w sist e rs B u t w h at -

.
,

re n d e re d t h is t ro u b l e m o st p ain fu l w as t h e g ift w hic h S he h ad

p ossesse d fro m y o u t h nam e l y t o se e b e fo re h e r e y e s t he inne r

, ,

n at u re o f m an as h e re al l y w as S he fe l t t h e h e art t ro ub l e
.

p hy sic all y as if h e r h e art w as c o nt inu al l y p ie rc e d b y arro w s

23

—
.

T h e se a rr o w s and t h is rep rese nt e d t he S t il l w o rse m e nt al S u f

fe ring— S he re c o g niz e d as t h e t h o u gh t s p l o t s s e c r e t sp
,
ee c h e s , ,

m isu nd e rst and ing s sc and al and u nc h arit ab l e ne ss in w h ic h h e r

, ,

fell ow S ist e rs w ho l l y w it ho u t re aso n and u nsc ru p u l o usl y w e re

-
, ,

e ng ag e d ag ainst h e r and h e r g o d fe aring w a

”
y o f l ife
-
.

I t is d iffi cult to b e s aint b e c aus e e v e n a p at ie nt and

a ,

lo ng su ffe r ing nat u r e w ill no t r e ad ily b e ar su ch a v iol a

-

t io n and d e f e nds its e lf in it s o wn w ay T h e comp anion

, .

o f san ct ity is t e mpt at io n w ithout wh ich no tru e s aint can

,

l iv e W e kn ow from analy t ic e xp e r ie n c e t h at th e s e
“

t e mpt at io ns c an p as s u nco nsc iou sly so th at o nly th eir ,

e qu ival e nts would b e p roduc e d in co n sc ious ne s s in t h e

form o f sym pto m s W e kn ow th at it is prov e rb ial th at

.

h e art and sm art ( H e rz and S chm e r z ) rhym e I t is a .

w e ll known f act th at hyst e r ics put a phys ic al p ain in pl ac e

-

o f a m e nt al p ain T h e b iogr aph e r o f E mm e r ich h as com

.

p r e h e nd e d th at v e ry corr e c t ly O nly h e r int e rpr e t at io n o f

.

t h e p ain is as u su al p roj e ct e d
,
I t is alw ays t h e oth e rs
,
.

who s e cr e tly ass e rt all so r t s o f e v il t h ing s abou t h e r and ,

th is sh e pr e t e nd e d g av e h e r t he p ain s T h e c ase how .

24
,
3 24 P SY C H OLOG Y OF TH E U N C ON S C I OUS

S l ightly ch ang e d m e t aphor ic ally as comp ar e d w ith t h e ,

an c ie n t co n c e pt io n o f u nio m yst ica as coh ab it at io n ,

w ith t he god E mm e r ich r e l at e s t h e follow ing o f h e r

.

st igm at iz at io n

I h ad a c o nt e m p at io n l of t h e su ffe rings o f C h rist , and im

p l o re d h im to l e t m e fee l w it h h im h is so rro w s, and p ray e d fiv e
p at e rno st e rs t o t he h o no r o f t he fiv e sac re d w o und s . L y ing on

m y b e d w it h o u t st re t c h e d m s, I e nt e re d int o a g re at sw e e t ne ss
ar

and int o d l e ss t h irst

an e n fo r t he t o rm e nt s o f J esu s T h e n I saw .

a l ig h t d e sc e nd ing u p o n m e : it c am e o b l ique l y fro m b

a ov e . It
w as a c ru c ifi e d b o d y l iv ing and ,
d d t ransp are n t , w it h arm s e x t e n e ,

b u t w it ho u t a c ro ss T h e w ou n d s shon e b righ t e r t h an t h e b o d y ;
.

t he y w e re fi v e c irc l e s o f gl o ry c o m ing fo rt h fro m t h e w ho l e g l o ry

,
.

I w as e nrap t u re d and m y he art w as m ov e d w it h g re at p ain and

ye t w it h sw ee t ness fro m l o ng ing t o sh are in t h e t o rm e nt s o f my
S av iour . And my l ong ings fo r t he so rrow s of t he R e d e em e r
inc re ase d m o re and m o re on g az ing on h is w oun d s, and p asse d
fro m m y b re ast , t h ro u gh m y h and s, S id e s and fe e t to h is h o l y
w o u nd s : t he n fro m t h e h and s, t h e n fro m t h e d
si e s, t hen from
t he fe e t of t he fi gu re t h ree fo ld Sh ining re d b e am s e nd ing b e l ow
h and s S id e s and fe e t
”
in an arro w , sho t fo rt h to my , .

T he b e ams in accord anc e w ith t h e ph all ic fu nd am e nt al

,

thought are thr e e fold t e r m inat ing b e low in an arrow

, ,

po int . L ik e Cup id t h e sun too h as it s qu iv e r full o f

28
, , , ,

d e stroy ing o r f e rt il iz ing arrows sun r ays wh ich p o ss e ss , ,

29

ph all ic m e aning O n th is s ignific anc e e v id e ntly r e sts t h e

.

O r ie nt al cu sto m o f de signat ing br av e so ns as arrows and

'

j av e l ins o f t h e p ar e nts To m ak e sharp arrows is an .

Ar ab ian e xp r e ss io n fo r to g e ne r at e br av e so ns T he .

P s alms d e cl ar e ( cxxv ii : 4 )

L ik e as t he arrow s in t he h and s o f t he g iant ; e v e n so are t he

”
young c hil d re n .
 THE B ATT LE FO R D EL I V ER A N C E 3 25

( Comp a r e w ith th is t h e r e m a rks p r e v iously m a d e

about boys B e c aus e o f t h is s ignific an c e o f t h e arrow

.

it is int e ll ig ibl e why t he S cyth ian k ing Ariant e s wh e n h e ,

w ish e d to p r e p ar e a c e nsu s d e m and e d an arrow h e ad ,

-

from e ach m an A S im il ar m e aning att ach e s e qu ally to

'

t h e l an c e M e n are d e sc e nd e d from t h e l anc e b e c au s e

.
,

t h e ash is t h e moth e r o f l anc e s Th e r e for e t h e m e n o f .

,

t h e I ro n Ag e are d e r iv e d from h e r Th e m arr iag e cu s .

tom to wh ich O v id allud e s ( Com at v irg ine as h ast a “

r e curv a c o m as F as t o rum l ib i i : 5 60 ) h as alr e ady

-
,
.

b e e n m e ntio ne d K aine us issu e d a co mm and th at his

.

l anc e b e honor e d Pind ar r e l at e s in t h e l e g e nd o f th is

.

K aine u s

He d esce nd e d int o t he d e p t hs ,
sp l it t ing t he e art h w it h a
” 8°
st raigh t foo t .

H e is s aid to h av e o r ig inally b e e n a m aid e n n am e d

K ainis who b e c au s e o f h e r compl ais anc e w as tr an s
, , ,

form e d into an invul ne r abl e m an by P o s e ido n O v id .

p ictu r e s t h e b attl e o f t he L apit h w w ith t he invul ne r abl e

K aine us ; how at l ast th e y cov e r e d h im co m pl e t e ly w ith
tr e e s b e c aus e th e y could no t oth e rw is e touch him O v id
,
.

s ays at th is pl ac e

E x it u s in d ub io e st : a i i su bl inania c o rp us

T art ara de t rusum sil v arum m o l e fe re b ant ,

Ab nu it A m p y c id es : m e dio q ue e x agge re fu lv is
V id it av em p e nnis l iqu id as e x ire su b au ras .
”

* T he l
r e su t d ub t f u l : t h b dy b n d w n b y t h w i g h t f t h
is o e o or e o e e o e

f o re st isca rr e i d i nt e m pty T a t a : A m pyc i d d ni t h i : f m ut

o r ro s es e es s ro o

of th e mid t s o f th ma e h e ss,b i d w i t h t aw ny f at h e
e s es a i su i nt
r e rs s e o

th e l i qu i d air.
3 26 PSY C H OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
Ro sch e r co n s id e r s th is b ird to b e t he g o ld e n plov e r
( Ch a r adr iu s pluv ia l is ) wh ich b o rrows it s
, n am e from t he
'

fact th at it l iv e s in t h e X a p ct op a a cr e v ic e in t h e e arth , .

B y h i s so ng h e p rocl aim s t h e app r o ach ing r ain K aine us .

w as ch ang e d int o th is b ird .

W e se e ag ain in th is l ittl e m yth t h e typ ic al co nst itu e nts

o f t h e l ib id o m yth : o r ig inal b ise xu al ity imm ort al ity ( in ,

vul ne r ab il ity ) thr o ugh e n tr an c e int o t h e m o t h e r ( spl it

t ing t he m o th e r w ith t h e foot and to b e co m e cov e r e d up ) ,

and r e su rr e ct io n as a b ird o f t h e s o ul and a br ing e r o f

f e rt il ity ( asc e nd ing sun ) Wh e n t h is t yp e o f h e ro c au s e s

.

h is l an ce to b e worsh ipp e d it pr o b ably m e an s th at h is

~

l an c e is a v al id an d e qu iv al e nt e xpr e ss io n o f h im
sel f .

F ro m ou r p r e s e nt st andpo int w e u nd e rst and in a ne w ,

se n s e th at p ass ag e in b wh ich I t io d i Ch p
J o m e n n e ,
n a s

t e r I V o f t h e fi rst p art o f th is book

H e h as se t me up fo r h is m ark .

H is arc he rs c o m p ass me ro u n d b
a ou t , he l
c e av e t h my re ins

asu n der , and doth no t sp are —h e p o u re t h ou t m y g all up on t he

g ro u nd .

He b re ake t h m e w it h b re ac h upo n b re ach : he runne t h up o n

m e l ik e a g ian t .
—l . ob xv i: 12 1-
3
-
14 .

N ow u nd e rs t and th is symbol is m as an e xpr e ss io n

we
fo r t he s o ul t o r m e nt c aus e d by t h e o n sl aught o f t h e un
-

co nsc io us d e sir e s T h e l ib ido f e st e rs in his fl e sh a cru e l

.
,

g o d h a s t ak e n p o s se s s io n o f h im an d p ie rc e d h im w it h
h is p ain ful lib id ian p r o j e c t il e s w it h t hough t s wh ich ov e r , ,

wh e l m ing ly p ass t hr o ugh him ( As a d e m e n t ia p r wc ox .

p at ie nt o nce s aid t o me du r ing h is r e cov e ry : To day a -

3 28 P S YC H OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS

t he o ft r e p e at e d m artyrdo m o f S t S e b ast ian wh e r e in

-
.
, ,

t h e d e l ic a e g l o wing fl e sh o f t h e you ng god all t h e p ain

t i
,

o f r e nu n c iat io n wh ich h as b e e n f e lt by t h e art ist h as b e e n

p ortr ay e d An art ist alw ays e mbo d ie s in his art ist ic work
.

a p ort io n o f t h e myst e r ie s o f his t im e I n a h e ight e ne d

.

d e gr e e t he s am e is tru e o f t he p r inc ip al Chr ist ian symbol ,

t h e cruc ifi e d o ne p ie rc e d by t h e l an c e t h e co nc e pt io n o f
,

t h e m an o f t h e Chr ist ian e ra to rm e nt e d by his w ish e s ,

cruc ifi e d and dy ing in Chr ist .

Th is is no t tor m e nt wh ich co m e s from w ithout wh ich ,

b e f alls m ank ind ; but th at h e h ims e lf is t he hu nt e r mu r ,

d e r e r sacrifice r and s acr ific ial k nif e is show n u s in anoth e r

,

o f N ie tz sch e s p o e m s wh e r e in t he app ar e nt du al ism is

’

tr ans fo rm e d into t he soul confl ict through t he use o f t he

s am e symbol ism
O h Z arat h ust ra,
,

M ost c ru e l N im ro d !
Wh il o m h u nt e r of G od
T he sn are o f all v irt u e ,

An arro w o f e v il !
N ow
H u nt e d b y t hy sel f
T h ine o w n p re y
P ie rc e d t h ro u gh t h ysel f ,

N ow
A l o ne w it h t he e
Tw o fo l d in t h ine o w n k now l e d ge
M id a h u nd re d m irro rs
F al se t o t hy se l f ,

M id a h u nd re d m e m o rie s
U nc e rt ain
A il ing w it h e ac h w o und
S h iv e ring w it h e ac h fro st
 TH E B ATT LE FO R D EL I V ER A N C E 3 29

C au gh t in t h ine o w n sn are s,

S el f k now e r !
S el f h angm an !

W hy d id st t ho u st rangl e t hy self
W it h t he noose o t y w sd
f h i o m ?

W hy h ast t ho u e nt ic e d t hy se l f
I nt o t he P arad ise o f t he o l d se rpe nt ?
W hy hast t ho u c rep t
I nt o t hy se l f t hy se l f?
,

T he d e adly arrows do no t str ik e t he h e ro from w ith

out but it is h e h ims e l f who in d ish armo ny w ith h ims e lf
, , ,

hu nts fights and tortur e s h ims e lf W ith in h ims e lf w ill

, .

h as tu rn e d ag ainst w ill l ib ido ag ainst l ib ido —th e r e fo r e

, ,

”
t he po e t s ays ,
P ie rc e d through thys e l f th at is to say , ,

wound e d by his o wn arrow B e c au s e we h av e d isc e r ne d

.

th at t he arrow is a l ib ido symbol t he id e a o f p e ne t rat ,

”
ing o r p ie rc ing through cons e qu e ntly b e com e s cl e ar to
u s I t is a ph all ic act o f u nio n With o ne s s e lf a sort o f
.
’
,

s e l f f e rt il iz at ion ( introv e rs io n ) ; also a s e lf v iol at io n a

- -
,

s e lf mu rd e r ; th e r e fo r e Z ar athu str a m ay c all h ims e lf h is

-
,

o wn h angm an l ik e O d in who s acr ifi c e s h ims e l f to O d in

, , .

T h e wound ing by o ne s o wn arrow m e ans fi rst o f al l

’

, ,

t h e s t a t e o f int r o v e rsio n Wh at th is s ignifi e s we alr e ady

.

—
know t he l ib ido s inks into it s o wn d e pths ( a w e ll “

know n comp ar ison o f N ie tzsch e s ) and fi nds th e r e b e low ’

,

in t h e sh adows o f t h e u nc o nsc iou s t h e subst itut e fo r t he ,

upp e r world wh ich it h as ab and o ne d : t h e w o rl d o f m e m

,

o rie s m id a hu ndr e d m e m o r ie s t h e str o ng e st and

mo st influ e nt ial o f wh ich are t he e arly in fant il e m e m o ry

i ctur es I t is t h e world o f t h e ch ild th is p ar ad ise l ik e
p
-
.
,
3 30 P SY CH OLOG Y OF TH E U N C ON S C I OUS

st at e o f e arl ie st ch ildhood fro m wh ich w e are s e p ar at e d ,

by a h ard l aw I n th is subt e rr ane an k ingdo m slu m b e r

.

sw e e t f e e l ings o f ho m e and t he e n dl e ss h o p e s o f all th at

is to b e As H e in r ich in t he S u nk e n B e ll by G e rh ar t
.
,

H auptm an n s ays in sp e ak ing o f his m ir aculou s work :

, ,

T he re is a so ng l o st and fo rgo t t e n,
A so ng o f ho m e , a l ov e so ng o f c h i l d hoo d ,
B ro u gh t u p fro m t he d e p t hs o f t he fairy w e l l ,
Know n t o al l b u t ye t u nhe ard
,
.

How e v e r as M e ph istoph e l e s s ays

, T h e d ang e r is ,

gr e at . Th e s e d e pths are e nt ic ing ; th e y are t h e moth e r

a d
n — d e ath Wh e n t h e l ib ido l e av e s t h e b r ight upp e r
.

world wh e th e r from t he d e c is io n o f t h e in d iv idu al o r

,

from d e cr e as ing l if e forc e th e n it s inks b ack into it s o wn ,

d e pths into t he sou rc e fro m wh ich it h as gu sh e d forth

, ,

and tur n s b ack to th at p o int o f cl e av ag e t h e u m b il icus , ,

through wh ich it o nc e e nt e r e d into th is b ody Th is p o int .

o f cl e av ag e is c all e d t he m oth e r b e c aus e fr o m h e r co m e s ,

t h e sou rc e o f t h e l ib ido Th e r e for e wh e n so m e gr e at

.
,

work is to b e acco m pl ish e d b e for e wh ich w e ak m an re ,

co ils doub t ful o f his str e ngth h is l ib id o r e t ur n s t o th at

, ,

—
sou rc e and th is is t h e d ang e rou s mo m e nt in wh ich t he ,

d e c isio n t ak e s pl ac e b e tw e e n annih il at io n and ne w l if e .

I f t h e l ib ido r e m ains a rr e st e d in t h e wo nd e r k ingdo m o f

t h e inne r world t h e n t h e m an h as b e co m e fo r t h e world
32
,

abov e a ph antom th e n he is pr act ic ally d e ad or de s

,

p e r at e l y ill B ut if
. t h
33
e l ib ido succ e e ds in t e a r in g it s el f

l o o se and pu sh ing up i nt o t h e w o rld ab o v e t h e n a m ir acl e ,

app e ars Th is j ou r ne y t o t h e u nd e rw o rld h as b e e n a

.
332 P S YC H OLOGY O F TH E UN C O N S C I OUS

w as a ymph upo n t h e isl and o f Chrys e ; accord ing

n
’
to t h e accou nt o f t h e schol iasts in S ophocl e s s P h il o c
t e t e s th is nymph lov e d P h ilo ct e t e s and curs e d him b e
, ,

c au s e h e spur ne d h e r lov e Th is ch ar act e r ist ic p roj e ct io n

.
,

wh ich is also m e t w ith in t he G ilg am e sh e p ic should b e ,

r e f e rr e d b ack as sugg e st e d to t h e r e p r e ss e d in c e st w is h
, ,

o f t h e so n who is r e pr e s e nt e d through t h e pr o j e ct io n as if
,

t h e m oth e r h ad t h e e v il w ish for t h e r e fu s al o f wh ich t h e

,

so n w as g iv e n ov e r to d e ath I n r e al ity how e v e r t h e so n

.
, ,

b e co m e s m ort al by s e p ar at ing h im s e lf fro m t h e moth e r .

H is fe ar o f d e ath t h e r e for e co rr e spo n ds t o t h e r e pr e s se d

, ,

w ish to tur n b ack to t he m oth e r and c au se s h im to b e ,

l ie v e th at t h e m oth e r thr e at e ns o r pu rsu e s him T he .

t e l e ologic al s ignifi c an c e o f th is fe ar o f p e rse c ut io n is e v i

d e nt ; it is t o ke e p s o n and m o t h e r apar t .

T h e curs e o f Chrys e is r e al iz e d in so far th at P h il o c

t e t e s accord ing to o ne v e rs io n wh e n app ro ach ing h is
, ,

alt a r,
inju r e d h ims e l f in h is foot w ith o ne o f h is o wn
d e adly po iso nous arrows o r a ccord ing to ano th e r v e r
, ,

s io n ( th is is b e tt e r and far mor e abu nd antly prov e n )

34
,

w as b it t e n in h is f o o t b y a p o is o no us s e rpe nt F rom .
35

t h e n o n h e is ail ing .

Th is v e ry t yp ic al wou nd wh ich also d e stroy e d R6 is

, ,

d e scr ib e d in t h e follow ing m anne r in an E gypt ian hymn

T he anc ie nt o f t he G o d s m ov e d h is m o u t h,
He c ast h is sal iv a u p o n t h e e art h ,

And w h at h e sp at , fe ll u po n t he g ro u nd .

Wit h he r h and s I sis k ne ad e d t h at and t he

Wh ic h w as ab o u t it t o g e t he r,

F ro m t hat she c re at e d a v e nerab le w orm ,

And m ad e h im l ik e a spe ar . .
 TH E B ATT LE FO R D EL I V ER A N C E 33 3

She did no t t w ist h im l iv ing aro u nd h e r fac e ,

B u t t h re w h im c o il e d u po n t he p at h ,

U po n w h ic h t he g re at G o d w and e re d at e ase

Th rou gh a ll h is l and s .

T he v e ne ra b le G od st e pp e d fo rt h d iant l y
ra ,

T he g o d s w h o se rv e d P h arao h ac c o m p an ie d h im ,
And he p ro c ee d e d as e v e ry day .

T he n t he v e ne rab l e w o rm st ung h im .

T he d iv ine G o d O p e ne d h is m 0u t h
An d t he v o ic e o f h is m aj est y ec hoe d e v e n t o t he

And t he go d s e x c l aim e d : B e ho l d !
The re upon he co ul d no t answ e r ,

H is j aw s c h at t e re d ,

Al l his l im b s t re m b l e d
And t he po iso n g ripp e d h is fl esh ,

As t he N ile se ize s up o n t he l and .

I n th is hy m n E gypt h as ag ain p r e s e rv e d fo r u s pr im i a

t iv e co nc e pt io n o f t he s e rp e nt s s t ing Th e ag ing o f t h e
’
.

autu m n sun as an im ag e o f hum an s e nil ity is symbol ic ally

tr ac e d b ack to t h e m o t h e r through t h e po i so ning by t he

s e rp e nt Th e moth e r is r e p r o ach e d b e c au s e h e r m al ic e
.
,

c au s e s t h e d e ath o f t h e sun god T h e s e rp e nt t h e p r im i

-
.
,

t iv e sy m bol o f fe arf illu str at e s t h e r e p r e ss e d t e nd e ncy to

‘7

tu r n b ack to t he m o t h e r b e c au se t h e o nly poss ib il ity o f

,

s e cur ity fro m d e ath is poss e s se d by t he moth e r as t he ,

sou rc e o f l ife .

A cco rd ingly o nly t h e m oth e r can cu r e h im s ick unto

, ,

d e ath and th e r e for e t h e hy m n go e s on to d e p ict how t he

, , ,

gods w e r e ass e m bl e d to t ak e cou ns e l

And I sis c am e w it h he rw isd o m
H e r m o u t h is fu l l of t he b re at h o f l ife ,

H e r w o rd s b anish so rro w ,

An d he r sp e ec h an im at es t ho se w ho no l o ng e r b re at he .
334
”
SY C H O L O G Y O F T H E UN C ON S C I OUS
She sai d : Wh at is t h at ; w h at is t h at , d iv ine fat h e r ?
B eh o l d , a w o rm h as b ro u gh t yo u so rrow

Te ll m e t hy nam e , d iv ine fat he r,

B ec au se t he m an rem ains al iv e , w ho is ca ll e d b y h is n am e .

Wh e r e upo n R é r e pl ie d :

I am h e , w ho c re at e d h e av e n an d e art h , and p le d
i up t he h ill s
,

And c re at e d b e ings t he reo n

all .

I am h e w ho m ad e t h e w at e r and c au se d
, t he g re at fl oo d ,

W ho p ro d u c e d t h e b u l l o f h is m o t h er ,

W ho is t he p ro c re at o r,
’
etc .

T he p o iso n did no t d e p art , it w e nt fu rt he r,

T h e g re at G o d w as no t c u re d .

T he n said I sis t o Re:

T hine is no t t h e n am e t ho u h ast t o l d m e .

Te l l m e t rue t hat t he p o iso n m ay l e av e t h ee ,

F o r h e w ho se n am e is spo k e n w ill l iv e .

F in ally R é d e c id e s to sp e ak h is t ru e n am e . H e is ap

p rox im at e ly h e al e d ( im p e r f e ct co m p os it io n o f O s ir is ) ;
but he h as lo st h is pow e r and fi nally h e r e tr e ats t o t h e
,

h e av e nly cow .

T h e p o isonou s worm is if o ne m ay sp e ak in th is w ay, ,

a n e g at iv e ph allu s a de adly no t an anim at ing fo r m

, , ,

o f l ib ido ; t h e r e fo r e a w is h fo r d e ath inst e ad o f a w ish

, ,

fo r l if e T h e tru e n am e is soul and m ag ic pow e r ;

.

h e n c e a sym bol o f l ib ido Wh at I s is d e m ands is t h e re

.

tr ans f e r e n c e o f t h e l ib ido t o t h e m oth e r godd e s s Th is .

r e qu e s t is fulfill e d l it e r ally fo r t h e ag e d god turns b ack

,

t o t h e d iv in e c o w t h e sy m bol o f t h e m o t h e r
, Th is sym .
38

b o lism is cl e ar fro m ou r p r e v io u s e xpl an at ions T he .

o nw ard urg ing l iv ing l ib id o wh ich rul e s t h e c o n sc ious

,
336 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
t he co nsc iou s forw ard str iv ing Th e c au s e o f th is c an .

b e fo r e x am pl e t h e natu r al ag in g wh ich w e ak e n s t h e
, ,

e ne rgy or it m ay b e gr e at e xt e r nal d iffi cul t ie s wh ich

, ,

c au s e m an to b r e ak down and b e co m e a ch ild ag ain o r ,

it m ay b e and th is is p rob ably t h e most fr e qu e nt c au s e

, ,

t h e wom an who e n sl av e s t h e m an so th at h e c an n o ,

long e r fr e e h ims e l f and b e co m e s a ch ild ag ain

, I t m ay .
40

b e o f s ignifi c an c e also th at I s is as s ist e r w if e o f t h e sun

,
-

god cr e at e s t h e p o iso n ou s anim al fro m t h e sp ittl e o f t he

,

god wh ich is p e rh ap s a subst itut e for sp e rm a and th e r e

, , ,

for e is a symbol o f l ib ido S h e cr e at e s t h e anim al from

, .

t h e l ib ido o f t h e god ; th at m e an s Sh e r e c e iv e s h is p ow e r ,

m ak ing h imw e ak and d e p e nd e nt so th at by th is m e an s ,

sh e a ssum e s t h e do m inat ing r61e o f t h e m oth e r oth r

( M e .

tr ans f e r e nc e to t he w if e ) Th is p art is pr e s e rv e d in t he
.

l e g e nd o f S am so n in t h e rOl e o f D e l il ah who cut o ff

, ,

S am so n s h air t h e su n s r ays thu s robb ing h im o f his

’ ’
, ,

Any w e ak e ning o f t h e adult m an str e ngth e ns

t h e w ish e s o f t h e u n co nsc iou s ; th e r e for e t h e d e cr e as e o f ,

str e ngth app e ars d ir e ctly as t he b ackw ard str iv ing tow ards
t h e moth e r .

Th er e is st ill to b e co ns id e r e d o ne mor e sou rc e o f t h e

r e anim at io n o f t h e moth e r im ago W e h av e alr e ady m e t
-
.

”
it in t h e d iscu ss io n o f t h e m o t h e r sc e ne in F au st th at ,

is to say t h e will e d int r o v e rsio n of a c r e a t iv e m ind wh ich

, , ,

r e tr e at ing b e for e it s o wn probl e m and inw ardly coll e ct ing

it s fo rc e s d ip s at l e ast for a mom ent into t h e sou rc e o f
,

l ife in o rd e r th e r e t o wr e st a l ittl e mor e str e ngth from

,

t h e m oth e r fo r t h e co m pl e t io n o f it s work I t is a m oth e r .

ch ild pl ay w ith o ne s se l f in wh ich l ie s mu ch w e ak s e lf

’
,
 TH E B ATT LE FO R D EL I V ER A N C E 337

a dm ir at io n s e l f adul at io n
and Amo ng a hundr e d m ir
-

ro rs N ie tz sch e ) ; a N arc issus s t a t e a str ang e sp e c

-

t acl e p e rh ap s fo r pro f ane e y e s Th e s e p ar at io n from

, ,
.

t h e moth e r im ago t he b irth out o f o ne s s e l f r e co n c il e s all

’
-

, ,

confl icts through t he su ffe r ings Th is is p rob ably m e an t .

’
by N ie tz sch e s v e rs e °

W hy hast t ho u e nt ice d t hyse l f

I nt o t he P arad ise o f t he o l d se rpent ?
W hy hast t hou c rep t
I nt o t hyse l f t hy se l f? ,

A sic k m an no w

S ic k o fa se rp e nt s
’
p oison,
A c apt iv e now
Whom t he h ard est d est iny b e fe l l
I n t h ine ow n p it ;
B ow e d d ow n as t hou w o rkest
E nc av e d w it hin t hy se l f ,

B urrow ing int o t hysel f ,

H elpl ess ,

S t iff ,

A c o rpse .

Ove rw he lm e d w it h a hund re d b urd ens ,

Ove rb u rd e ne d b y t hyse l f .

A w ise m an,
A se l f k no w e r
-
,

T he w ise Z arat hu st ra ;
T hou so ugh t e st t h e he av ie st b urd e n
And fo u nd e st t hou t h y se l f .

T he symbol ism o f th is sp e e ch is o f t he gr e at e st r ich -

n e ss H e is bu r ie d in t h e d e pths o f s e lf as ifin t h e e art h ;

.
,

r e ally a d e ad m an who h as tu r ne d b ack to moth e r

e arth ; a K aine us p il e d w ith a hu ndr e d burd e n s and
43

p r e ss e d dow n to d e ath ; t h e o ne who gro an ing b e ars t he

338 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
h e avy bu rd e n o f h is o wn l ib ido o f th at l ib ido wh ich
,

dr aws him b ack to t h e m o th e r Who do e s no t th ink o f

.

t h e T au rO p h o ria o f M ithr a who took his bull ( acco rd

,

ing to t h e E gypt ian hy m n t h e bull o f his moth e r

,

th at is h is lov e fo r his m oth e r t h e h e av ie st bu rd e n upo n

, ,

h is b ack and w ith th at e nt e r e d upo n t h e p ain ful cou r se

,

o f t h e so c all e d Tr an s itus
-
Th is p ath o f p ass io n l e d to
44

t h e c av e in wh ich t h e bull w as s acr ific e d

,
Chr ist too h ad
.
, ,

t o b e a r t h e cross t h e sy m bol o f his lov e fo r t h e moth e r

45
, ,

and h e c arr ie d it t o t h e pl ac e o f s acr ific e wh e r e t h e l am b

w as sl ain in t h e for m o f t h e G o d t h e in f ant il e m an a

, ,

s e lf e x e cut io ne r and th e n to bur ial in t he subt e rr an e an

-

s e pulchr e .

Th at wh ich in N ie tzsch e app e ars as a po e t ic al fi gu r e o f

sp e e ch is r e ally a pr im it iv e myth I t is as if t he po e t
.

st ill pos s e ss e d a dim id e a o r c ap ac ity to f e e l and re act i

v at e t ho se im p e r ish abl e ph anto m s o f lo ng p ast world s o f -

thought in t h e words o f ou r p r e s e nt day sp e e ch and in -

t h e im ag e s wh ich crowd th e m s e lv e s into h is ph ant asy .

H aupt m ann also s ays : P o e t ic r e nd e r ing is th at wh ich

allows t h e e cho o f t h e pr im it iv e wo rd to r e sou nd through
”
t h e for m
47
.

T he s acr ific e w ith it s myst e r iou s and m anifold m e an

,

ing wh ich is r ath e r h int e d at th an e xpr e ss e d p ass e s um

, ,

r e c o gniz e d in t h e u nco n sc iou s o f ou r au t hor Th e arrow .

is n o t sho t t h e h e ro C hiw ant o p e l is no t ye t f at ally

,

po iso ne d and r e ady fo r d e ath through s e l f sacrifice W e -

.

n o w c an say a cco rd ing to t h e pr e c e d ing m at e r ial

,
th is ,

s acr ific e m e ans r e nou n c ing t h e m oth e r th at is to say re

, ,
3 40 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
o f an ind e pe nd e nt l if e
Th i
.s st e p tow a rds a n e w l if e

m e an s at t h e s am e t im e t h e d e ath o f t h e p ast l if e
, , .

Th e r e for e Ch iw ant o p e l is t he infant il e h e ro ( t h e son

,
49
,

t h e ch ild t h e l am b t h e fish ) who is st ill e nch aine d by

, ,

t h e f e tt e rs o f ch ildhoo d and who h as to d ie as a symbol

o f t h e inc e stuous l ib ido and w ith th at s e v e r t he r e tro

,

g re ssiv e bo n d F or .t h e e nt ir e l ib ido is d e m an d e d for

t h e b attl e o f l if e and th e r e c an b e n o r e m aining b e h ind
,
.

T he dr e am e r c annot ye t com e to th is d e c is ion wh ich w ill

,

t e ar as id e al l t h e s e nt im e nt al co nne ct io ns w ith f ath e r

and m oth e r and ye t it mu st b e m ad e in o rd e r to follow
,

t h e c all o f t h e ind iv idu al d e st iny .

 CHA P T E R V I I

TH E D U A L M O TH E R R O L E

A FT E R t h e d is app e ar anc e o f t h e ass ail ant ,

C h iwant o pe l
b e g ins t he follow ing m o nologu e

F ro m d
t he e x t reme e n s o f t h ese c o nt ine nt s, fro m t he fart hest
l o w l and s, aft e r h av ing fo rsak e n l
t he p a ac e o f I h av e m y fat he r,
b e en w and e ring aim l essl y d u ring a h u nd re d m oo ns al w ay s p u r ,

sue d b y m y m ad d e sire t o fi nd he r w ho w ill u nd e rst and W it h

‘ ’
.

j e w e l s I h av e t em p t e d m any fair o nes w it h k isses I h av e t rie d

,

t o snat c h t h e se c re t o f t h e ir h e art s w it h ac t s o f b rav e ry I h av e

,

c o nq u e re d t h e ir ad m irat io n ( H e rev iew s t he w o m e n he h as

.

k now n ) C h it a t he p rinc ess o f my rac e

.
, she is a l it t l e fo o l ,

v ain as a p e ac oc k h av ing nou gh t in h e r he ad b u t j e w e l s and

,

p e rfu m e .T a n-
an t h e
, y o u ng p e asant b ah a m e
, re s o w n o , ,

mo re t h an a b re ast and a st o m ac h c aring o nl y fo r p l e asu re

, And .

t he n K i m a,
-
t he p riest ess, a t ru e p arrot , re pe at ing ho l l o w ph rases
l e arnt fro m t he p rie st s ; al l fo r sh o w , w it ho u t re al e d u c at io n o r

y susp ic io us pose u r and hy poc rit e !

sinc e rit , A las ! N o t o ne
w ho u nd e rst and s m e no t o ne w ho rese m b l es m e no t o ne w ho
, ,

h as a so ul sist e r t o m ine T he re is no t o ne am o ng t he m all w ho

.

has k now n m y so u l no t o ne w ho c o u l d re ad m y t ho ugh t ; far

,

fro m it ; no t o ne c ap ab l e o f se e k ing w it h m e t he l um ino us sum

”
m it s o r o f spe l l ing w it h m e t he supe rhum an w o rd l ov e
, ,
.

H e r e C hiwant o pe l h ims e l f s ays th at his j ou rn e y ing and

w and e r ing is a qu e st fo r th at oth e r and fo r t h e m e aning ,

o f l if e wh ich l ie s in u nio n w ith h e r I n t he first p art o f .

th is work w e m e r e ly h int e d g e ntly at th is po s sib il ity T h e .

f act th at t he see k e r is m ascul ine and t he sought fo r o f -

3 42 P SY CH OLOG Y O F THE U N C ON S C I O U S
fe m inine se x so asto nish ing b e c au s e t h e ch ie f obj e ct
is n o t ,

o f t h e u n co nsc ious tr an s fe r e n c e is t h e moth e r as h as ,

p rob ably b e e n s e e n fro m th at wh ich w e h av e alr e ady

l e ar ne d T h e d aught e r t ak e s a m al e att itud e tow ards t he
.

m oth e r . T h e g e ne s is o f th is adjust m e nt c an o nly b e su s

t d in ou r c s b e c au s e obj e ct iv e p ro o f is l ack ing
p e c e a e ,
.

Th e r e fo r e l e t u s r ath e r b e s at isfi e d w ith in f e r e nc e s

,
.

S h e who w ill u nd e rst an d m e an s t h e m oth e r in t h e in ,

fant il e l an gu ag e At t h e s am e t im e it also m e ans t h e l if e

.
,

c o m p anio n As is w e ll k now n t h e se x co ntr ast co nc e r ns

.
,

t h e l ib id o but l ittl e T h e se x o f t h e obj e ct pl ays a su r

.

p r is in l
g y sl ight r Ol e in t h e e st i m at i o n o f t h e u n co n sc ious .

T h e obj e ct it s e lf t ak e n as an obj e ct iv e r e al ity is but o f

, ,

sl ight s ignific anc e ( B ut it is o f gr e at e st imp ort an c e

.

wh e th e r t he l ib ido is tr an s f e rr e d o r introv e rt e d ) T h e .

or ig in al co n cr e t e m e aning o f e rf ass e n to s e iz e, ,

b e g re if e n ,
to tou ch e t c allows u s to r e cogniz e cl e arly
, .
,

t h e u n d e r s id e o f t h e w ish — to find a co ng e nial p e rso n .

B ut t h e upp e r int e ll e ctu al h alf is also co nt aine d in it ,

an d is t o b e t ak e n in to a ccou nt at t h e s am e t im e O ne
‘

m igh t b e in cl in e d t o as sum e th is t e n d e n cy if it w e r e no t
th at our cultu r e abus e d t h e s am e fo r t he m isu nd e rstood ,

wo m an h as b e co m e al m ost prov e rb ial wh ich c an o nly b e ,

t h e r e sult o f a wholly d istort e d v alu at io n O n t h e o ne .

S id e ou r cultur e u n d e rv alu e s m o st e xtr ao rd in ar ily t h e im

,

p o rt anc e o f se x u al it y ; o n t he oth e r sid e s e xu al it y b r e ak s

,
,

out as a d ir e ct r e sul t o f t h e r e pr e ss io n bu rd e ning it at

e v e ry pl ac e wh e r e it d o e s n o t b e l o ng an d m ak e s u se o f
,

such an ind ir e ct m anne r o f e xp r e ss i o n th at o ne m ay e x

p e et to m e e t it sudd e nly al mo st anywh e r e Thus t h e .
3 44 P SY CH OLOG Y O F THE U N C ON S C I OUS

fo r ) d isagr e e abl e s e xu al e xp e r ie nc e so as to acqu ir e by ,

th at m e ans a l e g it im at e ly fou nd e d horro r wh ich r e t ains

t h e m m o r e sur e ly in t h e in f ant il e s itu at io n Th is is t h e .

r e aso n why so m any p e opl e fall into th at v e ry st at e

t ow ards wh ich th e y h av e t h e gr e at e st abho rr e nc e .

Th at w e w e r e corr e ct in ou r assu m pt io n th at in M iss ,

M ill e r it is a qu e st io n o f t h e b attl e fo r ind e p e nd e nc e

,

’
is show n by h e r st at e m e nt th at t h e h e ro s d e p artu r e from
h is f ath e r s hou s e r e m inds h e r o f t h e f at e o f t h e you ng
’

B uddh a who l ik e w is e r e nou n c e d all luxury to wh ich h e

,

w as b or n in o rd e r to go out into t h e world to l iv e out

h is d e st iny to it s compl e t io n Bu ddh a g av e t h e s am e .

h e ro ic e x am pl e as did Chr ist who s e p ar at e d from his ,

m oth e r and e v e n spok e b itt e r wo rds ( M atth e w ch ap

, ,
.

X , V 34)

T h ink no t t hat I am c o m e t o se nd peace o n e art h : I c ame

no t t o se n d p e ac e b u t a sw o rd , .

( 35 ) F o r I am c o m e t o se t a m an at v arianc e ag ainst h is
“

fat he r and t he d au ght e r ag ainst h e r m o t he r and t he d au gh t e r

, ,

in l aw -
ag ainst he r m o t he r ih l aw - -
.

( 36) An d fo e s Sh al l b e h ouseh o l d
“ ’
a m an s t he y o f h is o w n .

( 37 ) He t h at l ov e t h fat he r or m o t he r m o re t h an m e is no t

W o rt hy of me .

O r Luk e ch ap , . x 11 , V .
5 1

S uppose ye t h at I am com e v
t o g i e p e ac e o n e art h ? I t e ll you ,
N ay : b u t rat he r d iv isio n .

( 52 ) F o r fro m he nc e fo rt h t h e re sh al l b e fiv e in o ne ho use
d iv id e d , t hree ag ainst t w o , and t w o ag ainst t h re e .

53 ) T he fat he r sh all b e d iv id e d ag ainst t he so n , and t he

“
so n

ag ainst t h e fat he r ; t h e m o t h e r ag ainst t he d au g h t e r, an d t he

d aught e r ag ainst t he m o t he r ; t he mo th e r- ih -
l aw ag ainst t he
 THE D U A L M O T H ER R O LE 3 45

d augh t e r in l aw - -
, an d t he d augh t e r in l aw - -
ag ainst he r m o t h e r in -

l aw .

Ho ru s s natch e d from h is moth e r h e r h e ad ador nm e nt ,

t h e pow e r Ju st as Ad am struggl e d w ith L il ith so he

.
,

struggl e s fo r pow e r N ie tzs ch e in Hum an All Too .

, ,

Hu m an e xpr e ss e d t he s am e in v e ry b e aut iful wo rds

,

O ne m ay suppo se t hat a m ind , in w h ic h t he y

t pe o f fre e
m ind is t o rip e n and sw ee t e n at d e c isiv e m at u rit y , h as h ad it s
’

c risis in a g re at d e t ac hm e nt so t h at b e fo re t h is t im e it w as j u st,

so m u c h t he m o re a fe t t e re d sp irit and app e are d c h aine d fo r

v
e er to its c o rne r an d it s p ill a r W h a t b in d s it m ost fi r m l y ? .
2

W hat co rd s are al m o st u nt e arab l e ? A m o ng hum an b e ings o f a

h igh an d e x qu isit e t yp e it w o u l d b e d u t ie s : t h at rev e re nc e w h ic h
, ,

is su it ab l e fo r y o u t h t h at m o d est y and t e n d e rness fo r all t h e o l d

,

h ono re d and v al u e d t h ing s t h at t h ank fu l ne ss fo r t h e e art h fro m ,

w h ic h t h e y g rew fo r t he h and w h ic h g u id e d t he m fo r t h e Sh rine

—
, ,

w he re t he y l e arnt t o p y r a t h e ir l o ft iest m o m e nt s t h e m se l v e s

c om e t o b ind t h e m t he fi rm est t o o b l ig at e t he m t he m o st p e rm a ,

ue nt l y T he g re at d e t ac hm e nt co m es su dd e nl y fo r peop l e so
.

b o u nd
—h
.

B et t e r to die t h an to l iv e h e re ,
’
t us rings t h e im p e rat iv e
vo ic e d uc t io n : and t h is he re t h is at h om e is al l t h at it ( t he
o f se , ,

so ul ) h as l o v e d u nt il now ! A sudd e n t e rro r and suspic io n ag ainst

t h at w h ic h it h as l o v e d a l ig h t n ing fl ash o f sco rn t o w ard s t h at
,

w h ic h is c all e d d u t y a re b e l l io u s arb it rary v o l c anic im pe l l ing

‘ ’
, , , ,

d esire fo r t rav ell ing fo r st range c ou nt ries est rangem e nt s c o o l

, , ,

ne ss frig id it y d isill u sio nm e nt s a h at re d o f l ov e p e rh ap s a sac ri

, , , ,

l e g io u s t o u c h and g l anc e b ac kw ard s t he re w h e re j ust now it 3

ad o re d and l o v e d p e rh aps a b l u sh o f Sh am e o v e r w h at it h as j u st
,

d one and at t h e sam e t im e an e x ul t at io n ov e r h av ing d o ne it an

, ,

int ox ic at ing int e rnal j o y o us t h ril l in w h ich a v ic t o ry rev e al s it se lf ,

-
a v ic t o ry ? O v e r w hat O v e r w hom ? Ari e nigm at ic d o u b t
?
,

ful q u e st io ning v ic t o ry b u t t h e fi rst t riu m ph

,
O f su ch w o e and
, .

i i f m d h hi t y f t h t d t h m t I t i l ik
—
p a n s o r e t e s o r o e g re a e ac e n s e a .

d ise ase w h ic h c an d est ro y m e n t his fi rst e rup t io n o f st re ng t h ,

” 4
and w ill t o w ard s se l f asse rt io n
-
.
3 46 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
T he d ang e r l ie s as is br ill iantly exp r e ss e d by N ie tzsch e
, ,

isol at io n in o ne s s e l f
’
in

S o l it u d e su rro un ds and e m b rac es h im ev e r m o re t h re at e ning ,

ev e r m o re c o nst ric t ing , ev er m o re h e art st rang l ing ,
-
t he ble
t e rri

G o dd ess and M at e r saav a c up idinum .

t ak e n aw ay fro m t he m oth e r who is ab an

T h e l ib ido ,

do me d o nly r e lu ct antly b e co m e s thr e at e ning as a s e rp e nt

, ,

t h e symbol o f d e ath fo r t h e r e l at io n to t h e moth e r m u s t

,

c e as e m us t die w h ic h it se lf al m o s t c aus e s m an s d e a t h
, ,
.
’
.

I n M at e r swv a cupidinum t he id ea att ains r ar e almost ,

consc ious p e rf e ct io n
, .

I do no t pr e sum e to try to p aint in b e tt e r words th an

h as N ie tzsch e t h e p sycholo g y o f t h e wr e nch from ch ild
hood .

M iss M ill e r fu r nish e s u s w ith fu rth e r r e f e r e n c e to

a

a m at e r ial wh ich h as influ e n c e d h e r cr e at io n in a m o r e

g e ne r al m ann e r ; th is is t h e gr e at I nd ian e p ic o f L o ng
f e llow T h e S o ng o f H iaw ath a
, .

I f m y r e ad e rs h av e h ad p at ie n c e t o r e ad thu s far and ,

to r e fl e c t upo n wh at th e y h av e r e ad t h e y fr e qu e ntly m u st
,

h av e wo nd e r e d at t he nu m b e r o f t im e s I intr o du c e fo r
comp ar iso n su ch app ar e ntly f o r e ign m at e r ial and how
o ft e n I w id e n t h e b as e upo n wh ich M iss M ill e r s cr e a ’

t io ns r e st D oubts mu st o ft e n h av e ar is e n wh e th e r it is
.

j ust ifi abl e to e nt e r int o im p o rt ant d iscu ss io n s co n c e r ning

t h e p sychol o g ic f o u nd at io n s o f m yths r e l ig io ns and cul ,

tur e in g e n e r al o n t h e b as is o f su ch s c anty sugg e s t io ns .

I t m ight b e s aid th at b e h ind t he M ill e r ph ant as ie s su ch a

3 48 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
of his
hum an ch ildr e n c alls h is p e opl e tog e th e r , and m ak e s
known to th e m t h e j oyou s m e ss ag e :
I w il l send a p rophe t t o you ,

A D e l iv e re r o f t he nat ions ,

W ho shal l guid e you and Shal l t e ach you,

W ho shal l t o il and su ffe r w it h you .

I f yo u l ist e n to h is c o u nse s, l
Y o u w ill m ul t ip l y and p ro spe r .

I f h is w arning s p ass u nh ee d e d ,
Y o u w il l fad e aw ay and p e rish !

G it c h e M anito , t he M ighty ,
cr e ato r o f t h e na
t he

t io ns is r e p r e s e nt e d
, as he stoo d e r e ct o n t h e gr e at Re d
P ip e sto ne q u arry .

F ro m h is foo t p rint s fl ow e d a riv er,

L e ap e d int o t he l igh t o f m o rn ing ,

O
’
e r t he p re c ip ic e p l u ng ing d ow nw ard
G l e am e d l ik e I shkoo dah , t he c o me t .
”

Th e w at e r fl ow ing from h is footst e p s su ffi c ie ntly

prov e s t he ph all ic natur e o f th is cr e ator I r e f e r to t h e .

e arl ie r utt e r an c e s co n c e r ning t h e ph all ic and f e rt il iz ing

n atu r e o f t h e hors e s foot and t h e hors e s st e p s and e sp e

’ ’
,

c ially do I r e c all H ipp o cr e ne an d t h e foot o f P e g asu s

5
.

W e m e e t w ith t h e s am e id e a in P s al m lxv v v 9 t o 1 1 , .

Thou v isit e st t he e art h , and w at e re st it ; t hou m ak e st it v e ry

p l e nt eo u s.

T he riv e r o f G o d is fu ll f w at e r ; t ho u p re p arest t he ir c o rn,

“
o

fo r so t h o u p ro v i e d
st fo r t h e e art h .

“
T hou w at e re st h e r fu rrow s : t ho u se nd e st rain in t o t he l it t l e
v al l e y s t h e re o f; t h o u m ak e st it so ft w it h t h e d ro p s o f rain and ,

b l essest t he inc re ase o f it .

“
T ho u c row nest t he y e ar w it h t hy goo d ness ; and t hy pat hs
”
drop fat ne ss .
 THE D U A L M O TH ER R O LE 3 49

Wh e r e v e r t he f e rt il iz ing G od st e p s t h e r e is fru it ful ,

n e ss . W e alr e ady h av e spok e n o f t he sy m bol ic m e aning

o f tr e ad in g in d iscus sin g t h e nigh t m ar e s K aine u s p ass e s .

into t h e d e pths spl it t ing t he e arth w ith a fo o t out

,

str e tch e d .A m ph iar aus anoth e r chtho nic h e ro s inks , ,

into t h e e arth wh ich Z e u s h as op e ne d fo r h im by a strok e

,

o f l ight ning ( Co m p ar e w ith th at t h e abov e m e nt io ne d

.
-

v is io n o f a hyst e r ic al p at ie nt who saw a bl ack ho rs e aft e r ,

a fl ash o f l ight ning : id e nt ity o f hors e s footst e p and fl a sh

’

o f l ight ning ) B y m e ans o f a fl ash o f l ight ning h e ro e s

.

w e r e m ad e im m o rt al F au st att aine d t he moth e rs wh e n

.
6

h e st am p e d h is foot .

S t am p and d e sc e nd , st am p ing t h o u
’
lt i
r se ag ain .

T he h e ro e s in t h e sun d e vour ing m yths o ft e n st am p at

-

o r struggl e in t he j aws o f t h e m o nst e r Thu s T o r

'

st amp e d through t h e sh ip s bottom in b attl e w ith t he ’

mo nst e r and w e nt as far as t h e b o t t o m o f t h e se a

, .

( K a in e u s ) ( Co n c e r n in g k ick in g as a n in f an t il e

p h ant asy se e abov e ) T h e r e gr e ss io n o f t h e l ib ido to

, .

t h e p r e s e xu al st ag e m ak e s th is pr e p ar atory act io n o f

tr e ad ing e ith e r a sub st itut io n fo r t h e co itu s ph ant asy o r

fo r t he ph ant asy o f re e ntr anc e int o t he m oth e r s womb
-
’
.

Th e comp ar iso n o f w at e r fl ow ing fro m t h e footst e ps w ith

a com e t is a l ight symbol ism fo r t h e fruct ify ing mo istu r e

( sp e rm a ) Accord
. in g to an obs e rv a t io n by H u m boldt
( K os m o s ) c e rt,ain S outh A m e r ic an I n d ia n tr ib e s c a ll t h e

m e t e o rs u r ine o f t h e st ars M e nt io n is also m ad e o f

.

how G it che M anito m ak e s fire H e blows upo n a for e st .

,

so th at t he tr e e s rubb ing up o n e ach oth e r burst into

, ,
3 50 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OU S
fl am e Th is d e mo n is th e r e for e an e xc e ll e nt l ib ido sym
.
, ,

bol ; h e also p rodu c e d fire .

Aft e r th is p rologu e in t he s e co nd so ng t h e h e ro s pre ,

’

v io us h istory is r e l at e d T h e gr e at w arr io r M u dj e ke e wis

.
,

H i w th s f th r h cu i gly ov rco h gr t
’

( a a a a e ) a s n n n , e m e t e e a

b e ar ,t h e t e rro r o f t h e n at io n s and stol e n from h im ,

t h e m ag ic b e lt o f w am pum a g irdl e o f sh e lls H e r e , .

w e m e e t t h e mot iv e o f t h e tr e asu r e att aine d w ith d ifli

”
culty wh ich t h e h e ro r e scu e s from t h e mo n st e r Who
, .

t h e b e ar is is show n by t h e p o e t s co m p ar iso ns
,
M udj e
’
.

ke e wis str ik e s t h e b e ar on his h e ad aft e r h e h as robb e d

him o f t h e tr e asu r e .

Wit h t he h e av y b l ow b ew il d e re d
R o se t h e g re at B ear o f t he m ou nt ains,
B u t h is k nees b ene at h h im t rem b l e d ,

An d he w h im p e re d l ike a w o m an .

M udj e ke e wis s aid d e r is iv e ly to him

El se you w o u l d no t c ry and w himpe r , ,

L ik e a m ise rab l e w o m an !

B u t yo u , B e ar ! sit h e re an d w h im pe r,
And d isg rac e y o u r t rib e by cry ing ,

L ik e a w re t c h e d S h au go daya,
Lik e a c o w ard ly o l d w o m an !

Th e s e thr e e comp ar iso n s w ith a wom an are to b e

fou nd n e ar e ach oth e r o n t h e s am e p ag e M udj e ke e w is .

h as l ik e a tru e h e ro o nc e m o r e t o r n l ife fro m t h e j aws

, ,

o f d e at h fr o m t h e al l d e v o ur ing t e rr ibl e m oth e r

,
-
.

Th is d e e d wh ich as w e h av e s e e n is also r e pr e s e nt e d as
, , ,
3 52 P S YCH OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS

The th ird song p r e s e nts t he p r e v iou s h istory o f

H iaw ath a s m oth e r H is gr andmoth e r wh e n a m aid e n
’
.
, ,

l iv e d in t he moon Th e r e sh e o nc e swu ng upo n a l iana

.
,

but a j e alou s lov e r cut o ff t he l iana and N okom is , ,

H iaw ath a s gr and m oth e r f e ll to e arth T h e p e opl e who

’
, .
,

saw h e r f all dow nw ards thought th at sh e w as a sh o o t ing

,

s t ar . Th is m arv e llous d e sc e nt o f N okom is is mo r e

pl ainly illustr at e d by a l at e r p ass ag e o f th is s am e song ;
th e r e l ittl e H iaw ath a asks t h e gr andmoth e r wh at is t he
moo n Noko m is t e ach e s h im about it as fo ll o ws : T he
.

moon is t h e body o f a g randm o t h e r whom a w arl ik e ,

gr andso n h as c ast up th e r e in wr ath H e nc e t he m oo n is .

t h e g ra nd m o t h e r I n an c ie nt b e l ie fs t h e moo n is also
.
,

t h e g ath e r ing pl ac e o f d e p art e d souls t he gu ard ian o f

9
,

s e e ds ; th e r e for e o nc e mor e a pl ac e o f t he or igin o f l if e

,

o f p r e do m inantly f e m in in e s ignific anc e T h e r e m ark abl e .

th ing is th at N okom is f all ing up o n t h e e arth g av e b irth

, ,

to a d aught e r W e no nah subs e qu e ntly t he moth e r o f

, ,

H iaw ath a T h e throw ing upw ards o f t h e moth e r and

.
,

h e r f all ing down and br ing ing forth s e e ms to cont ain ,

som e th ing typ ic al in its e l f Thus a story o f t he s e v e n

.

t e e nt h c e ntury r e l at e s th at a m ad bull thr e w a p r e gn ant

wo m an as h igh as a hou s e and tor e op e n h e r womb and , ,

t h e ch ild f e ll w ithout h arm upo n t h e e arth O n accou nt .

o f h is wo nd e r ful b irth th is ch ild w as co ns id e r e d a h e ro

,

o r do e r o f m ir acl e s but h e d ie d at an e arly ag e T h e

,
.

b e l ie f is w id e spr e ad am o ng low e r s av ag e s th at t h e sun is

f e m inine and t he m oo n m ascul ine A m o ng t he N am aqu a .
,

a Hott e ntot tr ib e t h e op in io n is pr e v al e nt th at t h e sun

,

co ns ists o f tr ansp ar e nt b acon .

 THE D U A L M O TH ER R O LE 3 53

T he p e opl e , w ho j o u rney o n b o at s d raw it d o w n b y m ag ic ,

ev e ry e v e ning c u t o ff a su it ab l e p ie c e and t h e n g iv e it a kic k so

—W i
,

A nt h ropol o gie
” “ ”
t hat it fl
ies up ag ain int o t he shy . a tz : ,

II , 3 42 .

The in f ant il eou r ishm e nt com e s from t h e moth e r I n

n .

t h e G nost ic ph ant as ie s w e com e acro ss a l e g e nd o f t h e

or ig in o f m an wh ich po ss ibly b e longs h e r e : t h e f e m al e

archo n s bound to t h e v ault o f H e av e n are u n abl e on ,

accou nt o f it s qu ick rot at ion to k e e p th e ir you ng w ith in,

th e m but l e t th e m f all upon t h e e arth from wh ich m e n

, ,

ar is e P o s s ibly th e r e is h e r e a con ne ct ion w ith b arb ar ic

.

m idw if e ry t h e l e tt ing f all o f t h e p artu r ie nt T h e ass ault

, .

upo n t he moth e r is alr e ady introdu c e d w ith t he adv e ntu r e

o f M udj e ke e wis and is co nt inu e d in t h e V iol e nt h andl ing
,

o f t he gr andmoth e r N okom is who as a r e sult o f t h e

, , ,

cutt ing o f t he l ian a and t h e f all downw ards s e e ms in

som e w ay to h av e b e com e p r e gnant T h e cutt ing o f .

”
t he br an ch t h e pluck ing we h av e alr e ady r e cog niz e d as
, ,

moth e r inc e st ( S e e a bov.e ) Th at w e ll known v e rs e

.
-

S ax o nl and wh e r e b e aut iful m aid e ns grow up o n tr e e s

, ,

and p hr as e s l ik e p ick ing ch e rr ie s in a n e ighbo r s g ar ’

de n allud e to a s im il ar id e a
, T h e f all downw ards o f.

N okom is d e s e rv e s to b e comp ar e d to a po e t ic al fi gu r e in
H e in e .

A st ar, a st ar is fall ing

O ut of t h e g l it t e ring Sk y !
T he st ar o f Lov e ! I w at c h it
S ink in t he d e p t hs and d ie .

T he l e av e s and b ud s are fal l ing

F ro m m any an ap p l e - t ree ;
3 54 P SY CH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
I w at c h t he m irt hfu l b reez es
E m b rac e t h em w ant onl y

W e no nah l at e r w as court e d by t h e c ar e ss ing W e st

W in d and b e co m e s p r e gnant W e no nah as a you ng
, .
,

moo n godd e ss h as t h e b e auty o f t h e m o o nl ight N oko m is

-
,
.

w ar n s h e r o f t he d ang e rou s cou rtsh ip o f M udj e ke e wis t h e ,

W e st W ind B ut W e no nah allows h e rs e l f to b e com e in

.

fat uat e d and conc e iv e s fro m t h e br e ath o f t h e w ind

, ,

from t he n u s v ua a son our h e ro , , .

Wind
“

And t he W est -
c am e at e v en ng , i

Fo un d t he b e au t iful We no nah ,

Ly ing t he re am id t he l il ie s ,

Woo e d he r w it h h is w o rd s o f sw ee t ness ,

Woo e d he r w it h h is so ft c aresses ,

T ill S he b o re a so n in so rrow ,

B o re a so n o f l ov e and so rrow .

F e rt il iz at io n through t h e b r e ath o f t h e sp ir it is alr e ady

a w e ll k n ow n p r e c e d e nt
-
fo r u s T h e st ar o r com e t .

pl ainly b e lo ngs to t h e b irth sc e ne as a l ib ido symbol N o °

kom is too com e s to e arth as a shoot ing st ar M o r ik e s

’
.
, ,

sw e e t po e t ic ph ant asy h as d e v is e d a S im il ar d iv in e o r ig in .

And sh e w ho b o re m e in he r w om b ,

And g av e m e foo d and c l o t h ing

—
.

Sh e w as a m aid a w il d , b row n m aid ,

W h o lo o ke d on m e n w it h l o at hing .

S he fl ee re d at t h e m an d l au ghe d out l oud ,

And b ad e no su it o r t arr y;
I d rat he r b e
’
t he W ind s o w n b rid e
’

Th an h av e a m an and m arry .
’
3 56 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E U N C ON S C I OUS
h ad to t ak e pl ac e u nd e r su ch str ang e sy m bol ic c ircum
s t an c e s ? I t m ight also b e im ag ine d th at a h e ro aro s e
fro m ord in ary su rrou nd ings and gr adu ally gr e w out o f
h is in f e r io r e nv iro nm e n t p e rh ap s w ith a thou s an d trou
,

bl e s and d ang e rs ( And in d e e d th is mot iv e is by no

.
, ,

m e ans str ang e in t h e h e ro myth ) I t m ight b e s aid th at

.

sup e rst it io n d e m ands str ang e co nd it io n s o f b irth and g e n

c r at io n ; but why do e s it d e m and th e m ?

Th e answ e r to th is qu e st io n is : th at t he b irth o f t h e
h e ro as a rul e is no t th at o f an ord in ary mort al but is
, , ,

a r e b ir t h from t h e m oth e r spou s e ; h e n c e it o c cu rs u n d e r

-

m yst e r iou s c e r e m o nie s Th e r e for e in t he v e ry b e g in

.
,

ni ng l ie s t h e m ot iv e o f t h e two moth e rs o f t h e h e ro
,
As .

R ank h as shown u s through m any e x am pl e s t h e h e ro

1 2
,

is o ft e n obl ig e d to e xp e r ie n c e e xpo su r e and upb r inging ,

by fo st e r p ar e nts and in th is m anne r h e acqu ir e s t h e two

,

m o th e rs A str ik ing e x am pl e is t h e r e l at io n o f H e r cul e s

.

to H e r a I n t he H iaw ath a e p ic W e no nah d ie s a ft e r t h e

.

b irth and N oko m is t ak e s h e r pl ac e M ay a d ie s a ft e r t he .

b irth and B uddh a is g iv e n a st e p m oth e r Th e st e p

1 3
.

m o t h e r is s o m e t im e s an anim al ( t h e sh e wolf o f R o m ulu s -

and R e m u s T h e two fo ld m oth e r m ay b e r e pl ac e d

,

by t h e m ot iv e o f two fold b ir t h wh ich h as att aine d a ,

l o f t y S ignific anc e in t h e Chr ist ian m ytholo gy ; nam e ly ,

through b apt ism wh ich as w e h av e s e e n r e p r e s e nts re

, , ,

b irth Thu s m an is bor n no t m e r e ly in a co mm o npl ac e

.

m anne r but also bor n ag ain in a m y st e r iou s m anne r by

, ,

m e ans o f wh ich h e b e co m e s a p art ic ip ator o f t he k ingdo m

o f G od o f imm ort al it y Any o ne m ay b e c o m e a h e r o
, .

in th is w ay who is g e ne r at e d ane w through h is own

 THE D U A L M O TH ER R O LE 357

m oth e r , b e c au s e o nly through h e r do e s h e sh ar e in im

m o rt al ity Th e r e for e it h app e ne d th at t h e d e ath o f
.
,

Chr ist o n t h e cross wh ich cr e at e s u niv e rs al s alv at io n w as

, ,

u nd e rsto od as b apt is m th at is to say as r e b irth ,

through t h e s e co nd moth e r t he myst e r iou s tr e e o f d e ath

, .

Chr ist s ays

B ut I h av e a b ap t ism t o b e b ap t iz e d w it h : and how am I
st rait e ne d t ill b
it e a c
c o m p l ish e d ! —L uhe x 1 1 : 5 0 .

H e int e rp r e ts his d e ath a go ny symbol ic ally as b irth

a go ny .

T h e m ot iv e o f t he two moth e rs su gg e sts t he thought

o f s e l f r e j uv e n at io n and e v id e ntly e xp r e ss e s t h e fulfil
-
,

m e n t o f t h e w is h th at it m ig h t b e p o ssib l e fo r t h e m o t h e r
t o b e ar m e ag ain; at t h e s am e t im e appl ie d to t h e h e ro e s , ,

it m e an s o ne is a h e ro who is bo r ne ag ain by h e r who h as

p r e v iously b e e n h is moth e r ; th at is to say a h e r o is h e ,

w h o m ay ag ain p r o d uc e him se lf t hr o ug h h is m o t h e r .

T he cou ntl e s s sugg e st io ns in t h e h istory o f t h e p rocr e a

t io n o f t he h e ro e s ind ic at e t he l att e r formul atio ns H ia .

w ath a s f ath e r fi rst ov e rpow e r e d t he moth e r u nd e r t h e

’

sy m bol o f t h e b e ar ; th e n h ims e l f b e com ing a god h e pro ,

cr e at e s t he h e ro Wh at H iaw ath a h ad to do as h e ro
.
,

N okom is h int e d to him in t he l e g e nd o f t he or igin o f t he

moo n ; h e is forc ibly to throw h is m oth e r upw ards ( o r
throw th e n sh e would b e co m e pr e gnant
by th is act o f v iol e nc e and could br ing forth a d aught e r .

Th is r e juv e nat e d m o t h e r would b e allott e d acc o rd ing to ,

t h e E gypt ian r it e as a d aught e r w if e to t h e sun god t h e

,
- -
,

f ath e r o f his moth e r for s e lf r e p rodu ct io n Wh at act ion

,
-
.
358 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C O N S C I O U S
H iaw ath a t ak e s in th is r e g ard w e sh all se e p r e s e ntly .

W e h av e alr e ady stu d ie d t h e b e h av ior o f t h e p re As iat ic -

gods r e l at e d to Chr ist Co n c e r ning t h e p re e x ist e n c e o f

.
-

Chr ist t he G o sp e l o f S t J o h n is full o f th is thought

,
. .

Thu s t h e sp e e ch o f Joh n t h e B apt ist

This is he o f w hom I said A ft e r m e c o m e t h a , m an w h ic h is

p re fe rre d b e fo re m e ; fo r h e w as b e fo re m e — l o hn .
”
. i: 30 .

Also t h e b e g inning o f t he go sp e l is full o f d e e p m yt h o

log ic signific an c e :

In t he b eg inn ing w as t he Wo rd , a nd t he Wo rd w as w it h
G o d, and t h e W o rd w as G o d T he . sam e w as in t h e b e g inning
w it h G o d .

(3) All t h ings w e re m ad e by h im , an d w it ho u t h im w as no t

an y t hing m ad e t h at w as m ad e .

(4) I n h im w as l ife , an d t h e life w as t h e l ig h t o f men .

5) And t he l igh t shine t h in d ark ne ss ; and t he d ark ne ss c om

p re h e nde t h it no t .

( 6) The re w as a m an se n t fro m G o d w h o se n am e w as J ohn .

(7) T he sam e c am e fo r a w it ness, t o b e ar w it ness o f t he

L igh t .

(8) H e w as no t t h at L igh t ,
b u t w as se n t to b e ar w it ne ss of

t h at L igh t .

(9 )
“
T h at w as t he t ru e L igh t , w h ic h l igh t e t h ev e r y m an t h at
c om e th int o t h e w o rl d .

Th is is t h e procl am at io n o f t h e r e app e ar ing l ight t h e ,

r e bor n sun wh ich for m e rly w as and wh ich w ill b e ag ain

, ,
.

I n t h e b apt ist ry at P is a Chr ist is r e p r e s e n t e d br ing ing

,

t h e tr e e o f l if e to m an ; his h e ad is si1 rro un de d by a sun

h al o O v e r th is r e l ie f st and t h e wo rds I NTR O IT U S S O L I S

. .

B e c au s e t h e o ne bo r n w as his o wn p rocr e ato r t h e h is ,

t ory o f h is p ro cr e at io n is str an g e ly co n c e al e d u nd e r sym

3 60 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E U N C ON S C I OUS

H iaw ath a h e ars hu m an sp e e ch in t h e sou nds o f N a

tur e thu s h e u nd e r st an ds N atur e s sp e e ch T h e w ind
°
’
.

s ays W aw a
, T h e cry o f t h e w ild goos e is W aw a
. .

W ah w ah t ayse e m e an s t h e sm all glowworm wh ich e u

- -

ch ants h im Thu s t h e po e t p aint s most b e aut ifully t h e

.

gr adu al g ath e r ing o f e xt e r nal natu r e into t h e comp ass o f

t h e subj e ct iv e an d t h e in t im at e co nne ct io n o f t h e p ri
1 6
,

m ary ob j e ct to wh ich t he fi rst l isp ing wo rds w e r e appl ie d ,

an d fro m wh ich t h e first sou nds w e r e d e r iv e d w ith t he ,

s e co nd ary obj e ct t h e w id e r n atur e wh ich u su rps imp e r

,

c e p t ib l y t h e moth e r s pl ac e an d t ak e s poss e ss ion o f tho s e

’
,

sou nds h e ard first from t h e moth e r and also o f thos e ,

f e e l ings wh ich we al l d iscov e r l at e r in ou rs e lv e s in al l

t h e w ar m lov e o f M oth e r N atu r e T h e l at e r bl e nd ing .
,

wh e th e r p anth e ist ic ph ilosoph ic o r e sth e t ic o f t he s e nt i

-
,

m e nt al cultur e d m an w it h nat ur e is look e d at re t ro sp e c

, ,

t iv e l y a r e bl e nd ing w ith t h e moth e r who w as ou r pr im ary

, ,

obj e ct and w ith who m w e truly w e r e o nc e wholly o n e

, .

Th e r e for e it is no t asto nish ing wh e n w e ag ain se e

,

e m e rg ing in t h e po e t ic al sp e e ch o f a m od e r n ph ilosoph e r ,

K arl Jo é l t h e old p ictur e s wh ich sym b ol iz e t h e u nity w ith

,

t h e moth e r illustr at e d by t h e co n flu e nc e o f subj e ct and

,

o bj e ct I n his r e c e nt book
. S e e l e u nd W e l t ,

Jo el wr it e s as follows in t h e ch apt e r c all e d P r im al E x

,

p e rie n ce
1 8

I l ay on t he se ash o re , t he sh in ing w at e rs gl it t e ring in m y

d re am y e y e s ; at a g re at d ist anc e fl u t t e re d t he so ft b re e z e ; t h ro b
b ing Sh imm e ring st irring l ull ing t o sl e e p c o m e s t he w av e b e at t o
t he S ho re —
, , ,

o r t o t h e e ar ? I k no w no t D ist anc e an d ne arness .

b eco m e b l u rre d int o o ne ; w it ho u t and w it hin gl id e int o e ach

 TH E D U A L M O TH ER ROLE 361

ot he r . N e are r an d ne are r, d e ar er a nd m or e h o m e l ike so u nds t he

b e at ing o f t h e w av e s ; no w , d e ring pul se in my he ad it

l ik e a t hu n

k
st ri es, and no w it b e at s o v e r m y so ul d ev o u rs it e m b rac es it, , ,

w h il e it it se f l at t h e sam e t im e fl o at s o u t l ik e t he b l u e w ast e o f

w at e rs . Y es, w it ho ut an d w it h in are o ne . G l ist ening and fo am

ing , fl o w ing and far ming and ro aring , t he e nt ire s y m phony o f t he
st im u l i ex p e rie nce d so u n ds in o ne t o ne al l t h o u gh t b eco m e s o ne
,

t h o ug h t , w h ic h b e c om e s o ne w it h fe el ing ; t h e w o rl d e x h al e s in
t he so ul and t h e so ul d isso l v e s in t h e w o rl d O u r sm all l ife is
—h
.

e nc irc e l d by a g re at s e epl
p of o ur c rad l e t he sl e ep of o u r
t l
e s ee ,

g rav e t he sl e ep of o ur h o m e fr o m w h ic h w e g o for t h in t h e m o r n
, ,

ing t o w hic h w e ag ain re t ur n in t he e v e n ing ; o u r l ife b u t t he

,

Sho rt j ou rne y int e rval

b e t w ee n t he e m e rge nc e fro m t he o rig
, t he

inal o ne ne ss and t he sink ing b ac k int o it ! B l ue sh imm e rs t he

infi nit e se a w h e re in d re am s t he j e l l y fi sh o f t he p rim it iv e l ife
, ,

t ow ard w h ic h w it hou t c e asing o u r t ho u gh t s h ark b ac k d im ly

t h ro u gh e ons o f e x ist e n c e . Fo r e v e ry h app e ning e nt ail s a c h ang e

and a gu arant e e o f t he u n it y of l ife . At t h at m o m e nt w h e n t h ey

are no l o ng e r b l e nd e d t o g e t h e r, in t h at inst ant m an l ift s h is h ead ,

b l ind a nd dr ipping , fro m t he d e pt hs o f t he st re am o f e x p e rie nc e ,

from th e o ne ne ss w it h t h e e xpe rie nc e ; at t h at m o m e nt of p art ing

w he n t he u nit y o f l ife in st art e l d su rp rise d e t ache s t he C hang e
and h ol d s it aw a y fro m it se l f as so m e t h ing a l ie n , at t h is m o m e nt
o f al ie nat ion t h e asp e c t s o f t he e x pe rie nc e h av e b ee n su b st ant ial
iz e d int o su bj ec t and o bj ec t , and in t hat m om ent c o nsc iousne ss is
”
b o rn .

Jo e l p aints h e r e in u nm ist ak abl e symbol ism t he con

, ,

fl ue nc e o f sub j e ct and obj e ct as t he r e u nion o f moth e r

and ch ild T h e symb ols agr e e w ith thos e o f mythology
.
,

e v e n in th e ir d e t ails Th e e n c ircl ing and d e vour ing mo

.

t iv e is d ist inctly sugge st e d T h e se a d e vou r ing t h e sun .

,

and g i v i ng b irth to it ane w is alr e ad y an old acqu aint ,

an c e T he m o m e nt o f t h e r is e o f co nsc ious ne ss t h e s e p a
.
,

r at io n o f subj e ct and obj e ct is a b irth ; truly ph ilosoph ic al

3 62 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C O N S C I OUS
thought h angs w ith l am e w ings upo n t he fe w gr e at pr im i
t iv e p ictur e s o f hum an sp e e ch abov e t h e s im pl e all su r , ,
-

p assing gr e at n e ss o f wh ich n o t hought c an r is e T h e id e a .

o f t h e j e lly fish is no t a cc id e n t al O nc e wh e n I w as .

e xpl ainin g t o a p at ie n t t h e m at e r n al s ignific an c e o f w at e r

at th is co nt act w it h t h e m oth e r co m pl e x sh e e xp e r ie n c e d ,

a v e ry u npl e as an t f e e l in g I t m ak e s m e squ ir m
. sh e ,

s aid as if I tou ch e d a j e lly fish

, H e r e too t h e s am e .
, ,

id e a ! Th e bl e ss e d st at e o f sl e e p b e for e b irth and a ft e r

d e ath is as Jo e l ob s e rv e d so m e th ing l ik e old S h adowy
, ,

m e m or ie s o f th at u n su sp e ct ing thoughtl e ss st at e o f e arly ,

ch ildhood wh e r e as ye t no oppos it io n d istu rb e d t h e p e ac e

,

ful fl ow o f d awning l if e to wh ich t h e inne r lo ng in g ,

alw ays dr aws u s b ack ag ain an d ag ain and fro m wh ich ,

t h e act iv e l if e must fr e e its e l f ane w w ith struggl e and

d e at h so th at it m ay no t b e doo m e d to d e s t ruct io n L o ng
,
.

b e for e Jo el an I nd ian ch ie ft ain h ad s aid t h e s am e th ing

,

in s im il ar words to o ne o f t h e r e s t l e s s w is e m e n

Ah m y , b ro t he r , yo u w il l n ev e r l e arn to k now t he h ap p ine ss

of t h in k ing n o t h ing an d d o ing n o t h in g : t h is is ne x t t o S l e e p ; t h is
is t h e m o st d e l igh t fu l t h ing t h e re is . T hu s w e w e re b e fo re b irt h ,

t hu s w e sh al l b e aft e r d e at h .

W e sh all H iaw ath a s l at e r f at e how im port ant

se e in
’

h is e arly im p r e ss io n s are in his cho ic e o f a w if e H ia .

’
w at h a s firs t d e e d w as to k ill a ro e bu ck w ith h is arrow °

D e ad h e l ay t h e re in t h e fo re st ,
E y t h e fo rd ac ro ss t h e riv e r
”
.

Th is is t yp ic al o f H iaw at h a s d e e ds Wh at e v e r h e ’
.

k ill s fo r t h e m o st p ar t l ie s ne x t t o o r in t h e w a t e r s o m e
, , ,
3 64 P S YCH OLO G Y O F T H E UN C O N S C I OUS
’
com e s his g iant s str e ngth H e h as t ak e n o n t he p ar e nt s
.
’

sk in and no w h as h ims e lf b e co m e a gr e at m an N ow h e .

st art e d forth to his first gr e at b attl e to fight w ith t he

f ath e r M udj e ke e wis in ord e r to av e ng e h is d e ad moth e r
,

W e no nah N atur ally und e r th is figu r e o f sp e e ch h id e s

.
,

t h e thought th at h e sl ays t h e f ath e r in o rd e r to t ak e p os ,

s e ss io n o f t he moth e r Co m p ar e t he b attl e o f G ilg am e sh

.

w ith t h e g iant Chum b ab a and t he e nsu ing co nqu e st o f

I sht ar T h e f ath e r in t h e p sychologic s e ns e m e r e ly re p
.
, ,

r e se nts t he p e rso nifi c at ion o f t he in c e st p roh ib it io n ; th at

is to say r e s ist anc e wh ich d e f e nds t h e moth e r
, , I nst e ad .

o f t h e f ath e r it m ay b e a f e ar ful anim al ( t he gr e at b e ar

, ,

t h e s n ak e t h e dr ago n e t c ) wh ich m ust b e fought and

, , .

ov e rco m e T h e h e ro is a h e ro b e cau s e h e s e e s in e v e ry
.

d iffi culty o f l if e r e s ist anc e to t he forb idd e n tr e asur e and ,

fights th at r e s ist anc e w ith t h e compl e t e y e ar ning wh ich

str iv e s tow ards t h e tr e asu r e att ain abl e w ith diflicul t y o r , ,

u natt ainabl e t h e y e ar ning wh ich p ar alyz e s and k ills t h e

,

o rd inary m an .

H iaw ath a s f ath e r is M udj e ke e wis t he w e st w ind ; t h e

’
,

b attl e th e r e for e t ak e s pl ac e in t he w e st Th e n c e c am e
, , .

l ife ( imp r e gnat io n o f W e no nah ) th e n c e also c am e

d e ath ( d e ath o f W e no nah ) H iaw ath a th e r e for e .
, ,

fights t he typ ic al b attl e o f t he h e ro fo r r e b irth in t he

w e st e r n se a t he b attl e w ith t he d e vour ing t e rr ibl e
,

m oth e r th is t im e in t h e fo r m o f t h e f ath e r
,
M udj e .

ke e wis who h ims e lf h ad acqu ir e d a d iv ine natur e through

, ,

his conqu e st o f t h e b e ar n o w is ov e rpow e r e d by h is so n

,

B ac k re t re at e d M u dj e keew is ,

R ush ing w e st w ard o e r t he m o unt ains ’

,
 TH E D U A L M O TH ER ROLE 3 65

S t um b l ing w est w ard d ow n t h e m o unt ains ,

T h re e w ho l e d ay s re t re at e d fi gh t ing ,

S t il l pu rsu e d b y H iaw at h a
T o t he d o o rw ay s o f t h e West W ind -
,

T o t h e po rt al s o f t he S u nse t ,

T o t h e e art h s rem o t e st b o rd e r,
’

Whe re int o t he e m p t y sp ace s

S inks t he su n, as a fl am ingo
D rops int o he r ne st at n igh t fall
,
.

Th e thr e e d ays are a st e r e otyp e d fo rm r e p r e s e nt

ing t h e st ay in t h e se a p r ison o f n ight ( Tw e n ty fi rst .
-

u nt il tw e nty fou rth o f D e c e mb e r

-
Chr ist too r e m aine d , ,

thr e e d ays in t he und e rwo rld T h e tr e asur e d iffi cult

.
,

”
to att ain is c aptu r e d by t h e h e ro du r ing th is struggl e
,

in t h e w e st . I n th is c a s e t h e f ath e r mu st m ak e a gr e at
co nc e ss ion to t he so n ; he g iv e s h im d iv ine natu r e th at 23
'

v e ry w ind natu r e t h e imm ort al ity o f wh ich alo ne p ro

,

t e ct e d M udj e ke e w is from d e ath H e s ays to h is son

.

I wi l l Sh are m y k ing d o m w it h you ,

R ul e r sh all y u
o b e h e nc e fo rw ard ,
O f t he N o rt hw est W ind K eew ay d in
-
, ,

O f t he h om e w ind t he Keew ayd in

-
, .

Th at H iaw ath a n o w b e com e s rul e r o f t he hom e w ind -

h as it s clos e p ar all e l in t h e G ilg am e sh e p ic wh e r e G il g a ,

m e sh fi nally r e c e iv e s t he m ag ic h e rb from t he w is e old

U tn ap isht im who dw e lls in t h e W e st wh ich b r ings him
, ,

s af e onc e mo r e ov e r t he se a to his hom e ; but th is wh e n ,

h e is hom e ag ain is r e t ak e n from h im by a s e rp e nt

, .

Wh e n o ne h as S l ain t he f ath e r o ne c an obt ain poss e s ,

s io n o f his w if e and wh e n o ne h as conqu e r e d t he moth e r

, ,

’
o ne c an fr e e on e s s e lf .
3 66 P SY CH OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
On r e tur n j our ne y H iaw ath a stop s at t h e cl e v e r
t he

a rrow m ak e r s who p oss e ss e s a lov e ly d aught e r

’
-
,

And he n am e d h e r fro m t h e riv e r,

F ro m t he w at e r fall he nam e d -
h e r,
M inne h ah a L au gh ing W at e r
, .

Wh e n H iaw ath a in h is e arl ie st ch ildhood dr e am ing

, ,

f e lt t h e sou n ds o f w at e r and w ind p r e ss upo n h is e ar s ,

h e r e cogn iz e d in th e se sou n ds o f n atur e t h e sp e e ch o f h is

m oth e r T h e m ur m u r ing p ine tr e e s o n t h e sho r e o f t h e
.

gr e at se a s aid M inne w aw a
,
And ab ov e t h e m ur m u r .

ing o f t h e w in ds an d t he spl ash ing o f t h e w at e r h e fou n d

his e arl ie st ch ildhood dr e am s o n c e ag ain in a wo m an ,

M inne h ah a t h e l augh ing w at e r And t h e h e ro b e

, .
,

f o r e all oth e rs fi nds in wo m an t h e m o th e r in o rd e r t o

, ,

b e c o m e a ch ild ag ain and fi n ally to solv e t h e r iddl e o f , , ,

im m o rt al ity .

T h e fact th at M inne h ah a s f ath e r is a sk il ful a rrow

’

m ak e r b e tr ays h im as t h e fath e r o f t h e h e ro ( an d t h e
w o m an h e h ad w it h h im as t h e m o t h e r ) T h e fath e r o f .

t h e h e ro is v e ry o ft e n a sk il ful c arp e nt e r o r oth e r

'

art is an Acco rd in g to an Ar ab ian l e g e n d T ar e Abr a

.
, ,
24

h am s fath e r w as a sk ilful m ast e r wo rk m an wh o c o uld

’
, ,

c arv e arrows fro m any wo o d ; th at is t o say in t he ,

Ar ab ian fo r m o f sp e e ch h e w as a p ro cr e at o r o f spl e nd id ,

so n s .
25
M or e ov e r h e w as a m ak e r o f im ag e s o f gods
, .

T v asht ar Agni s f at h e r is t h e m ak e r o f t h e world a

’
, , ,

s m it h and c arp e nt e r t h e d isc o v e r e r o f fire b or ing Jo

,
-
.

se p h t h e fat h e r o f J e su s w a s al so a c a rp e n t e r ; l ik e w ise
, ,

K inyras Ado nis s fath e r who is s aid t o h av e inv e n t e d

’
, ,
3 68 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
M ast e r o f l ife ! he c rie d d espo nd ing
, ,

Mu st o u r l iv s d e pe d o
e n n h
t ese t h i gs
n ?

Th e qu e st io n wh e th e r ou r l iv e s m u st d e p e nd upon
th e s e th ings is v e ry str ang e I t sou nds as if l if e w e r e
.

d e r iv e d from th e s e th ings ; th at is to say fro m natur e ,

in g e ne r al. N atu r e s e e ms sudd e nly to h av e assum e d a

v e ry str ang e s ignific anc e Th is p h e nom e no n c an b e e x
.

pl aine d o nly through t h e f act th at a gr e at am ou nt o f

l ib ido was stor e d up and no w is g iv e n to natur e As is .

w e ll k now n m e n o f e v e n dull and p rosy m inds in t he

, ,

sp r in gt im e o f lov e su dd e nly b e com e aw ar e o f n atur e

, ,

and e v e n m ak e po e m s about it B ut w e know th at l ib ido

.
,

p r e v e nt e d from an actu al w ay o f tr ans f e r e nc e alw ays re ,

v e rts to an e arl ie r w ay o f tr ans f e r e n c e M inne h ah a t he

.
,

l augh ing w at e r is so cl e arly an allus io n to t h e moth e r

,

th at t h e s e cr e t y e ar ning o f t h e h e ro fo r t h e moth e r is
p ow e r fully touch e d Th e r e f o r e w ithout h av ing u nd e r
.
,

t ak e n anyth ing h e go e s hom e to N oko m is ; but th e r e ag ain

,

h e is dr iv e n aw ay b e c aus e M in ne h ah a alr e ady st ands in

,

his p ath .

H e tu rns th e r e for e e v e n fu rth e r aw ay into th at e arly

, , ,

youth ful p e r iod t h e t o ne s o f wh ich r e c all M inne h ah a

,

mo st forc ibly to h is thoughts wh e r e h e l e ar nt to h e ar

,

t h e moth e r sou n ds in t h e sou nds o f n atur e

-
I n th is v e ry
.

str ang e r e v iv al o f t h e im p r e s s io ns o f n atur e we r e cogniz e

a r e gr e ss io n to thos e e arl ie st an d stro ng e st n atur e im

p r e ss io n s wh ich st and ne xt to t he sub s e qu e nt ly e x t in

g u is h e,d e v e n stro n g e r im p r e,
ss io n s wh ich t h e ch ild r e

c e iv e d from t h e m oth e r T h e gl am ou r o f th is f e e l ing for

.

h e r is tr an s f e rr e d to oth e r obj e cts o f t h e ch ild ish e nv iro n

 TH E D U A L M O TH ER ROLE 69

m e n t ( f ath e r s hous e pl ayth ings

’
,
from wh ich l at e r
,

tho s e m ag ic bl iss ful f e e l ings p roc e e d wh ich s e e m to b e ,

p e cul iar to t he e arl ie st ch ild ish m e mo r ie s Wh e n th e r e .

,

fo r e H iaw ath a h id e s h ims e l f in t h e l ap o f natu r e it is

, ,

’
r e ally t h e moth e r s womb and it is to b e e xp e ct e d th at he
,

w ill e m e rg e ag ain ne w bo rn in som e fo rm

-

B e for e tur ning to th is ne w cr e at io n ari sm g from intro

v e rs io n th e r e is st ill a furth e r s ig nifi c an c e o f t h e p re
,

c e d ing qu e st ion to b e cons id e r e d : wh e th e r l if e is de

”
p e nd e nt upo n th e s e th ings L if e m ay d e p e nd upon
th e s e th ings in t h e d e gr e e th at th e y s e rv e fo r no urish
m e nt .W e mu st inf e r in th is c as e th at sudd e nly t he qu e s
’
t io n o f nutr it io n c am e v e ry ne ar t he h e ro s h e art ( Th is .

p o ss ib il ity w ill b e thoroughly prov e n in wh at follows ) .

Th e qu e st ion o f nutr it io n ind e e d e nt e rs s e r iously into

, ,

co ns id e r at ion F irst b e c au s e r e gr e ss ion to t h e moth e r

.
,

n e c e ss ar ily r e v iv e s th at sp e c ial p ath o f tr an s f e r e n c e ;

n am e ly th at o f nutr it ion through t h e moth e r

, AS soon .

as t h e l ib ido r e gr e ss e s to t h e p r e s e xu al st ag e th e r e we ,

m ay e xp e ct to se e t h e funct io n o f nutr it ion and it s sym

bols put in pl ac e o f t he s e xu al fu nct ion Th e nc e is de .

r iv e d an e ss e nt ial root o f t h e d ispl ac e m e nt from b e low

upw ards ( F r e ud ) b e c au s e in t h e pr e s e xu al st ag e t he
, , ,

p r inc ip al v alu e b e lo ngs no t to t h e g e nit als but to ,

t he .
mouth S e co ndly b e c aus e t h e h e ro f ast e d his
.
, ,

hu ng e r b e co m e s pr e do m in ant F ast ing as is w e ll k nown

.
, ,

is e m ploy e d to s il e n c e s e xu al ity ; also it e xp r e ss e s sym ,

b o l ic al ly t he r e s ist an c e a g ainst s e xu al ity tr ansl at e d into ,

t h e l an gu ag e o f t h e pr e s e xu al st ag e O n t h e fourth d ay
.

o f h is f ast t he h e ro c e as e d to addr e ss h im s e lf to n atu r e ;

3 70 P SY CH OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
h e l ay exh aust e d w ith h al f clos e d e y e s upo n h is cou ch
,
-

, ,

su nk d e e p in dr e ams t h e p ictur e o f e xtr e m e introv e rs io n

, .

W e h av e alr e ady s e e n th at in such c ircu m s t anc e s an , ,

in f ant il e int e r n al e qu iv al e nt fo r r e al ity app e ars in t h e ,

pl ac e o f e xt e r n al l if e and r e al ity Th is is also t he c as e .

w ith H iaw ath a °

And he saw a yout h app ro ac h ing ,

D re sse d in g arm e nt s g re e n and y e ll ow ,

C o m ing t h ro ugh t he pu rpl e t w il igh t ,

Th rou gh t h e sp l e nd o r o f t h e sunse t ;
P l um es o f g re e n b e nt o e r h is fo rehe ad , ’

An d his h air w as so ft and g ol d e n ”

.

Th is r e m ark abl e app ar it io n r e v e als h ims e lf in t h e fol

low ing m an ne r to H iaw ath a

F rom t he M ast e r o f Life d esc end ing ,

I t he
, frie n d o f m an M o nd am in
, ,

Co m e t o w arn yo u and inst ruc t yo u ,

'

H ow by st ru g gl e and b y l ab o r

Y ou sh al l g ain w h at yo u h av e p ray e d for .

R ise u p fro m y o u r b e d o f b ranc he s ;

R ise O y ou t h and w rest l e w it h m e !
, ,

M o nd am in is t h e m aiz e : god who is e at e n ar is ing

a , ,

fro m H iaw ath a s introv e rs ion H is hu ng e r t ak e n in a

’
.
,

d o ubl e s e n s e h is lo ng in g fo r t h e n our ish ing m oth e r g iv e s

, ,

b ir t h fro m h is soul to anoth e r h e ro t h e e d ibl e m aiz e t h e , ,

so n o f t h e e arth m o t h e r Th e r e fo r e h e ag ain ar is e s at
.
,

su ns e t sym b o l iz ing t h e e ntr an c e int o t h e m oth e r and in

, ,

t h e w e st e r n su n se t gl o w h e b e g in s ag ain t h e m yst ic strug

g l e w ith t h e s e l f cr e a-
t e d god t h e g o d who h
, as o r ig in at e d
e nt ir e ly fro m t h e l o ng ing fo r t h e nour ish ing m oth e r .
3 72 P S YCH OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
p r e v iously d e s ir e d H iaw ath a d ig s h is gr av e in moth e r
,

e arth an d soo n a ft e rw ards fro m th is gr av e t h e you ng

,

and fr e sh m aiz e grows fo r t h e n ou r ishm e nt o f m ank in d .

C o n c e r ning t h e thought o f th is fr agm e nt w e h av e ,

th e r e in a b e aut iful p ar all e l to t h e m yst e ry o f M ithr a ,

wh e r e fi rst t h e b attl e o f t h e h e ro w ith h is bull o ccu rs .

A ft e rw ards M ithr a c arr ie s in tr ans itu s t he bull into

t h e c av e wh e r e h e k ills h im
, F rom th is d e ath all fe r .

t il it y grows al l th at is e d ibl e
, T he c av e co rr e spo nds .
29

to t h e gr av e T h e s am e id e a is r e pr e s e nt e d in t h e Chr is
.

t ian myst e r ie s although g e ne r ally in mo r e b e aut iful

,

hum an forms Th e soul struggl e o f Chr ist in G e th

.

s e m ane wh e r e he struggl e s w ith h ims e l f in o rd e r to com

,

”
p l e t e his work th e n t h e tr a ns itus
,
t h e c a rry in g o f t h e ,

cro ss wh e r e h e t ak e s upon h ims e lf t h e sym bol o f t he

,
30

d e stru ct iv e moth e r and th e r e w ith t ak e s h ims e l f to t he

,

s acr ific ial gr av e from wh ich a ft e r thr e e d ays h e t ri

, , ,

um ph ant l y ar is e s ; al l th e s e id e as e xp r e ss t h e s am e fund a

m e nt al thoughts Also t he sy m bol o f e at ing is no t l ack

.
,

ing in t h e Chr ist ian myst e ry Chr ist is a god who is e at e n .

in t h e L ord s S upp e r H is d e ath tr ans fo r m s h im into

’
.

br e ad and w ine wh ich w e p art ak e o f in gr at e ful m e mo ry

,

o f h is gr e at d e e d T h e r e l at ion o f Ag ni to t h e S om a
31
.

dr ink and th at o f D io nysus to w ine m u st not b e o m itt e d

h e r e An e v id e nt p ar all e l is S amso n s r e nd ing o f t he
.
’

l io n and t he sub s e qu e nt inh ab it at ion o f t h e d e ad l io n by

,

hon e y b e e s wh ich g iv e s r is e to t h e w e ll known G e rm an

,
-

r iddl e
S pe ise g ing v on de m F resse r u nd S ussigke it v on de m S t ark en
( Fo o d w e nt fro m t h e gl u t t o n and sw e e t fro m t he 3“
 TH E D U A L M O TH ER ROLE 3 73

In E l e us in ian m yst e r ie s th e s e thoughts s e e m to

t he

h av e pl ay e d a rOl e B e s id e s D e m e t e r and P e rs e pho ne

.
,

I akch o s is a ch ie f go d o f t h e E l e u s inian cult ; h e w as t h e

pu e r ae t e rnu s , t he e e t rn al boy o f whom O v id s ays
, t he

follow ing

T u p ue r mt e rnus, t u fo rm O S iSS imus al t o

C o nsp ice ris c ce l o t ib i, c um sine c o rnib us ast as,
”
Virg ineum c ap u t e st , etc .
"6

I n t he gr e at E l e u s in ian f e st iv al pro c e ss io n t he im age

o f I akcho s w as c arr ie d I t is no t e asy to say wh ich god .

is I akc h o s, p o ss ibly a boy o r a ne w bor n so n s im il ar to ,

-
,

t h e E tru r ian T ag e s who b e ars t h e su r n am e t h e fr e shly

,

plough e d boy b e c au s e acco rd ing to t he myth h e aro s e

, , ,

from t he fu rrow o f t h e fi e ld b e h ind t h e p e as ant who was ,

plough ing Th is id e a shows un m ist ak ably t h e M o nd am in

.

mot iv e T h e plough is o f w e ll k now n ph all ic m e aning ;

.
-

t h e furrow o f t h e fi e ld is p e rso n ifi e d by t h e H in doo s as

wom an T he p sychology o f th is id e a is th at o f a co itus

.
,

r e f e rr e d b ack to t h e pr e s e xu al st age ( st ag e o f nutr i

t ion ) T h e so n is t h e e d ibl e fru it o f t he fi e ld I akcho s
. .

p ass e s in p art as son o f D e m e t e r o r o f P e rs e phon e

, , ,

also app ropr iat e ly as consort o f D e m e t e r ( H e ro a s pro .

cr e ato r o f h im s e l f ) H e is also c all e d 1 77; A lfl fl T/J O S

. ’
'

saifl w ( Aa iucm e qu als l ib ido a lso M

/ o t h e r l ib ido ) H e ,
.

w as id e nt ifi e d w ith D io nysus e sp e c ially w ith t h e Thr ac ian ,

D io nysu s Z agr e u s o f who m a typ ic al fat e o f r e b irth w as

-
,

r e l at e d H e r a h ad go ad e d t he T it ans ag ainst Z agr e u s

.
,

* Th ou b oy e t e rn a l ,
th ou m o st b e a ut if l u o ne see n in the i
h e av e ns, w t h
o ut h o rn s st an d i ng ,
i
w t h t hy i i
v rg n hea d ,
e tc .
3 74 P SY CH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OU S
who as sum ing m any for m s sought to e sc ap e th e m u nt il
, , ,

t h e y fi n ally t o ok h im wh e n h e h ad t ak e n o n t h e fo r m o f a

bull I n t h is fo r m h e w as k ill e d ( M ithr a s acr ific e ) and

.

d ism e m b e r e d and t h e p ie c e s w e r e t hrow n into a c aul

,

dro n ; but Z e us k ill e d t he T it ans by l ight ning and sw al ,

low e d t h e st ill throbb ing h e art o f Z agr e u s Through th is

-
.

ac t h e g av e h im e x ist e n c e o n c e mor e and Z agr e u s as ,

I akch o s ag ain c am e fo rth .

I akc h o s c arr ie s t h e torch t he ph all ic sy m bol o f pro cr e a

,

t io n as P l ato t e st ifi e s
,
I n t h e fe st iv al pro c e ss io n t h e
.
,

sh e a f o f co r n t h e cr adl e o f I akc h o s w as c arr ie d

, , .

( h i nu ov m y,st ic a v ann u s I a cch i ) T h e O rph ic l e

. g e n d
r e l at e s th at I akcho s w as b rought up by P e rs e pho ne wh e n , ,

a ft e r t hr e e y e a rs slu m b e r in t h e Ai u u o u h e awok e Th is
’
*
,
.

st at e m e nt d ist inctly sugg e sts t h e M o nd am in mot iv e T h e .

2 0 t h o f B o e dro m ion ( t h e month B o e drom io n l asts from

abou t t h e 5 t h o f S e pt e mb e r to t h e 5 t h o f O ctob e r ) is

c all e d I akcho s in ho no r o f t h e h e ro O n t h e e v e ning

, .

o f t his d ay t h e gr e at torchl ight pro c e ss io n took pl ac e o n

t h e s e ashor e in wh ich t h e qu e st and l am e nt o f D e m e t e r
,

w as r e pr e s e nt e d T h e rOl e o f D e m e t e r who s e e k ing

.
, ,

h e r d aught e r w and e rs ov e r t h e whol e e arth w ithout food

,

o r dr ink h as b e e n t ak e n ov e r by H iaw at h a in t h e I n d ian

,

e p ic . H e tu r n s to all cr e at e d th ings w ithout obt aining an

an sw e r . AS D e m e t e r first l e ar n s o f h e r d aught e r from
t h e subt e rr ane an H e c at e so do e s H iaw ath a first find t h e
,

o ne sought fo r M o nd am in ,
in t h e d e e p e st introv e rs io n
,

( d e sc e n t to t h e moth e r ) H ia w ath a p roduc

. e s from h im
s e lf M ond am in as a m oth e r p roduc e s t he son The
, , .

*
A w i nno w i ng fan use d as c rad l e .
3 76 P S YCH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
A furth e r E l e u s inian symbol ism is fou nd in t h e f e st iv al
o f H ie ro sg am o s in t h e fo r m o f t h e m ys t ic c h e s t s wh ich
, ,
,

a ccord in g to t h e t e st imo ny o f Cl e m e ns o f Al e x andr ia ,

m ay h av e cont aine d p astry s alt and fru its T h e synt h e m a , .

( co n f e ss ion ) o f t h e myst ic tr ansm itt e d by Cl e m e ns is sug

i i st ill oth r d ir ct ions
’

g e st v e n e e

I h ave fast e d , I h ave d ru nk o f t he b arl e ydrink, I h av e k t a en

fro m t he c he st and aft e r I hav e l ab o re d I h av e pl ace d , it b ac k in

”
t he b aske t , and from t he b ask e t into t he c hest .

T he qu e st io n as to wh at l ay in t h e ch e st is e xpl ain e d
in d e t ail by D ie t e r ich T h e l abor h e co ns id e rs a ph all ic
.
3 9

act iv ity wh ich t h e myst ic h as to p e r form

, I n f act re p .
,

re se nt at io ns o f t h e myst ic b ask e t are g iv e n wh e r e in l ie s ,

a ph allu s su rrou n d e d by fru its U po n t h e so c all e d 40 -

.

L o v at e ll i tomb v as e t h e sculptu r e s o f wh ich are und e r

,

stood to b e E l e u s inian c e r e mo nie s it is show n how a ,

myst ic c ar e ss e d t h e s e rp e n t e ntw ining D e m e t e r T h e .

c ar e ss ing o f t he f e ar anim al ind ic at e s a r e l igious co nqu e r

ing o f in c e st Acco rd ing to t h e t e st im o ny o f Cl e m e ns o f
.
“1

Al e x andr ia a s e rp e nt w as in t h e ch e st T h e s e rp e nt in
,
.

th is co nne ct io n is natur ally o f ph all ic natur e t h e ph allu s ,

wh ich is fo rb idd e n in r e l at io n to t h e m oth e r R ohd e .

m e nt io n s th at in t he Arrh e t o p ho rie s p astry in t h e fo rm , ,

o f ph all i and s e rp e nts w e r e t hrow n into t h e c av e ne ar,

t h e T h e sm o ph o rio n Th is cust o m w as a p e t it io n fo r t he
.

b e stow al o f ch ildr e n an d h arv e st T h e s n ak e also pl ays .

42

a l arg e p a rt in init iat io n s u n d e r t h e r e m ark abl e t it l e

6 6 m} u o An o v 05 6 V
’

Cl e m e n s o b se rv e s t h at t he symbol
“

H e w ho a ch i eve d d i i n i ty
v t h ro ug h t h e w o mb .
 THE D U A L M O TH ER R O LE 3 77
I f I

of S ab az i os myst e r i e s 5 6 1 01 q
o o o

t he m m / 6 5 0 5, sp a m w -
is (
' '
i lt rro v 1 05 V é
’

dé ov ros d i sh n o y s u o s r sll o v y
'

eo r z n a r ov uo

*
v o w .

Throu gh Arno b ius we l e ar n

A u re us c ol u ber in sinu m de m it t it u r c o nsec rat is et e x im it u r

ru rsus a b in fe rio rib u s p art ib us at qu e im is .

In t he O rph ic Hy m n 5 ,
2 B acchu s is invok e d by
’
6 n o u o Am e, h at t h e god e nt e rs into
i wh ich ind ic at e s t

m an as if through t h e fe m al e g e nit als Accord ing to 43

.

t h e t e st im o ny o f H ipp olytu s t h e h ie roph ant in t h e mys ,

' ’

t e ry e xcl aim e d zep o v sre n s n o r r i d n o v p o r s y oi fi p zuo u

' i

( t h e r e v e r e d o n e h as brought f o rth a holy boy B r imo s ,

fro m B r im o ) Th is Chr istm as gosp e l

. U nto u s a so n ,

is bor n is illustr at e d e sp e c ially through t h e tr ad it io n

,

th at t h e Ath e nians s e cr e tly S how to t he p art ak e rs in

t h e E p o pt ia t h e gr e at and wo n d e r ful and most p e rf e ct
,

”
E popt ic myst e ry a m o w n s t al k o f w h e a t ,
.
45

T h e p ar all e l fo r t he m ot iv e o f d e ath and r e su rr e ct ion

is t h e mot iv e o f los ing an d fi nd ing T h e m ot iv e app e ars .

in r e l ig iou s r it e s in e x actly t h e s am e con ne ct io n n am e ly , ,

in sp r ing fe st iv it ie s s im il ar to t h e H ie ro sg am o s wh e r e ,

t h e im ag e o f t h e god w as h idd e n and fou nd ag ain I t is .

an unc an o nic al tr ad it io n th at M os e s l e ft h is f ath e r s

’

hou s e wh e n tw e lv e y e ars old to t e ach m ank ind I n a .

s im il ar m anne r Chr ist is lo st by h is p ar e nts and th e y ,

find him ag ain as a t e ach e r o f w isdo m ju st a s in t h e M o ,

* H wh e ch i d d i i n i t y t h g h t h w m b ; h i
o a ev e v p nt nd h ro u e o e s a se r e , a e

w as d w t h gh th w mb f t h w h w
ra n ro u e b i ng i i t i t d
o o o se o e re e n a e .

TT h g l d e p nt i c w d d i t
o en se r th
e b t f t h i ni t i t
s ro nd i e n o e re a s o e a es a s

th en d r aw n o u t t h ro u g h t h e l o w e st p art s .

Fir t u s, h e w h o is in t h e v ag n a o ri w om b .
3 78 P S YCH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I O U S

h am m e dan l e g e nd M o s e s Jo shu a los e t he fi sh and

and ,

in h is pl ac e C h idh e r t h e t e ach e r o f w isdo m app e ars

, ,

( l ik e t h e boy J e su s in t h e t e m pl e ) so do e s t h e co r n god ,

lost and b e l ie v e d to b e d e ad sudd e nly ar is e ag ain fro m ,

his moth e r into r e n e w e d youth ( Th a t Chr ist w a s.l aid

in t h e m ang e r is sugg e s t iv e o f fodd e r R ob e rtso n th e r e .
,

for e pl ac e s t h e m ang e r as p ar all e l to t h e l ik no n )

, .

W e u nd e rst and from th e s e accou nts why t he E l e usin

ian m yst e r ie s w e r e for t h e m yst ic so r ich in comfort for
t h e hop e o f a b e tt e r world A b e aut iful E l e us inian e pi
.

t ap h shows th is

T rul y , a b eau t ifu l se c re t is p ro c l aim e d b y t he b l e sse d G o d s !

M o rt al ity is no t a c u rse , b u t d e at h a b l e ssing !

T he hy m n to D e m et e r 4“
in t h e myst e r ie s also s ays t he

s am e

Bl essed is he , b o rn m an w ho h at h see n t h is !
t h e e art h -
,

W ho h at h no t sh are d in t h ese d iv ine c e re m o nies ,

H e hat h an u ne q u al fat e in t he o b sc u re d ark ne ss o f d e at h .

I mm ort al ity is inh e r e nt in t h e E l e u s inian symbol ; in a

chu rch so ng o f t h e nine t e e nth c e ntury by S amu e l P r e is
w e rk we d iscov e r it a g ain

T he w o rl d is y ou rs Lo rd J e sus , ,

T he w o rl d o n w h ic h w e st and
, ,

B ec au se it is t hy w o rl d
It c anno t p e rish .

O nl y t h e w h e at , b e fo re it co m es

Up to t he l ig h t in it s fe rt il it y ,
M ust d ie in t he b o so m o f t he e arth
F irst free d fro m it s o w n nat ure .
3 80 P S YCH OLO G Y OF T H E U N C O N S C I O U S

a sc e ne wh e r e a myst ic wr app e d in a m antl e dr awn ov e r ,

his h e ad w as l e d to S il e n who holds t h e

, ,
Mp o w “ /

( ch al ic e ) cov e,
r e d w ith a cloth T h e cov e r ing o f.t h e

h e ad s ignifi e s d e ath T h e myst ic die s figu r at iv e ly l ik e

.
, ,

t h e s e e d co r n grows ag ain and com e s to t h e corn h ar

,

v e st P ro clu s r e l at e s th at t h e myst ics w e r e bur ie d up to

.

th e ir n e cks T h e Chr ist ian church as a pl ac e o f r e l igious

.

c e r e mo ny is r e ally noth ing but t h e gr av e o f a h e ro ( c at a

combs ) T h e b e l ie v e r d e sc e nds into t he gr av e in o rd e r
.
,

t o r is e from t h e d e ad w ith t h e h e ro Th at t he m e aning .

u n d e rly ing t h e chu rch is th at o f t h e m oth e r s wo m b c an ’

sc arc e ly b e doubt e d T h e symbols o f M as s are so dis

.

t in ct th at t h e mythology o f t h e s acr e d act p e e p s out

e v e rywh e r e I t is t h e m ag ic ch arm o f r e b irth T he v e n
. .

e rat io n o f t h e Holy S e pulchr e is mo st pl ain in th is re

sp e ct A str ik ing e x ampl e is t he Holy S e pulchr e o f S t

. .

S t e fan o in B ologna Th e church its e lf a v e ry old polyg

.
,

o nal bu ild ing co ns ists o f t h e r e m ains o f a t e mpl e to I s is

, .

Th e int e r io r cont ain s an a rt ific ial sp e l wum a so c all e d ,

-

H oly S e pulchr e into wh ich o n e cr e e p s through a v e ry

,

l it tl e doo r A ft e r a lo ng soj ou r n t he b e l ie v e r r e app e ars

.
,

r e bor n from th is moth e r s wo m b An E t ru sc an o ssu ar ium

’
.

in t h e arc h wo l o g ic al mus e u m in F lor e nc e is at t he s am e

t im e a st atu e o f M atut a t h e godd e s s o f d e ath ; t h e cl ay
,

fi gu r e o f t h e godd e s s is h o llow e d w it h in as a r e c e pt acl e

fo r t h e ash e s T h e r e pr e s e nt at io n s ind ic at e t h at M atut a
.

is t h e m oth e r H e r ch air is ador n e d w it h sph inx e s as a

.
,

fitt ing symbol fo r t h e m o t h e r o f d e at h .

O nly a fe w o f t h e fu r t h e r d e e d s o f H iaw at h a c an in
t e re st u s h e r e Am o n g th e s e is t h e b at t l e w it h M ish e
.
TH E S O -
CA LL E D H O LY S EP U L C H R E OF S . ST EFA N O AT B O L O G N A
382 P SY CH OLO G Y O F THE U N C ON S C I OU S

or in so m e w ay d e stroys O ft e n t h e d e ath o f t he
.

m o nst e r o ccurs a s t h e r e sult o f a fire wh ich t h e h e ro

s e cr e tly m ak e s w ith in him ; h e m yst e r iously cr e at e s in t h e
wo m b o f d e ath l ife t h e r is ing sun Thu s d ie s t h e fish
,
.
,

wh ich dr ifts asho r e wh e r e w ith t he ass ist anc e o f

, ,

b irds t h e h e ro ag ain att ain s t h e l ight o f d ay

,
T he .
48

b ird in th is s e ns e p rob ably m e ans t he r e asc e nt o f t h e sun ,

t h e lo ng ing o f t h e l ib ido t h e r e b irth o f t h e p h ce nix

,
.

( T h e lo n g in g is v e ry fr e qu e n tly r e p r e s e nt e d by t h e s
y m
bol o f hov e r ing ) T h e sun sy m bol o f t he b ird r is ing from
.

t h e w at e r is ( e ty m olog ic ally ) co nt ain e d in t h e s ing ing

sw an . S w an is d e r iv e d fro m t h e ro ot sv e n l ik e ,

su n and to ne
( S.e e t h e pr e c e d in g ) Th i s. a c t S i g ni fie s

r e b irth and t h e br ing ing fo rth o f l if e from t he m oth e r

, ,

and by th is m e an s t h e ult im at e d e stru ct io n o f d e ath ,

wh ich accord ing to a N e gro myth h as com e into t h e

, ,

wo rld through t h e m ist ak e o f an old wom an who at

, , ,

t h e t im e o f t h e g e n e r al c ast ing o f sk in s ( fo r m e n re

ne w e d th e ir youth through c ast ing th e ir sk in l ik e

sn ak e s ) dr e w o n through abs e nt m ind e d ne ss h e r old
, ,
-
,

sk in in st e ad o f a ne w o ne and as a r e sult d ie d B ut t h e
, .

ef fe ct o f su ch an ac t could no t b e o f any dur at ion Ag ain .

an d ag ain troubl e s o f t h e h e ro are r e n e w e d alw ays u n d e r ,

t h e sy m bol o f d e l iv e r an c e from t h e m oth e r Ju st as H e r a

.

( a s t h e pursu ing m oth e r ) is t h e r e al sourc e o f t h e gr e at

d e e ds o f H e rcul e s so do e s N okom is allow H iaw ath a no

,

r e st and r ais e s up ne w d iffi cult ie s in h is p ath in form o f

, ,

d e sp e r at e adv e ntur e s in wh ich t h e h e ro m ay p e rh ap s c o n

qu e r but also p e rh ap s m ay p e r ish T h e l ib ido o f m an
, , , .

k ind is alw ays in adv an c e o f h is co nsc iou s ne ss ; u nl e s s h is

M AT UTA , AN E T R U S CA N P I ET A
 8
3 4 P SY CH OLOG Y O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
the p r e c iou s ho ard t he myst e r ious tr e asur e T h e
, .

bl ack S tyg ian w at e r is l ik e t h e bl ack muddy spr ing o f

, ,

Dhul qarne in t h e pl ac e wh e r e t h e sun d ie s and e nt e rs into

,

r e b ir t h t h e m at e r nal se a o f d e ath and n ight O n h is

, .

j ou r ne y th ith e r H iaw ath a t ak e s w ith h im t h e m ag ic o il

o f M ish e N ah m a wh ich h e lps his bo at through t h e w at e rs
-
,

o f d e ath ( Also a so rt o f ch arm for immort al ity l ik e

.
,

’
t h e dr ago n s bloo d fo r S ie gfr ie d e t c ) ,
.

F irst H iaw ath a sl ays t h e gr e at s e rp e nt O f t he

, .

n ight j ou rn e y in t h e se a ov e r t he S tyg ian w at e rs it is

wr itt e n

All n ig h t l o ng h e l d
sai e up on it ,
S ail e d u po n t h at sl u gg ish w at e r,
C ov e re d wit h it s m o ul d o f ages ,

Bl ac k w it h ro t t ing w at e r rushes -
,

R ank w it h fl ags and l e av es o f l il ies

, ,

S t ag nant l ife l ess d re ary d ism al

, , , ,

L igh t e d b y t he sh im m e ring m o onl ight

And b y w ill o t h e w isps il l um ine d
’
- - -
,

F ire s b y ghost s o f d ead m e n k in d l e d ,

I n t h e ir w e ary nigh t e nc am pm e nt s
”
.

T he d e scr ipt io n pl ainly shows t he ch ar act e r o f a w at e r

o f d e ath T h e co nt e nts o f t h e w at e r po int to an alr e ady
.

m e nt io n e d mot iv e th at o f e nc o il ing an d d e vou r ing

,
I t is .

s aid in t h e K e y to D r e am s o f Jag adde v a

Whoev e r d re am s su rro u nd s his b o d y w it h b ast

in , c re e p e rs o r
”
ro p e s, w it h snak e sk ins t h re ad s o r t issue s d ies
-

, , , .

I r e fe r pr e c e d ing argu m e nts in r e g ard to th is

t o t he .

H av ing co m e into t h e w e s t l and t h e h e r o ch all e ng e s t h e ,

m ag ic ian to b attl e A t e rr ibl e struggl e b e g ins H ia

. .
 TH E D U A L M O TH ER ROLE 385

w ath a is p ow e rl e ss b e c aus e M e g isso gwo n is inv ulne r

,

abl e . At e v e ning H iaw ath a r e t ir e s wou nd e d d e sp air ing ,

for a wh il e in ord e r to r e st :
,

P ause d to rest b e ne at h a p ine

-
t re e ,

F rom b ranc hes t rail e d t he m osses

w h o se ,

And w hose t ru nk w as c o at e d o v e r
W it h t he D e ad m an s M o c c asin l e at he r
-
’
-
,

Wit h t he fungus w h it e and y el l ow ”

.

Th is prot e ct ing tr e e is d e scr ib e d as co at e d ov e r w ith

t h e mo cc as in l e ath e r o f t h e d e ad t h e fu ng us Th is in ,
.

v e st ing o f t h e tr e e w ith ant hro m o rphic attr ibut e s is als o

an import ant r it e wh e r e v e r tr e e wo rsh ip p r e v ails as fo r , ,

e x ampl e in I n d ia wh e r e e ach v ill ag e h as it s s acr e d tr e e

, , ,
.

wh ich is cloth e d and in g e ne r al tr e at e d as a hum an b e ing .

T h e tr e e s are ano int e d w ith fr agr ant w at e rs spr inkl e d ,

w ith p owd e r ado r ne d w ith g arl an ds and dr ap e r ie s Ju st

,
.

as amo ng m e n t h e p ie rc ing o f t h e e ars was pe rf o r m e d

,

as an ap o t ro paic c h ar m ag ains t d e a t h, so do es it o cc ur

w it h t he h o ly t re e Of al l t h e
tr e e s o f I nd ia th e r e is no ne
.

m or e s acr e d to t he H indoo s th an t h e Asw at h a ( F icu s re

l ig io sa ) I t is kno wri to th e m as Vriksh a R aj a ( k ing o f
.

tr e e s ) B r ah ma V ish nu and M ah e sv ar l iv e in it and t h e

, , ,

worsh ip o f it is t he wo rsh ip o f t he tr iad Almost e v e ry .

I nd ian v ill ag e h as an Asw at h a etc Th is v ill ag e ,

51
.

l ind e n tr e e w e ll k now n to u s is h e r e cl e arly ch ar act e r

, ,

iz e d as t h e moth e r symbol ; it co nt ain s t h e thr e e gods .

H e nc e wh e n H iaw ath a r e t ir e s to r e st u nd e r t h e p ine

,

tr e e it is a d ang e rou s st e p b e c au s e h e r e s igns h im s e lf

,
52
,

to t h e moth e r whos e g ar m e n t is t he g ar m e nt o f d e ath

,

( t h e d e vour in g moth e r ) As in t h e wh al e dr a go n . t h e -
,
3 86 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
h e ro also in th is s itu at io n ne e ds a h e lp ful b ird th at
is to say t h e h e lp ful anim als wh ich r e p r e s e nt t h e b e ne v o
, ,

l e nt p ar e nts :
S u dd enl y fro m t h e b o ughs ab ove h im
S ang t h e M am a t he w oo d p ec ke r ;
,

Aim y o u r arro w s H iaw at h a , ,

At t he h e ad o f M eg isso gw o n ,

S t rik e t h e t u ft o f h air upon it ,

At t h e ir ro o t s t he l o ng b l ac k t re sses ;

T he re al o ne c an h e b e w o u nd e d .
’

N ow , amus ing to r e l at e M am a hur r ie d to his h e lp

,
.

I t is a p e cul iar f act th at t he woodp e ck e r w as also t h e

M am a o f R o m ulu s and R e m us who put n ou r ish m e nt ,

into t he m ouths o f t he tw ins w ith h is b e ak ( Co m p a r e .

53

w ith th at t h e rOl e o f t h e vultur e in L e o nardo s dr e am ’

.

T h e vultu r e is s acr e d to M ars l ik e t h e woodp e ck e r ) , .

W ith t he m at e r n al s ignific anc e o f t he woodp e ck e r t h e ,

an c ie nt I t al ian folk sup e rst it io n agr e e s : th at from t h e

-

tr e e upo n wh ich th is b ird ne st e d any n ail wh ich h as b e e n

dr iv e n in w ill soo n drop out ag ain T h e woodp e ck e r .
54

ow e s it s sp ec ial S ignific anc e to t h e c ircu m st anc e th at h e

”
h am m e rs h o l e s int o t re e s To dr iv e n ails in as
.
,

abov e ! ) I t is th e r e fo r e u nd e rst and abl e th at h e w as

, ,

m ad e m uch o f in t h e R o m an l e g e nd as an old k ing o f

t h e cou ntry a po ss e s s o r o r rul e r o f t h e holy t r e e t h e
, ,

p r i m i t i v e i m ag e o f t h e P at e r fam il ias An old fabl e re .

l at e s how C irc e t h e spous e o f K ing P icus tr ans fo r m e d

, ,

h im into t he P icus M a rt iu s t h e w o odp e ck e r ,

T h e so rc e r .

”
e ss is t h e n e w cr e at ing m o t h e r
-
who h as m ag ic in ,

fl ue n c e upo n t h e sun husb and S he k ills h im tr an s

-
.
,
388 P S YCH OLO G Y OF TH E U N C ON S C I O U S

o f d e ath wh ich in it s tur n r e p r e s e nts t h e d e vou r ing

,

moth e r Th is gr e at d e e d o f H iaw ath a s wh e r e h e h as

.
’
,

v anqu ish e d t h e m oth e r as t h e d e ath br ing ing d e m o n -

,

is follow e d by h is m arr iag e w ith M inn e h ah a .

A l ittl e f abl e wh ich t h e po e t h as in s e rt e d in t he l at e r

so ng is not e worthy An old m an is tr ans form e d into a
.

youth by c rawling t h ro ug h a h o ll o w o ak t re e
,
.

I n t h e fourt e e nth so ng is a d e scr ipt io n o f how H ia

w ath a d iscov e rs wr it ing I l im it mys e lf to t he de scrip
.

t ion o f two h ie roglyph ic tok e ns :

G it c he M anit o t he M igh ty ,

H e, t h e M ast e r o f L ife w as p aint e d

,

As an egg, w it h p o int s p ro j e c t ing

T o t h e fo u r w ind s o f t he h e av e ns .

E v e ryw he re is t h e G re at S p irit ,

W as t he m e aning of t h is ym b ol
s .

T he world l ie s in t h e e g g wh ich e ncomp ass e s it at

,

e v e ry p o int ; it is t h e cos m ic wo m an w ith ch ild t h e sym ,

bol o f wh ich P l ato as w e ll as t h e V e d as h as m ad e use o f .

Th is moth e r is l ik e t he air wh ich is e v e rywh e r e B ut air

, .

is sp ir it ; t h e moth e r o f t h e world is a sp ir it

M it c he M ani t o t he M igh t y ,

He d re ad ful S p irit o f E v il
t he ,

As a se rp e nt w as d e p ic t e d ,

As K e nab ee k t he g re at se rpe nt
, .

B ut t he sp ir it o f e v il is f e ar is t h e forb idd e n d e s ir e
, ,

t he a dv e rs ary who oppo s e s no t o nly e ach ind iv idu al h e ro ic

d e e d but l ife in it s struggl e fo r e t e r n al dur at ion as w e ll
, ,

and who introduc e s into ou r body t h e p o ison o f w e ak

 TH E D U A L M O TH ER ROLE 3 89

ne ss and ag e through t h e tr e ach e rou s b it e o f t he s e rp e nt .

I t is all th at is r e trogr e ss iv e and as t h e m o de l o f our ,

fi rst world is ou r moth e r all r e trogr e ss iv e t e nd e nc ie s are

,

tow ards t h e moth e r and th e r e for e are d isgu is e d u nd e r

, , ,

t h e inc e st im ag e

I n both th e s e id e as t h e p o e t h as r e p r e s e nt e d in myt ho
log ic symbols t h e l ib ido ar is ing from t h e m oth e r and
t h e l ib ido str iv ing b ackw a rd tow ards t h e moth e r .

Th e r e is a d e scr ipt io n in t h e fi ft e e nth so ng how Ch ib ia

bo s H iaw ath a s b e st fr ie nd t h e am iabl e pl ay e r and s ing e r
,
’
, ,

t h e e mbod im e nt o f t h e j oy o f l if e w as e nt ic e d by t h e e v il ,

sp ir its into ambu sh f e ll through t he ice and w as drowne d

, .

H iaw ath a mour n s fo r him so lo ng th at h e succ e e ds w ith ,

t h e aid o f t h e m ag ic ian in c all ing h im b ac k ag ain B ut t h e

, .

re v iv ifie d fr ie n d is o nly a sp ir it an d h e b e co m e s m ast e r o f,

t h e l an d o f sp ir its ( O s ir is
. lord o f t h e u n d e rworld
, ; t h e

two D ioscu r i ) B attl e s ag ain follow and th e n co m e s t h e

.
,

lo ss o f a s e co nd fr ie nd Kw asind t he e m bod im e nt o f
, ,

phys ic al str e ngth .

I n t h e tw e nt ie th so ng occu r f am ine an d t h e d e ath o f

M inne h ah a for e told by two t ac itur n gu e sts fro m t h e
,

l and o f d e ath ; and in t h e tw e nty s e co nd so ng H iaw ath a -

p r e p ar e s fo r a fin al j ou r ne y to t h e w e st l and

I am g o ing , 0 N o k o m is ,

On a l o ng an d d ist ant j o u rne y ,

T o t he po rt al s o f t he S u nse t ,

T o t h e re g io ns o f t h e h o m e w ind -
,

O f t he N o rt hw e st W in d K e e w ay d in -
.

O ne
'

l o ng t rac k and t rail o f spl e n dor ,

D ow n w hose st re am , as d ow n a riv e r,
3 90 P S YCH OL OGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I O U S
We stw ard , w est w ard , H iaw at ha
S ail e d int o t he fi e ry su nse t ,

S ail e d int o t h e p u rp l e v ap o rs,

S ail e d int o t he d usk o f e v e ning .

T hus d e p art e d H iaw at h a ,

H iaw at ha t he B e l ov e d ,

I n t h e g l o ry o f t h e su nse t ,

I n t h e p u rp l e m ist s o f ev e ning ,
T o t h e re g io ns o f t h e ho m e w ind , -

O f t he N o rt hw e st W ind K ee w ay d in
-
, ,

T o t he I sl and s o f t he B l e sse d ,

To t he k ing d o m o f P o ne m ah ,

T o t he l an d of t he H e re aft e r !
T he sun , V ictor iou sly
r is ing t e ars its e lf aw ay from
a ,

t h e e m br a c e and cl a sp fro m t h e e nv e lop ing womb o f

,

t h e se a and sinkS ag ain into t h e m at e r n al se a into night

, , ,

t h e all e nv e lop ing an d t h e al l r e produ c ing l e av ing b e h in d

- -
,

it t h e h e ights o f m idd ay and al l it s glor iou s works Th is .

im ag e w as t h e first and w as p ro fou ndly e nt it l e d to b e

,
,

com e t h e symbol ic c arr ie r o f hu m an d e st iny ; in t h e mo rn

ing o f l if e m an p ain fully t e ars h imse l f loos e from t h e
moth e r from t he dom e st ic h e arth to r is e through b attl e
, ,

to h is h e ights N ot s e e ing h is worst e n e my in fro nt o f

.

him but b e ar ing him w ith in h im s e lf as a d e adly lo ng ing

,

fo r t he d e pths w ith in for drow ning in his o wn sou rc e

, ,

fo r b e co m in g ab sorb e d into t h e m oth e r his l if e is a c o n ,

st ant struggl e w ith d e ath a V iol e nt an d t r ans itory d e l iv e ry

,

fro m t h e alw ay s lurk ing nigh t Th is d e at h is no e xt e r nal

.

e n e m y but a d e e p p e rso n al lo ng ing fo r qu ie t and fo r t he

,

p ro fo u nd p e ac e o f no n e x ist e nc e fo r a dr e am l e ss sl e e p
-
,

in t h e e b b and flow o f t h e se a o f l if e E v e n in h is h igh e s t .

e nd e avo r fo r h armo ny and e qu il ibr ium fo r ph ilo soph ic ,

392 P S YCH OLOG Y OF TH E U N C O N S C I O U S

Th is analo gy c au s e s u s to c ast a gl an c e at t h e so ng o f
S ie gfr ie d e sp e c ially at t h e r e l at io n o f S ie g fr ie d and
,

B ru nh ild e I t is a w e ll r e cogniz e d f act th at B ru nh ild e

.
-
,

t h e V alkyr g iv e s p rot e ct io n to t h e b irth ( in c e stuous )

,

o f S ie gfr ie d but wh il e S ie gl ind e is t h e hum an moth e r

, ,

B ru nh ild e h as t h e rOl e o f sp ir itu al m oth e r ( m o t h e r

im ago ) how e v e r u nl ik e H e r a tow ards H e r cul e s sh e is
, ,

n o t a pu rsu e r but b e n e vol e nt

, Th is sin in wh ich sh e is .
,

an accompl ic e by m e ans o f t he h e lp sh e r e nd e rs is t h e
, ,

r e aso n fo r h e r b anishm e nt by Wot an T h e st r ang e b irth .

o f S ie gfr ie d from t h e s ist e r w if e d ist ingu ish e s h im as -

Horus as t h e re b o rn s o n a r e inc arn at io n o f t h e r e tr e at

, ,

—
ing O s ir is Wot an T h e b irth o f t h e you ng so n o f t he
.
,

h e ro r e sults ind e e d from m ank ind who how e v e r are

, , , , , ,

m e r e ly t h e hum an b e ar e rs o f t h e cos m ic symbol ism Thus .

t h e b irth is p rot e ct e d by t h e sp ir it moth e r ( H e r a L il ith ) ,

’
sh e s e nds S ie gl in d e w ith t h e ch ild in h e r womb ( M ary s

fl ight ) on t he night j our ne y o n t he se a to t he e ast

“

O nw ard , h ast e n ;
T u rn t o t he E ast .

0 w om an t ho u c he rish est
,

T he su b l im e st h e ro o f t h e w o rl d
”
In t hy sh el t e ring w o m b .

Th e mot iv e o f d is m e mb e rm e nt is found ag ain in t he

brok e n sword o f S ie gm u nd wh ich w as k e pt fo r S ie g ,

fr ie d. F rom t h e d is m e m b e r m e nt l if e is p ie c e d tog e th e r
a g ain T h M d wo d er ) Ju st as a sm ith forg e s
.
( e e e a n .

t h e p ie c e s tog e th e r so is t h e d is m e m b e r e d d e ad ag ain
,

put tog e th e r ( Th .is co m p a r iso n is also fou nd i n

 THE D U A L M O TH ER R O LE 39 3

T im aio s of P l ato :
p art s o f t h e wo rld j o ine d
the

tog e th e r w ith p e gs ) I n t h e R igv e d a 1 0 7 2 t he cr e ato r

.
, , ,

o f t h e wo rld B r ah m an asp ati is a s m ith

, , .

B rahm anaspat i , as a b l ac ksm it h ,

Wel d e d t he w o rl d t o ge t h e r .
”

T he swo rd h as t h e S ignifi c anc e o f t he ph all ic sun pow e r

th e r e fo r e a sword p ro c e e ds from t h e mouth o f t h e
,

apoc alypt ic Chr ist ; th at is to say t h e p ro cr e at iv e fire t h e , ,

wo rd o r t h e p ro cr e at iv e L ogo s I n R igv e d a B r ahm ana

,
.
,

sp at i is also a p r ay e r wo rd wh ich po ss e ss e d an anc ie nt

-
,

cr e at iv e s ign ifi c anc e

And t h is p raye r o f t he singe rs, e xp and ing fro m it se l f ,

B ec am e a c ow ,
d y t he re b e fo re t he
w h ic h w as al re a w o rl d ,
D w el l ing t o ge t he r in t he w o m b o f t h is go d ,

Fost e r chil d ren o f t he sam e k eepe r are t he go d s

-
.

-
Rig v eda x : 31 .

T h e L ogo s b e c am e a cow ; th at is to say t he moth e r , ,

w h o is pr e gnant w ith t h e gods ( I n Chr ist ian u n cano

. ni
c al ph ant as ie s wh e r e t h e Holy G host h as f e m inin e sig
,

nific ance w e h av e t h e w e ll know n mot iv e o f t h e two

,
-

moth e rs t h e e arthly moth e r M ary and t he sp ir itu al

, , ,

moth e r t he Holy G ho st ) T h e tr an s form at io n o f t h e

,
.

L ogos into t he moth e r is not r e m ark abl e in its e lf b e c au s e ,

t h e or ig in o f t h e ph e n o m e n o n fire sp e e ch s e e m s to b e t h e -

moth e r l ib ido acco rd ing to t he d is cu ss io n in t he e arl ie r

-

ch apt e r T h e spirit ual is t h e m o t h e r—

. l ib id o Th e sig .

nific anc e o f t h e swo rd in t h e S an skr it co n c e pt io n t e j as

, , ,

is p rob ably p artly d e t e r m ine d by it s sh arp ne ss as is ,

show n abov e in it s co nne ct io n w ith t h e l ib ido conc e pt ion

, .
3 94 P S YCH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I O U S
T he mot iv e o f pursu it ( t h e pu rsu ing S ie gl ind e anal Ogo us ,

to L e to ) is no t h e r e b ou nd up w ith t h e sp ir itu al m oth e r ,

but w ith Wot an th e r e for e corr e sp o nd ing t o t h e L inos

,

l e g e nd wh e r e t h e fath e r o f t h e w ife is also t h e pu rsu e r

, .

Wot an is also t h e f ath e r o f B ru nh ild e B ru nh ild e st ands .

in a p e cul iar r e l at io n to Wot an B ru nh ild e s ays to

.

Wot an

Thou spe ak est t o t h e w il l o f Wo t an

B y t el l ing m e w hat t ho u w ishest
W ho am I

We re I not t hy w ill ?

W o t an
I t ak e c ounse l o nl y w it h m yse l f ,

Whe n I sp e ak w it h t hee

B ru nh ild e is lso som e wh at t h e ang e l o f t h e f ac e

a ,

th at cr e at iv e w ill o r word e m anat ing from G od also

,
61
,

t h e L ogos wh ich b e c am e t h e ch ild b e ar ing wom an

,
-
God .

cr e at e d t h e wo rld through his wo rd ; t h at is to say hi s ,

moth e r t h e wo m an who is to br in g h im fo rth ag ain

, .

( H e l ays h is o w n e gg ) Th. is p e cul ia r co n c e pt io n it ,

s e e ms t o m e c an b e e xpl aine d by a s su m ing th at t h e l ib ido

,

ov e rfl ow ing into sp e e ch ( t hought ) h as p r e s e rv e d it s

s e xu al ch ar act e r to an e xtr ao rd in ary d e gr e e as a r e sult
o f t h e inh e r e nt in e r t ia .I n th is w ay t h e word h ad to
e x e cut e an d fulfil all t h at w as d e nie d to t h e s e xu al w ish ;

n am e ly , t he r e tur n into t h e m oth e r in o rd e r to att ain

,

e t e r n al dur at io n .T he wo rd fulfils th is w ish by it s e l f

b e co m ing t h e d aught e r t h e w if e t h e m o t h e r o f th e G od
, , ,

who br ings h im forth ane w .

39 6 P S YCH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
M e anwh il e B ru nh ild e sl e e p s t he ch ant e d sl e e p l ik e a en ,

H ie ro sg am o s up o n a m ou nt ain wh e r e Wot an h as put h e r

, ,

to sl e e p w ith t h e m ag ic thor n ( E dd a ) su rrou nd e d by

65
,

t h e fl am e s o f Wot an s fi re ( e qu al t o l ib ido
’
wh ich
w ards o ff e v e ry o ne B ut M im e b e com e s S ie gfr ie d s
.
’

e ne m y and w ills h is d e ath through F a f ne r H e r e M im e s ’

.

dynam ic natu r e is r e v e al e d ; h e is a m ascul ine r e p r e s e nt a

t io n o f t h e t e rr ibl e m oth e r also a fo st e r moth e r o f d e
,
-

mo niac n atu r e who pl ac e s t he po iso nous worm ( Typho n )

,

in h e r so n s ( Horu s s ) p ath S ie gfr ie d s lo ng ing for t h e

’ ’ ’
.

moth e r dr iv e s him aw ay fro m M im e and his tr av e ls b e gin ,

w ith t he moth e r o f d e ath and l e ad through v anqu ish ing

,

”
t he t e rr ibl e moth e r to t he wom an 67

S i eg fr ie d
O ff w it h t he im p !
I w ou l d h im m o re !
’
ne e r se e

M igh t I b ut k no w w h at m y m o t h e r w as ike l
T h at w ill m y t ho u gh t n ev e r t e ll me !
H er y es t e nd e r l igh t
e
’

S u re l y did Sh ine
L ik e t he so ft e y e s o f t he doe !

S ie gfr ie d d e c id e s to s e p ar at e from d e mon wh ich t he

w as t h e moth e r i n t h e p ast and h e grop e s forw ard w ith

,

t h e lo ng ing d ir e ct e d tow ards t h e moth e r N atu r e ac .

qu ir e s a h idd e n m at e r nal s ignific anc e fo r him do e

in t h e to ne s o f n atur e h e d iscov e rs a sugg e st ion o f t h e
m at e rn al vo ic e and t h e m at e r nal l angu ag e :

S ie g frie d :
T ho u g rac io u s b ird ling ,

S t range art t hou t o me !

 TH E D U A L M O T H ER ROLE 39 7

D ost t hou in t he w o o d he re d w el l ?

Ah w o u l d t h at I
, co u ld k t a e t hy m e aning !
T hy
P e rc hance —
so ng so m e t h ing

of
w o u l d say
m y l o v ing m o t h e r !

Th is psycholo gy w e h av e alr e ady e n c ou nt e r e d in H ia

w ath a B y m e ans o f h is d ialo gu e w ith t he b ird ( b ird
.
,

l ik e w ind and arrow r e pr e s e nts t he w ish t he w ing e d

, ,

lo ng ing ) S ie gfr ie d e nt ic e s F a f ne r from t h e c av e H is .

d e s ir e s tu rn b ack to t he m oth e r and t h e chtho nic d e mon , ,

t h e c av e dw e ll ing t e rro r o f t h e woods app e ar s

-
F a fn e r ,
.

is t h e p rot e cto r o f t he tr e a sur e ; in h is c av e l ie s t h e ho ard ,

t h e sou rc e o f l if e and pow e r T h e moth e r p o ss e ss e s t h e

.

l ib ido o f t he so n and j e alou sly do e s S h e gu ard it Tr ans

, .

l at e d into p sycholog ic al l angu ag e th is m e ans t he pos it iv e ,

tr an s f e r e nc e su cc e e ds o nly through t h e r e l e as e o f t he
l ib ido fro m t h e m oth e r im ago t he in c e stuou s obj e ct in
-
,

g e ne r al O nly in th is m anne r is it p oss ibl e to g ain o ne s

.
’

l ib id o t h e inco m p ar abl e tr e asur e and th is r e qu ir e s a

, ,

m ighty struggl e t h e whol e b attl e o f ad apt at io n

, T he .
68

S ie gfr ie d l e g e nd h as abu nd antly d e scr ib e d t h e outcom e o f

th is b attl e w ith F a fne r Accord ing to t h e E dd a S ie g
.
,

’
fr ie d e ats F afne r s h e art t h e s e at o f l if e H e w ins t h e
, .

m ag ic c ap t hrough whos e p ow e r Alb e r ich h ad ch ang e d

,

h im s e l f into a s e rp e nt Th is r e f e rs to t he mot iv e o f c ast

.

ing t h e sk in r e j uv e nat io n
, B y m e an s o f t he m agic c ap
.

o n e c an v an ish and assu m e d if fe r e nt sh ap e s T h e v an .

ish ing p rob ably r e f e rs to dy in g and to t h e inv is ibl e pr e s

e nc e ; th at is e x ist e n c e in t h e m oth e r s wo m b
, A l u ck ’
.

br ing ing c ap am niot ic cov e r ing t h e n e w bor n ch ild o c

, ,
-

c asio n ally w e ars ov e r h is h e ad ( t h e c aul ) M or e ov e r .

,
398 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E U N C ON S C I OUS
S ie g fr ie d dr inks t h e dr ago n s blood wh ich m ak e s it po s ’
,

s ibl e fo r him t o u nd e rs t an d t h e l angu ag e o f b ird s and ,

co nse qu e nt ly h e e nt e rs int o a p e cul iar r e l at io n w it h N a

tu r e a do m in at ing p o sit io n t h e r e sult o f h is kno wl e dg e
, , ,

an d fi n ally w in s t h e tr e asur e .

H o r t is a m e d iaev al and O ld H igh G e r m an wo rd w ith

t h e m e aning o f coll e ct e d and gu ard e d t r e asu r e
G oth ic huz d ; O ld S c and inav ian h o d d ; G e r m anic ko z d a
, , ,

-
h —
fro m p re G e r m anic kuz d o fo r kud t h o t h e co n

c e al e d K lug e adds to t h is t h e G r e e k
69
.

Su v fi o u to h id e to co n c e al Also h ut ( h ut t o
'

, .
,

gu ard ; E ngl ish h id e ) G e r m an ic root h ud from I ndo

, , ,

G e rm an ic kut h ( qu e s t io n abl e ) to G r e e k u e é fico and ,

u é a fio g c av ity f e m inine g e nit als P r e llw itz to o 70

, , .
, ,

tr ac e s G oth ic h uz d A nglo S ax o n hyd e E ngl ish h id e and

,
-

h o ard to G r e e k u e é fico
, Wh itl e y S t o k e s tr ac e s E n gl ish
.

h id e A nglo S axo n hyd an N e w H igh G e r m an H ut t e

,
-
, ,

L at in c ud o h e l m e t ; S an skr it kuh ara ( c av e ? ) to pr im i

:

t iv e C e lt ic ko ud o co n c e al m e nt ; L at in o c c ul t a t io , .

T h e as su m pt io n o f K lug e is also supp o rt e d in o t h e r

d ir e c t io ns ; n am e ly from t h e po int o f V ie w o f t h e p r im i
,

t iv e id e a °

T he re A t he ns a sac re d pl ac e ( a T em e no s) o f G e
e x ist s in 71
,

w it h t h e su rn am e O l y m p ia H e re t he g ro u nd is t o rn o pe n fo r
.

ab o u t a y ard in w id t h ; an d t h e y say aft e r t h e fl oo d at t h e t im e ,

o f D e u c al io n t h at t h e w at e r re c e d e d h e re ; an d e v e ry y e ar t h e y
,

t h row in t o t h e fi ssu re w h e at m e al k n e ad e d w it h h o ney ,

.

W e h av e ob s e rv e d pr e v iou sly th at am o n g t he Arrh e

p astry in t h e
t o ph o rian , fo r m o f sn a k e s and ph all i w as ,

throw n into a cr e v ic e in t he e a t r h . Th is w as m e nt io ne d
400 P S YCH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I O US
and m aid e n : t he l ib ido ov e rcom e by r e s ist anc e l if e re ,

pl ac e d by d e ath ) Th e r e w e r e cr e v ic e s in t he rocks
.
,

through wh ich souls could as c e n d to t h e upp e r world B e .

h ind t he t e mpl e o f Ch t h o nia in H e rm io ne l ay a s acr e d

d istr ict o f P luto w ith a r av ine through wh ich H e rcul e s
,

h ad brought up C e rb e rus ; in add it io n th e r e w as an ,

Ach e ru sian l ak e Th is r av ine w as th e r e for e t he

.
72
, ,

e ntr an c e to t h e pl ac e wh e r e d e ath w as co n qu e r e d The .

l ak e also b e lo ngs h e r e as a furth e r mo t h e r symbol for ,

symbols app e ar m ass e d tog e th e r as th e y are surrog at e s , ,

an d th e r e for e do not afford t h e s am e s at is f act ion o f d e

, ,

s ir e as accord e d by r e al ity so th at t he u ns at is fi e d re m,

n ant o f t h e l ib ido must s e e k st ill furth e r symbol ic outl e ts .

T h e r av ine in t h e Ar e op agu s in Ath e ns w as co ns id e r e d

t h e s e at o f inh ab it ants o f t h e low e r wo rld An old .

G r e c ian cu stom sugg e sts a s im il ar id e a G irls w e r e .

s e nt into a c av e rn wh e r e a po isonou s s nak e dw e lt as a

, ,

t e st o f v irg inity I f th e y w e r e b itt e n by t he s nak e it was

.
,

a tok e n th at th e y w e r e n o lo ng e r ch ast e W e find th is .

s am e mot iv e ag ain in t he R om an l e g e nd o f S t S ilv e st e r .

,

at t h e e nd o f t h e fi fth c e ntury :

E rat d raco imm anissim us in m o nt e T arpe io in quo e st C ap i

,

t o l ium c oll o c at u m . Ad h u nc drac o nem p e r CCC LX V g rad u s ,

quasi ad infe rnum , m ag i c u m Virg inib u s sac ril e g is de sc e ndeb ant

se m e l in m e nse c um sac rifi c iis et l ust ris, ex qu ib u s e sc a p o t e rat
t ant o drac o n i infe rri . H ie d rac o su b it o ex im p rov iso asc e nde b at

et l ic e t no n ing re de re t u r v ic inos t am e n ac re s fl at u su o v it ia at b .

E x q uo m o rt al it as ho m inu m et m ax im a l u c t u s de m o rt e v e nie b at

infant u m ( L i.l it h m o t iv e ) . S anc t u s it aqu e S il v est e r c u m h ab e re t

c um p ag anis p ro d e fensio ne v e rit at is c o nfl ic t u m , ad ho c v e n it ut

d ic e re nt ci p ag ani : S ilv e st e r d e sc end e ad drac o ne m et fac c um

 TH E D U A L M O TH ER ROLE 40 1

in no m ine De i t u i v e l uno anno ab int e rfe c t io ne ge ne ris hum ani

”
c essare .

. dr e am and adv is e d
S t P e t e r app e ar e d to S ilv e st e r in a

h im to clos e h is doo r to t h e u nd e rworld w ith ch ains ac ,

cord ing to t h e m od e l in R e v e l at io n ch ap xx : , .

( ) 1 And I saw an ange l c o m e d ow n fro m h e av e n , h av ing t he

key of t he b o t t om l ess p it , and a g re at c h ain in h is h and .

And he l aid ho l d o n t he d rago n , t h at o l d se rp e nt , w h ich

is t he D ev il and S at an , an d b o und him a t housand y e ars .

3) And int o t he b o t t om l e ss p it and shu t h im

“
c ast h im , up ,
”
and se t a se al up o n h im .

The o nymou s autho r o f a wr it ing De P rom iss ion i

an ,

”
bus o f t he b e g inning o f t h e fi fth c e ntury m e nt ions a
,
75
,

v e ry s im il ar l e g e nd

A pu d u rb e m Ro m am sp e us c quid am fu it in q uo d raco m ira:

m ag nit u dinis m ec h anic a art e fo rm at us, g l adium o re g est ans,
o c u l is rut il ant ib u s i m e t u endus t e rrib il is app are b at
77
g e mm s ac .

H ine annu m d ev o t ee v irg ine s fl o rib us e x o rnat aa, eo m o d o in sac

fi i
ri c o dab ant u r, quat e nus insc ias m u ne ra d e fe re nt e s g ra udm
sc al a
e, q uo c e rt e ill e art e d iab o l i d rac o p e ndeb at , c o n t ing e nt e s im
p e t us v en ie nt is gl ad ii p e rim e re t u t , sangu inem funde re t inno
c e nt e m . Et hu nc qu id am m o nac hus, b e ne o b m e rit um c o g nit us

S t il ic o ni t u nc p at ric io , e o m o d o su b v e rt it ; b ac ul o m anu , , singul o s

g ra us d p al p ando s inS p ic ie ns, st at im ut ill um t ange ns frau d e m

* Th e re w as a h ug e d r ag o n o n M o unt T arp e iu s, w h e re the C ap i t o l i um

st an d s . O nc e c i l g i u m ai d n t h p i t d c nd d
a m o nt h , w t h i sa r e o s e s, e r es s es e e

3 6 5 t p s i nt t h h l l f t h i d ag n c
s e o y i ng p i at y ff i ng f f d
e e o s r o ,
a rr ex or o er s o oo

f or t h e d ag n Th e n t h d g n u d d n ly and une p e c t d ly a
r o . e ra o s e x e ro se ,

a nd th ugh h
,
d i d n t c m ut h p i n d t h ai w i t h h i b at h
o e o o e o , e o so e e r s re .

T h nc e c am t h m t al i t y f m an and t h e d p t
e e e or w f t h e d e at h o ee es so rro or

o f t h ch i l d n e W h n f t h d f nc f t ut h S t S i l t h d h d a
re . e , or e e e e o r ,
. v es er a a

c n fl i c t w i t h t h h at h n it c am t t h i t h at t h h at h n ai d : S i l t
o e e e , e o s e e e s v e s e r,

g d w n t th d
o o g n and in t h e n am e f t hy G d m ak e h im d e i st f o m
o e ra o , o o s r

t h e k i l l i ng f m ank i n d ”
o .
40 2 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
diab o l ic am repp e rit , eo t ransg re sso d e sc e nd e ns drac o nem , sc idit ,

m isit q u e in p art e s : o st e n de ns et h ic d eo s no n e sse q ui m anu

” 9“
finnt .

T h e h e r o b a t t ling w it h t h e d rag o n h as m uc h in c o mm o n
w it h t h e d rag o n, lso h e t ak e s ov e r h is qu al it ie s ; fo r
an d a

e x am pl e invul n e r ab il it y , As t h e fo o t not e s S h o w t h e s im i .
,

l arit y is c arr ie d s t ill fur t h e r ( sp a rkl in g e y e s sword in his ,

mouth ) Tr an sl at e d p sychol o g ic ally t h e dr ago n is

.
,

m e r e ly t h e s o n s r e pr e ss e d lo n g ing str iv ing tow ards t h e

’

m oth e r ; th e r e fo r e t h e so n is t h e dr ago n as e v e n , ,

Chr ist is id e nt ifi e d w ith t h e se rp e nt wh ich o nc e upo n a , ,

t im e s im il ia s im il ibu s h ad co ntroll e d t he s nak e pl agu e

, ,

in t h e W ild e r n e ss Joh n iii : 1 4 As a se rpe nt h e is . .

t o b e cruc ifi e d ; t h a t is t o s ay as o ne s t riv ing b ac kw ards ,

t o w ards t h e m o t h e r, h e m us t d ie h ang ing o r s us p en de d

on the m o th e r
Chr ist and t h e dr ago n o f A nt i
t re e . t he

chr ist are in t he clos e st co nt act in t h e h istory o f th e ir

app e ar an c e an d th e ir cosm ic m e aning ( Co m p a r e B ou s .

se t t h e A nt ichr ist )
, T h e l e g e nd o f t h e dr ag o n co nc e al e d .

c i ty c t ai n c a n in w h i ch app e a d
R o me
’

* N e ar t h e of t h e r e w as a er v er re

a d gra n f om a k a
obl i rem c h n i c l
r ly p d u c d b
e s ze, a n d i h i ng w d e a a ro e ,
r s a s or

in h i m ut h h i s o y g l i t t i ng l i k g m f a f u l an d t i bl H i t h
,
s e es er e e s, e r e rr e . er

c am i g i n e v r y y s d t d t thi
ev er i c ad n d w i th fl w
e a r, e vo e o s s e rv e, or e o e rs,

wh w o g i n
e re t h im i n veac i fic Bo i ng i n g t h e g i f t t
s h y u n k
r n w e . r se s, e o

ing ly d c n d d t h es e t p t a p i nt w h
e e w i t h d i ab l i c l c u nn i ng t h
s e s o o e re , o a ,
e

d g n w a u p nd d t i k i ng t h
ra o s s s e w h c am a bl w w i t h t h
e ,
s r w d o se o e o e s or ,

so t h at t h i nn c nt bl d w a h d N w t h w a a c t ai n m nk
e o e oo s s e . o ,
e re s er o

wh o,n acc u nt
o f hi g o d d d w a w l l k n w n t S t il i t h p at i
o s oo ee s, s e o o co, e r

i n ; h k i ll d t h i d ag n a f l l w H
e a e e s rm i n d ac h
o p
s at t p
o o s: e ex a e e se ar e s e

c f u l ly b t h w i t h a d and h i w n h nd unt i l d i c e i ng t h f al
are ,
o ro s o a , ,
s ov r e se

t p
s e h
, p e d t h d i b l i c l f u d T h n j um p i n g
ex o se e a o a t hi t p ra . e ,
ov er s s e ,

h e w nt d w n e nd k i l l d t h
o d g n c ut t i ng h im t p i c d m n
a e e ra o ,
o e e s, e o

t
s ra t in g t h at n wh c u l d b e d t y d by h um an h and c u l d n t b e a
o e o o e s ro e o o

d i i n i ty
v .
49 4 P SY CH OLOG Y O F THE U N C ON S C I O U S
l e g e nd s m ight ind e e d r e l at e to h e r cult H e c at e is a .
7"

r e al sp e ctr al godd e ss o f nigh t an d p h anto m s a M ar ; sh e ,

is r e pr e s e nt e d as r id ing and in H e sio d o ccu rs as t h e ,

p a t r o n o f r id e rs S h e s e n ds t h e horr.ibl e n octu r n al fe a r
ph antom t h e E m pus a o f wh o m Ar ist o ph ane s s ay s th at
, ,

sh e app e ars in clo s e d in a b l ad d e r s w o l l e n w it h b l o o d .

Accord ing to L ib anius t he m oth e r o f Aisch ine s is also ,

'

c all e d E m pu s a for t he r e aso n th at in e x c r e t a 155V 1 0 a

,
/

1
'

o n a zo iu n a i va i s y v u a zg iu o ip y ciiz o ‘

E m pu s a l ik e H e c at e h as pe c ul iar f e e t ;
, ,
foot is o ne

m ad e o f br ass t h e o t h e r o f ass du ng H e c at e h as s nak e

,
’
.

l ik e f e e t wh ich as in t h e t r ipl e fo r m ascr ib e d to H e c at e

, ,
.

po ints to h e r ph all ic l ib ido natur e I n Tr all e s H e c at e .

80
,

app e ars n e xt to P r iapu s ; th e r e is also a H e c at e Ap h ro

disias H e r sy m bols are t he ke y

. t h e wh ip t h e s nak e ,
81
,
82
,

t h e d agg e r and t h e torch

84
AS moth e r o f d e ath dogs .
85
,

a ccomp any h e r t h e s ig nific an c e o f wh ich w e h av e p re

,

v io usl y d iscu ss e d at l e ngth As gu ard ian o f t h e doo r o f

.

H ad e s and as G odd e s s o f dogs she is o f t hr e e fold form , ,

and r e ally id e nt ifi e d w ith C e rb e rus Thu s H e rcul e s in .

,

b r ing ing up C e rb e ru s br ings t h e c o nqu e r e d moth e r o f

,

d e ath into t he upp e r wo rld As sp ir it m oth e r .

sh e s e nds m ad n e ss lu nacy ( Th is m yth ic al ob s e rv at io n

,
.

st at e s th at t h e m oth e r s e nds m ad ne ss ; by far t he m a

j o rit y o f t h e c a s e s o f in s an ity co n s ist in fa ct in t h e d omi , ,

n at io n o f t h e ind iv idu al by t h e m at e r ial o f t h e inc e s t

ph ant asy ) I n t h e m y st e r ie s o f C e rb e rus a ro d

. , ,

c all e d Ae v n d mv h h o § 1 w as br o k e n o ff Th is rod p rot e ct e d

, .

O ut of d a k p l ac
r e s sh e ru sh e s o n chi l d re n and w o me n .

l
“ "

Whit l
e - e av e d .
 T H E D U A L M O TH ER ROLE 40 5

t he pu r ity o f V irg ins and c aus e d any o ne who touch e d

,

t h e pl ant to b e co m e ins ane W e r e cogniz e in th is t h e.

mot iv e o f t he s acr e d tr e e wh ich as moth e r m ust no t , , ,

b e touch e d an ac t wh ich o nly an ins ane p e rson would

,

comm it H e c at e as n ightm ar e app e ars in t he fo rm o f

.
, ,

E m pus a in a v am p ir e rOl e o r as L am ia as d e vour e r o f

, , ,

m e n ; p e rh aps also in th at mor e b e aut iful gu is e

, T he ,

B r id e o f Cor inth S h e is t he moth e r o f al l ch arms and

.

w itch e s t he p atro n o f M e d e a b e c aus e t h e p ow e r o f t h e

, ,

t e rr ibl e m oth e r is m ag ic al and irr e s ist ibl e ( wo rk ing

upw ard from t h e u nco nsc iou s ) I n G r e e k syncr e t is m .
,

sh e pl ay s a v e ry s ig n ific ant rOl e S he is co n fu s e d w ith .

Art e m is who also h as t he su r nam e 5n d r n

,
*
t he o ne ,
“

str ik ing at a d ist anc e o r str ik ing acco rd ing t o h e r

”
w ill in wh ich w e r e cogn iz e ag ain h e r sup e r io r pow e r
,
.

Art e m is is t he huntr e ss w ith hou nds and so H e c at e , , ,

through co n fu s io n w ith h e r b e com e s n o r m sn u g t he ,

/
,

w ild n o ctu r n al hu ntr e s s ( G od as hu ntsm an se e abov e )

.
, , .

Sh e h as h e r n am e in co mm o n w ith Apollo su d r o s ,

s u cfsp h i h
'

y o sq F romL
t e st an dp o n t o f t e l ib ido th e ory ,

t his co nne ct ion is e as ily u nd e rst and abl e b e c aus e Apollo ,

m e r e ly sym bol iz e s t h e mo r e po s it iv e s id e o f t he s am e
am ou n t o f l ib ido T h e co n fu s io n o f H e c at e w ith B r im o
.

as subt e rr ane an moth e r is u nd e rst and abl e ; also w ith

P e rs e pho ne and R h e a t he p r im it iv e al l moth e r I nt e l
,
-
.

l ig ibl e through t h e m at e r nal s ignifi c anc e is t h e co n fu s io n

w ith I l ithy ia t he m idw if e H e c at e is also t h e d ir e ct
,
.

godd e ss o f b irths W W W /3 690 0 5 }; t h e m ult ipl ie r o f c at

, 3

”
F ar sh oot
-
i ng H c e at e . i F ar
“
-
i
sh o o t ng , the far -
d a t i ng
r .

i G o dd e ss of bi rt h .
40 6 P S YCH OLOG Y OF TH E UN C O N S C I O U S
tle , an d god de s s o f m arr iag e H e c at e orph ic ally o c .
, ,

cup ie s t h e c e ntr e o f t h e world as Aphrod it e and G aia

‘
,

e v e n as t h e world soul in g e ne r al O n a c arv e d g e m .

sh e is r e pr e s e nt e d c arry ing t h e cros s o n h e r h e ad T he .

b e am o n wh ich t he cr im inal w as scourg e d is c all e d

s h air To h e r as to th e R om an Tr iv ia t h e tr ipl e ro ads
'

n .
, , ,

or S c he id e w e g fork e d ro ad o r cro ssw ays w e r e d e d i

, ,

c at e d And wh e r e ro ads br anch o ff o r u nit e s acr ific e s o f

.

dogs w e r e b rought h e r ; th e r e t he bod ie s o f t h e e x e cu t e d

w e r e thrown ; t h e s acr ifi c e occurs at t h e p o int of c r ossing .

Etym olog ic ally sc h e id e ,

sh e ath fo r e x am pl e sword
, ,

,
—
sh e ath sh e ath for w at e r sh e d and S h e ath for v ag ina is ,

”
id e n t ic al w ith s c h e id e n to spl it or t o s e p ar at e
,
The ,
.

m e aning o f a s acr ific e at th is pl ac e w o uld th e r e for e b e , ,

as follow s: to o f fe r so m e th in g t o t h e moth e r at t h e pl ac e
o f j u nct io n o r at t h e fi ssu r e ( Co m p ar e t h e s acr ific e to .

t h e chtho nic g o ds in t h e abys s ) T h e T e m e nos o f G e t he .

,

abys s an d t h e w e ll are e asily u n d e r st o od as t h e g at e s o f

,

l ife and d e ath p as t wh ich e v e ry o ne gl adly cr e e p s

,
87

( F a ust ) a n d s a cr ific
, e s th e r e h is obolu s o r h is

in st e ad o f his body just a s H e rcul e s sooth e s C e rb e ru s

‘

w ith t h e ho ne y c ak e s ( Co m p ar e w ith th is t h e m yth ic al

.

s ignific an c e o f t h e d o g ! ) Thu s t h e cr e v ic e at D e lph i ,

w it h t h e spr ing C ast al ia w as t h e s e at o f t he chth o n ic

, ,

dr ag o n Py t h o n who w as c o nqu e r e d by t h e sun h e r o

, ,
-
,

Ap ollo ( Py t ho n in c it e d by H e r a pu rsu e d L e t a pr e g
.
, , ,

n ant w ith Apoll o ; b ut sh e o n t h e fl o at in g isl and o f D e los ,

[ n o ctur n al j our n e y o n t h e s e a ] g av e b ir t h t o h e r ch ild , ,

who l at e r sl e w t he Pytho n ; t h at is t o say c o nqu e r e d in ,

*
H c at
e e .
{ S ac rifi c ia l c ak es o ff e re d to th e go d s.
40 8 P SY CH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
t he l at e r p e r io d t h e s acr e d s e rp e nt s w e r e sc arc e ly V isib l e
,

m e anin g t h at t h e y prob ably e x is t e d o nly figu r at iv e ly .

N o th ing w as l e ft b u t t h e hol e in wh ich t h e snak e w as

s aid t o dw e ll Th e r e t h e n eAa o z w e r e pl ac e d ; l at e r ’
‘ *
. v

t h e obolu s w as throw n in Th e s acr e d c av e r n in t h e

.

t e m pl e o f K o s co n s ist e d o f a r e ct angul ar p it upo n wh ich ,

w a s l aid a sto ne l id w it h a squ a r e h o l e ; t h is arr ang e m e nt

,

s e rv e s t h e pu rp o s e o f a tr e asu r e hou s e T h e s n ak e hol e .

h ad b e co m e a sl it fo r m o ne y a s a cr ific ial b ox and t h e , ,

c av e h ad b e co m e a tr e asu r e Th at th is d e v e l o p m e nt .
,

wh ich H e rzog tr ac e s agr e e s e xc e ll e ntly w ith t h e actu al,

co n d it io n is shown by a d iscov e ry i n t h e t e mpl e o f As el e

p iu s and Hyg ie ia in P tol e m ais

An e nco i e l d g ranit e snak e , w it h arc he d ne c k w as fo und In , .

t he m idd l e o f t h e c o il is se e n a n arro w sl it p o l ish e d b y u sage , ,

j ust l arg e e no u g h t o al l o w a c o in o f fo u r c e nt im e t e rs d iam e t e r at

m o st t o fal l t h ro u gh At t h e S id e ho l e s fo r h and l e s l ift t he

—H
. are to
”
he av y p ie c e s, t h e un d e r h al f o f w h ich is u se d as a c ov e r . e r z og ,

I b id p 2 1 2
.
, . .

T he s e rp e nt as p rot e ctor o f t he ho ard no w l ie s o n t h e

, ,

tr e asu r e hou s e T h e fe ar o f t h e m at e r nal womb o f

.

d e at h h as b e com e t h e gu ard ian o f t he tr e asu r e o f l ife .

Th at t h e s nak e in th is co nne ct io n is r e ally a sym bol o f

d e ath th at is to say o f t he d e ad l ib id o r e sults fro m t h e
, , ,

f act th at t he souls o f t h e d e ad l ik e t h e chtho nic god s ap , ,

p e ar as s e rpe nt s as dw e ll e rs in t h e k in gd o m o f t h e moth e r
,

o f d e ath Th is d e v e lop m e nt o f sy m bol allows u s to re c

.
95

o g niz e e as ily t h e t r an s it io n o f t h e o r ig in ally v e ry p r im i

t iv e s ignific an c e o f t he cr e v ic e in t h e e ar t h as m oth e r to t h e
*
R i t ual sa rc i fi c i al f d
oo of
fe re d to th e g o d s
.
 THE D U A L M O TH ER R OLE 40 9

m e aning o f tr e asu r e hous e and c an th e r e fo r e support t he , , ,

e tym o logy o f H o r t ho ard tr e asu r e as sugge st e d by

, , ,

K lug e u n ifi es b e lo ng in g to n e fi fi o s m e an s t h e inne r m ost

’

.
, ,

wo m b o f t h e e arth ( H ad e s ) u t io bl o s th at K lug e adds , ,

is o f s im il a r m e aning c av ity o r womb P r e llw itz do e s

,
.

no t m e nt io n t h is co nne ct io n F ick how e v e r comp ar e s 96

.
, ,

N e w H igh G e r m an h o r t G o th ic h uz d t o Ar m e nian kus t , , ,

abdo m e n Church S l avo nian c i s t a V e d ic ko s t ka ,

abdo m e n from t h e I ndo G e r m anic root ko us t h o s

,
- -

v isc e r a low e r abdom e n room sto r e room P r e llw itz

, , ,
-
.

'

co m p ar e s u v o fio s m ic r i g u r inary bl ad d e r b ag pu rs e ;
‘ -

, ,

S anskr it kus t h a s c av ity o f t h e lo in s ; th e n

- z m it e s

c av ity v ault ; min ; = l ittl e ch e st fro m a v é m = I am

, ,

p r e gnant H e r e from u t ir o s — c av e m ia p
.
, hol e ,
:
,

u é a fio s cup z m ill et d e p r e ss ion u nd e r t h e e ye

,
:
,

u v j ua sw e ll ing w av e b illow u v p o s pow e r fo rc e , , , , ,

m ip zo s
’

lord O ld I r anian c aur c ur = h e ro ; S anskr it

:
, ,

c u r a -
s stro ng h e ro T h e fu nd am e nt al I ndo G e r m anic
2
, .
-

roots are ke v o
”9
to sw e ll to b e stro n g F ro m th at
z
, .

t he abov e m e nt io ne d m id /o
’
-
a ue w u v p o s an d L at in , ,
’

c av ut o ll o w v ault e d c av ity hol e ; c av e d

, c av ity
, ,
:

e n clo sur e c ag e sc e ne and ass e mbly ; c aula

, , c av it y z
,

op e ning e nclo sur e st all ; kuéy6 = swe ll ; p art ic ipl e

, ,
98
,

kue yo nt s sw e ll ing ; e n kueyo nt s p r e gn ant s u v é mr

y
-
.
’

L at in inc ie ns p gr e n a n t ; co m p a r ez
S a n skr it v i gv d -

y a n = sw e l lin g ; k ti r o s ( k e v a r o s) stro n g pow

-
e r ful -
,
,

h e ro .

T he tr e asu r e wh ich t h e h e ro f e tch e s from t h e d ark

c av e rn is sw e ll ing l ife ; it is h im s e l f t h e h e ro ne w , ,

bor n fro m t h e anx ie ty o f p r e gnan cy and t he b irth thro e s .

4 1 9 P SY CH OLOG Y O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
Thu s t he H indoo fi re br ing e r is c all e d M at aricv an m e an
-
,

ing t he o n e sw e ll ing in t h e m oth e r T h e h e r o s t riv ing

.

t o w ar d s t h e m o t h e r is t h e drag o n, a nd whe n h e se
par a t es

fr o m t he m o t he r he b e c o me s f
t he c o nque r o r o t he

d r ag o n . Th is tr ain o f thought wh ich w e h av e alr e ady

99
,

h int e d at pr e v iou sly in Chr ist and A nt ichr ist m ay b e ,

tr ac e d e v e n into t h e d e t ails o f Chr ist ian p h ant asy Th e r e .

is a s e r ie s o f m e d iae v al p ictu r e s in w h ich t h e com

m u nio n c up co nt ain s a dr ago n a s nak e o r som e sort o f
,

s m all anim al .

T h e cup is t h e r e c e pt acl e t h e m at e r nal womb o f t h e

, ,

go d r e surr e ct e d in t h e w ine ; t h e cup is t h e c av e r n wh e r e

t h e s e rp e nt dw e lls t h e god who sh e ds h is S k in in t h e
, ,

st at e o f m e t am orpho s is ; fo r Chr ist is also t h e s e rp e nt .

Th e s e sym bol is m s are u s e d in an ob scur e co nne ct io n in

I Co r inth ian s v e r se 1 0 : P aul wr it e s o f t h e J e ws who
,

w e r e all b apt iz e d u nto M os e s i n t h e clou d and in t h e

se a ( also r e bor n ) an d d id a ll dr ink t h e s am e sp ir itu al
dr ink ; fo r th e y dr ank o f th at sp ir itu al rock th at follow e d
th e m and th at ro ck w as Ch r ist
, Th e y dr ank fro m t h e
.

moth e r ( t he g e ne r at iv e rock b irth fro m t h e ro ck ) t h e

,

m ilk o f r e juv e n at io n t h e m e ad o f im mort al ity and th is

, ,

R o ck w as Chr ist h e r e id e nt ifi e d w ith t h e moth e r b e c au s e

, ,

h e is t h e sy m b ol ic r e p r e s e nt at iv e o f t h e moth e r l ib id o .

Wh e n w e dr ink fro m t h e cup th e n we dr ink fro m t h e

,

moth e r s br e ast imm ort al ity and e v e rl ast ing s alv at io n

’
.

P aul wrot e o f t h e J e ws th at th e y at e and th e n ro s e up

to d an c e and t o indulg e in for nic at io n and th e n tw e nt y ,

thr e e thou s an d o f t h e m w e r e sw e pt o ff by t h e pl ag u e o f
s e rp e nts T h e r e m e dy fo r t h e surv ivo rs how e v e r w as
.
, ,
 THE D UA L M O TH ER R OLE 41 1

t he s ight of a s e rp e nt h ang ing on a p ol e . F ro m it Was

d e r iv e d the cu r e .

T he c up o f b l e ssing w h ic h w e b l ess
, is it no t t h e c o m m u n io n o f

t he b l oo d C h of
r ist ? T h e b re ad w h ic h w e b re ak is it no t ,
t he

c o m m u n io n o f t h e b o d y o f C h rist F o r w e b e ing m any are

? o ne
”
b re ad and o ne b o d y ; fo r w e are all p art ak e rs o f o ne b re ad
,
.

I C o rin t hia ns x : 1 6, 1 7 .

B r e ad and w ine body and t h e blood o f Chr ist ;

are t h e

t h e food o f t h e im m ort als who are broth e rs w ith Chr ist ,

aid e lt
q m i,
tho s e who co m e fro m t h e s am e w o m b W e .

w h o a re re b o r n ag ain from t h e m oth e r are al l h e ro e s

t o g e t h e r w it h Chr ist and e nj oy im m ort al food As w ith
,
.

t h e J e ws so too w ith t h e Chr ist ian s th e r e is imm ine n t

, ,

d ang e r o f u nworthy p art ak ing fo r th is m yst e ry wh ich is , ,

v e ry clo s e ly r e l at e d p sycholog ic ally w it h t h e subt e rr ane an

H ie ro sg am o s o f E l e u s is involv e s a m yst e r iou s u nio n o f
,
.

m an in a sp ir itu al s e ns e wh ich w as co nst antly m isu n

1 02
,

d e rst o o d by t h e pro fane and w as r e tr ansl at e d into h is

l angu ag e wh e r e myst e ry is e qu iv al e nt to o rgy and
,

s e cr e cy to V ic e A v e ry int e r e st ing bl asph e m e r and se c

.
1 03

t ar ian o f t h e b e ginning o f t h e nine t e e nth c e nt u ry nam e d

U nt e rn ah re r h as m ad e t h e follow ing com m e n t o n t he
l ast supp e r :
T he c o mm u n io n o f d ev il is in t h is b ro t hel Al l t he y sac
t he .

rifi c e h e re t h e y sac rifi c e t o t h e d e v il an d no t t o G o d

, T he re t he y .

h av e t he d ev il s c u p and t he d e v il s d ish ; t he r e t he y hav e su c ke d

’ ’

t h e h e ad of t he snake t h e re t h e y h av e fe d u p o n t he in iqu it o u s
1 04
,

b re ad and d ru nk e n t he w ine o f w ic k e d ness .

” 1 05

U n t e rn ah re r is an a dh e r e nt or a f o r e ru nne r o f t h e
th e ory o f l iv ing o ne s o w n n at u r e ’
. H e dr e am s o f him
se lf as a sort o f pr iap ic d iv inity ; h e s ays o f h ims e l f
41 2 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I O U S
B l ac k h aire d -
, v er y c h arm ing and hand so m e in c o u n t e nanc e ,

and e v e r y o ne e n o j ys l ist e ning t o t he e on acc o u nt o f t he am ia ble

sp e ec he s w hic h c o me from t hy mo ut h ; t he re fo re t he m aid s l o v e
”
t hee .

He p r e ach e s t he cult o f n ak e dn e ss .

Y e foo l s and b l ind m e n, b e ho l d

G o d h as c re at e d man in h is
im ag e , as m al e and fe m al e , an d h as b l e sse d t h e m and said Be ,

fru it fu l and m u l t ip l y an d fill t he e art h , and m ak e it su bj ec t to

t he e .
’
T he re fo re ,
he h as g iv e n t he g re at e st ho no r t o t hese p oo r

m e m b e rs p l ac e d t hem nak e d in t h e g ard e n ,

”
and h as e tc .

Now are t he fi g l e av e s an d t he c o v e ring re m ov e d b ec ause

t ho u h ast t u rne d t o t he Lo rd ,
fo r t h e L o rd is t he S p irit , and w he re
t he sp irit o f t h e L o rd is, t h e re is fre e d o m , 1 06
t he re t h e c l e arne ss

of t he Lo rd is m irro re d w it h u nc o v e re d c o u nt e n anc e . T his is

p re c io us b e fo re G od , and t h is is t he g l o r y of t he L o rd , and t he

d
a o rnm e nt o f ou r d in t he im age and ho no r
G o d w he n yo u
, st an

o f y o u r G o d as G o d c re at e d yo u n ak e d and no t ash am e d
, , .

W ho c an ev e r p raise su ffi c ie nt l y in t he so ns and d au gh t e rs
o f t he l iv ing G o d t h o se p art s o f t h e b o d y w h ic h are d est ine d t o

?
pro c re at e
“
In t he l ap o f t he d au gh t e rs of J e ru sal em is t he g at e o f t he

Lo rd , and t h e J ust w il l go int o t he t e m p l e t h e re , t o t he al t ar .

1 07

And in t he l ap of t h e so ns o f t h e l iv ing G o d is t he w at e r p ip e o f -

t h e u pp e r p art , w h ic h is a tu be , l ik e a ro d, t o m e asu re t he t e m pl e
an d al t ar . And und e r t he w at e r t ub e t he -
sac re d st o nes are p l ac e d ,
t e st im o ny o f t he L o rd w ho h im se l f t h e
~

as a sig n and ,
h as k
t a en t o

se e d of A b rah am .

“
O ut d in t h e c h am b e r o f t he m o t he r G od c re at es
of t h e se e s ,

a m an w it h h is h and s as an im age o f h im se l f T he n t h e m o t h e r
,
.

ho use and t he m o t he r c h am b e r is o pe ne d in t h e d au gh t e rs o f t he
Liv ing G o d and G o d h im sel f b rings fo rt h a c h il d t h rou gh t hem
,
.

Thu s G o d c re at es c h il d re n fro m t he st o nes fo r t h e see d c o m e s ,

” 1 08
fro m t he st o nes .

H istory t e ach e s in m anifold e x am pl e s how t h e r e l igious

myst e r ie s are l iabl e to ch ang e sudd e nly into s e xu al orgie s
414 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C O N S C I O U S
p e e p e d out from h e r arm S he w ant e d to s e iz e it but it .
,

e sc ap e d h e r A p at ie nt w ith a v e ry stro ng introv e rs io n

.

( c at ato nic st at e
) co m pl a in e d to m e th at a s n ak e w a s

s t uck in h e r thro at Th is symbol is m is also u s e d by

.
1 1 0

N ie tzsch e in t h e v is io n o f t h e sh e ph e rd and t h e
“

sn ak e

And ve ril y , I
w h at saw w as l ik e no t h ing I eve r saw b e fo re .

I saw a y o u ng Sh eph e rd
k ing t w it c h ing w it h a c o n
, w rit hing , c ho ,

v u l se d fac e fro m w h ose m o u t h h u ng a b l ac k h e av y se rp e nt

, , .

Did I ev e r se e so m u c h d isgu st and p al l id fe ar u p on a c o u nt e

n anc e ? 2
M igh t he h av e b e e n sl e ep ing and t he snak e c rept
1 1

—t h
,

int o his m ou t h e re it b it h im fast ?

My h and t o re at t he se rp e nt and t o re —i n v ain —I f il a e d to

t e ar t h e se rp e nt o u t T hen t he re c rie d o ut o f m e
o f h is m o u t h .

B it e ! B it e ! I t s he ad o ff! B it e ! I ex c l aim e d ; all m y h o rro r ’

,

m y h at e m y d isg u st m y c ompassio n al l t h e g oo d an d b ad c rie d

, , ,

ou t fro m m e in o ne v o ic e .

Y e int re p id o ne s aro u n d me ! l
so v e fo r m e t he ri dd l e w hic h I
saw , m ak e c l e ar to m e t he v isio n o f t h e l one som est o ne .

“
F o r it w as a v isio n an d a ro
p p h e c y ; w h at d id t hen I b e ho l d
in p arab l e ? An d w ho is it w ho is st il l t o c o m e ?
W ho is t h e sh ephe rd int o w hos e m o u t h c re p t t h e snak e ? W ho
is t he m an int o w ho se t h ro at al l t he h eav ine ss and t he b l ac k e st
w oul d c re e p ? “ 3

t he Shephe rd b it h ad t ol d h im ; h e b it w it h
“
B ut my a

—
, as c ry

hu g e b it e ! F ar aw ay did h e sp it t he h e ad o f t he se rp e n t and

Sp rang up .

N o l o ng e r she phe rd , no l o ng e r m an , a t ransfig u re d b e ing , an

il l um inat e d b e ing , w ho l au ghe d ! N ev e r ye t o n e art h d id a m an
l au g h as he l au gh e d !
O m y b re t h re n, I h e ard a l au gh w h ich w as no h um an
l au gh t e r—and now a t h irst c o nsum e t h m e, a l o ng ing t h at is nev e r

all ay e d .

“
My l o ng ing fo r t h is l au gh e at s int o m e . O h , how c an I
su ffe r st il l t o l iv e ! And h ow no w c an I b e ar to die ! 114
 THE D UA L M O TH ER R O LE 41 5

T he s nak e r e pr e s e nts t h e introv e rt ing l ib ido Through .

introv e rs io n o ne is f e rt il iz e d insp ir e d r e g e ne r at e d and

, ,

r e bo r n fro m t h e G od I n H in doo ph il o s o phy th is id e a o f

.

cr e at iv e int e ll e ctu al act iv ity h as e v e n cos m og e nic signifi

,

c anc e T h e u nknown or ig inal cr e ato r o f al l th ings is ac

.
,

cord ing to R igv e d a 1 0 1 2 1 P r aj ap at i t h e L o rd o f

, , ,

Cr e at io n I n t he v ar iou s B r ah m as h is cosmog e n ic
.
,

a ct iv ity w as d e p ict e d in t h e follow in g m an ne r

P raj ap at i d e sire d : I l
w il p ro c re at e m y se lf, I w ill b e m anifol d .
’

He p e rfo rm e d T ap as ; aft e r h e h ad p e rfo rm e d T ap as h e c re at e d

t he se w o rl ds .

Th e str ang e conc e pt ion o f T ap as is to b e tr ansl at e d ,

accord ing t o De u sse n as h e h e at e d h im s e lf w ith h is

,

o wn h e at w ith t he s e ns e o f h e b rood e d h e h atch e d

,
1 16
, .

H e r e t he h atch e r and t he h atch e d are no t two but o ne ,

and t he s am e id e nt ic al b e ing A s H iranyag arb h a .

,

P r aj ap at i is t h e e gg p roduc e d from h im s e lf t he world ,

e g g fro m wh ich h e h atch e s h ims e l f

,
H e cr e e p s into h im .

s e l f h e b e com e s his o wn ut e ru s b e com e s p r e gn ant w ith

, ,

h ims e lf in o rd e r to giv e b irth to t h e world o f mult ipl ie

,

it y Thus P r aj ap at i through t h e w ay o f introv e rs io n

.

ch ang e d into so m e th ing ne w t he mult ipl ic ity o f t he world

, .

I t is o f e sp e c ial int e r e st to n ot e how t h e m o st r e mot e

th ings com e into co nt act De usse n ob s e rv e s .

I n t he d e g re e t h at t he c o nc e p t io n o f T ap as ( he at ) b ec o m es in
ho t I n d ia t h e sy m b o l o f e x e rt io n and d ist re ss t he t apo at apyat a ,

b e g an t o assu m e t he m e aning o f se l f c ast ig at io n and b e c am e re l at e d

-

t o t h e id e a t h at c re at io n is an ac t o f se lf re nun c iat io n o n t he p art

-

”
o f t he C re at o r .
4 1 6 P SY CH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OU S
S e l f incub at ion
-
s e l f c ast ig at io n and introv e rs io n
and -

are v e ry clos e ly co nne ct e d id e as T h e Z o sim o s v is ion

1 1 7
.

m e nt io ne d abov e b e tr ays t h e s am e tr ain o f t hought wh e r e ,

it is s aid o f t h e pl ac e o f tr an s form at io n : 1 175

W e h av e alr e ady obs e rv e d th at t he pl ac e

’
a a mf
*
o sms .

o f tr ans form at io n is r e ally t h e ut e ru s Absorpt io n in .

’
o ne s s e lf ( introv e rs io n ) is an e ntr an c e into on e s o wn
’

ut e ru s and also at t h e s am e t ime asc e t ic is m I n t he

, .

ph ilosophy o f t h e B r ah m an s t h e world aro s e from th is

a ct iv ity ; am o n g t h e p o st Chr ist ian G n o st ics it p roduc e d
-

t h e r e v iv al and sp ir itu al r e b ir t h o f t h e ind iv idu al who ,

w as bo r n into a ne w sp ir itu al wo rld T h e H in doo ph il o so .

phy is co ns id e r ably mor e d ar ing and log ic al and assum e s ,

th at cr e at io n r e sults from introv e rs io n in g e ne r al as in ,

t h e wo nd e r ful hy m n o f R igv e d a 1 0 2 9 it is s aid , , ,

What w as h idd e n in t he shel l ,

W as b o rn t h ro ugh t he p ow e r o f fi e ry t o rm ent s .

F ro m t h is fi rst aro se l ov e ,
As t he ge rm of k no w l e d ge ,

T he w ise fo un d t he roo t s o f e x ist e nc e in no n e

-
xist e nce ,

By inv e st ig at ing t he he art

’
s im p u l se s .
” “ 8

Th is ph ilosoph ic al V ie w int e rp r e ts t he world as an

e m an at io n o f t h e l ib id o an d th is m ust b e w id e ly a cc e pt e d
,

fr o m t h e th e o r e t ic as w e ll as t h e p sycholog ic st andpo int ,

fo r t h e fu n ct io n o f r e al it y is an in st in c t iv e fu n ct io n h av ,

ing t h e ch ar act e r o f b iolog ic al ad apt at io n Wh e n t he in .

s ane S ch re b e r brought about t h e e nd o f t he wo rld through

his l ib ido introv e r sio n h e e xp r e ss e d an e nt ir e ly r at io n al
-
,

p sycholog ic V ie w j us t as S chop e nh au e r w ish e d to abol ish

,

Th pl c f d i cip l in
e a e o s e.
41 s P S YCH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
’

L o rd , pp e ar e d in t h e cup ; t he dr ago n who w ith ch ang e ful

a ,

s e rp e nt gl anc e s gu ard e d t h e d iv ine m yst e ry o f fe ne we d

r e b irth in t h e m at e r n al wo m b I n N ie tzsch e t h e old ap
.
,

p a r e nt l y lo n g e xt in ct id e a is a g ain r e v iv e d :

A il ing w it h t e nd e rness, j ust as t he t h aw ing w ind ,

Z arat hust ra sit s w ait ing w ait ing , on his h il l ,
S w ee t ene d and c o o k e d in h is ow n j u ic e ,

B e ne at h h is sum m it s ,

B ene at h h is ic e h e sit s ,

W e ary and h app y ,

A C re at o r o n h is sevent h day .

S il e nc e !
I t is m y t ru t h !
F rom h e sit at ing e y es
F ro m v e l v e t y S h ad o w s

H e r g l anc e m ee t s m ine ,
L ov e l y , m isc h iev o u s, t h e gl anc e o f a g irl .

Sh e d iv ine s t h e re aso n o f m y h app ine ss,

She d iv ine s m e—h a ! w h at is she p l o t t ing ?
A p u rp l e d rago n l u rk s
I n t he ab y ss o f h e r m aid e n gl ance .

W o e t o t he e Z arat hust ra
, ,

T h ou se em e st l ik e so m e o ne
W ho h as sw all o w e d g o l d ,
” 1 24
T hy b e l l y w ill b e sl it o pe n .

In th is po e m n e arly al l t h e sy m bol is m is coll e ct e d wh ich

w e h av e e l ab o r at e d p r e v io u sly fr o m o t h e r co nn e ct io n s .

D ist inct tr ac e s o f t h e pr im it iv e id e nt it y o f s e rp e nt and

h e ro are st ill e xt ant in t h e m yth o f C e cr o p s C e cr o p s .

is h im s e lf h al f s n ak e h al f m an
-

,
O r ig in ally h e p rob ably
-
.
,

w as t h e Ath e n ian sn ak e o f t h e c it ad e l its e l f As a bur ie d .

g o d h
, e is l ik e E r e ch t h e u s a ch t h,
o n ic sn ak e g o d Ab o ve .

his sub t e rr ane an dw e ll ing r ise s t h e P arth e n o n t h e t e m pl e ,

 THE DUA L M O TH ER ROLE 41 9

o f t h e V irg in g o dd e ss ( co m p ar e t h e analogou s id e a o f t h e
Chr ist ian chu rch ) T h e c ast ing o f t h e sk in o f t h e g o d
. ,

wh ich w e h av e alr e ady m e nt io ne d in p assing st an ds in ,

t h e clo se st r e l at io n t o t h e n atur e o f t h e h e ro W e h av e .

sp o k e n alr e ady o f t h e M e x ic an g o d who c asts h is sk in .

I t is als o t o ld o f M ani t h e fou nd e r o f t h e M anich ae an ,

s e ct th at h e w as k ill e d S k inne d stu ffe d and hu ng up

, , ,
.

Th at is t h e d e ath o f Chr ist m e r e ly in anoth e r m yt h o ,

log ic al fo r m .

M arsy as who s e e m s to b e a subs t itut e fo r Att is t he

, ,

so n lov e r o f Cyb e l e w as also S k inn e d Wh e ne v e r a 1 27

-
.
,

S cyth ian k ing d ie d sl av e s and hors e s w e r e sl aught e r e d

, ,

sk inne d and stu ffe d and th e n se t up ag ain ,

I n P hryg ia .
1 28
,

t h e r e p r e s e nt at iv e s o f th e f ath e r god w e r e k ill e d an d

~ -

S k inne d T h e s am e w as do n e in Ath e n s w ith an ox who

.
,

w as sk inne d and s t u ffe d an d ag ain h itch e d to t h e plough .

I n th is m anne r t h e r e v iv al o f t h e f e rt il it y o f t h e e arth
w as c e l e b r at e d .

Th is r e ad ily e xpl ains t h e fr agm ent fro m t h e S ab az io s

myst e r ie s tr an s m itt e d to u s by F ir m icu s :
,
Ta fi p o g Op al 1 30

n o r/ r o t: n a i n ot n
-
ip ra d
/g o v Op a n ooui*
.

Th e ct iv e fru ct ify ing ( upw ard str iv ing ) for m o f t he

a

l ib ido is ch ang e d into t h e n e g at iv e forc e str iv ing dow n

w ards tow ards d e ath Th e h e ro as z o dio n o f spr ing .

( ra m bull )
, co n qu e rs t h e d e pths o f w
in t e r ; an d b e y o n d
t h e su mm e r s o lst ic e is att ack e d by t h e u n co n sc ious lo ng

ing fo r d e ath an d is b itt e n by t h e s n ak e

,
How e v e r h e .
,

h ims e lf is t h e s nak e B ut h e is at w ar w it h h im s e lf and

.
, ,

th e r e for e t h e d e sc e nt and t he e nd app e a r to him as t he

,

*
T he b u l l f at h e
,
r o f t h e s e rp e nt , a nd th e s e rp e nt , f at h er of th e bu ll .
4 29 P SY C H OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I O U S
m al ic iou s inv e nt io ns o f t he moth e r o f d e ath who in th is ,

w ay w ish e s to dr aw h im to h e rs e l f T h e m yst e r ie s how.

,

e v e r co n sol ingly p ro m is e th at th e r e is n o contr ad ict ion

,

o r d ish ar m o ny wh e n l if e is ch ang e d into d e ath : r a up o s

Op a n o u r o s ua i ip
n ot n
-
ra é pov
Op aiu co v .

N ie tzs ch e , too g iv e s e xp r e ss io n to th is myst e r y

,

H e re d o I sit n o w ,

That is I m sw al l ow e d d ow n
,
’

B y t his t he sm al l est o asis

—I t o pene d up j ust y aw ning ,

I t s l ov e l ie st m aw ag ap e .

H ail ! h ail ! t o t h at w hal e fish ,

Whe n he fo r h is g uest s w elfare ’

P rov id e d t hus !

H ail to h is b ell y
I f he h ad al so

S uc h a l ov e ly o asis b ell y
T he d ese rt g row s w o e t o him
,

W ho h id e s t he d ese rt !
S t o ne g rind s o n st o ne t he d ese rt ,

G u l ps and st rang l e s .

T he m o nst ro us d e at h g az e s, g l o w ing b row n

And c h ew s—h is l ife is h is c h e w ing
,

F o rge t no t , O m an, b u rnt o ut b y l ust ,

T ho u art t h e st o ne , t he d ese rt ,

T hou art d e at h !

T he s e rp e nt sym bol is m o f t h e L ast S upp e r is e xpl aine d

by t h e id e nt ific at io n o f t h e h e ro w ith t he s e rp e nt : T h e
god is bu r ie d in t h e m oth e r : as fru it o f t he fi e ld as food ,

com ing fro m t he moth e r and at t h e s am e t im e as dr ink

o f imm ort al ity h e is r e c e iv e d by t h e m y st ic o r as a se r ,

p e nt he u nit e s w ith t h e mys t ic All th e s e S ym bols re p

.
422 P S YCH OLOG Y O F THE U N C ON S C I O U S
t yp ic al fight w ith t h e dr ago n w ith t he l ib ido in r e s ist anc e
, .

As th e s e p ar all e ls show p sycho analys is m ob il e s a p art o f

,

t h e l ife p roc e ss e s t h e fu nd am e nt al im p ort an c e o f wh ich

,

p rop e rly illu str at e s t h e s ignific an c e o f th is p ro c e ss .

A ft e r S ie gfr ie d h as S l ain t h e dr ago n h e m e e ts t h e ,

f ath e r Wot an pl agu e d by gloomy c ar e s for t h e p r im i

, , ,

t iv e m oth e r E rd a h as pl ac e d in h is p ath t h e s nak e in

, , ,

ord e r to e n f e e bl e his sun H e s ays to E rd a : .

Wand er er
All w ise
-
o ne ,

C are s p ie rc ing st ing b y t he e w as pl ant e d

’

I n Wo t an s d au nt l ess h e art
’

W it h fe ar o f sh am e fu l ru in and d ow nfall .

F il l e d w as h is sp irit b y t id ings
Thou d id st fo re t e l l .

Art t hou t h e w o rl d s w isest o f w om en ?

’

T e ll t o m e now
H ow a g o d m ay c on qu er his c are .

E rd a
T ho u art no t

What t ho u h ast d
sai .

I t is t he s am e p r im it iv e m ot iv e wh ich w e m e e t in
W agne r : t h e m oth e r h as r o bb e d h e r so n t h e sun god o f ,
-
,

t h e j oy o f l if e through a p o iso n ou s thor n and d e p r iv e s

, ,

h im o f his p ow e r wh ich is co nne ct e d w ith t h e n am e

, I s is .

d e m ands t h e nam e o f t h e go d ; E rd a s ays Thou art no t ,

”
wh at t hou h ast s aid B ut t h e W and e r e r h as fou nd
.

t h e w ay to co nqu e r t h e fat al ch ar m o f t h e m oth e r t h e ,

f e ar o f d e ath
T he d o w nfal l
e t e rn al s
’

N 0 m o re d ism ay s m e ,

S inc e t he ir d o o m I w il l e d .
 T H E D U A L MO TH ER ROLE "

4 3
2

I l e av e t o t hee , lov e l iest W al sung ,

G l ad l y m y he rit ag e no w .

To t he e v e r -
y o u ng
”
I n g l ad ne ss y ie l d e t h t h e go d !

Th e s e w is e wo rds co nt ain in f act t h e s av ing thought , , .

I t is no t t he m oth e r who h as pl ac e d t h e p o iso nou s wor m

in ou r p ath but ou r l ib ido its e l f w ills to compl e t e t h e
,

cours e o f t he sun to mo unt fro m mor n to noo n and p ass , ,

ing b e yo nd noo n to h ast e n tow ards e v e ning no t at w ar

, ,

w ith its e l f but w ill ing t he d e sc e nt and t h e e nd

, .

’
N ie tzsch e s Z ar athu str a t e ach e s

I p raise t h ee , m y d e at h , t he free d e at h , w h ich c om es to me b e

c au se I w ant it .

And Whe n Sh al l I w ant it ?

H e w ho h as a go al an d an h e ir w ant s d e at h at t h e p rop e r

t im e fo r h is go al and h is he ir .

An d t h is is t he g re at no o nd ay , w h e n m an in t he m idd l e of
“

h is c o u rse st an d s b et w ee n m an and su p e rm an , an d c e l e b rat es h is

d
p at h t ow ar s ev e ning as his h igh e st hO p e : b ec ause it is t he p at h to

a ne w m o rn ing .

H e w ho is se t t ing wi ll b l ess h is ow n g o ing d ow n b e c ause it

”
is a t ransit io n : and t h e su n o f h is k now l e d g e w ill be at h igh no o n .

S ie gfr ie d co n qu e rs t he f ath e r Wot an and t ak e s p o ss e s

s io n o f B ru nh ild e T h e fi rst obj e ct th at h e s e e s is h e r
.

hors e ; th e n h e b e l ie v e s th at h e b e holds a m ail cl ad m an -

.

H e cuts to p ie c e s t h e p rot e ct ing co at o f m ail o f t h e

sl e e p e r ( O v e rpow e r ing ) Wh e n h e s e e s it is a wom an
. .
,

t e rro r s e iz e s h im

M y he art d o t h
z fal t e r an d faint ;
O n w ho m S h al l I c al l
T hat h e m ay h el p m e ?
4 24 P S YCH OLOG Y OF TH E U N C O N S C I O U S
M o t her ! M o t he r !
R em emb e r m e !
C an t h is b e fe aring ?
O h m o t he r !
, M o t he r !
T hy d aun t l ess c h il d
A w o m an l ie t h asl e ep

And she no w h as t au gh t h im to fe ar !

A w ak e n Aw ak e n
H ol iest m aid !
T he n l ife fro m t he sw ee t ne ss o f l ips
W ill I w in m e
E e n t ho I die in a k iss
’ ’
.

I n t he du e t wh ich follows t he moth e r is invok e d

O m o t he r ,
h ail !
W ho gave t he e t hy b irt h !

The con fe ss io n o f B ru nh ild e is e sp e c ially ch ar act e r ist ic

O k new est t ho u —j y o o f t he w o rl d ,
H ow I h av e e ve r l ov e d t hee !
Tho u w e rt m y gl ad ness ,

M y c are w e rt t hou !
T hy l ife I sh e l t e re d ;
Or e re it w as t h ine ,
Or e re t h ou w e rt b o rn ,

M y Shie l d w as t hy g uard .
” 1 1 1

T he p re e x ist e nc e o f t h e h e ro and t h e p re ex ist e nc e o f

- -

B runh ild e as his w if e m oth e r are cl e arly ind ic at e d from

-

th is p ass ag e .

S ie gfr ie d s ays in confirm at io n

T he n d e at h t o o k no t m y m o t he r ?
B o und in S l ee p d id she l ie ? ”
429 P SY CH OLOG Y O F T H E U N C O N S C I OUS

W it h all m y se nses
I o nl y se e
I t s b u o y ant g l add e ning b ill ow s
, .

T h o u gh in t h e d ee p
I fi nd no t m y fac e ,

B u rn ing I l o ng
,

F o r t he w at e r s b al m ;
’

An d now as I am ,

S p ring in t he st re am .

O m igh t it s b ill ow s
E ngul f m e in b l iss .
”

T he mot iv e o f plu ng ing into t h e m at e rn al w at e r o f re

b irth ( b apt ism ) is h e r e fully dev e lop e d An allus io n to .

t he t e rr ibl e m oth e r im ago t he m oth e r o f h e ro e s who

, ,

t e ach e s th e m f e ar is to b e found in B ru nh ild e s words

,
’

( t h e ho rs e wom an who gu id e s t he d e ad to t he oth e r

-
,

s id e )

F e arest t ho u , S ieg frie d ?

F e arest t ho u n o t
”
T he w il d , fu rious w o m an ?

Th e org iast ic O c cide m o rit urus r e sounds in B run

h ild e 3 wo rds

L aughing let us b e l o st
L au ghing go d ow n to d e at h ! ”

And in t h e wo rds
L igh t g iv ing l ove
-
,

L augh ing d e at h !

is to be fou nd t h e s am e s ignific ant co ntr ast .

T he fu rth e r d e st in ie s o f S ie g fr ie d are thos e o f t he In

 THE D UA L M O TH ER ROLE 42 7

V ictu s : t he sp e ar o f t he
gloo m y o ne e y e d H ag e n str ik e s
,
-

S ie gfr ie d s vul ne r abl e spot T h e old sun who h as b e com e

’
.
,

,
—
t h e god o f d e ath t h e o ne e y e d Wot an s m it e s h is o f f
,

spr ing and o nc e ag ain as c e nds in e t e r n al r e juv e nat io n

, .

Th e cours e o f t h e inv in c ibl e sun h as suppl ie d t h e m yst e ry

o f hum an l if e w ith b e aut iful and im p e r ish abl e sy m bols ; it
b e c am e a com fort ing fulfil m e nt o f all t he y e ar ning fo r
imm ort al ity o f al l d e s ir e o f mo rt als fo r e t e r nal l if e
,
‘

M an l e av e s t h e m oth e r t he sou rc e o f l ib ido and is

, ,

dr iv e n by t he e t e r nal th irst to find h e r ag ain and to dr ink ,

r e ne w al fro m h e r ; thus h e compl e t e s his cycl e and re ,

tur ns ag ain into t h e m oth e r s wo m b E v e ry obst acl e

’
.

’
wh ich obstructs his l if e s p ath and thr e at e ns his asc e nt
, ,

w e ars t h e sh adowy f e atur e s o f t h e t e rr ibl e moth e r ,

who p ar alyz e s h is e ne rgy w ith t h e co nsu m ing po iso n o f

t h e st e althy r e tro sp e ct iv e lo ng ing
,
I n e ach co n qu e st h e
.

w in s ag ain t h e s m il ing lov e and l if e g iv ing m oth e r -

im ag e s wh ich b e lo ng to t h e intu it iv e d e pths o f hu m an f e e l

ing t h e f e atur e s o f wh ich h av e b e com e mut il at e d and
,

irr e cog niz abl e through t he p rogr e ss iv e d e v e lopm e nt o f

t h e su r f a c e o f t h e hu m an m ind T h e st e rn ne c e ss ity o f
.

a d apt at io n works c e a s e l e ssly to obl it e r at e t h e l ast tr ac e s

o f th e s e pr im it iv e l and m arks o f t h e p e r iod o f t he o r ig in

o f t h e hu m an m ind and to r e pl ac e th e m alo ng l ine s
,

wh ich are to d e n ot e m or e and mor e cl e arly t he natur e o f

r e al obj e cts .
 C HA P T E R V I I I

TH E S A C R I FI C E

A FTE R th is long d igr e ss ion l e t u s r e turn to M iss M il

,

l e r s v is io n W e c an no w answ e r t h e qu e st io n as to
’
.

t h e s ig nific an c e o f S ie gfr ie d s lo ng ing fo r B ru nh ild e

’
It .

is t h e str iv ing o f t h e l ib ido aw ay fr o m t he m o t h e r

t o wards t h e m o t h e r Th is p ar adox ic al s e nt e nc e m ay b e
.

tr ansl at e d as follows : as lo ng as t h e l ib ido is s at isfi e d

m e r e ly w ith ph ant as ie s it m ov e s in its e lf in it s own
, ,

d e pths in t h e moth e r
, Wh e n t h e lo ng ing o f ou r autho r
.
1

r is e s in o rd e r to e sc ap e t h e m ag ic c ircl e o f t h e inc e stuou s

and th e r e for e p e r n ic ious obj e ct and it do e s no t su cc e e d
, , , ,

in fi nd ing r e al ity th e n t h e obj e ct is and r e m ain s irre v o

,

e ably t h e moth e r O nly t he ov e rco m ing o f t h e obst acl e s

.

o f r e al ity b r ings t h e d e l iv e r anc e from t h e moth e r who is ,

t h e co nt inuou s and ine xh au st ibl e sourc e o f l if e fo r t he

cr e ator but d e ath for t h e cow ardly t im id and slugg ish

, , .

Who e v e r is acqu aint e d w ith psycho analys is knows how

o ft e n ne urot ics cry out ag ainst th e ir p ar e nts To b e su r e .
,

su ch co m pl aints and r e p ro ach e s are o ft e n ju st ifi e d o n ac

cou nt o f t he co m mo n hum an imp e r f e ct io ns but st ill mor e ,

o ft e n th e y are r e pro ach e s wh ich should r e ally b e d ir e ct e d

tow ards th e ms e lv e s R e pro ach and h atr e d are alw ays
.

fut il e att e m pts to fr e e o ne s s e l f app ar e ntly fro m t h e p ar

’

e nts but in r e al ity from o ne s o wn h ind e r ing long ing for

’
,
43 0 P S YCH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OU S
Th e r e upo n a gr e e n se r p e nt d ar t s fr o m t he b ush e s,

g l id e s t o w ar d s h im a nd s t ing s h im o n t he ar m , the n at

t a c ks t h e h o rs e , w h ic h succ u mb s firs t . Th e n Chiw ant o pe l

s ays to h is hors e :

A d ie u , b ro t he r ! E nt e r int o rest ! I hav e l o v e d yo u

fait h ful ,

and yo u h av e se rv e d m e w e ll A d ie u S o o n I w il l rej o in yo u !
. .
’

T h en to t h e snak e : T hank s l it t l e sist e r you h ave put an e nd t o

, ,
’
m y w ande r ing s .

Th e n he cr ied w ith gr ie f and spok e h is p r ay e r

S ov e re ign G od , k
ta e me so o n ! I h ave t rie d to k no w t he e ,

and t o ke e p t hy l aw ! O ,
do no t su ffe r my body to fal l int o cor

i
ru p t o n an d d e c ay , and to fu rnish t h e v u l t u res w it h fo o d !
’
A
sm o k ing c rat e r is p e rc e iv e d at a d ist anc e t h e rum b l ing
,
o f an

e art h qu ak e is he ard , fo l l ow e d by a t re m b l ing o f t h e g ro u nd .

”

Ch iwant o p e l cr ie s in t h e d e l ir ium o f su ffe r ing wh il e ,

t he e arth cov e rs h is body

I h ave kept my b od y inv io l at e . Ah ! She d

u n e rst an ds .
Ja
”
ui-
w a m a,
-

Ja -
ni w a m a,
- -
t h o u w h o c o m p re he n de t h me .

’
Chiw ant o pe l p roph e cy is a r e p e t it io n o f L o ngf e llow s
’
s

H iaw ath a wh e r e t h e po e t could no t e sc ap e se nt im e n

,

t al ity and at t he clos e o f t h e c ar e e r o f t h e h e ro H ia

, ,

w ath a he br ings in t h e S av io r o f t h e wh it e p e opl e in t h e

, ,

gu is e o f t h e arr iv ing illu str iou s r e pr e s e nt at iv e s o f t he

Chr ist ian r e l ig io n and m o r als ( O ne th inks o f t he wo rk .

o f r e d e m pt io n o f t h e S p aniards in M e x ico and P e ru ! )

W ith th is proph e cy o f C h iw ant o pe l t h e p e rso nal ity o f t he ,

autho r is ag ain pl ac e d in t h e cl o s e st r e l at io n to t h e h e ro ,

and ind e e d as t h e r e al obj e ct o f C h iw ant o p e l s lo ng ing

’
.
, ,
 TH E S AC R I F I C E 43 1

M o st c e rt ainly t h e h e ro would h av e m arr ie d h e r h ad she ,

l iv e d at but u n fortu nat e ly sh e com e s too l at e

h is t im e ; , , .

T h e co nne ct io n p rov e s ou r p r e v iou s ass e rt io n th at t h e

l ib ido m ov e s rou nd in a c ircl e T h e autho r lov e s h e rs e lf ;
.

th at is to say sh e as t he h e ro is sought by o ne who co m e s

, , ,

to o l at e Th is m ot iv e o f co m ing to o l at e is ch ar act e r isti c

.

o f t h e in f ant il e lov e : t h e f ath e r and t he moth e r c an

no t b e ov e rt ak e n T h e s e p ar at io n o f t h e two p e rso nal
.

it ie s by t e n thou s and m oo ns is a w ish fulfilm e nt ; w ith th at

t h e in c e st r e l at io n is annull e d in an e ffe ctu al m anne r .

Th is wh it e h e ro ine w ill s e e k w ithout b e ing u nd erstood .

( S h e is no t u nd e rstood b e c aus e sh e c an n ot
, u n d e rst an d
h e rs e lf r ightly ) And sh e w ill no t find B ut in dr e am s
. .
,

at l e ast th e y w ill fin d e ach oth e r

, and sh e w ill u n d e r
,

st and . T h e n e xt s e nt e nc e o f t h e t e xt r e ads

I h av e k ept my body inv io l at e .

Th is p roud s e nt e nc e wh ich n atu r ally only a wo m an c an

,

e xp r e ss b e c aus e m an is n o t a ccu stom e d to bo ast in th at

,

d ir e ct ion ag ain co nfirms t he f act th at al l e nt e rpr is e s h av e

,

r e m aine d but dr e ams th at t h e body h as r e m aine d inv io

,

l at e
. Wh e n t h e h e ro V is its t he h e ro in e in a dr e am it is ,

cl e ar wh at is m e ant Th is ass e rt io n o f t he h e ro s th at h e
.
’
,

h as r e m aine d inv iol at e r e f e rs b ack to t he u nsu cc e ss ful

,

att e mpt upo n h is l if e in t h e p r e v ious ch apt e r ( hu ntsm an

w ith t h e arrow ) and cl e arly e xpl ains to u s wh at w as

,

r e ally m e ant by th is ass ault ; th at is to say t h e r e fu s al ,

o f t h e co itu s ph ant asy H e r e t h e w ish o f t h e u nco nsc iou s

.

obtrud e s its e l f ag ain a ft e r t h e h e ro h ad r e pr e ss e d it t h e

,

first t im e and th e r e upo n h e p ain fully and hyst e r ic ally

,
43 2 P S YCH OLOG Y O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS

utt e rs th is monologu e . T e mpt at io n w ill o ft e n ass ail

h re soul — but it w ill not y ie ld . Th is v e ry bold ass e rt ion
— —
r e duc e s nobl e ss e obl ig e t h e u nconsc iou s to an e normou s
in f ant il e m e g alo m ania wh ich is alw ays t h e c as e wh e n t he
,

l ib ido is comp e ll e d through s imil ar c ircumst anc e s to re

, ,

g re s s io ns. O nly o n c e in a l l t h e t e n thou s an d moo n s i s

”
a soul born l ik e m ine ! H e r e t he u nconsc iou s e g o ex
p ands to an e nor m ou s d e gr e e e v id e ntly in ord e r to cov e r
,

w it h it s bo ast ful ne s s a l arg e p art o f t h e ne gl e ct e d duty

o f l if e B ut pu nishm e nt follows at it s h e e ls Who e v e r
. .

p ri d e s h im se l f too mu ch o n h a v in g su st a in e d n o wou n d
’

in th e b attl e o f l if e l ays h ims e l f op en to t h e su sp ic io n th at

h is fi ght ing h as b e e n w ith wo rds o nly, wh ilst actu ally h e
h as r e m aine d far aw ay fro m t h e firing l ine Th is sp ir it is
-
.

j ust t h e r e v e rs e o f t he p r id e o f tho s e s av ag e wom e n ,

who p o int w ith s at is f act ion to t he cou ntl e s s s c ars wh ich

w e r e g iv e n th e m by th e ir m e n in t h e s e xu al fight for
supr e m acy . I n accord anc e w ith th is and in log ic al
,

co nt inu at io n o f t h e s am e al l th at follows is e xpr e ss e d in

,

figu r at iv e sp e e ch Th e org ias t ic O ccide m o rit urus in

.

it s adm ixtur e w ith t he r e ckl e ss l aught e r o f t h e D ionys ian

fr e nzy co n fro nts u s h e r e in sorry d isgu is e w ith a s e nt i
m e nt al st ag e tr ick e ry worthy o f ou r posthu m ous e d it io n
o f Chr ist ian mor als . I n pl ac e o f t h e pos it iv e ph allu s ,

t he ne g at iv e app e ars and l e ads t h e h e ro s hors e h

( is
’
,

l ib ido anim al is ) no t to s at is f act io n but into e t e r nal

, ,

—
p e ac e also t h e f at e o f t he h e ro Th is e nd m e ans th at
.

t h e moth e r r e p r e s e nt e d as t h e j aws o f d e ath d e vou rs t h e

, ,

l ib ido o f t he d aught e r Th e r e for e inst e ad o f l ife and

.
,

procr e at iv e growth o nly ph ant ast ic s e l f obl iv io n r e sults

,
-
.
43 4 P SY CH OLOGY O F TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
C hiw ant o pe l h as t h e ch ar act e r o f C ass iu s who
l amb , h as a
’

as a co m p an io n T h e re fo re C h iw ant o p e l is t he p ort io n
.
,

o f t h e dr e am e r s l ib ido bou nd up w ith t h e m oth e r ( and

’

th e r e for e m ascul ine ) ; h e n c e h e is h e r in f ant il e p e rso n

,

al ity t h e ch ild ish ne ss o f ch ar act e r wh ich as ye t is u n abl e

, ,

to u nd e rst and th at o ne m u st l e av e f ath e r and moth e r ,

wh e n th e t im e is co m e in o rd e r to s e rv e t h e d e st iny o f t h e
,

e nt ir e p e rso n al ity Th is is outl ine d in N ie tzsch e s wo rds ’

.

F re e d o st t ho u c all t h se y l f?
d o m inant T hy t ho u gh t w o u ld
I he ar and no t t h at t hou hast t h row n o ff a y o k e . Art t hou o ne

who h ad t he righ t t o t h row o ff a y o k e ? T he re are m any w ho

t h ro w aw ay t he ir l ast val ue w h en t hey t h row aw a y t he ir se rv i
’
t u de f

Th e r e for e wh e n Chiwant o p e l d ie s it m e ans th at h e r e in

, ,

is a fulfilm e nt o f a w ish th at th is in f ant il e h e ro w ho

, ,

c annot l e av e t h e m oth e r s c ar e m ay die And if w ith th at

’
, .

t h e bo nd b e tw e e n moth e r and d aught e r is s e v e r e d a ,

gr e at st e p forw ard is g ain e d b oth fo r inn e r and out e r

fr e e do m . B ut m an w ish e s to r e m ain a ch ild too long ; h e
would f ain stop t h e tu r ning o f t h e wh e e l wh ich roll ing , , ,

b e ars alo ng w ith it t h e y e ars ; m an w ish e s to k e e p h is

ch ildhood and e t e r nal youth r ath e r th an to die and su ffe r
,

corrupt io n in t he gr av e O do no t su ffe r my body to

.
,

f all into d e c ay and corrupt io n N oth ing b r ings t he

.

r e l e nt l e s s fl ight o f t im e and t h e cru e l p e r ish ab il ity o f all

blosso m s m or e p ain fully to our co nsc iou s ne ss th an an in
act iv e an d e m pty l ife I d l e d r e a m ing is t h e m o t h e r o f
.

t h e f e ar o f d e a t h t h e s e nt im e nt al d e plor ing o f wh at h as
,

b e e n and t h e v ain tur ning b ack o f t he cl o ck Although .

m an c an forg e t in t he lo ng ( p e rh aps too lo ng ) gu ard e d

 THE S AC R I F I C E 43 5

fe e l ings o f youth in t h e dr e am y st at e o f stubbor nly

,

h e ld r e m e m br anc e s th at t he wh e e l rolls o nw ard n e v e r

, ,

t h e l e ss m e rc il e ssly do e s t h e gr ay h air t h e r e l ax at io n o f
,

t h e sk in and t h e wr inkl e s in t h e fac e t e ll u s th at wh e th e r ,

o r no t w e e xpo s e t he body t o t h e d e str o y ing pow e rs o f

t h e whol e struggl e o f l if e t h e po iso n o f t h e st e alth ily
,

cr e e p ing s e rp e nt o f t im e co nsu m e s ou r bod ie s wh ich , ,

al as ! we so d e arl y lov e
'
. N or do e s it h e lp if w e cry out
w ith t h e m e l ancholy h e ro C hiw ant o pe l I h av e k e p t m y ,

body inv iol at e fl ight from l if e do e s not fr e e u s from

t h e l aw o f ag e and d e ath . T h e ne u rot ic who s e e ks to

g e t r id o f t h e n e c e ss it ie s o f l if e w in s n oth in g and l ays

upo n h im s e l f t h e fr ightful burd e n o f a p r e m atur e ag e

and d e ath wh ich m u st app e a r e sp e c ially cru e l o n accou nt
,

o f t h e tot al e m pt ine ss and m e ani ngl e ss ne s s o f his l if e I f .

t h e l ib ido is no t p e rm itt e d to follow t h e p rogr e ss iv e l if e ,

wh ich is w ill ing to acc e pt al l d ang e rs and al l loss e s th e n ,

it follows t h e oth e r ro ad s ink ing into it s o wn d e pths

, ,

wo rk ing dow n into t h e old for e b od ing r e g ard ing t he im

mo rt al ity o f al l l if e to t he lo ng ing fo r r e b irth
, .

H o l de rl in e x e mpl ifi e s th is p ath in h is po e try and his

l if e I l e av e t h e po e t to sp e ak in his so ng
.

To t he R ose .

I n t he M ot he r w o m b
-
e t e rna l ,

S w e e t est qu ee n o f e v e ry l e a,
S t il l t he l iv ing and supe rnal
N at ure c arries t hee and m e .

L it t l e rose t h e st o rm s fi e rce pow e r

,
’

S t rips o ur l e av e s and al t ers u s ;

Y et t he d e at hl ess ge rm w il l t ow e r
”
To new b l o o m s m irac u l ou s
,
.
43 6 P S YCH OLO G Y O F TH E U N C O N S C I O U S
T he follow ing comm e nts m ay b e m ad e upo n t he p ar
abl e o f th is po e m : T h e ros e is t he symbol o f t h e b e lov e d
w o m an H aide nro sl e in h e ath e r ro s e o f G o e th e )
,
.

T h e ro se blooms in t h e ro s e g ard e n o f t he m aid e n ;

-

t h e r e for e it is also a d ir e ct sy m bol o f t h e l ib ido

, Wh e n .

t h e p o e t dr e am s th at h e is w ith t h e ros e in t h e moth e r

womb o f natu r e th e n p sycholog ic ally t he f act is th at h is

, , ,

l ib ido is w ith t h e moth e r H e r e is an e t e r nal g e rm inat io n

.

and r e ne w al
. W e h av e com e acro ss th is mot iv e alr e ady
.

in t h e H ie ro sg am o s hy m n ( I l iad X I V) : T h e nupt ials

in t h e bl e ss e d W e st ; th at is to say t h e u nion in and w ith ,

t h e moth e r .P lut arch shows u s th is mot iv e in nai v e form

in h is tr ad it io n o f t h e O sir is myth ; O s ir is and I s is copu
l at ing in t he moth e r s womb Th is is also p e rc e iv e d by
’
.

H o l de rlin as t h e e nv iabl e p r e rog at iv e o f t he gods—to

e nj oy e v e rl ast ing inf ancy Thus in Hyp e r ion h e s ays
.
,
,

F at el e ss, l ike t he l
s e ep ing nu rs l ing ,

B re at he t heH e av e nl y o nes ;
C hast e l y g uard e d in m o d e st b u d s ,

T he ir S p irit s b l osso m e t e rnal ly ,

And t he ir q u ie t e y e s
G az e o ut in p l ac id
”
E t e rnal se re n it y.

Th is quot at io n shows t h e m e aning o f h e av e nly bl iss

H Ol de rl in n e v e r w as abl e to forg e t th is fi rst and gr e at e st
h app in e ss t h e dr e am y p ictu r e o f wh ich e str ang e d him
,

from r e al l if e M or e ov e r in th is po e m t he anc ie nt
.
, ,

m o t iv e o f t h e t wins in t h e moth e r s wo m b is int im at e d

’
.

( I s is and O s ir is in t h e m oth e r s wo m b ) T h e mot iv

’
e is .

arch aic . Th e r e is a l e g e nd in F rob e nius o f how t h e gr e at

43 8 P SY CH OLOG Y O F THE UN C ON S C I O U S
O nce l ay t hy m o st b e au t iful c h il d d
u n e r t he g rap es ;
L ay aft e r a m il d n igh t ; in t h e d aw n ,

I n t he d ay b re ak a c h il d b o rn t o t h ee , O E art h !
And t h e b oy l ook s up fam il iarl y
T o h is F at he r H e l io s
, ,

And , t ast ing t he sw e e t g rap e s,

H e p ic k e d t he sac re d v ine fo r h is nu rse ,

And soo n he is g row n t he b e ast s
F e ar him , fo r he is d iffe re nt fro m t hem
Th is m an ; he is no t l ik e t hee t he fat he r , ,

F o r t he l o ft y so u l o f t h e fat he r,
i s in b o l d l y unit e d w it h t hy p l e asu res
him ,

And t hy sad ness O E art h , ,

H e m ay re se m b l e t he e t e rnal N at u re ,

T he m o t he r o f G o d s t he t e rrib l e M o t he r
, .

“
Ah ! t he re fo re , O E art h ,

H is p resu m p t io n d riv e s h im aw a y from t hy b reast ,

And t hy g ift s are v ain, t he d

t e n e r o nes ;

E v e r and ev e r t o o h igh d o e s t he p rou d he art b e at .

O u t fro m t he sw ee t m e ad ow o f h is Sho re s
M an m u st g o int o t he fl ow e rl e ss w at e rs,
And t ho h is g rov e s shine w it h go l d e n fruit ,

L ike t he st arry n igh t , ye t he d igs ,

He d ig s c av es in t he m o u nt ains, and see ks in t he m ines,

F ar fro m t h e sac re d ra s o fy h is fat h e r,
F ait hl ess al so t o t he Su n -

g d,
o

W ho d o es no t l ov e w e akl ings, and m oc k s at c are s.

Ah ! fre e r do t he b ird s o f t he
b re at he w oo d
“ °

A l t ho u gh t he b re ast o f m an he av es w il d e r and m o re l
p ro u d y,
H is p rid e b ec o m e s fe ar and t he t e nd e r fl ow e rs
,

O f h is p e ac e do no t b l oo m fo r l o ng .

Th is p o e m b e tr ays to u s t h e b e g inning o f t he d iscord

b e tw e e n t h e po e t and natur e ; h e b e g in s to b e e str ang e d
from r e al ity t h e n atur al actu al e x ist e nc e I t is a re
, .
 TH E S AC R I F I C E 439

m ark abl e id e a how t h e l it tl e ch ild choos e s t he V ine fo r

h is nu rs e Th is D io nys ian allu s io n is v e ry old I n t h e
. .

s ignific ant bl e s sing o f J acob it is s aid o f Jud ah ( G e ne s is ,

ch ap xl ix v e rs e 1 1 )
.
,

B ind ing h is fo al u nt o t he v ine , and h is

’
ass s c o lt u nt o t he

c ho ic e v ine .

A G nost ic g e m h as b e e n p r e s e rv e d upo n wh ich th e r e

is a r e pr e s e nt at io n o f an ass su ckl ing h e r fo al abov e ,

wh ich is t h e symbol o f C anc e r and t h e c ircu m scr ipt io n ,

D om inu s N o st e r J e su s Chr istu s w ith ,

t h e suppl e m e nt De i filiu s As Just inu s M artyr ind ignantly

.

obs e rv e s t h e co nne ct io n s o f t h e Chr ist ian l e g e nd w ith th at

,

o f D io nysu s are u nm ist ak abl e ( Co m p ar e for e x am pl e .

, ,

t h e m ir acl e o f t he w ine ) I n t h e l ast nam e d l e g e nd t h e

.
-

ass pl ays an impo rt an t rOl e G e ne r ally sp e ak ing t h e ass

.
,

h as an e nt ir e ly d iffe r e nt m e aning in t h e M e d it e rr ane an

s —
cou ntr ie s th an w ith u an e co no m ic o ne Th e r e for e it .
,

is a b e ne d ict io n wh e n J acob s ays ( G e ne s is ch ap xl ix , .

,

v e rs e 1 4 )
I ssachar is a st ro ng ass cou c hing d ow n b e t w e e n tw o b u rd e ns .

T he bov e m e nt io ne d thought is altog e th e r O r ie n t al

a -
.

Ju st as in E gypt t h e ne w bor n sun is a bull c al f in t h e

- -

r e st o f t h e O rie nt it c an e as ily b e an ass s fo al to who m ’

'

t h e V ine is t h e nu rs e H e nc e t h e p ictur e in t he bl e ss ing

.

o f J acob wh e r e it is s aid o f Judah

,

H is eyes are ru dd y w it h w ine and h is t ee t h w h it e w it h m il k .

’
T h e m ockcru c ifix o f t h e P al at ine w ith an ass s h e ad , ,

e v id e ntly allud e s to a v e ry sig nific ant b a ckgrou nd .

P S YCH OLOG Y OF TH E UN C O N S C I O U S

T o N at ure .

Wh il e ab o ut t hy ve il I l inge re d pl aying , ,

And l ik e any b u d u po n t h e e hu ng
, , ,
2

S t il l I fe l t t hy he art in eve ry st ray ing

S o und ab ou t m y he art t h at Sho o k and c l ung .

Wh il e I g rop e d w it h fait h and p ainful y e arning ,

T o yo u r p ic t u re g l ow ing and u nfu rl e d

, ,

S t ill I fou nd a p l ac e fo r all m y b u rning

T e ars and fo r m y l ov e I fo und a w o rl d !
,

T o t h e Su n m y h e art , b e fo re al l o t he rs,
T u rne d and fe l t it s po t e nt m ag ic ry ;
And it c all e d t he st ars it s l it t l e b ro t h e rs ,
3

And it c al l e d t he S p ring G o d s m e l o d y
’

And e ach b re ez e in g rove s o r w o o d l and s fruity

H ld e t hy —
an d t h at sam e sw e e t j oy
sp irit

M ov e d t he w el l sp rings o f m y h eart w it h b eauty

-

T hose w e re go l d e n d ay s w it hou t all oy .

Whe re t he S p ring is c oo l in ev e r y l ley

va ,

And t he yo u ng e st b ush and t w ig is g re e n,

And ab ou t t he roc k s t he g rasse s ral l y ,

And t he b ranc he s show t he sky b e t w een ,

T he re I l ay im b ib ing ev e ry fl ow er
,

I n a rap t int o x ic at e d gl e e
, ,

And su rround e d b y a gol d e n show e r

, ,

F rom t he ir he igh t s t he c l oud s sank d ow n t o

O ft e n as a w eary w and e ring riv e r
, ,

L ongs t o j o in t h e o c e an s pl ac id m irt h ’

I h av e w ep t and l ost m y se l f fo rev e r

I n t he ful ne ss o f t hy l ov e , O E art h !
Th en —w it h d m y b e ing
all t h e ar o r o f

F o rt h I rushe d fro m T im e s sl ow ap at hy ’

L ike a p il g rim h om e fro m t rav e l fl ee ing ,

T o t he arm s o f rap t E t e rnit y .

B l esse d b e t he ir
’
c h il dh o o d s g o l d e n d re ams, ow e r
p
H id fr o m m e L ife
’
s d ismal pov e r t y
442 P S YC H OLO G Y O F T H E UN C ON S C I O U S
And if yo u w o ul d b e a k in t o t he m o rt al s
T he y ou ng g irl s w ill b l o sso m fo r yo u .

And t h e y o u ng h e ro es w il l shine ;

And , sw ee t e r t han e v e r,

Nl o rn ing w ill p l ay u p o n t h e c h e e ks o f t he h appy o ne s;

And, rav ish ing sw e e t , yo u w ill h e ar
-

T he so ngs o f t ho se w ho are w it h o u t c are .

Ah , o nc e t he l iv ing w ave s o f so ng

S u rge d o ut o f e v e ry
b ush t o m e ;
And st il l t he h e av e nl y o ne s g l anc e d d ow n u po n me ,
T he ir e y es sh ining w it h j oy .

T he s e p ar at io n from t h e bl e ss e d ne ss o f ch ildhood ,

fro m youth e v e n h as t ak e n t h e gold e n gl am ou r fro m

,

n atur e and t h e futu r e is hop e l e ss e m pt ine ss

, B ut wh at .

rob s n atur e o f it s gl am ou r an d l ife o f it s j oy is t h e , ,

p o iso n o f t h e r e trosp e ct iv e lo ng ing wh ich h arks b ack in , ,

ord e r to s ink into it s o wn d e pths

E m pe d o c l e s .

T hou see k est l ife — nd

a a go d ly fire sp ring s t o t h e e ,

G ush ing an d g l e am ing , fro m t he d e ep s o f t h e e art h;

And w it h sh udd e ring l o ng ing
, ,

T hrow s t h ee d ow n int o t he fl am es of A e t na .

So , t h ro u gh a
'

qu ’
ee n s w ant o n w h im ,
P e arl s are d isso l v d
e in i
w e
n —re st rain h e r no t !
D id st t ho u no t t h ro w t hy rich e s, Poet ,

I nt o t he b right an d b ubb l ing c up !

S t il l t h o u art hol y to me , as t he P ow e r o f E art h

Whic h t o o k t h e e aw ay l o v e l y assassin ! ,

An d I w o u l d h av e fo l l ow e d t h e he ro t o t he d e p t hs ,

H ad Lo v e no t h el d m e
”
.
 TH E S AC R I F I C E 443

Th is po e m b e tr ay s t he s e cr e t lo ng ing for t he m at e r n al
'

d e pths .
7

H e would l ik e to b e s acr ifi c e d in t he ch al ic e d issolv e d ,

in w ine l ik e p e arls ( t h e cr at e r o f r e b ir th ) ye t lov e ,

holds h im w ith in t he l ight o f d ay T h e l ib ido st ill h as .

an obj e ct for t h e s ak e o f wh ich l if e is wo rth l iv in g

,
B ut .

w e r e th is obj e ct ab ando ne d th e n t h e l ib ido would s ink

,

into t h e r e alm o f t h e subt e rr an e an t he moth e r who , ,

b r ings forth ag ain

O b it uary .

( U nfi ni sh e d p o em .
)
D aily I go a d iffe re nt p at h .

S om e t im e s int o t he g re e n w o o d , so m e t im e s t o t he b at h in t he
sp ring ;
O r t o t he ro c ks w here t h e ro se s b l oom .

F rom t he t o p o f t h e b il l I l oo k ov e r t he l and ,
Yet no w he re , t ho u l ov e l y o ne , no w he re in t he l ight do I find
t he e ;

And in t he b re e z es my w o rd s die aw ay ,

T he sac re d w o rd s w h ich o nce w e h ad .

Aye t ho u art far aw ay O ho l y c o unt e nance !

, ,

And t he m e l o d y o f t hy l ife is k ep t from m e ,

N 0 l onge r ov e rhe ard And ah w h e re are

.
, ,

T hy m ag ic so ng s w h ich o nc e soo t he d m y h eart

W it h t e pe a e
h c o f H ve a e n ?

H o w l o ng it is, ho w l o ng !
T he y out h is age d ; t h e v e ry e art h it se l f, w h ich o nc e sm i e l d on me,
H as g ro w n d iffe re nt .

O h fare w el l !
, T he so u l of e ve ry day d ep art s , and, d epart ing ,

t u rns t o t he e

And ov e r t hee t h e re w e e ps
T he eye t h at , b ec om ing b righ t e r ,

Lo o k s d ow n ,

There w he re t hou t arriest .

444 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E U N CO N S C IO U S
Th is d ist inctly sugg e sts a r e nu nc iat io n an e nvy o f on e s ,
’

own youth th at t im e o f fr e e dom wh ich o ne would l ik e

,

to r e t ain through a d e e p root e d d isl ik e to al l duty and

-

e n d e avo r wh ich is d e n ie d an imm e d iat e pl e asur e r e w ard .

P ain st ak ing work for a lo ng t im e and for a r e mot e obj e ct

is no t in t h e natur e o f ch ild o r pr im it iv e m an I t is diffi .

cult to say if th is c an r e ally b e c all e d l az ine ss but it ,

s e e m s to h av e not a l ittl e in commo n w ith it in so far as ,

t h e p sych ic l if e o n a pr im it iv e st ag e b e it o f an in f ant il e ,

o r arch aic typ e p o ss e ss e s an e xtr e m e ine rt ia and ir r e

,

spo n s ib il ity in p roduct io n and non p roduct ion -

.

T h e l ast st anz a p ort e nds e v il , a g az ing tow ards t h e

o th e r l an d t h e d ist an t co ast o f su nr is e o r su ns e t ; lov e n o
,

lo ng e r holds t he po e t t h e b o n ds w ith t h e world are torn

,

and h e c alls loudly for a ss ist an c e to t h e moth e r

Ac hil l e s .

Lo rd l y so n o f t he G o d s ! B ec ause y ou r l ov e d o ne
yo u l o st ,

Y o u w e nt t o t he ro c k y c o ast an d c rie d al ou d t o t he fl o o d ,

T il l t he d ep t hs o f t h e ho l y ab yss h é ard and e choe d y o u r g rie f ,

F rom t he far re ach es o f y ou r heart D ow n d e ep d ow n .

, ,
far
fro m t h e c l am o r o f sh ip s,

D eep u nd e r t he w av e s in a p e ac e fu l c av e
, ,

D w e l t t he b e aut iful T he t is she w ho p ro t ec t e d

, yo u , t h e G o dd ess
of t h e S e a,
M o t he r o f t he y o ut h w as she ; t h e p ow e rful G o dd ess ,

S he w h o o nc e h ad l ov ing l y nu rse d h im ,
O n t he ro c ky f h is isl an d ; sh e w ho h ad m ad e h im a he ro
sh o re o

W it h t he m igh t o f h er st rengt hening b at h and t he p o w e rful so ng

o f t h e w aves .

And t h e m o t he r m o u rning he ark e ne d t o t he c ry

, , o f he r c h il d ,
And ro se l ik e a c l o u d fro m t h e b e d o f t h e se a
, , ,

S oo t h ing w it h d
t en e r e m b rac es t h e p ains of he r d arl ing ;
And he l ist e ne d , w h il e she , c are ssing , p ro m ise d t o so ft e n h is g rie f .
4 46 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E UN C ON S C I OU S
B u t w h e re D ang e r t h re at e ns

T he R esc u e r app e ars .

”

Th e s e words m e an th at t h e l ib ido h as no w su nk to t h e
low e st d e pth s wh e r e t he d ang e r is gr e at
, ( F au st .
,

P art I I M o th e r s c e ne ) Th e r e
,
t h e G od is n e ar
.

th e r e m an m ay fin d t h e inne r sun h is o wn n atur e sun , ,

l ik e and s e l f re ne w m g h idd e n in t h e moth e r wo m b l ik e

-
,
-

t h e sun in t h e nightt im e :

In C hasm s
And in d ark ne ss d w e l l
T he l
e ag e s ; an d fre sh an d fe arl e ssl y
T he S o ns o f t he A l ps p ass sw ift l y ov e r b
t h e a yss

U po n l igh t l y sw ing ing b rid ges .

W ith th e s e wo rds t h e d ark ph ant ast ic po e m p as s e s o n .

,
—
T h e e agl e t h e b ird o f t h e su n dw e lls in d ark ne ss t h e ,

l ib ido h as h idd e n its e l f but h igh ab ov e it t h e inh ab it ants

,

o f t h e m ou nt ain s p as s prob ably t h e gods

,
Y e are w alk
ing abov e in t h e l ight sy m bols o f t he sun w and e r ing
acro ss t h e sky l ik e t h e e agl e fly ing ov e r t h e d e pths
,

A b ov e and aro u n d are re are d

T he su m m it s o f T im e ,

And t h e l ov e d o ne s, t ho u g h n e ar,

L iv e on d e epl y se p arat e d m o u nt ains .

S o g iv e u s w at e rs o f inno c e nc e ,
And g iv e u s w ings o f t ru e u nd e rst and ing ,

Wit h w h ich t o p ass ac ro ss and t o re t u rn ag ain .

T he fi rst is a glo o m y p ictu r e o f t h e m o u nt ain s and o f

—
t im e alth o ugh c au se d by t h e sun w an d e r ing o v e r t h e
m o u nt ain s t h e foll o w in g p ictu r e a ne ar ne ss and at t h e
, ,
 THE S A C RI F I C E 44 7

s am e t im e s e p ar at io n o f t h e lov e rs and s e e ms to h int at

, ,

l if e in t h e u nd e rworld wh e r e h e is u nit e d w ith all th at

,
8

o nc e w as d e ar to him and ye t c ann ot e nj oy t h e h app ine ss

,

o f r e u nion b e c au s e it is al l sh adows and u nr e al and d e vo id

,

o f l if e H e r e t h e o ne who d e sc e nds dr inks t h e w at e rs o f

.

inn o c e nc e t h e w at e rs o f ch ildhood t h e dr ink o f re j uv e

, ,

n at io n so w ings m ay grow and w ing e d h e m ay so ar up

9
, , , ,

a g ain in to l if e l ik e t h e w ing e d sun wh ich ar is e s l ik e a

, ,

sw an from t he w at e r W ings to p as s acros s and to ,

r e turn ag ain

So I sp o ke , and lo, a g e nie

C arrie d me o ff, sw ift e r t h an I had im ag ine d ,
And fart he r t han ev e r I h ad t ho ught
F ro m my ow n ho use !
I t g rew d ark
As I w e nt in t he t w il ight .

T he shad ow y w oo d ,

And t he y e arning b roo k s o f my home -

l and
G rew v agu e b eh ind me
And I k new t he c o u nt ry no longe r .

A ft e r t he d ark and obscur e words o f t he introduct ion ,

wh e r e in t h e po e t e xp r e ss e s t he proph e cy o f wh at is to
com e t h e sun j our ne y b e g ins ( night j ou r ne y in t h e
,
“

se a tow ards t he e ast tow ards t h e asc e nt tow ards t h e

, ,

myst e ry o f e t e r nity and r e b irth o f wh ich N ie tz sch e also ,

dr e am s and wh ich h e e xp r e ss e d in s ign ific ant words

,

O h how c o ul d I no t b e ard e nt fo r e t e rnit y and fo r t he nup

—
_ , ,

t ial ring o f rings t h e ring o f t h e re t u rn ! N e v e r ye t h av e I

fo u nd t he w o m an fro m w h o m I w ish c h il d re n , u nl e ss she w o ul d
”
b e t h is w o m an w ho m I l ov e ; fo r I l o v e t he e O e t e rn it y ,
.
44 8 PSY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
H o lde rl in xp r e ss e s th is s am e lo ng ing in a b e aut iful
e

symbol , t he ind iv idu al tr aits o f wh ich are alr e ady f am il iar

to u s

B ut so o n in a fresh ra d ianc e
M y st e riousl y
B l ossom ing in go ld en sm o ke ,

Wit h t he rap id l y g row ing st eps o f t he sun ,

M ak ing a t ho usand summ it s fragrant ,

A sia arose !
And d az z l e d
, ,

I sough t o ne w hom I k new ;

F o r unfam il iar t o m e w e re t he b ro ad ro ad s ,

Whe re from T m ol us
C om e s t he g il d e d P ac t o l ,

And T au ru s st an d s and M essag is

And t he g ard e ns are fu l l o f fl o w e rs .

B u t h igh u p in t he l igh t
T he sil v e ry snow g l e am s, a si e nt l fi re ;
And , as a s y m b o l o f e t e rnal l ife ,

O n t he im pas sab l e w al ls ,

G row s t he anc ie nt iv y .
10

And c arrie d b y c o l um ns o f l iv ing c e d ars and l aurels

Are t h e sol em n d iv ine l y b u il t p al ac es
”
, .

T he symbol is apo c alypt ic t h e m at e r nal c ity in t he

,

l an d o f e t e r nal youth su rrou nd e d by t he v e rdur e and

,

fl ow e rs o f im p e r ish abl e spr ing T h e po e t ide nt ifi e s h im

.
1 1

s e lf h e r e w ith Joh n who l iv e d o n P atm o s who w as o nc e

, ,

t h e sun o f t h e H igh e st an d saw h im

“
a sso c iat e d w ith ,

f ac e to f ac e :

T he re at t h e M y st e ry
V ine t he y m e t
o f t he ,

at t h e h o u r o f t h e H o l y F e ast t h e y g at he re d
The re
And—
,

fe e l ing t he ap p ro ac h o f D e at h in his g re at q u ie t ,
sou l,
4 50 P S YC H OLO G Y O F T H E UN C ON S C I O US
ph all ic natur e o f t he instrum e nt wh ich is assoc iat e d with
’
t h e h e ro Tho r s h amm e r wh ich cl e av ing t h e e arth
.
, , ,

p e ne tr at e s d e e ply into it m ay b e co m p ar e d to t h e fo ot o f
,

K aine us T h e h am m e r is r e t ain e d in t h e int e r io r o f t he

.

e arth ,
l ik e t h e tr e asu r e and in t h e cou rs e o f t im e it
, , ,

gr adu ally com e s ag ain to t he su r f ac e t h e tr e asu r e

m e aning th at it w as bor n ag ain from t h e

e arth .
( Comp a r e wh a t h as b e e n s aid co n c e r n in g t h e

e tymology o f sw e ll ing O n m any m o nu m e nts M it hr a

.

holds a p e cul iar obj e ct in h is h ands wh ich Cumo nt com ,

p ar e s to a h alf fill e d tub e D ie t e r ich p rov e s fro m h is

-
.

p apyrus t e xt th at t h e obj e ct is t he should e r o f t h e bull ,

t h e b e ar co n st e ll at io n T h e should e r h as an ind ir e ct
.

ph all ic m e aning fo r it is t h e p art wh ich is w ant ing in

,

P e lop s P e lop s w as sl aught e r e d by h is f ath e r T ant alu s

“

.
, ,

d ism e mb e r e d and bo il e d in a k e ttl e to m ak e a m e al fo r

, ,

t h e gods D e m e t e r h ad u nsu sp e ct ingly e at e n t he should e r

.

from th is f e ast wh e n Z e u s d iscov e r e d t h e outr ag e H e

, .

h ad t h e p ie c e s thrown b ack into t h e k e ttl e and w ith t h e , ,

h e lp o f t h e l if e d isp e nsing Clotho P e lop s w as r e g e n

-

e rat e d and t he should e r wh ich w as m iss ing w as r e pl ac e d

,

by an ivory o ne Th is sub st it ut io n is a clos e p ar all e l t o

.

t h e subst itut ion o f t h e m iss ing ph allus o f O s ir is M ithr a .

is r e p r e s e nt e d in a sp e c ial c e r e mo ny hold ing t h e bull s

’
,

should e r ov e r S ol his so n and v ic e r e g e nt Th is sc e ne

,
-
.

m ay b e comp ar e d to a sort o f d e d ic at io n o r accol ad e ,

( so m e th in g l ik e t h e c e r e mo ny o f co n firm at io n ) T h e .

blow o f t h e h amm e r as a g e ne r at ing fru c t ify ing inspir , ,

in g fu n ct io n is r e t aine d as a fo lk cu st o m and e xpr e ss e d -

by str ik ing w ith t he tw ig o f l if e wh ich h as t he s ignific anc e

,
 TH E S AC R I F I C E 45 1

of a ch arm o f f e rt il ity I n t he ne u ro s e s t he s e xu al m e an
.
,

ing o f c ast ig at io n pl ays an im po rt ant p ar t fo r am o ng ,

m any ch ildr e n c a s t ig at io n m ay e l ic it a s e xu al o rg asm .

T h e r itu al act o f str ik ing h as t h e s am e s ig nific anc e o f

g e ne r at ing ( fru ct ify ing ) and is ind e e d m e r e ly a v ar iant
, , ,

o f t he o r ig inal ph all ic c e r e m o nial O f s im il ar ch ar act e r .

to t h e bull s should e r is t h e clov e n hoo f o f t h e d e v il to

’
,

wh ich a s e xu al m e aning also app e rt ain s T h e ass s j aw .

’

bo ne w ie ld e d by S am so n h as t he s am e wo rth I n t he .

P olyne s ian M au i m yth t h e j awbo ne t h e w e apo n o f t h e ,

h e ro is d e r iv e d fro m t h e m an e at ing wo m an M u r i
,
-

r ang a wh e nu a whos e body sw e lls up e nor m ou sly fro m

-

lu st ing fo r hu m an fl e sh ( F rob e niu s ) H e rcul e s club is .

’

m ad e from t h e wood o f t h e m at e r n al ol iv e tr e e F aust s ’

.

ke y also k nows t h e m o th e rs T h e l ib id o Spr ings fr o m

.

t h e m oth e r and w ith th is w e apo n alo ne can m an ov e r

,

co m e d e ath .

I t co rr e sp o nds to t h e ph all ic n atu r e o f th e as s s j aw ’

b o ne th at at t he pl ac e wh e r e S am so n thr e w it G od c au s e d
,

a spr ing t o gu sh fo rth ( spr i gs fro h h rs s tr d

1 2 ’
n m t e o e e a ,

footst e ps h o rs e s hoo f) To th is r e l at i o n o f m e anings

,
’
.

b e lo ngs t he m ag ic w and t h e sc e ptr e in g e ne r al , .

E u mrr p o v b e lo ngs to ( M a rc o s ti n ny{d u ru

m fi b u u a w ,
-

'

st aff; o u nu r o g st o r m w in d ; L at in s c apus sh aft

'

- 2 :
,

stock sc apul a should e r ; O ld H igh G e rm an S c aft

, ,

sp e ar l an c e
, W e m e e t o nc e m or e in th is comp il at io n
.
1 3

th o s e co nne c t io ns wh ich are alr e ady w e ll know n to u s :

Sun ph allus as tub e o f t h e w inds l anc e and should e r
-
,

bl ad e .

T h e p ass ag e fr o m As ia thr o ugh P at m o s to t h e Chr is

45 2 PSY CH OLOGY OF TH E U N C ON S C I O US
t ian myst e r ie s in t h e po e m o f H o l de rl in is app ar e ntly a
sup e rfic ial co nne ct io n but in r e al ity a v e ry ing e niou s tr ain
,

o f thought ; nam e ly t he e n tr an c e into d e ath and t h e l and

,

b e yo nd as a s e l f sac rifice o f t h e h e ro for t h e att ainm e nt

-
,

o f im m ort al ity At th is t im e wh e n t h e sun h as se t wh e n

.
, ,

lov e is app ar e ntly d e ad m an aw aits in myst e r iou s j oy

,

t h e r e n e w al o f al l l if e

And Joy it w as
F rom no w o n

T o l iv e in t h e l ov ing n igh t and se e

T he e y es o f innoc e nc e h o l d t he unc h ang ing

D e p t hs o f al l w isd om .

W isdom dw e lls in t h e d e pths t h e w isdo m o f t he moth e r

,

b e ing o ne w ith it ins ight is obt aine d into t h e m e aning

,

o f d e e p e r th ings into all t he d e po s its o f pr im it iv e t im e s

, ,

t h e str at a o f wh ich h av e b e e n p r e s e rv e d in t he soul .

H o l de rlin in h is d is e as e d e cst asy f e e ls o n c e mor e t he

, ,

gr e at ne ss o f t he th ings s e e n but he do e s no t c ar e to b r ing

,

up to t he l ight o f d ay th at wh ich h e h ad found in t he

d e pths —in th is h e d iffe rs from F au st .

And it is no t an e v i l , if a few
Are l ost and nev e r fo u nd , and if t he spe ech
C o nce al s t he l iv ing d; so u n

B ec ause e ac h g o d l y w o rk resem b l es o u rs ;
And ye t t he H ighest d o e s no t p l an it all
T h e g re at p it b e ars t w o iro ns ,

And t h e gl o w ing l av a o f A e t na .

Wo ul d I h ad t h e pow e r
T o b u il d an im ag e and se e t he S p irit
”
S ee it as it w as !
45 4 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E UN C ON S C I O U S
w h o in his ch ildhoo d w as m e r e ly an atom r e volv ing in
a rot ary syst e m ,
to b e co m e h im s e lf t h e c e ntr e o f a n e w
syst e m Th at su ch a st e p impl ie s t h e solut io n or at l e as t
.
, ,

t h e e ne rg e t ic tr e atm e n t o f t h e ind iv idu al s e xu al p robl e m

’

is obv iou s fo r u nl e ss th is is do n e t h e u ne m ploy e d l ib ido

,

w ill ine xor ably r e m ain fix e d in t h e in c e stuou s bo nd and ,

w ill p r e v e nt ind iv idu al fr e e d o m in e ss e nt ial m att e rs L e t

'

u s k e e p in m ind th at Chr ist s t e ach ing s e p ar at e s m an fro m

’

h is fam ily w it hout co n s id e r at io n and in t h e t alk w ith

,

N icod e m u s w e saw t he sp e c ific e nd e av o r o f Chr ist to pro

cu r e activ at io n o f t h e in c e st l ib id o B o th t e nd e n c ie s s e rv e
.

t h e s am e go al — t h e l ib e r at io n o f m an ; t h e Je w fro m his

e xtr ao rd in a ry fix at io n to t h e f am ily wh ich do e s n o t im ply

,

h igh e r d e v e lop m e nt but gr e at e r w e akne ss and m or e un

,

co ntr o ll e d in c e stu o u s fe e l in g p rodu c e d t h e c o m p e n s at io n

,

o f t h e co m puls o ry c e r e m o nial o f t h e cult and t h e re

‘

l ig io u s f e ar o f t h e in comp r e h e ns ibl e J e hov ah Wh e n .

m an t e rr ifi e d by n o l aws an d no fu r iou s f an at ics o r

,

proph e t s allows h is in c e stu ou s l ib id o full pl ay and do e s

, ,

n o t l ib e r at e it fo r h igh e r pu rpo se s th e n h e is u n d e r t he
,

in flu e n c e o f u n co n sc iou s co m puls io n F o r compul sio n is

.

t h e u n co n sc iou s w ish .
( F r e u d ) H e is u n d e r t h e do m i
n an c e o f t h e l ib ido e zy a p /xé V 77 and his d e s t iny do e s no t
'
*

lie in his o wn h ands ; his a dv e ntu r e s T é xa z u a l M a m ,

a 1
1 /
,

fall fro m t h e s t a rs . H is u n co n sc ious in c e stu ous l ib ido ,

wh ich thu s is appl ie d in it s m os t pr im it iv e fo r m fix e s t h e ,

m an as r e g ards his l o v e typ e in a co rr e spo nd ing pr im i

, ,

t iv e s t ag e t h e st ag e o f u ng o v e r n abl e ne ss and su rr e n d e r
,

to t h e e m ot io n s S uch was t h e p sych o l o g ic s it u at io n o f

.

F at e .
TC h anc e s an d fat es .
 TH E S AC R I F I C E 455

t he p ass ing ant iqu ity and t he R e d e e m e r and P hys ic ian

,

o f th at t im e w as h e who e nd e av o r e d to e duc at e m an to
t h e subl im at io n o f t h e in c e stuou s l ib ido T h e d e st ruc 1 5

t io n o f sl av e ry w as t h e ne c e ss ary co nd i t i o n o f th at sub
l im at io n for ant iqu ity h ad no t ye t r e cogniz e d t h e duty
,

o f wo rk and work as a duty as a soc ial ne e d o f fu nd a ,

m e nt al im port anc e S l av e l abor w as compulso ry wo rk

.
,

t h e cou nt e rp art o f t h e e qu ally d is astrou s compuls ion o f

t h e l ib ido o f t h e p r iv il e g e d I t w as o nly t h e obl ig at ion

.

o f t he ind iv idu al to work wh ich m ad e p o ss ibl e in t h e

lo ng run th at r e gul ar dr ain ag e o f t he u nconsc ious ,

wh ich w as inu nd at e d by t he co nt inu al r e gr e ss io n o f t he

l ib ido I ndol e nc e is t h e b e g in ning o f al l v ic e b e c au s e
.
,

in a co nd it ion o f sloth ful dr e am ing t h e l ib ido h as

abu nd an t opportu nity fo r s ink ing into its e l f in o rd e r to ,

cr e at e co m pulsory obl ig at io ns by m e ans o f r e gr e ss iv e ly re

anim at e d in c e stuou s bo nds T h e b e st l ib e r at io n is
.

through re g ul ar w o rk Wo rk how e v e r is s alv at io n

.
1 6
, ,

o nly wh e n it is a fr e e act and h as in its e l f n oth ,

ing o f in f ant il e co m puls io n I n th is r e sp e ct r e l ig iou s

.
,

c e r e m o ny app e ars in a h igh d e gr e e as o rg ani z e d in ac t iv

it y and at t h e s am e t im e as t h e fo r e ru nn e r o f m od e r n
,

work .

M iss M ill e r s v is io n tr e ats t h e p robl e m o f t he s acr i

’

fice o f t h e in fant il e l o ng ing in t h e fi rst pl ac e as an ind i

, ,

v idu al probl e m but if we c ast a gl anc e at t h e form o f

,

th is pr e s e nt at io n th e n we w ill b e com e aw ar e th at h e r e it
,

m ust conc e r n som e th ing wh ich is al so a p robl e m o f hu

,

manity in ge ne r al F or t h e sym bols e m ploy e d t he se r

.
,

p e nt wh ich k ill e d t he h o rs e and t h e h e ro volu nt ar ily

4 5 6 PS YCH OLOGY OF TH E U N C O N S C I O US
s acr ifi c ing h im s e l f are pr im it iv e figur e s o f ph ant a
,

s ie s and r e l ig iou s m yths str e am in g up fro m t h e unc o n

s c iou s .

I n so far as t h e world and al l w ith in it is ab ov e all , ,

a thought wh ich is cr e d it e d w ith tr ansc e nd e nt al sub

,

st an c e through t he e mp ir ic al ne e d o f t h e s am e th e r e ,

r e sults from t h e s acr ific e o f t he r e gr e ss iv e l ib ido t h e cr e a

t io n o f t h e world ; and p sycholog ic ally sp e ak ing t h e world
, ,

in g e n e r al F or h im who looks b ackw ard t he world and

.
,

e v e n t h e infi nit e st arry sky is t h e moth e r who b e nds 1 8

,

ov e r and e nclo s e s him o n all s id e s and from t he r e nu n ,

c iat io n o f th is id e a and from t h e lo n g ing for th is id e a

a r is e s t h e im ag e o f t h e world F rom th is most s impl e .

fu nd am e nt al thought wh ich p e rh ap s app e ars str ang e to

,

u s o nly b e c au s e it is co nc e iv e d accord ing to t he principl e

o f d e sire and no t t h e r sults h
i i l f li 1 9
p r n c p e o re a t y e t e ,

s ignific anc e o f t h e co s m ic s acr ifi c e A good e x ampl e o f .

th is is t he sl ay ing o f t h e B abylo nian p r im it iv e moth e r

T iam at t h e dr ago n whos e body is d e st ine d to form t he
, ,

h e av e n and t he e arth W e com e upo n th is thought in it s

.

most co m pl e t e for m in H indoo ph il o sophy o f t h e m ost

an c ie nt d at e ; n am e ly in so ngs o f R igv e d a
, I n R igv e d a .

I O : 8 1 4, t h e song
,
in qu ir e s

What w as t he t re e , w h at w oo d in so o t h p ro d uc e d it , fro m w h ic h
t he y fash io ne d out t h e e art h an d h e av e n ?
Ye t h o u g h t fu l m e n in qu i re w it h in y o ur sp irit , w h ereo n he st o o d
”
w hen he e st a b l ishe d al l t h ing s .

Vigv akarm an , t he
All Cr e ato r w h o cr e at e d
-

, t he world
fro m t h e u nknow n tr e e d id so as follows :
,
45 8 PSY CH OLOGY OF TH E U N C ON S C I O US
ph ant ast ic co nc e pt io n th at b e sid e t h e g o d s o rd inary
, ,

w ise m e n u nit e in s acr ific ing t h e p r im it iv e b e ing asid e ,

fro m t h e c ircu m st an c e th at b e sid e t h e p r im it iv e b e ing

, ,

n oth ing h ad e x ist e d in t h e b e g inn in g ( th at is to s a b e for e

y ,

t h e s acr ific e ) as w e sh all so o n se e

, I f t h e gr e at m ys t e ry
.

o f t h e m oth e r s acr ifi c e is m e an t th e r e by th e n al l b e com e s ,

cl e ar

F rom t h at g re at g e ne ra l fi
sac ri c e

T he d ripp ing fat w as g at he re d up .

H e fo rm e d t h e c re at u re s o f t h e air ,

An d an im al s b o t h w il d and t am e .

F ro m t h at g re at g e ne ral sac rifi c e

Ric h as an d S am a hym ns w e re b o rn ;
-

T he re fro m t hem e t re s w e re p ro d u c e d ,
T he Y aj u s had it s b irt h fro m it .

T h e m o o n w as g e nd e re d fro m h is m ind
An d fro m h is e ye t h e S u n h ad b irt h ;
I n d ra and A g ni from h is m o u t h
W e re b o rn and V ay u fro m h is b reat h
,
.

Fo rt h fro m h is n av e l c am e m id air ;
T h e sky w as fash io ne d fro m h is h e ad ;
E art h fro m h is fe e t , and fro m h is e ars

T he re g io n s . T hu s t h e y fo rm e d t he w o rl d s .

I t is e v id e nt th at by th is is m e ant phys ic al but a no t a ,

p sych o l o g ic al c o s m og o ny T h e w o rld ar ise s wh e n m an

.

d iscov e r s it H e d iscov e rs it wh e n h e s acr ific e s t h e

.

m o t h e r ; th at is to say wh e n h e h as fr e e d h im s e l f fro m
,

t h e m id st o f h is u n co n sc io u s ly ing in t h e m oth e r Th at .

wh ich im p e l s him fo rw ard t o th is d iscov e ry m ay b e in

t e rp re t e d psych o log ic ally as t h e so c all e d I nc e st b ar
-
 TH E S AC R I F I C E 59

r ie r o f F r e ud T h e inc e st p roh ib it io n pl ac e s an e nd to
.

t h e ch ild ish lo ng ing fo r t h e food g iv ing m oth e r and c o m

-
,

p e l s t h e l ib ido gr adu ally b e co m ing s e xu al into t h e p ath

, ,

o f t h e b iolog ic al aim T h e l ib ido fo rc e d aw ay fro m t h e

.

m oth e r by t h e in c e st p roh ib it io n s e e ks fo r t h e s e xu al o h
j c e t in t h e pl ac e o f t h e fo rb idd e n m o t h e r I n th is w id e r .

p sycholog ic s e n s e wh ich e xpr e ss e s its e l f in t h e all e gor ic

l angu ag e o f t h e inc e st p roh ib it io n m oth e r
,
N H
etc , .
,

m u st b e u nd e r stood F r e u d s p ar adox ic al s e nt e n c e
’
O r ig ,

”
in al ly w e h av e k n ow n o nly s e xu al obj e cts Th is se n .
21

t e n c e m u st b e u nd e rstood p sycholog ic ally throughout in ,

t h e s e n s e o f a world im ag e cr e at e d fr o m w ith in out

w ards wh ich h as in t he first pl ac e noth ing to do w ith

, , ,

t h e so c all e d
-
obj e ct iv e id e a o f t he world Th is is to .

b e u nd e r stood as a n e w e d i t i o n o f t h e subj e ct iv e id e a o f
t h e wo rld corr e ct e d by r e al ity B iolo gy as a sc ie n c e o f
.
,

obj e ct iv e e x p e r ie n c e would h av e to r e j e ct u n co n d it io n
,

ally F r e u d s p ropo s it io n for as w e h av e m ad e cl e ar

’
, ,

abov e t h e fu n ct io n o f r e al ity c an o n ly b e p artly s e xu al ;

,

in an oth e r e qu ally im p ort an t p art it is s e l f p r e s e rv at io n -

.

Th e m att e r app e ars d iffe r e nt fo r th at thought wh ich ac

co m p anie s t h e b iolog ic al fu nct io n as an e p iph e no m e no n .

As far as ou r kn owl e dge r e ach e s t he in d iv idu al ac t o f

,

thought is d e p e nd e nt wholly o r in gr e at e st p art o n t he

e x ist e n c e o f a h ighly d if fe r e nt iat e d br ain wh e r e as t h e ,

fu n c t io n o f r e al ity ( ad apt at io n to r e al it y ) is so m e th ing

wh ich o ccurs in al l l iv ing n atur e as wh o lly ind e p e n d e n t
fro m t he act o f thought Th is im po rt ant p ropos it io n o f
.

F r e ud s appl ie s o nly t o t h e act o f though t fo r th ink ing

’
, ,

a s w e m ay r e cogniz e fro m m anifold tr ac e s ar o s e dyn am i ,

4 60 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E UN C ON S C I O US
c ally fr o m t h e l ib ido wh ich w as spl it o ff fro m t h e or ig inal
,

o bj e ct at t h e inc e st b arr ie r an d b e c am e actu al wh e n

t h e fi rst budd ing s e xu al e m o t io n s b e g an to fl ow in t h e

cu rr e nt o f t h e l ib ido wh ich go e s to t h e m oth e r Through .

t h e in c e st b arr ie r t h e s e xu al l ib ido is forc e d aw ay from t h e

id e nt ific at io n w ith t h e p ar e nt s and introv e rt e d fo r l ack

,

o f ad e qu at e act iv ity . I t is t he s e xu al l ib ido wh ich forc e s

t h e grow ing ind iv idu al sl o wly aw ay fro m h is f am ily If .

t h is n e c e s s it y d id n o t e x ist th e n t h e fam ily would alw ays

,

r e m ain clu st e r e d tog e t h e r in a so l id gr o up H e nc e t h e .

ne urot ic alw ays r e n ou n c e s a co m pl e t e e r o t ic e xp e r ie n c e ,

in o rd e r th at h e m ay r e m ain a ch ild P h ant as ie s s e e m to

.

ar ise fro m t h e in tr o v e r sio n o f t h e s e xu al l ib ido S inc e t he .

first ch ild ish ph ant as ie s m o st c e rt ainly d o no t att ain t h e

q u a lit y o f a co n sc iou s p l a n a n
, d a s ph an t a s ie s l ik e w i s e ( e v e n

am o n g adults re al m o st alw ays t h e d ir e ct d e r iv at e s o f

) a

t h e u n co n sc io us it is th e r e for e h ighly p r o b abl e th at t h e

, , ,

fi rst ph ant ast ic m anif e st at io n s ar is e fro m an act o f re

g re ss io n . As w e illustr a t e d e a rl ie r t h e r e gr e,
ss io n go e s
b ack to t h e p r e s e xu al st ag e as m any t r ac e s S how H e r e
,
.

t h e s e xu al l ib ido obt ain s ag ain so to sp e ak th at u niv e rs al

, ,

c ap ac ity o f appl ic at io n or c ap ac ity fo r d ispl ac e m e nt

, ,

wh ich it actu ally p oss e ss e d at th at st ag e wh e n t h e s e xu al

appl ic at io n w as n o t e t d i scov e r e d N a t u r a lly n o ad e
y .
,

qu at e O bj e ct is fou nd in t h e p r e se xu al st ag e fo r t h e r e gr e s
siv e s e xu al l ib id o b u t o nly surr o g at e s wh ic h alw ay s l e av e
, ,

a w ish ; n am e ly t h e w ish t o h av e t h e su rr o g at e as s im il ar
,

a s p o ss ibl e t o t h e se xu al g o al Th is w ish is s e cr e t how

.
,

e ve r , fo r it is r e ally an in c e st w ish T h e u n s at isfi e d un

.

co nsc ious w ish cr e at e s innu m e r abl e s e cond ary obj e cts ,

4 62 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E U N C ON S C I O U S
m ad e g ainst th is ad apt at ion in t h e fi rst pl ac e Th e r e
a .

for e th is p e r iod o f l ife is also t h at in wh ich t h e first

,

cl e arly d e v e lop e d ne uro s e s ar is e T h e t e nd e n cy o f t h is .

ag e is o ne d ir e c t ly oppo s e d to t h at o f d e m e nt ia pr aec o x .

Th e ch ild s e e ks to w in t h e world and to l e av e t h e m oth e r

( th i s is a n e c e s s a ry r e sul t ) T h e d e m e n t i
.a p r a
e c o x p a

t ie nt how e v e r s e e ks to l e av e t h e wo rld and to r e g ain t he

, ,

subj e ct iv ity o f ch ildhood W e h av e s e e n th at in de

.

m e nt ia p r ae cox t h e r e c e nt ad apt at io n to r e al ity is r e pl ac e d

by an arch aic mod e o f ad apt at io n ; th at is to say t he ,

r e c e nt id e a o f t he world is r e j e ct e d in f avo r o f an arch aic

id e a o f t h e world Wh e n t he ch ild r e nounc e s his t ask o f
.

ad apt at io n to r e al ity o r h as co ns id e r abl e diflicul t ie s in

,

th is d ir e ct io n th e n w e m ay e xp e ct th at t h e r e c e nt ad ap t a
,

t io n w ill ag ain b e r e pl ac e d by arch aic m od e s o f ad apt a

t ion I t would th e r e fo r e b e co nc e iv abl e th at through
.
, ,

r e gr e ss io n in ch ildr e n arch aic p roducts would n atu r ally

b e u ne arth e d ; th at is to say old w ays o f fu nct ion ing o f ,

t h e thought syst e m wh ich is inbor n w ith t h e b r ain d if

,

fe re nt iat io n would b e aw ak e ne d
, .

Accord ing to m y av ail abl e but as ye t u npubl ish e d m a

t e rial a r e m ark ably arch aic and at t h e s am e t im e g e n
,

e rall y appl ic abl e ch ar act e r s e e ms to app e rt ain to in f ant il e

ph ant asy qu it e co m p ar abl e w ith t h e p rodu cts o f d e m e n

,

t ia p r aecox I t do e s n o t s e e m im p rob abl e t h at through

.

r e gr e ss ion at th is ag e thos e s am e assoc iat io ns o f e l e m e nts

and analog ie s are r e aw ak e ne d wh ich fo r m e rly const itut e d

t h e arch aic id e a o f t h e world Wh e n w e no w att e mpt to

.

inv e st ig at e t h e n atur e o f th e s e e l e m e nts a gl anc e at t h e

'

p sychology o f m y t hs is su ffic ie nt to S how us th at t he

 TH E S AC R I F I C E 4 63

a rch aic id e a w as ch ie fly s e xu al anthropomorph ism I t ap .

p e ars th at th e s e th ings in t h e u n co nsc iou s ch ild ish ph an

t asy pl ay an e xtr ao rd inary rOl e as w e c an r e cogniz e
,

fro m ex am pl e s t ak e n at r ando m Just as t he s e xu al ism o f

.

n e u ros e s is no t to b e t ak e n l it e r ally but as r e gr e ss iv e ph an

t asy and symbol ic co m p e ns at io n for a r e c e nt u nach ie v e d
a d apt at io n ,
so is t h e s e xu al ism o f t h e e arly in fant il e
ph ant asy e sp e c ially t h e inc e st p robl e m a r e gr e ss iv e
, ,

p roduct o f t he r e v iv al o f t he arch aic m od e s o f fu nct ion ,

outw e igh ing actu al ity O n th is accou nt I h av e e xp r e ss e d

.

mys e lf v e ry v agu e ly in th is work I am su r e in r e g ard to

, ,

t h e in c e st probl e m Th is is do ne in o rd e r no t to b e re
.

spo ns ibl e fo r t he id e a th at I u nd e rst and by it a gro ss

s e xu al incl inat io n tow ards t h e p ar e nts Th e tru e f acts.

o f t h e c as e are much mor e compl ic at e d as my inv e st ig a ,

t io ns po int out O r ig inally inc e st prob ably ne v e r p o s

.

s e s s e d p art icul arly gr e at s ignifi c anc e as su ch b e c au s e ,

coh ab it at ion w ith an old wom an fo r all p oss ibl e mot iv e s

could h ardly b e p r e f e rr e d to m at ing w ith a you ng wom an .

I t s e e ms th at t he moth e r h as acqu ir e d inc e stuou s sig

nificance only p sycholog ic ally . Thus for e x ampl e t he
, ,

inc e stuous u nions o f ant iqu ity w e r e no t a r e sult o f a lov e

in cl inat io n but o f a sp e c ial sup e rst it io n wh ich is mo st
, ,

int im at e ly b ou nd up w ith t h e myth ic al id e as h e r e tr e at e d .

A P h ar aoh o f t he s e co nd dynasty is s aid to h av e m ar

r ie d his s ist e r his d aught e r and his gr andd aught e r ; t h e
,

P tol e m ie s w e r e accu sto m e d also to marr iag e w ith sis

t e rs ; K amb yse s m arr ie d his s ist e r ; Art ax e rx e s m arr ie d
h is two d aught e rs ; Q ob ad I ( s ixth c e ntu ry A D ) m ar . .

r ie d his d aught e r T h e S atr ap Sysim it h re s m arr ie d h is

.
4 64 PS YC H OLOG Y OF TH E UN C ON S C I O US
moth e r Th e s e inc e stuous u nions are e xpl aine d by t he
.

c ircumst anc e th at in t h e Z e nd Av e st a t h e m arr iag e o f r e l a

t iv e s w as d ir e ctly comm and e d ; it e mph as iz e d t h e re
23

s e mbl anc e o f rul e rs to t h e d iv inity and th e r e for e w as

, , ,

m or e o f an art ific ial th an a n atu r al ar r ang e m e nt b e c au s e ,

it or ig in at e d mor e from a th e or e t ic al th an from a b io

log ic al incl in at io n ( A pr act ic al imp e tu s tow ards th at l ay
.

o ft e n in t h e p e cul iar l aws o f inh e r it anc e l e ft ov e r from t h e

M ut t e r r e c h t,
m at e r n al r ight [m atr iarch al ] p e r iod )
'

, .

T h e con fu s io n wh ich c e rt ainly fr e qu e ntly involv e d t he

b arb ar ians o f ant iqu ity in r e g ard to t h e cho ic e o f th e ir
s e xu al obj e cts c an not v e ry w e ll b e m e asur e d by t h e st and
ard o f pr e s e nt d ay lov e psycholo g y
-
I n any c as e t he
.
,

inc e st o f t h e s e m i anim al p ast is in no w ay p ropo rt io nat e

-

to t h e e normou s s ignifi c anc e o f t h e inc e st ph ant asy amo ng

c iv il iz e d p e opl e Th is d isp roport io n e n fo rc e s t he as
.

su m pt io n th at t h e inc e st p roh ib it ion wh ich we m e e t e v e n

amo ngst r e l at iv e ly low e r r ac e s co n c e r ns r ath e r t h e myth i

c al id e as th an t h e b iolog ic al d am ag e ; th e r e for e t he ,

e thn ic al p roh ib it io n almost alw ays co n c e r n s t h e moth e r

and s e ldom t h e f ath e r I nc e st proh ib it io n c an b e und e r

.

stood th e r e for e as a r e sult o f r e gr e ss io n and as t h e

, , ,

r e sult o f a l ib id inou s anx ie ty wh ich r e gr e ss iv e ly att acks

,

t h e moth e r . N atur ally it is d iffi cult o r im po ss ibl e to

,

say fro m wh e n c e th is anx ie ty m ay h av e com e I m e r e ly

.

v e ntur e to sugge st th at it m ay h av e b e e n a qu e st io n o f a
pr im it iv e s e p ar at io n o f t h e p airs o f o ppos it e s wh ich are
h idd e n in t h e w ill o f l if e : t h e w ill fo r l ife and fo r d e ath .

I t r e m ain s obscu r e wh at ad apt at io n t he p r im it iv e m an

tr ie d t o e v ad e through int rov e r sio n and r e gr e ssio n to t h e
4 66 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I OUS
I n t he
s am e m anne r th at t h e world or i g inat e d through
s acr ifi c e through t he r e nu nc iat io n o f t h e r e tro sp e ct iv e
,

m oth e r l ib ido thus acc o rd ing to t h e t e ach ings o f t h e

, ,

U p anish ads is p rodu c e d t h e n e w co n d it io n o f m an wh ich

, ,

m ay b e t e r m e d t h e im m o rt al Th is ne w co nd it io n is .

ag ain att ain e d through a s a cr ific e ; n am e ly through t h e ,

s acr ific ial hors e wh ich is giv e n a cos m ic s ignific anc e in t h e

t e ach in g o f t h e U p an ish ads Wh at t h e s ac r ific ial hors e .

m e an s is told by B rih ad aranyaka U p anish ad I I -

I . d aw n is t rul y t he h e ad o f t he sac rifi c ial ho rse t he sun

T he ,

h is e ye t he w in d h is b re at h h is m o u t h t he al l sp re ad ing fi re t h e
, ,
-

y e ar is t h e b o d y o f t he sac rifi c ial ho rse T he sky is h is b ac k t he .

,

at m o sp h e re h is b o d y c av it y t h e e art h t h e v au l t o f h is b e l l y t h e
, ,

p o l e s are h is sid es t h e sp ac e b e t w e e n t h e p o l e s h is rib s t h e se aso ns

, ,

h is l im b s t h e m o nt hs an d h al f m o nt hs h is j o int s d ay and n igh t

,
-
,

h is fe e t t he st ars h is b o ne s t h e c l o u d s h is fl esh t h e fo o d w h ic h he
, , , ,

d igest s are t he d ese rt s ; t h e riv e rs h is v e ins ; l iv e r and l u ng s t h e

, , ,

m o u nt ains t h e he rb s and t re e s h is h air ; t he rising su n is h is fo re ,

p art t h e se t t ing su n h is h in d p art W he n he sho w s h is t e e t h t h at

-
.
, ,

is l igh t n ing ; w h e n he t re m b l e s t h at is t hu nd e r ; w h e n he u rinat e s , ,

t h at is rain ; h is v o ic e is sp e ec h .

“
2T h e day, in
. t ru t h h as, o rig in at e d fo r t he h o rse as t he

sac rifi c ial d ish , w h ic h st an d s b e fo re h im ; h is c rad l e is in t h e w o rl d

se a t o w ar s t h e d E ast ; t h e n igh t h as o rig inat e d fo r h im as t he sac
r ifi c ial d ish d s b eh in d h im ; it s c rad l e is in t h e w o rl d se a
, w h ic h st an
-

o f t h e e v e n ing ; t h e se t w o d ish e s o rig in at e d in o rd e r t o su rro u n d

t h e h o rse As a c h arg e r he g e ne rat e d t h e g o d s as c h am p io n h e

.
,

p r o d u c e d t h e G an d h arv as as a r ac e r t h e d e m o ns
,
as h o rse m an ,

”
k ind T he O c e an is h is re l at iv e t he o c e an h is c rad l e
.
, .

As De u sse n r e m arks ,
t he s acr ific ial h o rs e h as t h e S ig

n ificance o f a r e nu nc ia t o n i o f the u niv e rse Wh e n. t he

hors e is s acr ific e d th e n ,

t he world is s acr ific e d and de
 THE S AC R I F I C E 4 67

stroy e d as it ,
—
w e r e a tr ain o f thought wh ich S chop e n
h au e r also h ad in m ind and wh ich app e ars as a p roduct o f ,

a d is e a s e d m in d in S c h re b e r T h e h o rs e in t h e abov e .
26

t e xt st ands b e tw e e n two s acr ific ial v e ss e ls fro m o ne o f ,

wh ich it co m e s and to t he oth e r o f Wh ich it go e s ju st as ,

t h e sun p ass e s fro m m or ning to e v e ning T h e hors e .

,

th e r e for e s ignifi e s t h e l ib id o wh ich h as p ass e d into t h e

, ,

world W e p r e v iously saw th at t he m oth e r l ib ido

.

mu st b e s acr ific e d in ord e r to p roduc e t h e world ; h e r e t h e

world is d e stroy e d by t h e r e p e at e d s acr ific e o f t h e s am e
l ib ido wh ich o nc e b e lo ng e d to t he m oth e r T h e ho rs e
, .

c an th e r e for e b e sub st itut e d as a sy m bol for th is l ib ido

, , ,

b e c au s e as w e saw it h ad m anifold co nne ct io ns w it h

, ,

t h e m oth e r T h e s acr ifi c e o f t h e hors e c an o nly

27
.

p roduc e anoth e r st at e o f introv e rs io n wh ich is sim ,

il ar to th at b e fo r e t h e cr e at io n o f t h e world T he .

po s it io n o f t h e hors e b e tw e e n t h e two v e ss e ls wh ich re p ,

r e s e nt t h e produ c ing and t h e d e vou r ing moth e r h int at ,

t h e id e a o f l if e e n clo s e d in t h e ovu m ; th e r e for e t h e v e s ,

s e ls are d e st ine d to su rrou nd t h e ho rs e Th at th is .

is actu ally so t he B rih ad aranyaka U p anish ad 3 3 p rov e s -

I . F rom w he re h av e t he d escend ant s o f P ariksh it c o m e t hat ,

I ask t hee Y aj nav al k y a ! F ro m w h e re c am e t h e d e sc e nd ant s o f

,

P ariksh it ?

2 . Y aj nav al k y a k
sp a e :
‘
H e h as to ld t he e , t he y h av e c om e

fro m w h e re a ll c ome , w ho offe r u p t he sac ri c ial fi ho rse . T hat is

t o say , t h is w o rl d ex t en ds so far as t w o an d t h irt y d ay s o f t h e
c h ario t o f t he G o d s ( t he su n ) re ac h . T his ( w o rl d ) su rro u nd s
t h e e art h t w ic e aro u n d T his e art h
. su rro u n d s t h e o c e an t w ic e

d
aro u n . T he re is
, as b ro ad as t h e e d ge o f a raz o r o r as t h e w ing

of a fly ,
a sp ac e b e t w een ( t he t w o sh e l l s o f t h e e g g o f t h e w o rl d ) .
468 PSY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I O U S
T hese w e re b ro u gh t b y I n d ra as a fal c o n t o t h e w in d: an d t he

w ind t o o k t he m u p int o it se l f and c arrie d t h em w h e re w e re t h e

offe re rs o f t he sac ri c ial fi h o rse . S o m e w h at l ik e t h is he sp o ke
( G an d h arva t o t h ee ) and p raise d t h e w in d .
’

“
T he re fo re is t he w in d t h e sp e c ial ( v yash t i) an d t h e w in d t h e
u n iv e rsal ( sam as h t i) . H e , w ho k n ow s t h is, d e fe nd s h im se l f fro m
”
d y ing ag ain .

AS th is t e xt t e lls u s t he o ffe r e rs o f t h e s acr ifi c ial hor se

,

c o m e in th at narr o w e s t fissure b e tw e en t h e sh e lls o f t h e

e g g o f t h e world at th at pl ac e wh e r e t h e sh e lls unit e and
, ,

w h e r e t h e y ar e d iv id e d T h e fissu r e ( v ag ina) in t h e m a
.

t e r n al world soul is d e signat e d by P l ato in T im ae u s by

X t h e sy m bol o f t h e cross
,
I ndr a who as a f alco n h as
.
,

st o l e n t he so m a ( t h e tr e asur e att ainabl e w rt h diflicul t y ) ,

b r ings as P sychopo m po s t h e souls to t h e w ind to t he

, , ,

g e n e r at ing p ne u m a wh ich c arr ie s th e m fo rw a rd to t h e

,

fissu r e o r v ag ina to t h e p o int o f u nio n to t h e e ntr anc e

, ,

into t h e m at e r n al e g g Th is tr ain o f thought o f t h e

.

H in doo ph ilosophy br ie fl y and co n c is e ly su m m ar iz e s t h e

se n s e o f innu m e r abl e myths ; at t h e s am e t im e it is a

str ik ing e x ampl e o f t he f act th at ph ilosophy is int e r nally

n oth in g e ls e but a r e fi ne d and subl im at e d m ythology It .

is brought to th is r e fi ne d st at e by t h e influ e nc e o f t h e co r
r e cto r o f r e al ity W e h av e e mph as iz e d t he f act th at
.
28

in t h e M ill e r dr am a t he hors e is t h e fi rst to die as t h e ,

anim al broth e r o f t h e h e ro Co rr spo d g to rly

( e n in . t h e e a

d e ath o f t h e h al f anim al E ab ani t he broth e r fr ie nd o f

-

G ilg am e sh ) Th is s acr ific ial d e ath r e c alls t h e whol e

.

c at e gory o f mytholog ic al anim al s acr ific e s V olum e s .

could b e fill e d w it h p ar all e l s b ut w e m us t l im it ou rs e lv e s ,

he r e to sugg e st io n s T h e s acr ifi c ial an im al wh e r e it h as

.
,
4 70 P S YC H O LO G Y O F T H E UN C ON S C I OUS
m o rpho s e s , B ook X ) the p ine tr e e is spok e n o f as

follows

G rat a d e um m at ri, siq u ide m C yb e l e iu s A t t is

”
E x u it h ac h o m ine m , t ru nc o q ue indu ru it il l o .

T he tr an s for m at io n into t h e p ine tr e e is e v id e ntly a

bu r ial in t h e m oth e r j u s t as O s ir is w as ov e rgrown by t he
,

h e ath e r U p o n t h e Att is h as r e l ie f o f Cobl e nz Att is ap

.
-

p e ars g r o wing o u t o f a t re e wh ich is int e rpr e t e d by ,

M annh ardt as t h e l ife pr in c ipl e o f v e g e t at io n inh e r e nt

-

in t h e tr e e I t is p rob ably a tr e e b irth j ust as w ith

.
,

M ithr a ( R e l i
.e f o f H e dd e r nh e im ) As F ir m icus o h .

s e rv e s in t h e I sis an d O s ir is cult and also in t h e cult o f

,

t h e V irg in P e rs e pho ne tr e e and im ag e h ad pl ay e d a

,

r Ol e . D io nysu s h ad t he sur nam e D e ndr it e s and I n

33
,

B o e ot ia h e is s aid to h av e b e e n c all e d é r d e v d p o g
’ ‘

m e aning in a tr e e ( At t h e b ir t h o f D io nysu s
. Me ,

g air a pl ant e d t he p ine tr e e o n t h e Kit h airo n ) T h e P e n .

th e u s m yth bou nd up w ith t h e D io nysu s l e g e nd fu r nish e s

t h e r e m ark abl e and suppl e m e nt ary cou nt e rp a rt to t h e

d e ath o f Att is and t h e subs e qu e nt l am e nt at io n P e n

, .

th e u s ,cu r iou s to e spy t h e o rg ie s o f t h e M ae nad e s ,

c lim b e d up o n a pine t r e e but h e w as ob s e rv e d by h is

,

m o t h e r ; t h e M ae nad e s cut d o w n t h e t r e e an d P e nt h e u s , ,

t ak e n fo r an anim al w as t or n by th e m in fr e n zy h is
, ,
35

o wn moth e r b e in g t h e fi rst to rush upo n h im I n t h is .

m yth t h e ph all ic m e aning o f t h e tr e e ( cutt ing dow n c as ,

t rat io n ) and it s m at e r nal s ig nific an c e ( m o u nt ing an d t h e

* B l d f th m
e ov e o e ot h er of t h e go d s, i n asm u ch as the Cy b e l ine At t i s

sh e d h i h u m an h ap
s s s e in t h i s w ay and st i ff
e ns i i
nt o t h s t re e t run k .
 THE S AC R I F I C E 47 1

s acr ifi c ial d e ath o f t h e so n ) is pr e s e nt ; at t h e s am e t im e

t h e suppl e m e nt ary c o u nt e rp a r t t o t h e P ie t a is app a r e nt ,

t he t e rr ibl e m oth e r T h e f e ast o f Att is w as c e l e

.

b rat e d as a l am e nt at io n and th e n as a j oy in t h e sp r ing .

( G ood F r id a y a nd E a st e r ) T h e p r i
.e sts o f Att is Cyb e l e -

wo rsh ip w e r e o ft e n e u nu chs and w e r e c all e d G al l o i , .

T h e arc hig al lu s w as c all e d Atys ( Att is ) I nst e ad o f .

37

t he anim al c astr at io n t h e p r ie sts m e r e ly scr atch e d th e ir

,

( h
“
arms u nt il th e y bl e d . Arm in pl a c e o f ph a llus t e ,

tw ist ing o f arms . A s im il ar symbol ism o f t he sac

rific ial impuls e is m e t in t h e M ithr aic r e l ig io n wh e r e e s ,

se nt ial p arts o f t h e myst e r ie s co n s ist in t he c atch ing and

t h e subdu ing o f t h e bull .

A p ar all e l fi gur e to M ithr a is t he pr im it iv e m an G ayo

m ard H e w as cr e at e d tog e th e r w ith h is bull and t h e
.
,

two l iv e d fo r six thou s and y e ars in a bl iss ful st at e B ut .

wh e n t h e world c am e into t h e cycl e o f t h e Se v e nth s ign

o f t he Z od iac ( L ibr a ) t h e e v il p r inc ipl e e nt e r e d L ibr a .

is astrolog ic ally t h e so c all e d po s it iv e dom ic il e o f V e nu s ;

-

t h e e v il pr in c ipl e th e r e for e
, c am e u nd e r t h e do m inio n
,

o f t h e g o dd e s s o f lov e ( d e struct io n o f t h e sun h e r o -

through t he moth e r wife snake whor e e t c ) As a re

- fi

, , .

sult afte r th irty y e ars G ayo m ard and his bull d ie d

, , .

( T h e tr ia ls o f Z a rt u sh t l a st e d a lso th irty y e a rs ; co m p a r
~
e

t h e sp an o f Chr ist s l if e ) F ifty fiv e sp e c ie s o f gr ain

’
-
.

c am e from t h e d e ad bull tw e lv e k inds o f s alubr iou s ,

pl ants e t c T h e sp e rm a o f t he bull e nt e r e d into t h e m oo n

, .

fo r pur ific at ion but t he sp e rm a o f G ayo m ard e nt e r e d

,

into t h e sun Th is c ircumst an c e poss ibly sugg e sts a r ath e r

.

f e m inine m e aning o f bull G o sh o r Drv acp a is t h e soul

.
47 2 PSY CH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I O US
o f t he bull and w as wo rsh ipp e d as a fe m al e d iv inity Sh e
,
.

would not at first from diflide nce b e co m e t h e godd e ss

, , ,

o f t he h e rds u nt il t h e co m ing o f Z ar athustr a w as an

,

n o unce d to h e r as consol at io n Th is h as it s p ar all e l in.

t h e H in doo P ur a n a wh e r e t h e c o m in g o f K r ish n a w as
,

”
prom is e d t he e arth ( A compl e t e analogy to Chr is t )
.

S h e t o o tr av e l s in h e r ch ar io t l ik e Ardv icfi ra t h e god

, , , ,

d e ss o f lov e T h e soul o f t h e bull is th e r e fo r e d e c id e dly

.
, ,

fe m inin e Th is myth o f G ayo m ard r e p e ats only in an

.

alt e r e d fo rm t h e p r im it iv e co n c e pt io n o f t h e clos e d r ing

o f a m al e f e m al e d ivinity s e lf b e g e tt ing and forth b ring

-
,
- -

ing .

L ik e t h e s acr ific ial bull ,

t he fi re ,s acr ifi c e o f wh ich
t he

we h av e alr e ady d iscu ss e d in Ch apt e r I I I h as a f e m inine

,

natur e am o ng t h e Ch in e s e , a cco rd ing to t h e c o mm e n

t ar ie s o f t h e ph ilosoph e r T schw ang

39 -
T se

T he sp irit o f t h e h e art h is c all e d K i H e is c l ad in b righ t fe d .

,
”
w h ic h re se m b l e s fi re , and appe ars as a l ov e l y at t rac t iv e m aid e n ,
.

I n t he B ook o f R it e s it is s aid

Wo o d is b u rne d in t he fl am es fo r t h e sp irit of Au . T his

”
sac ri c e fi to Au is a sac ri c e fi t o o l d d e p art e d w ome n .

Th e s e sp ir its o f t h e h e arth and fire are t h e souls o f d e

p art e d cooks and th e r e for e are c all e d old wo m e n
, ,
.

T h e k itch e n god d e v e lop s fr o m th is p re B uddh ist ic t ra -

d it io n and b e com e s l at e r ( m al e se x ) t h e rul e r o f t h e

fam ily and t h e m e d iat o r b e t w e e n f a m ily a nd g o d Thu s .

t h e o l d fe m in ine fire sp ir it b e co m e s a sp e c ie s o f L ogo s .

( Co m p ar e w ith th is t h e r e m a rks in Ch apt e r III ) .

474 PSY CH OLOGY O F THE UN C ON S C I OUS
T he c o u n t e n anc e , w h ic h m ay b e see n in b est re p ro duc
t he

t io ns, is y o u ng m an o f an al m o st
t h at o f a fem in in e b e au t y ; t he
h e ad h as a qu ant it y o f c u rl y h air w h ic h rising u p fro m t h e fo re
, ,

h e ad su rro u n d s h im as w it h a h al o ; t h e he ad is sl igh t l y t il t e d
,

b ac kw ard s so t hat t he g l anc e is d ire c t e d t o w ard s t h e he av e ns and

, ,

t h e c o n t rac t io n o f t he b row s and t h e l ips g iv e a st rang e e x p res

” 45
sio n o f so rro w t o t he fac e .

T h e O st ian h e ad o f M ithr a T auro ct o no s illu str at e d ,

in Cumo nt h as ind e e d an e xpr e ss io n wh ich w e r e cogniz e

, , ,

in ou r p at ie nts as o ne o f s e nt im e nt al r e s ig nat io n S en .

t im e nt ality is r e pr e sse d b ru t a l it y H e nc e t h e e x c e e d
.

ingl y s e nt im e nt al p o s e wh ich h ad it s cou nt e rp art in t h e

,

sym bol ism o f t h e sh e ph e rd and t h e l amb o f co nt e m

p o ran e o us Chr i st ian ity w it h t h e add it
, ion o f in f a m
t il ism .

M e anwh il e it is o nly his

,
tu r e wh ich t he god
anim a
l na

s acr ific e s ; th at is to say h is se x ualit yfi alw ays in clos e

,
7

an alogy to t h e cou rs e o f t h e sun W e h av e l e ar ne d in

.

t h e cou rs e o f th is inv e st ig at ion th at t h e p art o f t h e l ib ido

wh ich e r e cts r e l ig iou s stru ctur e s is in t h e l ast analy sis

fix e d in t he m oth e r and r e ally r e pr e s e nts t h at t ie throu gh
,

wh ich we are p e rm ane ntly co nne ct e d w ith ou r o r ig in .

B r ie fly w e m ay d e s ig nat e th is am ou nt o f l ib ido as
,

M oth e r L ib id o As w e h av e s e e n th is l ib ido co nc e als

.
,

its e lf in c o u ntl e ss and v e ry h e t e rog e ne ou s symbols also ,

in anim al im ag e s no m att e r wh e th e r o f m ascul ine or fe m

,

in ine natur e —d iffe r e n c e s o f se x are at botto m o f a se c

o n d ar
y v alu e a n d p sycholog ic ally do n o t pl ay t h e p a rt
wh ich m ight b e e xp e ct e d fr o m a sup e rfic ial O bs e rv at io n .

T h e annu al s acr ifi c e o f t h e m aid e n to t h e dr ag o n prob

ably r e pr e s e nt e d t h e m o st id e al sy m b o l ic s itu at io n In .
 TH E S AC R I F I C E 475

ord e r to p ac ify t h e ang e r o f t he t e rr ibl e m oth e r t h e

m ost b e aut iful wo m an w as s acr ifi c e d as sy m bol o f m an s
’

l ib ido L e ss v iv id e x ampl e s are t h e s acr ific e o f t he first

.

bor n and v ar iou s v alu abl e do m e st ic anim als A s e co nd .

id e al c as e is t h e s e l f c astr at io n in t h e s e rv ic e o f t h e m o t h e r
-

( D e a S yr ia , a l e s sobv iou s fo rm o f wh ich is c ircu m _

c isio n. B y th at at l e ast o nly a port io n is s acr ific e d .

W ith th e s e s acr ifi c e s t h e obj e ct o f wh ich in id e al c as e s

,

is t o sy m b o l iz e t h e l ib ido dr aw ing aw ay fro m t he m oth e r ,

l if e is sym bol ic ally r e nou nc e d in o rd e r to r e g ain it B y .

t h e s acr ifi c e m an r an so m s h ims e lf fro m t h e f e a r o f d e ath

an d r e co n c il e s t h e d e stroy in g m oth e r I n tho s e l at e r re

.

lig io n s wh e r e t h e h e ro who in old e n t im e s ov e rco m e s all

, ,

e v il an d d e at h through h is l ab o rs h as b e c o m e t h e d iv in e
,

ch ie f figu r e h e b e com e s t he pr ie stly sac rific e r and t h e

,

r e g e ne r ato r o f l if e B ut as t h e h e ro is an im ag inary
.

fi gur e and h is s acr ific e is a tr an sc e nd e nt al myst e ry t h e ,

i

sig n ifi c an c e o f wh ich far e xc e e ds t h e v alu e o f an o r

d in a ry s acr ific ial g ift th is d e e p e n in g o f t h e s acr ific ial

,

sym bol ism r e gr e ss iv e ly r e su m e s t he id e a o f t h e hum an

s acr ific e Th is is p artly due t o t h e pr e po nd e r anc e o f
.

p h ant ast ic add it ions wh ich alw ays t ak e th e ir subj e ct

,

m att e r fro m gr e at e r d e pths an d p artly du e to t h e h igh e r

,

r e l ig iou s o ccup at io n o f t he l ib ido wh ich d e m and e d a m o r e

,

co m pl e t e and e qu iv al e nt e xpr e ss io n Thu s t h e r e l at io n

.

b e tw e e n M ithr a and his bull is v e ry clos e I t is t h e h e ro .

h im s e lf in t h e Chr ist ian m yst e r ie s who s acr ific e s h im s e l f

v o lu nt ar ily T h e h e ro as w e h av e sufli cie nt l y show n is
.
, ,

t h e in f ant il e p e rso nal ity lo ng ing fo r t h e m oth e r who as ,

M ithr a s acr ific e s t h e w ish ( t h e l ib ido ) and as Ch ris t ,

47 6 PSY C H OLOG Y O F THE UN C O N S C I OUS
g iv e s h ims e lf to d e ath both w ill ingly and u nw ill ingly .

U p o n t he m o nu m e nts o f t h e M ithr aic r e l ig io n w e o ft e n

m e e t a str ang e sy m bol : a cr at e r ( m ix ing bowl ) e nc Oil e d
by a s e rp e nt so m e t im e s w ith a l io n who as ant ago nist
, ,

opp o s e s t h e s e rp e nt I t app e ars as if t h e two w e r e

.
49

fight ing fo r t h e cr at e r T h e cr at e r sy m b ol iz e s as w e
.
,

h av e s e e n t he moth e r t h e s e rp e nt t h e r e s ist an c e d e f e nd
, ,

ing h e r and t h e l io n t h e gr e at e st str e ngt h and st ro n g e st

,

w ill . T h e struggl e is fo r t h e moth e r T h e s e rp e nt t ak e s

50
.

p art al m ost r e gul arly in t h e M it hr aic s acr ifi c e o f t he

bull m ov ing tow ards t he blood fl o w in g fro m t h e wou nd
,
.

I t se e m s t o fo ll o w fro m th at th at t h e l if e o f t h e bull
( blood ) is s acr ific e d to t h e s e rp e nt P r e v iou sly w e h av e .

p o int e d out t he m u t u al r e l at io nsh ip b e tw e e n s e rp e nt and

bull and fou nd th e r e th at t h e bull sym bol iz e s t h e l iv ing
,

h e ro t h e sh ining sun b ut th at t h e s e rp e nt sym bol iz e s t h e

, ,

d e ad bur ie d o r chtho nic h e ro t h e inv is ibl e sun As t h e

, ,
.

h e ro is in t h e m oth e r in t h e st at e o f d e ath t h e s e rp e nt ,

is also , as t h e sy m bol o f t h e f e ar o f d e ath t h e S ign o f ,

t h e d e vour ing mo t h e r T h e s acr ifi c e o f t h e bull to t h e

.

s e rp e n t th e r e for e s ig nifi e s a w ill ing r e nu nc iat io n o f l if e

, , ,

in o rd e r to w in it fro m d e at h Th e r e fo r e a ft e r t he sac
.
,

rifi ce o f t h e bull wo nd e r ful f e rt il ity r e sults T h e an

, .

t ag o nism b e tw e e n s e rp e n t an d l io n ov e r t h e cr at e r is to
’
b e int e rp r e t e d as a b attl e ov e r t h e fru it ful m oth e r s
w o m b so m e wh at co m p ar abl e to t h e m or e s im pl e sym bol
,

ism o f t h e T isht riya so ng wh e r e t h e d e m o n Ap ao sh a

, ,

t h e bl ack hors e h as pos se s sio n o f t h e r ain l ak e and t h e

, ,

wh it e hors e T isht riya m u st b anish h im fro m it D e at h

, , .

fro m t im e to t im e l ays it s d e str o y ing h and upo n l ife and

478 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I O US
t o ru m ( t o ru s h as t h e m e an ing ofb e d p il l ow , c o nc u b ine b ie r ) e t
, ,

ib i fi rm av it asce n d e nd o c o nj ug iu m : u b i c u m se n t ire t anh e l an t e m

in su sp iriis c re at u ram c o m m e rc io p ie t at is se p ro j
c o n ug e d e d it ad

p mnam e t c o p ul av it si b i p e rpe t uo iu re m at ro nam .

Th is p ass ag e is p e r f e ctly cl e ar A s im il ar d e ath ov e r

.

t ak e s t h e S yr ian M e lc arth who r id ing up o n a se a hors e

, , ,

w as annu ally bur ne d A m o ng t h e G r e e ks he is c all e d

.

M e l ic e rt e s and w as r e pr e s e nt e d r id ing upo n a dolph in

, .

Th e dolph in is also t h e st e e d o f Ar io n W e h av e l e ar ne d .

t o r e cogniz e p r e v iou sly t h e m at e r n al s ignific anc e o f

d o lph in so th at in t h e d e ath o f M e lc arth w e c an o nc e

,

m or e r e cogn iz e t h e n e g at iv e ly e xpr e s s e d H ie ro sg am o s
w ith t h e m oth e r ( Co m p ar e F r az e r G old e n B ough
.
,

IV p , . Th is figu r at iv e e xpr e ss io n is o f t h e gr e at e st
t e l e o log ic al s ignifi c anc e Th rough it s sy m bol it l e ads
.

t h a t l ib ido wh ich in cl ine s b a ckw ard into t h e or ig in al ,

pr im it iv e and im pul siv e upw ards to t h e sp i r i tu al by in

v e s t ing it w ith a myst e r iou s but fru it ful fu nct io n I t is .

sup e rfluou s t o sp e ak o f t h e e ffe ct o f th is sym bol upo n

t h e u n co nsc iou s o f O cc id e nt al hu m anit y A gl an c e ov e r .

h istory shows wh at cr e at iv e forc e s w e r e r e l e as e d in th is

sym bol .

T h e co m p ar iso n o f t h e M ithr aic and t h e Chr ist ian

s acr ific e pl ainly shows wh e r e in l ie s the sup e r ior ity o f t h e
Chr ist ian symbol ; it is t he fr ank ad m iss io n th at no t o nly
a re t h e low e r w ish e s to b e s acr ific e d but t h e whol e p e r ,

so nal it T h Chr ist ian sy m bol d m an ds co m pl t d e

y e. e e e

v o t io n ; it co m p e ls a v e r it abl e s e l f sac rific e to a h igh e r -

purpo se wh il e t h e S ac rific ium M it h riacum r e m ainin g

, ,

fix e d o n a p r im it iv e sym b o l ic st ag e is co nt e nt e d w it h an,
 THE S AC R I F I C E 4 79

an im a l s acr ific e T h e r e l ig io u s e ffe ct o f th e s e sy m b ol s

.

mu st b e co n s id e r e d as an o r ie nt at io n o f t he u nco ns c iou s
by m e ans o f im it at io n .

I n M iss M ill e r s ph ant asy th e r e is int e r n al c o m pul

’

s io n in th at sh e p ass e s fro m t h e ho rs e s acr ific e to t he

,

s e l f sacrifice o f t h e h e ro Wh e r e as t h e fi rst sy m b o l iz e s
-
.

r e nu nc i at i o n o f t h e s e xu al w ish e s t h e s e co n d h as t he
,

d e e p e r and e th ic ally m o r e v alu abl e m e aning o f t h e sac

r ific e o f t h e in f ant il e p e rso n al ity Th e obj e ct o f psycho
.

analys is h as fr e qu e ntly b e e n wro ngly u n d e rstood to m e an

t h e r e nu n c iat io n o r t h e gr at ific at io n o f t h e ord in a ry s e xu al

w ish wh il e in r e al ity t he p robl e m is t h e subl im at io n o f

, , ,

t h e in fan t il e p e rso n al ity o r e xpr e ss e d m ytholog ic ally a

, , ,

s acr ific e and r e b irth o f t he in f ant il e h e ro I n t h e Chr is

.
55

t ian m yst e r ie s how e v e r t h e r e su rr e ct e d o ne b e co m e s a

, ,

sup e r m u nd ane sp ir it and t h e inv is ibl e k ingdom o f G od

, ,

w ith it s m yst e r iou s g ifts are obt aine d by h is b e l ie v e rs

,

through t h e s acr ific e o f h ims e l f o n t h e m oth e r I n .

p sycho analys is t he in f ant il e p e rso nal ity is d e p r iv e d o f it s

l ib ido fix at io ns in a r at io nal m anne r ; t h e l ib ido wh ich is
t hu s se t fr e e s e rv e s fo r t h e bu ild in g up o f a p e rso nal ity

m atu r e d an d ad apt e d to r e al ity who do e s w ill ingly an d

,

w ithou t co m pl aint e v e ryth ing r e qu ir e d by ne c e ss ity ( I t .

is so to sp e ak t h e ch ie f e n d e av o r o f t h e in f ant il e p e rso n
, ,

al ity to struggl e ag ain st a ll n e c e ss it ie s an d to cr e at e co e r

c io ns fo r its e l f wh e r e n o ne e x ist in r e al ity ) .

T h e s e rp e n t as an in s t ru m e n t o f s acr ific e h as alr e ady

b e e n abu nd antly illu str at e d ( L e g e n
. d o f S t S ilv e st
. e r ,

tr ial o f t h e v irg in s wou nd ing o f R6 an d P h il o ct e t e s sym

, ,

b o l ism o f t he l an c e and arrow ) I t is t h e d e stroy ing

.
48 0 P SY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I O US
knif e ; but ccord ing to t he p r inc ipl e o f t he O ccide
, a

m o ritu ru s also t h e ph allu s t h e s a cr ific ial ac t r e pr e s e nts

,

a co itu s act as w e ll T h e r e l ig ious s ig nific an c e o f t h e

.
56

s e rp e nt as a c av e dw e ll ing chtho nic anim al po ints to a

-
,

furth e r thought ; n am e ly to t h e cr e e p ing into t h e ,

m oth e r s wo m b in t h e for m o f a s e rp e nt As t h e ho rs e
’ 57
.

is t he b roth e r s o t h e s e rp e nt is t h e S ist e r o f Ch iwant o pe l

, .

Th is cl o s e r e l at io n r e f e rs to a f e llowsh ip o f th e s e anim als

an d th e ir ch ar act e rs w ith t h e h e ro W e k now o f t he .

h o rs e th at as a rul e h e is no t an an im al o f f e ar although
, , , ,

m ytholog ic ally h e h as at t im e s th is m e aning

, H e sig .

nifie s m u ch mor e t h e l iv ing p os it iv e p art o f t h e l ib ido, ,

t h e str iv ing tow ards co nt inu al r e ne w al wh e r e as t h e se r ,

p e n t as a rul e r e pr e s e nt s t h e f e ar t h e fe ar o f d e ath
, , , ,
58

an d is thought o f as t h e ant ith e s is to t h e ph allu s Th is .

ant ith e s is b e tw e e n hors e an d s e rp e nt m ytholog ic ally b e ,

tw e e n bull and s e rp e nt r e p r e s e nts an opp os it ion o f t h e

,

l ib ido w ith in its e l f a str iv ing fo rw ards and a str iv ing

,

b ackw ards at o ne and t h e s am e t im e I t is no t o nly .

59

as if t h e l ib ido m ight b e an irr e s ist ibl e str iv ing forw ard ,

an e n dl e ss l if e and w ill for co n stru ct io n su ch as S chop e n ,

h au e r h as formul at e d in his world w ill d e ath and e v e ry ,

e nd b e ing so m e m al ig n an cy or fat al ity co m in g fro m w ith

out but t h e l ib ido co rr e sp o n d ing to t h e sun also w ills

, , ,

t h e d e stru ct io n o f it s cr e at io n I n t h e first h alf o f l if e

.

it s w ill is for growth in t h e s e co nd h al f o f l if e it h ints

, ,

so ftly at first and th e n aud ibly at it s w ill for d e ath

, ,
.

And j ust as in youth t h e im puls e t o u nl im it e d growth o ft e n

l ie s u nd e r t h e e nv e lop ing cov e r ing o f a r e s ist an c e ag ainst
l ife s o also do e s t h e w ill o f t h e O l d to die fr e qu e nt ly l ie
,
48 2 PSY CH OLOGY OF TH E UN C ON S C I O U S
for t h e e nd , fo r wh ich w e find an e xpl anat io n o nly w ith
t he gr e at e st d iflicul t y .

Co n c e r n ing t h e sym bol is m o f t h e s e rp e nt in g e ne r al it s ,

sig nific an c e is v e ry d e p e n d e nt up o n t h e t im e o f l if e and

c ircu m s t an c e s T h e r e pr e ss e d s e xu al ity o f youth is sym

.

b o liz e d by t h e s e rp e nt b e c au s e t h e arr iv al o f s e xu al ity

,

puts an e n d to ch ildh o o d To ag e o n t h e co ntr ary t he

.
, ,

s e rp e nt s ig nifi e s t h e r e pr e ss e d t h ought o f d e ath W ith .

our au t ho r it is t h e in su flic ie n t ly e xpr e ss e d s e xu al ity

wh ich as s e rp e nt assu m e s t h e rOl e o f sacrifice r and de

l iv e rs t h e h e ro ov e r to d e ath and r e b irth .

As in t h e b e g inning o f our inv e st ig at io n t h e h e ro s ’

n am e fo rc e d u s to sp e ak o f t h e sy m b o l is m o f P o p o cat e

p e tl as b e lo ng ing to t h e cr e at ing p ar t o f t h e hum an body ,

S O at t h e e nd do e s t h e M ill e r dr am a ag ain g iv e u s an

opportu nity o f s e e ing how t h e volc ano ass ists in t h e

d e ath o f t h e h e ro and c aus e s h im to d is app ea r by m e an s
o f an e arthqu ak e into t h e d e pths o f t h e e arth As t h e .

v o lc ano g av e b irth and n am e to t he h e ro so at t h e e nd o f ,

t h e d ay it d e vou rs him ag ain W e l e ar n from t he l ast

.
62

words o f t h e h e ro th at h is l o ng e d fo r b e l o v e d she who

-

alo ne u n d e rst an ds h im ,
—
is c all e d Ja u i w a m a W e find
- -
.

in th is n am e thos e l isp e d syll abl e s fam il iar to u s fro m

t h e e arly ch ildh o od o f t h e h e r o H iaw ath a W aw a w am a
, , , ,

m am a T h e o nly o n e who r e ally u nd e rs t an ds u s is t h e

.

m oth e r F o r v e rs t e h e n
. to u nd e r st an d
, ( O ld H igh
G e r m an firs t dn) is p rob ably d e r iv e d fro m a p r im it iv e
,

G e r m anic pr e fix fri id e nt ic al w it h fl Ep i m e aning rou nd

, ,

about . T h e O ld H igh G e r m an a ntfr is t é n to int e r ,

p r e t is c o nsid e r e d as id e nt ic al w ith firs t cin F r o m th at

, .
 TH E S AC R I F I C E 48 3

r e sults a fu nd am e nt al s ignific anc e o f t h e v e rb v ers t e h e n ,

to u n d e r st and as, st and ing rou nd ab o ut so m e

”
th ing C o m pr e h e nd e re an d u a r a a t a /t fl aiu e w
63
. ex

p r e s s a S im il ar id e a as t h e G e rm an e rf asse n to gr asp , ,

to comp r e h e n d . Th e th ing c o mm o n to th e s e e xp r e s
s io ns is t h e su rrou n d ing t he e n f o ld ing And th e r e is no
, .

doubt th at t h e r e is n oth ing in t h e world wh ich so com

p l e t e l y e n folds u s a s t h e moth e r Wh e n t h e n e.urot ic
compl ains th at t h e world h as no u nd e rst and ing h e s ays ,

in d ir e ctly th at h e m iss e s t h e moth e r P aul V e rl aine h as .

e xpr e ss e d th is thought mo st b e aut ifully in h is p o e m ,

M o n R ev e F am ilie r

My F am il iar D ream .

O ft e n I h av e t h at st rang e and p o ig nant d re am

O f so m e un k no w n
w h o m e e t s m y fl am e w it h fl am e
W ho , q
w it h e ac h t im e , is ne v e r u it e t he sam e ,
Y et ne v e r w h o ll y
d iffe re nt d o e s she se em .

S he u nd e rst and s m e ! E v e ry fi t ful gl e am

T rou b l ing m y he art sh e re ad s arigh t so m e how
,

Ev e n t h e sw e at u po n m y p al l id b row
She so o t he s w it h t e ars, a c o o l and fre she n ing st re am .

I f sh e is d ark o r fair ? I do no t k no w
H e r n am e ? O nl y t h at it is sw e e t an d l ow ,
L ik e t h o se of l ov e d o ne s w ho h av e l o ng sinc e

H e r l o o k is l ik e k ind
’
a st at u e s, an d c l e ar ;

And he r ca lm d ist ant and d ig nifi e d

v o ic e , ,

L ik e t h o se hu she d v o ic es t h at I l ov e d t o h e ar .
 48 6 T H E TWO KINDS OF TH I NK I NG [pp 8 .
-
41

si mp l er t h an t h e se , sa y Ni s et z s ch e . L ot ze L gik o ,
”
p .
5 52 ) e x p re sse s

h i m lf se i f ll w
in re g a r T h gh t l ft t t h l g i c l l w
d t o t h s as o o s: ou , e o e o a a s
of it s c t c m
m o v e m e nt , t th d f it g l ly
e n o u n e rs on e o re a e en o s re u ar
t d c
r av e rs e th t h i ng pp d h i dd n
o u r se e s su r e sse or e .

C mp m k f B l dw i f l l w i g i t t T h cc nt i c
“
th o are e re ar s o a n o o n n ex e e e r
G g H m
.

ph i l ph J ho so er ( 73 88 ) o pl c
ann i t l l ig c eo r a ann 1 0 ev e n a es n e en e
-

an d p ch i d t ic l (
s ee H m w iti g as p b by R t h en a se e a an n s
’
r n s, u . o ,

B li er Wi th N i t ch i t l l i g c f
n w p ch e zs e n e en e a re s ev en o r se as .
s ee
m t ph y i c
e a ( Sp h m t p h y ik )
s F i d i ch M t h
s g th f th t
r ac e a s . r e r au ner oes e ur es
i t h i c c pt i n S p ch d P yc h l g i ”
n s on e oF h im t h ra e un s o o e, or er e
i t b l t ly n t h g h t w i t h t p c h nd p k i ng i t h i k i g
ex s s a so u e o ou ou s ee a s ea s n n .

Hi id
,

sf th f ti h f th w d g
ea o n i ng in c i nc i w t h y f
e
“
e s o e or
”
ov e r s e e s or o

n tico e.

C mp°
K l inp o l D L b n d S p c h 3 B nd L i p i g
are e au :
“
as e e er ra e,
”
a e. e z

1 8 93 .

J a d i n d Ep ic ue p 8 0
r
’
r ,
. .

I t i d i ffi c u l t t c a lc u l at e h w g e at i th e d uc t i i nfl uenc e o f t h e
1’
s o o r s e s ve

p i mi t i
r w d m a ni n g u p n a t h u g h t
ve or A nyt h i ng w h i c h h a e n b e n
e o o s ev e
-
.

in c n c i u n o s m in a
o s n af f ct i
e ss r e m m nt in t h u n c n c i u
a s s a y e ve o e e o s o s,
”
sa s
H m ann P au l ( P i n i p i n d S p ac h g c h i ch t 4 t h d 90 9 p
er
“
r z e er r es e,
”
e .
,
1 ,
.

Th l d w d m an i n g h a
e o a n af t or ff c t c h i fly i m p c p t i bl
-
e s ve e r- e e e er e e,

( P au l ) J G
,

w i t h i n t h d a k c h am b f t h u n c n c i u in t h S u l
“ ”
e r er o e o s o s e o . . .

H am ann m nt i n d b , p e h i m lf u n q u i
o e a c ably
ov e, M ta ex r e sse s se e vo : e

p hy i c s d uc a l l c atc h w d an d a l l fi g u
s re es f p e ch f u mpi i c a l
or s re s o s e o o r e r

k n w l d g e t m p t y h i g lyp h i c and t yp
o e o e f i d al e l at i o ns
e ro I t is s es o e r .
”

s a i d t h at K ant l n d m t h i ng f m H am ann e ar e so e s ro .

G und i d P yc h l og i p 3 6 5
r r ss er s o e, . .

1 ° “
L h b uch d P ych l g i X 2 6
e r er s o o e, ,
.

J am e M a k B al d w i n : T h ug h t and T h i ng s o Ge net i c Lo gic

s r
“
o , r .
”

I n th i c nn c t i n I m u t f t a n p i m e n t w h i c h E b
s o e o s re e r o ex er er

s ch w i l ( A l lg m in Zeit h ift fii P sy hia t i 9 8 ) h a m ad at my

e er e e e sc r r c r e, 1 0 s e
re q u t w h i c h d i cl
es ,
th m a k abl f ac t t h at in a n a
s o se s ci t i n p i
e re r e sso a o ex er

m n t t h i nt ap yc h i c a
e e c i t i n i i n fl u nc d by p h n t i c c n i d t i n
r s sso a o s e e o e o s e ra o s

U nt u c h u ng n fi b
e rs d n E in fl u d pe c h l i c h n K m p n nt auf d ie
er e ss er s ra e o o e e
A i at i n A l l g e m ein Z it s h ift fii P y hia t i
sso z o ,
”
e e c r r s c r e,

S at l e a t t h i
o f m f t h u g h t ap p a t C n c i u n s F u d
s s or o o e rs o o s o s e s . re

ay in t h i c n n c t i n ( T h I nt p t t i n f D m t by B i l l “ ”
s s s o e o e er re a o o re a s, r . r ,

I t i d m n t b ly i nc c t t t t t h t w ab and n u l
“
p . s e o s ra o r re o s a e a e o o rse v e s

to n ai m l
a c u f id e ss wh n w o l i n qui h u
rse o fl c t i n a nde as e e re s o r re e o s,

al l w t h
o unw i l l d i d e t m g It n b
e h w n th t w
e as o able er e . ca e s o a e a re e

to j c t n ly t h
re e nd p o nt t i n k n w n t u an d t h t i mm d i at e ly
o se e -
re s e a o s o o s, a e

up n th o c at i n f t h e e ssu nk n w n o w o i n cc u t ly y u n n e se o o r, as e a ra e sa ,
co
c i u n d p nt t i n c m i n t p l y w h i c h n w d t m i n t h c u
— rse
s o s e -
r e se a o s o e o a o e er e e o

o f th u nw i
e l l d i d a a t h ug h t w i t h ut
e nd p e nt at i n c a nn t
s be o o e -
re se o o

p ro d u c d t h u
e g h n y i n fl u nc ro w n t n
a u w n p yc h i c lei f e e ca ex er o o r o s e .
"

1 “
G u nd i d P yc h l g i P 4 64
r r ss er s o o e, o °

B h i n d t h i a t i n t and fi t f al l p i nc t ak n f m t h e
e s sse r o s ,
rs o , ex er e es e ro

fi l d f t h n m l T h u n d i ct d t h i nk i ng i
e o e or a . y f me d f m re e s v er ar re ov e ro

m d i t at i n p c i a l ly din f p ch i
”
e nd o ,
fa a es e n so as r as re a e ss o s ee s co
c e n d I n p yc h l g i c l p e i m nt s I h
r e . s f q u nt ly f un d t h at t h
o o a ex r e av e re e o e
pp . 8 41 ] TH E T W O K I N D S OF TH I NK I NG 48 7

su bj c t e s of th e in v e st i g t i n—I
k nly f c u l t i at d and i nt l l i g nt
a o sp e a o o v e e e

pl I l l d i d l i ly i
p eo w
t e nt i n a l l y
o
he, m
an d
h a
i
w t h ut p
ao w
i
t
u
n
i
u
n
g
t
ve

u c
i
t
n
i n
o— h
o a p p a
e n t
h i b i t d a ff c t
re v o
u on n
s s r
e

o
re v e r e s,

av e ex
re

e e

ex p i n
r e ss o w h i c h c a sn b g i t d p i m e n t a l ly
e B u t re t h ba ic
s e re ex er . e s

t h ug h t
o f th e
o n w i th t h e se , b t f i nt nt i n t h y c u l d p
ve e es n ly o e o s, e o ex re ss o

i nc m p l e t ly w i t h a n ab u n d anc
s imi l
o
ar
p i n c ex
en n t
i n aer e
at
c
or
i a t i
ll
n es
On
ev e

p i m
m t
n t a n
o
dsso p yc h n a ly
a
io
— i
.

n
f
ex er
e

e
ee s

s s oa s s
e o

d d th
ee ,
i h d ly a n u nc n c i u c m p l
e re s ar w h i c h h a n t at o s me t i mo s o ex s o so e

e i t d a
x s e a p h a nt a y in c n c i u ne
s s o s o s ss

f m t h e d m ai n f
.

H w o m e i n t uc t i
e v e r, a e th
or e p e i e nc e
s r ve r e x r s ro o o

p yc h p at h l g y
s o B ut t h
o o a i i ng in t h e fi l d
. o f t h e h y st
o se i a a nd
r s e er s

n u e ro se s,w h ich a c h a ac t i d by an re e w h l m i ng
r t an f
e r ze nc ov r e r s e re e

t n d e ncy
e a ,
t h an t h
a re r p i nc
re r in t h e t e i t y o f t h e ex i nt er e es rr or e ro

v e rs oi n ty p f ne u s and p yc h e o w h i c h c n t i t ut e b y fa
ro se th
s o se s, o s r e

g atre num b
er f t h e m nt a l d a ng m nt
er o at l a t t h c l l ct d
e er e e s, e s e o e e

S c h i ph ni c g o up f B l u l
zo re r A h a a l e ady b e n i n d i c at e d by t h
o e er . s s r e e

te m r i nt e i n w h i ch I b i fly i nt d uc d in my t u dy K nfl ikt
“
ro v rs o ,
”
r e ro e s ,
“
o e

d er k i n dl i c h n S l p p 6 an d
e ee e, th
”
n u . l ad t an 1 0, e se e ro se s e o ov e r

p w i n g au t
o er t i m ( F eud ) o e ro And h e e w m t w i t h t h i s u nut t a
s r . r e ee er

b l p u ly p h ant a t i c t h i n k i ng w h i c h m
e re s in i n p i bl e ym b l a nd
,
ov es ex ress s o s

f e l i ng O n g t a l i g h t i m p i n f t h i w h n o ne k t
e s . e e s s min
r e ss o o s e se e s o ex a e

t h p a l t y an d c n f u d
e r p e i n o f th sep pl ex A I ha
r ss of qu n t ly s o e se eo e. s ve re e

o b se rv ed it c t t h , p at i n t
os s n dl t e seu bl a n d e ff t e t p u
s t t h
e i e ss ro e or o e r

p h a n t a i i n t s es c mm n h u m oa n po e c h A h
o i g h ly i nt l l i g e n t p a t i n ts e . e e ,

wh i nt e p t d uc h a ph ant a y p i c by p i c f t n i d t m
o r re e s s I e e e e, o e sa o e,
“

k n w b l ut ly w i t h w h at it i c nc n d I e a nd f l e yt h i ng
o a so e s o er e ,
se ee v er ,

b ut it i q u i t i m p s i bl e f m t fi nd t h w o d t e p e it T h
e o ss or e o e r s o x r ss
”
. e

p t i c a nd
oe l i g i u i nt re i n g i s i t o i m i l a p i e nc e ; f
o s ro v e rs o ve r se s r ex er s or

ex am p l P u l in t h E p i t l t t h e R m an iii : 2 6 F w k n w
e, a , e s e o o s v or e o

n t w h at w
o h u l d p ay f e s a o w ug h t ; b u t t h
r S p i i t i t lf m ak t h
or s e o e r se e

i nt e c s i on w i t h g ani ng w h i c h c ann t b ut t e e d
r e s ro s o e r .

S i m i l a ly J am e em a k r ,
T h e g e at d i ffe e nc e in f ac t b etw e e n
s r r s,
“
r r , ,

t h at S m p l k i n d f at i na l t h i nk i ng w h i c h c n i t s in t h e c nc e t
i e o r o o s s o r e

o b j ct e f pa ts op i e nc m e ly u gg t i ng
s ex er ac h o t h
e an d re are n d is s es e e r, so
t inc t i ly ve c a l l d i t h i t h at w h i l t t h e mp i i c al t h i nk i ng is o nly
so e ,
s s, s e r
d uc t e ni ng p d uct i
”
.

r ep ro iv ,
re a so Is ro ve .

C mp a
1 "
o the i m p e i e d sc i pt i n f P e t a ch s asc ent f M t”
re r ss v e r o o r r
’
o .

V e nt u by J ac b B u ck h a d t Di Ku l tu r d er R e nai ssanc e in I t al i en
o x, o r r e ,

1 8 69 . P .

O ne no w aw a t s a i
e s r p t o n o f t h e v e w , b ut in v a n, no t b e au se d ci i i i c
t h e p o e t is n i di
ffe re nt t o it , b ut , o n t h e o nt r ar , b e au se t h e m p re ss o n c y c i i
af c
fe t s h im a l l t o o st ro ng H is e n t r e p a st ly
e , w t h a l l it s o e s, . i l if i f lli
p asse s b f c ll
e o re h im ; h e re a s t h at it is t e n ye a rs ag o t o d ay t h at h e , -

as a o ung m an, y e t o o g n a, and h e t u rn s a l f B l

e arn ng g an e t o w a r y i l c d
I ly C o n e ss o ns o f S t b k f i A i c i
—
ta H e o p e ns a o o
. u g u st ne ,
’
h is o m p an o n .

at t h at t m e and h is e y e i a s up o n t h s p a ss ag e in t h e t e nt h f ll h ap t e r : i c
‘
a n d t h e p eo p e w e nt t h e re and a m r e l
t h e h g h m o unt a n s, t h e w e d i d i i id
w ast e s o f t h e se a a nd t h e m g h ty o w nw ar ru sh ng st r e am s, and t h e i d d i
c
o e an an d t h e o u rse s o f t h e st ars, and c
o rg o t t h e m se v e s
’
H is ro t h e r, f l b
d c
.

t o w h o m h e re a s t h e se w o r s, anno t d
o m p re h e n w hy, at t h s p o nt , h e c d i i
cl o se s t h e oo and I S S i e nt
”
b k .

l .

W un d t g i v es a st r i k i ng d e sc i pt i r on of c h l a t i c m e t h o d in h i
the s o s s
P h il o so p h l sc h e tu e n,
.

S di ”
XIII p ,
.
34 5 . T h m th d c n i t e efi t in o o s s s
“
rs

i
t h s, t h at o ne re a z e s t h e li ch i f e aim o f c i e nt i fi c i n e st i g at i o n is t h
s v e
48 8 TH E T W O K I N D S O F TH I NK I NG [pp . 8 41 -

di c s ov e r y of a c l i sh e d and c ap abl e
o m p re h e ns v e i s ch e me, fi rm ly e st ab ,
0

b i ng app l i e d in a u ni f m m a nn
e t the m t a ied p bl e m ;
or er o os v r ro s s ee

o nd ly in t h at ,
n l ay an e c i al u
o up n c
e v

t a i n g ne a l i d
s x e ss v e v e o er e r e a s,

a nd c n q u nt ly up n t h e w d ym b l d i g nat i ng t h e
,
o se e ,
o id a or -
s o s es se e s,

wh f
e re o re a n an a ly i f w d m an i n g c m in s s t m ca o t b or -
e s o e s, e x re e se s, o e

an m p t y u b t l t y a n d p l i t t i ng
e s f h i e i n t d f an i n e t i g at i n f s o a r s, s ea o v s o o

th e a l f ac t
re f m w h ich t h i d s a b t ac t d
ro e e a s a re s r e

T h e c ncl u d i n g p a ag in T aum d ut ung w as f p o ph et i c ig “

o ss e r e o r s

nifi c anc an d h a b n b i l l i ant ly t b l i h d i nc t h n t h u g h i n t i

e, s ee r es a s e s e e ro v es

g ti n
a o f t h e p yc h
s o I n th p yc h s th m d
o se s. f p at i n “
e s o se s e se o es o o er o

o f t h p yc h i c m c h n i m n m a l ly up p e
e s e d in t h e w ak i ng t at ag ai n
a s , or s r s se s e,

b c m e p at i
e o a n d t h n d i cl
o er th iv e, i n b i l i t y t o at i fy u n d e s o se e r a s s o r ee s

in t h o ut e w l d e Th i m p t anc f t h i p i t i n i e mph a i d by
r or .
”
e or e o s os o s s ze

th e i w f Pi
v e J an t d l p d i nd p nd nt ly f F u d and w h i c h
s o e r re e ,
ev e o e e e e o re ,

d e se rv e t b e m nt i n d h o b e c au t h y a dd c nfi m at i n f m a n
e o e e re , se e o r o ro

e nt i e ly d i ff e
r nt i d e n am ly t h b i l g i c a l J anet m ak e s t h e d i t inc
re s ,
e , e o o . s
t i o n in t h i f unct i o n o f a fi m ly g ani d i nf i sup e ri r
” ”
an d
“ “
s r or ze er or o

p a t c nc e i
r d f as in a t at e f c nt i nu u t an f m at i n
o ve o s o o o s r s or o .

i p a t f t h e f unct i ns o n t h e i ad apt at i on
,

I t is e a l ly n t h i up
r o s s e r or r o o r

p e e nt c i c um t anc e s t h at t h e n u o s d p e n d
,

l ut i n f t h f unct i n —t h
to r s r s T h e ne u ,es a e e r se e . ro s r
th e d i t u b anc e s o t h e ch ck s in t h e
s r r e ev o o o e o s e
i l ln d p nd i ng up n t h m b i d f unc t i n i ng f t h e g an i m T h e e
e ss e s e e o e or o o or s . s

a e c h a ac t i e d by an a l t rat i n in t h up i p a t f t h e f unct i n
nt m m e nt—
r r er z e o e s er o r r o o s,

in t h e i r e o l ut i n and in t h i a d ap t at i n t t h p
v o t the e r o o e r e se o o

p se nt t at e f t h e e t e i
re s w l d and f t h i n d i i d u al and al so b y th e
o x r or or o e v ,

ab e nc e o
s d et e i at i n f t h l d p a t f t h se am e f unct i ns
r r or o o e o r s o e s o .

I n t h p l ac e o f t h e sup i e p at i n t h a d l p d ph y i c al ;
es er or o er o s e re re ev e o e s

m e nt al and ab o e al l m t i n a l d i t u b anc
, , v T h i i n ly t h t nd e ncy
, e o o s r es . s s o e e

t o p l ac e t h e up e i
re p at i n b y an s ag g at i n
r or o f c t ai n i nf i er o s ex er o o er e r or

o p at i n
er an d e sp e c i a l ly
o s, by g i sc a l d i t u b anc s ( L e ro ss v er s r e
” “
s

Né
”
v ro se s, p .

Th l d p a t s a e i nd e e d t h i nf i
e o r p t r f t h f u nc t i o ns and t h e e
, , e er or ar s o e ,
s

re p l ac e in a p u p e l ,
f a h i n t h b t i att m p t at ad apt at i n
r os e ss s o , e a or ve e s o .

B i fly p ak i ng t h e a ch ai c p l ac t h
r e s e , c nt f unc t i n w h i c h h ar re es e re e o s

f ai l d S i m i l a i e w c nc ni ng t h n at u
e . r v f n e u t i c sym p t m s a e
s o er e re o ro o r

ex p e rd by C l ap a é d e a w l l ( Q u l q u m t su l a d é fi nit i n d e
sse r s e
“
e es o s r o

l H y st é rie ,
’ ”
Ar c h d e P sy c h o l
. .
, I VII p .

d nc
, ,

d ds y i c m ch i m
— the
h st e ro Te n a la
“
He un e rst an g en e an s as a a e
é
r v e rs o n i as a so rt o f at av s i tic m n f ct i a ne r o re a o n.

I am i nd eb t e d to Dr . Ab m fo r t h er ah a f ll o o w ng i i nt e re st ng i c om
A l itt l e gi l
m u n ic at io n : h ad b e n p e nt d o f t h re e a n d a h a lf y
“
r e a rs e re s e
i
w th a l i l b t h e w h b c am t h bj c t f t h e w l l k n w n ch i l d i h
tt e ro r, o e e e o e o e -
o s
j al u y O nc h ai d t h m t h
e o s Y u a e t w m am m a ; y u a e
e s e s o er o e r,
‘
o r o s o r

S h e h ad j u t
.

m y m am a a n d y u b a t i l i t t l b t h e m amm a
’ ’
,
o r re s s e ro r s . s
b n l k i ng o n w i t h g at i nt t at t h p c
ee oo f nu i ng I t is v e y re e re s e ro e ss o rs
”
r
c h a act i t i c f t h a c h ai c t h i nk i ng f t h e c h i l d f t h b e ast t b
.

r er s o e r o or e r o e
d i g n at d as m amm a
es e .
”

C m p a e sp c i a l ly F u d t h ug h i n t i g at i n f t h c h i l d in
o re e re
’
s o ro v es o o e
hi A na ly d P h b i e i n funfj ah ig n K n b n
s
“
se 9 2 Jah b u h
er o e es r e a e ,
”
1 1 r c ,

Pt I A l my t u dy K nfl ikt d k i ndl i c h n S l 9 2 Jah b u h

“ ”
. . so s ,
o e er e ee e, 1 1 r c ,

Pt . II , p .
33 .

22 “
H A l l T H u m an
u m a n, oo ,
”
Vo l . II , p . 27 and o n

2” “
S amm l ung kl e i n S ch i ft N l II
’

er r e n z ur e u ro se n e h re , Pt .
, p . 20 5 .
4 00 THE M I LLER P HA N TA S I E S [pp .
4 2 74 8

h i ic l J
st o r Ibid p
a T e su sb h i nd t h
.
”
t i th l if f .
, . 10 : o se e e e se s or es e e o
a l hi t ic l p
re a g w
s or l d t cc t a y m i f it w
e r so n a t e, ou no o ur o an an, e re no
f or th i fl nc f t i l i t i c th l gy I b i d p 9 T h d i i
e n ue e o
“

ra ona s eo o .
”
.
,
. : e v ne

i Ch i t
n lw y c id d
r s , i
a tt ib t a nd n
s w ith th h m
o ns e re an n ne r a r u e a o e e u an,
l d i
ea s t i g h t l i b ck w d f m t h c h l ly m
n a s ra f G d th ne
g h a ar ro e s o ar an o o ,
ro u
th eE pi t l d G p l s f thes N w T t m t t
an th A p c lyp
os f e s o e e es a en ,
o e o a se o

D i l in w h i c h t h t h l g i c l i m p i t f t h fi g
an e , f Ch i t he eo o a r n o e u re o r s as
i
a r se n At .y i ng l p i t f t h i l i ev er Ch i t h w sp h m n e o n o s ne r s s o s su er u a
t rai t ; w h i H t h t w h i c h c i t i c l t h l gy w i h d t m k H im
s no e re s e a r a eo o s e o a e ,

s i m p ly n t l m an hi t ic i di i d l
a ur a an , a s or n v ua .
”

C o m p are J B u ck h d t l t t
B nn ( p ub by H an
. r ar
’
s e er to A lb e rt re er s

B a l Jah b u h
.

B nn in t h
re er I h a ab l ut ly n th i ng t d
e s e r c , ve so e o s o re

aw ay f th or n f F au t
e p c i a l i nt p t t i
Y u a e w ll p
s e id d er re a o o s . o r e ro v e

w i t h c m m nt a i f al l
o t H a k ! l t u s at nc t ak e t h e w h l
e r es o so r s . r e o e o e

f l i h p ack b ack t t h e
oo s d i ng m f m w h nc t h y h a c m o re a -
ro o ro e e e ve o e .

W h at y u a d t i n d t fi nd in F au t t h at y u w i l l fi nd b y i nt ui t i n
o re es e o s , o o .

F au t i n t h i ng l t h an p u e an d l g i t i m at m yt h a g at p i m i t i
s s o e se r e e ,
re r ve

c nc pt i n
o e t p ak in w h i c h
o ,
y n c an d i i n in h i w n w ay
so o s e ,
ev er o e v e s o

hi w n n tu
s o and d t i ny A l l w m t m ak a c m p a i n W h a t
a re es . o e o e o r so :

w ul d th
o anc i nt G k h a e i d h ad a c mm nt at i nt p d h im
e e re e s v sa o e or er o se

self b t w n t h m and t h O d i pu l g nd ? T h
e ee e w a a ch d f th e e s e e e re s or o e

O d i p u l g nd in
e y G k w h i c h l ng d t b t u c h d d i c t ly and
s e e ev er re e o e o e o e re

re s p n d in it s o w n w ay
o And t h u s it is w i t h t h e G m an n at i n and . er o

F au st .
”

I w il l no t o i m I w in d b t w h th
c nc e a l the f ac t t h at fo r a t e as ou e er

I d nt
are v e t l t h ghu re ly i t h i nt i m t p
o re v e a l i t y w h i ch ro u an a s s e a e e rso n a
th e th au w ith c t i n n lfi h c i nt i fic i nt t h
o r, a er a p d t u se s s e e re s ,
as ex o se o

p b l ic
u i w Y t it m d t m t h t t h w i t w l d p
V e . e se e n e o e a e r er ou o sse ss a

un d t d i ng d p t h n ny bj ct i
e r s an f my c i t i c
ee er Th i l w y a a o e o ns o r s . e re s a a s

so m i k wh n
e r s p e lf t t h w l d T h b c f
o ne ex o se s o ne s
’
se o e or . e a se n e o

an y p l l
e rso n at i n w i t h M i M i l l
re a p m i t om f p c h n d l ss er er s e re e s ee , a a so

ex e m pt m f m t h s c id ti
e ro d w m n w h ich o se p j d ic i l
o ns e ra o ns ue o a a re re u a

to c ncl io Th us o ns
p f th . th i th t
e cc nt j te rso n o e au or s on a a ou us as

s h d wy t m
a o h o ph t i ; d l i k O dy
e as a re I h er t i d an a s e s an , e s se u s, av e r e

to l t t h i ph
e t m d i ks ly g h
an o bl d t n bl it t
r n p k n d
on e no u oo o e a e o s ea , a
in d i ng b t y m f t h e c t f t h i
so o e ra sol if e o e s re s o e n ne r e .

Ih n tav e d t k n th i o ly i f w h i c h t h
un er a th e w m b t s an a s s, or e au or o es e u
l i t t l t h nk f t h p l
e a s, f or li g p i t e d i t i m t m tt
e a su re o re v e a n r v a e an n a e a e rs,

w it h th cc m p ny i ng m b
e a om t f p bl i c i t y b t b c u
a eI wi h d a rr a ss en o u u e a se s e
c t f t h i nd i i d l
,

to s h w th o e se re n c mm n t l l
o e v ua as o e o o o a .

C H A PTER II
A e y b e aut i f u l e am p l f t h i i f und in C A B e no u l l i : F ran
1
v r x e o s s o . . r
“
z
O b ck u nd F i d i c h N i t c h
v er e E i n F und sc h aft r e9 8 ( Pt Ir e zs e . e re ,
”
1 0 .
,

p . T h i aut h d p i c t N i t c h b h i in B a l c i t y O nc e
s or e s e zs
’
e s e av o r s e so e :
“

a t a d i nn h i d t t h y u ng l ady at h i i d I d am d a h o rt ‘
er e sa o e o s s e, re e s

t im ag e th t th k i n f m y h nd w h i ch l ay b f
o a m e n th st abl o a , e o re e o e e,
s u dd n ly b c m
e l i k g l as h i ny and t an p nt t h ug h w h i c h I aw
e a e e s, s r s a re ,
ro s
d i t i nct ly t h b n
s nd t h ti u nd t h
e p l ay f t h m u cl
o es A l l at
a e ss es a e o e s es .

o nc I w a t d i t t i ng n m y h and nd t t h am t i m I f l t n
e sa oa s o a a e s e e e a
i i t i bl c m pu l i n t w l l w t h b a t I
rr e s s e o c m m y t i bl
s o o s a o e e s . ov e r a e e rr e

a i n and g u l p d it d w n T h y ung l dy l u g h d And d y u

v e rs o e o .
’
e o a a e .
‘
o o
l aug h at t h at ? N i t c h k d h i d p y fi e d n h i c mp ani n
’
e zs e as e ,
s ee e es x o s o o ,
pp .
49 8 6 ]
-
TH E H YM N OF C RE AT I ON 49 1

ha lf q u t i n i ng h a lf
es o w f ul T h y u ng l ady k n w i nt u i t i
,
so rro ly t h at . e o e ve

sh e d i d n t w h l ly und e t and t h at an acl h a d p k n t h in t h e

o o rs or e s o e o er
fo rm f an o l l g y a n d t h at N i t c h h a d
a e or al d t h a g l i m p se e zs e re v e e o er

i nt t h d a k aby f h i i nn
o e r lf O n p ag
ss o 66 B n ul l i s n er se .
”
e 1 er o co
t in u f ll w O n c an p h ap b h i nd t h t h m l pl a u
“
aes s o o s: e er s se e , e a ar e ss e s re
o f f au l t l ac t n
e ss in d ex a d ad f c o nt am i nat i n a i i ng f m
e ss r e ss, re o o r s ro
so m e m y t e i u a nd t m nt i ng d i g u t
s r o s or e s s .
”

N i t c h w e nt t B a l w h n h w a
e zs e o y y ung ; h w as t h n j u t
s e e e s v er o e e s
at t h e ag w h n th e y un g p p l a e c nt m p l at i ng m a i ag S at e d
e o er o eo e r o e rr e . e
n ext t a y u n g w m an
o h t ll h
o t h at m t h i ng t
o ,
i bl nd d i e e s er so e e rr e a s

g u t i ng i t ak i ng p l ac
s s in h i t an p a nt h an d m e t h i ng w h i c h h
e s r s re , so e
m u t t ak c m p l t ly i nt
s e o h i b dy W kn w w h t i l l n
e e o c au d t h
s o . e o a e ss se e

p m at u n d i ng f N i t ch l i f e I t w a p c i ly t h i w h i c h h ’
re re e o e zs e s . s re se s e

w u l d t l l t h e y u ng l ady and h
o e l ug h t w i n d d d i c d ant
o , er a er as ee s or .

2
A wh le i o f p yc h ana ly t i c e p e i e nc e
se r e s o c ul d asi ly b e p r
s o x r s o e o

d uc d h e t o i l l u t at
e re thi t at m nt s r e s s e e .

z
’
F e re nc z i : I nt j k t i
ro e o n un d U b e rt rag ung ,
”
J a h rb u c h , Pt . I

C HA P T ER III
1
T he c ic
h o e o f w o r s a nd o m p a r so n s is d c i a l w ay s si g ni fi c ant . A
yc l
p s h o o gy o f t r av e s an d t h e u nco n s o us o r e s l ci f c c o - o p e rat i ng W th i t h em
is y e t t o b e w r t t e n i .

Th i
2
b c
m e nt a
s st u r an e l di
h ad u nt r e e nt the v er u n o rt u nat e il c ly y f
d ign ti
es D
a o n, i P c e m e nt a ra e o x , g v e n r ae p e n I t is e x t r e m e iun by K li . ly
f i l dy
o rt un at e t h at t h s m a a sh o u h av e een s o v e re the ps h ld b di c d by yc i
at rist s, fo r it s ly ap p a r e n t b a d p ro g n o s s is d u e t o t h s r u m st an e i i ci c c .

D i c y
e m e nt a p r a e o x is s n o ny m o u s w t h t h e rap e ut h o p e e ssn e ss H ow i ic l .

ld y i
w ou if j d
h st e r a ap p e a r u ge ro m t h e st an p o nt o f p s d f
h at r ! d i yc i y
c i i l ly
T h e p sy h at r st n at u ra se e s in t h e n st t u t o n s o n t h e w o r st a se s i i i ly c
ofd i c
e m e nt a p r a e o x , an d a s a o n se u e n e o f h is t h e ra p e ut c
h e p e ss q c ic l l
ne ss h e m ust b e a p e ss m st H ow e p o ra i i
e w ou t u e r u o s s a pp e ar d l bl ld b c l i
i c bl d c i b d
.

if t h e ph s y ici
a n o f an a s u m fo r t h e n u ra e yl
es r e t h e n o so o g l y
i di
of th s se a se ! u st a s t t e as t h e J h ro n li l
a se s o f h st e r a, w h h c ic c y i ic
d l ly d
g ra u a e g e ne r at e in n s an e as um s, a re i
h ara t e r st of re a yl c c i ic l
y i j
h st e r a, u st s o t t e a re t h e li l
a se s o f e m e nt a p r a e o x in a s u m s c d i c yl
c c i ic
h ar a t e r st ly f
o f t h o se e a r o rm s so c ic
re u e nt in g e n e ra p r a t e , an d f q l
ic J
wh h an e t d c ib d
h as es r d e i
u n e r t h e n am e o f P s h a st h e n a T h e se yc .

c a se sf ll d Bl l
a un e r d c i
eu er s
’
e s r pt o n o f ic
h z o p h re n a, a n am e w h h i Sc i i
c o n no t e s a yc l i c l f c
ps ho og a a t, an d m g h t e as d i be o m p ar e w th i i ly c
i il f c
s m ar y i
a t s in h st e r a T h e t e rm w h h i k
u se in m y p r v at e w o r
. ic I
c di i I i
fo r t h e se o n t o n s is nt ro v e r s o n e u ro s s, i i
w h h , in my o p n o n, N i by i c
t h e m o st i c c i ic
m p o rt ant h ar a t e r st o f th e on ly
t o n is g v e n, n am e , th e c di i i
d i c
p re o m n a n e o f i i
nt ro v e r s o n ov er t r a ns e re n e , w h h at t e r is t h e f c ic l
c c i ic f
h a ra t e r st y i
e at u re o f h st e r a

P yc l y D i P c
.

I n my
“
s ho og of I
e m e nt a r ae o x d dy
h av e n o t m a e any st u
l i i
o f t h e r e at o n sh p o f t h eP yc i
s J S b q
h a st h e n a o f a ne t i c u s e u e nt e x p e r e n e .

i D
w th i P c
e m e nt a i c l ly
r ae o x , a nd p a rt dy u ar P yc t h e st u i of s h ast h en a in
i
P ar s, h av e d d
e m o n st r at e i l l i
t o m e t h e e sse n t ai J re a t o n sh p of
’
ane t s

i I i N
g ro up w t h t h e nt ro v e rs o n Sc i i
e uro se s ( t h e Bl l h z o p h re n a o f eu er) .

C mp a th i mi l
3
o i w in m y t i cl
re e Ub s d i P yc h l g i d
ar v e s ar e, er e s o o e er

D m nt i a p c
e e H al l 9 7 ; nd I nh al t d P ych
ra e ox ,
”
D ut i k
e 1 0 a
“
er s o se ,
”
e c e,

W i e n 90 8 A l o A b ah am : D i p y h
1 . u l l en
s Di ff en n d er
r e s c o se x e er ze
402 THE HY M N OF C RE AT I O N [pp .
49 8 6
-

Hy der
st e r e ie m e nt a p ra e o x ,
u nd D
Z e nt ra l b l a t t fur N e rv e nh e il leu nd e i c ”

u nd P sy c h iat rie , 1 9 0 8 h s au t h o r, in su p p o rt o f re u , e ne s t h e
. T i F d d fi
c i f c
h e h a r a t e r st of e m e nt a c i ic
p rae ox as ut o e ro t sm , w h h as d i c A i ic I
h av e asse rt e is o n d ly
o n e o f t h e r e su t s o f nt ro v e r s o n l I i .

‘
F re u d , t o w h om I am i nd b t d e e fo r a n e sse nt a p art o f t h s v e w , i l i i
a sol sp e a k s of
“
H l ung s
ei v e rsu ch ,
”
t h e at t e m p t t o w ar ure , t h e se ar h d c c
fo r h e a t h l .

Mi Mill ss er s
’
p ub l i c at i o n g i v e s no h i nt o f any k no w e l dg e of ps ych o
ana lysis .

6
He e I r c t t h e t e m I m ag
p u rp o se ly g i at h t h an
ve p re f e re n e o r o r er

to th e p i n C m p l e in d e by t h ch i c f t m i n l g y t o
ex r e ss o
“
o x,
”
or r, e o e o er o o ,

i n st t h i p yc h l g i c a l c nd i t i n w h i c h I i ncl u d und
ve s s o o I m ag o o ,
e er
“
o,
”

w i t h l i i ng i n d p n d n c v in t h p yc h i c a l h i
e a chye t h at i e t ay e e s er r , s o s ,

w i t h t h at a ut n m y w h i c h f m a l a g o e p
o i nc I h a cl ai m e d ,
ro r e x er e e, ve

sse nt i a l p c u l i a i t y f t h em t i nal c mp l ( C mp a T he “
a s the e e r o e o o o ex . o re
P yc h l g y f D m nt i a
s o o o My c it i c Ie el in p c i l ly h a e r s, s se r es e a ,
v

e n in t h i
s e i w a t u n t m d i l p ych l gy and t h y h a t h e
s v e re r o e ev a s o o , e v e, re

f e e j e c t d it ut t ly T h i
or ,
r e tu n t k p l ac n m y p a t c o n
er . s
“
re r
”
oo e o r

sc i u l y a nd i nt nt i n a l ly b e c a u e t h
o s p h ant a t i c p j c t e d p yc h l gy
e o s e s ,
ro e s o o

o f a nc i nt nd m d e n up ti ti n
a p c i a l ly d m n l g y
o er f u ni h s e rs o , es e e o o o ,
r s es
e h au t i e
x s i d nc f t h i p i nt f V i w P a t i c u l a ly i nt t i ng
v ev e e or s o o e . r r e re s

i n i g h t and c nfi m at i n i g i n u b y t h e i n ane S c h b in an ut
s o r o s ve s s re er a o
b i g aph y ( D nkw ii d ig k it n i n N e nk ank e n M ut L i p i g )
o r
“
e r e e e es e rv r ,
”
ze , e z ,
wh h ha gi
e re n c mpl t
e p
s i n t t h d ct i ne f aut n my
ve o e e ex re ss o o e o r o o o .

“
I m ag h as a si g ni fic anc i m i l a n t h n h and t t h p ych
o
”
e s r o e o e o e s o
l o g i c al ly c nc i d c at i n in S p i t t l o e ve n el I m ag and up n t h e
re o e er s
’
ov
“
o, o

h an d t o t h e anc i nt e l i g i u c nc e p t i n f i m ag i n s t l a s ” “
o th e r e r o s o o o e e re .

7
C mp a my a t i cl e
o Die B e d e ut ung d e s V at rs fu d as S c h i c k sal
re r ,
“
e r

d es Ein ln n ze e .
”

As i w l l k n w n A na ag ra d e e l p e d t h e c nc p t i n t h at t h e
’‘
s e o , x o s v o o e o

l i i ng p i m a l p o w e ( U p t n ) f w i g ( m i n d ) i m p a t m e me nt as
v r r r o e z o r s ov ,

i f by a bl a t f w i nd t t h d ad p i m a l p w ( U p t n ) f m at t
s o o e e r o er r o e z o e r.
Th e e i nat u a l ly n m e nt i n f und T h i
,

r s r b g w h i ch io e y o o so . s vo , s v r

s i m i l a t t h e l at c nc pt i n f P h i l t h 3 67 9 pfl 6§ o f t h e
r o er o e o o o, e 0
’
0 7T€ a Tt tc

G n t i c s and t h e P au l i n
os 71 ( S p i i t ) as w l l a t t h m i x f the e 77 11 8 1 1 0 r e s o e e ta o
c nt e m po a y C h i t i an t h l g i an h as at h t h e l d myt h l g i c a l
o r r r s eo o s, r er o o o

s i g ni fi c anc e f t h e f uct i fy i ng b at h f t h e w i n d w h i c h i m p g nat d

o r re o s, re e

th em f L u i t ani a
a re s nd t h
o E gypt i n u l t u s Th n i m at i n
, f a e a v re s . e a o o
A d am and t h e i m p g nat i n f t h M t h f G d by t h w b /
re a p o o e o er o o e e ta re ro

d u d in a i m i l a m nn
ce T h e i nf nt i l e i nc t p h nt a y f n
s r a f my er . a es a s o o e o

p a t i e nt s e a d t h f
r at h e c o e s:d h e f ac e w i t h h is h and s and b l ew
“
e r v re r

i nt o her open m o ut h .
”

H ayd n ’
s C re at i o n i
m g h t b e m e ant .

1 °
See J ob xv i: 1 -
1 1 .

I c as f a y ung i n an g i l w h c nt i nu a l ly i m ag i ne d
re c al l the e o o s e r o o

t h at h i nn c nc w er u p ct d f m w h i c h t h ug h t h w u l d n t
o e e as s s e e ,
ro o s e o o

al l w h o lf t b d i u ad d G d u l ly t h
e rse o d l p d ut f h e
e ss e . ra a e re ev e o e o o r
d fen i
e t t i t ud
s ve a c p n d i ng ly n g t i c p i t i
a e t m an i a o rre s o e er e os ve e ro o .

C m p e t h p c d i ng f t n t w i t h t h t t f M i M i l l
o ar e re e oo o e e ex o ss er s
’
.

Th ca i e p u bl i h d in Z
se u P ych l g i und P at h l g i e
s s e r s o o e o o
so g n a nntee kk u l t P h a n m n r o M ut L i p i g 9 er o e e .
”
ze
,
e z 1 02 .
 49 4 TH E H YM N OF C RE AT I O N [pp .
49 8 6
-

Th en th e
Sea to t h e ru e r, t h e ru er told t h e s a o r, dd dd ld il
Th e s a o r p ut it il i
nt o so n g , t h e n t h e n e g h o r h e a r it , i b d
Th e n t h e p r e st h e ar i
it an d t o m y m o t h e r, d ld
F
ro m h e r t h e a t h e r h e ar f
it , h e g o t in a u rn ng a ng e r, d b i
T yq
he u a rre e ll d
w t h m e a n d o mm a n e m e a n d t h e h av ei c d d y f o b i dd e n m
r e

Ev er t o go to t he o o r, e v e r t o g o t o t h e w n o w d i d .

An d y e t w I
g o t o t h e w n o w as ill t o my o w e rs, i d if fl
And ne v e r w r e st t ill I
m y e o v e is m ne il l b l d i .

Jo b x l i : 1 3 ( e v at h an )L i
fl
.

21 . H is re at h b n et h o a s, a nd a k i dl c l
am e g o e t h o ut o f h is m o ut h .

22 . I n h is ne ck i
re m a n e t h st re ng t h , a nd so rro w is t u rn e nt o j o y d i
b f
e o re h im .

24 . H is h e a rt is a s fi rm a s a st o ne ; y e a, a s h ar a s a p e e o f t h e d i c
ne t h e r m st o n e ill
f i d by
.

25 . W i
h e n h e r a se t h u p h m se , t h e m g h t are a r a : re a so ni lf i y
of re ab ng s t h e pur ki t h e m se v e s y i fy l .

33 . U p o n e art h t h e re is no t h is e w h o is m a e w t h o ut e ar l ik d i f .

34 . b ld
H e e h o e t h a l l h gh t h n g s : h e is a ng o v e r a l l t h ei h re n i ki c ild
o f pr e
”
id .

C h ap t e r x l ii .

T h n J b n w d t h L d nd i d
“
1 . e o a s e re e or ,
a sa ,

2 I kn w th t th u c n t d
. o yt h i ng nd t h t n t h ugh t n
a o a s o ev er , a a o o ca
b w i th h l d n f m t h ”
e o e ro ee .

Th th i m ph i c t t i b ut
e er o orl ck i ng in t h Ch i t i n l i g i n
a r es a re a e r s a re o

ex c pt e m n nt as ch re th D a ths, F i h nd t h L m b T h
su as e ov e, e s a e a . e

l tt i l
a er ps nt d
a so R m i th
re re s e d w i ng in t h C t c m b
e as a a n e ra s e a a o s .

H b l ng t h ni m l
e re e o c i t d w i t h t h E g l i t w h i ch p t i
e a a s a sso a e e v an e s s ar cu

l ly n d h i t i c l
ar ee pl n ti n s or T h E gl a nd t h
ex L i n w d fi ni t
a a o . e a e a e o e re e e

d g e f i n i t i t i n in t h
re e s o M i t h i c my t i
a o Th w h i pp ef ra s er es . e o rs e rs o
Di ny u c l l d t h m l
o s s a 136 ; b c
e th
e g d w p
se v e s nt d 5 e au se e o as re r e se e as a
b l l ; l i k w i t h ip
u e f A t mi
se e c nc i d f t /( Tot h b o r e s, o e ve o as a s e- e ar .

T h A ng l m i g h t c
e e p n d t t h il é dpq m f th
o rr e s M ith my t i
o o e t t u o e r as s er es .

I t i i nd d s n q i i t i n t i n f t h C h i t i n ph nt y t h t t h
ee a ex u s e v en o o e r s a a as a e

a ni m l c p l d w i t h S t A nt h ny i t h
a ou e p ig f th g d i nt w
. n o s e , or e oo sa as o e

o f th wh w o se bj c t d t t h d i l m t i l t m p t t i n
o e re su e e o e ev
’
s os ev e a o s .

C mp Pfi t n t bl t i cl Di F mm ig k it d G f n
’ “
o are s er s o a e ar e : e ro e es ra e

L u d w i g n Zi n n d rf W i n 9
vo ze o .
”
e 1 10 .

Th E k f
e i g i n t i ng t l t p i d un d n n J w i h
po o or a a a a er er o er o -
e s
nfl u nc t k ng p nt t i n f i nd i i d l p j c t i n p yc h l gy
0

i e e s, Is a s ri i r e se a o o v ua ro e o s o o .

in w d c i l
“
lf w w h
’

f y en sa e u av e nd t h t ut h i
o s , e e e ve o rse v e s, a e r s

( I J hn
”
n t o n u i s o

S u e ly h h b n u g i e f nd c i d u o w s ( I sai ah
r e as or e o r r s a arr e o r s rro
”

l i ii 4 ) : .

B
2“ “
y n e ar n th bu d n ( G l ti n i: 2 )
e o e a o er s
’
r e s a a a s v .

G d i L c p n d i ng t p l t ni c E w h i c h uni t
”
th
“
o s ov e , o rre s o o e a o ro s es
h um ni t y w i t h t h t n c nd nt l
a e ra s e e a .

C mp R it n t in
o a re Di eh l l n i t i c h n M y t i n l ig i n n
ze s e e e e s s e s er e re o e

L ip ig d B l in 9 p
,

e z an er Am g t h 1 i f m w i t h w h i ch
1 0, .
“
on e v ar o u s or s
a p imit i r p pl h ve p nt d t h
eo e h i gh t l ig i
av e c n c ti re re se e e es re o us o se ra on,
un i n w i t h G d
o b l ng n c o i ly t h t f t h
, e o l i n in w h i c h
s e e ss a r a o e s ex u a un o ,

m n t t i b ut
a a t hi
r m n th es i nn m t n t
o s nd p w
se f G d
e e er os a u re a o er o o .
pp .
49 8 6 ]
-
TH E H YM N OF C RE AT I ON 49 5

Th at wh i ch w a s in t h e fi rst i n t ncs a e who l ly a se nsu a l ac tb c m e o es in

the m o st w i d ly
e s e p a r at e d l ac
p e s, i d n epe n d e nt ly , a sac d t re ac ,
in
wh ich the god is re p re s e nt e d by a h um an d e p uty or hi sym b l s o th e
P h al l us .
”

T k n a mp l m ng m ny t h
e as a th t i k i ng p yc h l g i c d
ex a e a o a o e rs e s r s o o e
c i pt i n f t h f t f Aly p i in t h
s r o o C nf i n
e a e f S t A ug t i n
o u s, e
“
o e ss o s
”
o . us e

( B k VI Ch O n ly t h m l i ni q i t y f C t h g d in t h
“
.
, .
p e o ra u o ar a e, ex re sse e
a b l t w i ld n of it w th l
so u e p c t cl h d
e ss d w h im d w
s n i nt or e ss s e a e s, a ra n o o
th w hi lp
e l f th i m i y [A ug t i n
r oo ot th t t i m t
s ch f se r us e, a a e a ea er o

L g i c t h g h h i w i d m h d c n t d A lyp i ) H
.

o ,
ro u s p
s ft
o a o v er e us . e ro se u a er

th w d
o se f m t h d pt h f t h m i i nt w h i c h h h d w i l l i g ly
or s ro e e s o e re , o e a n
l t h i m lf b
e b m g d nd w h i c h h d bl i nd d h im w i t h f t l p l
se e su er e a a e a a e a su re .

t i pp d t h
,

H e s r fil t h f m ff h i u l w i t h c
e e g b t mi n ro o s so o ur a e o us a s e o us e ss .

Al l th n f t h H i pp d m n l ng
e s a re s o p pl d h im T h
e p n o ro e o o er er ex e . e re u o
A ly p i w nt t usR m in d t t dy l w ; t h e o h ob c m e b ck or er o s u a e re e e a e a a
slid H w er .t n p t d t n e nb l i bl d g
as ra by n nf t t
s or e o a u e ev a e e re e a u o r un a e

p i n f g l d i t i l h w A l th g h in t h b g i nni ng h b m
a ss o or a a or a s o s ou e e e a o

f h i f i nd
.

in t d a e nd c u d th a h w n n i ng rse m e se nd s o s, o e ev e so e o s r e s a
f l l w t d nt w h m h m t f t t h y h d d i n d in p i t f h i p
e o -
s u e s, o e e a er e a e ,
s e o s as
i n t
s o f l nd t h
a e re ti n f
u sa sl l th p w a f hi i t nc e ex e r o o a e o er o s re s s a e,
d g g d h im w i t h f i n dly i l c t t h A m p h i t h t
ra e
‘

n th
r e cc i n v o en e o e e a re o e o as o
of c u l nd m d
a r hibiti n
e a At t h t i m h ur i d t th m If
e ro u s ex o . e e e sa o e ,
‘

yo u myd r ag
o l c ld
t o t h at p a e a n d h o b dy it t h e re , c an y o u t u rn m y
i d c cl
m n an d my e y e s t o t h at s p e t a e ? i l ic i
I n sp t e o f h is su p p yat o ns t h e
d r ag g e d i k
h im w t h t h e m , e ag e r t o no wif ld
h e w ou bl i
b e a e t o re s st t h e
c cl W
sp e t a e y i d y
h e n t h e a rr v e
. d the s at l c ill l f
o w n w h e re p a e w a s st e t,
l
an d a l l g o w e d i i d li
w t h nh u m a n cl d
e ght He y
o se f b d
h is e es a nd o r a e .

l i lf
h is so u t o e x p o se t se c d t o su h if
a ng e r 0, l d
h e h ad a so st o p p e up .

h is e a rs ! W f ll
h e n so m e o n e c b e in o m at l
an d a l l t h e p e o p e se t up
i y
a m g ht ifl d
sh o u t , ; h e s t c i iy
e h is u r o s t d
a n d p r e p ar e dly p ro u c t o s o rn
i
the s ght, c fid
on c ld i
e nt t h at h e ou c cl i f
v e w t h e sp e t a e d i d
h e so e s re .

l c i i bl
An d h is so u w as o v e r o m e w t h t e rr e w o u n s, d l ik d
e t he w oun s of

th e b dy i c
o w h h he d i d e s re l i bl
t o se e , and so u s m o re m se ra e t h an t h e o ne

w h o se a f ll c d
h a d a u se cy ic i
t h e o u t r , w h h p re ss ng t h ro ug h h is e a rs, h ad
o p e ne d y k
h is e e s, so t h at h is w e a n e ss h ad b b d T ee n are i
h ro u g h t h s h e .

c ld
ou b e st ruck d
a nd t h ro w n f li
o w n , fo r h e h a d t h e c fid c
e e ng o f on en e

k b c
m o re t h an st re ng t h , and h e w as t h e w e a e r e au se h e t r u st e d i lf h m se
i
t o t h s and no t t o T W he e bl d
h e n h e s aw t h e o o , t h e n at t h e s am e
.

i
t me h e d re w in t h e d i bl d
e s re fo r l
o o , a nd no d y
o n g e r t urn e aw a b ut
di c d
re t e l k i
h is o o s t h t h e r f y k
T h e ur t o o i p o sse ss o n o f h im and y e t h e
.

did no t k k d li
no w it ; h e t o o i ck d c b
e g h t in t h e w e o m at and w a s int o x i

c at e d by the bl dy l
oo p e a su r e N o w h e lw a s n o o n g e r t h e s am e a s
. w h e n
h e h ad c cc
o m e , a n d h e w a s t h e t ru e a l ic o mp fi
e o f t h o se w h o rst h ad

d r ag g ed h im t he re W c i d
h at m o re is t h e re t o s ay ? H e s aw , h e r e
. o ut ,

i fl d
h e w as n am e , an d h e c i d y i
ar r e aw a i l i
w t h h im t h e n s an e o ng n g ,

ic
w h h e nt e ic d i ly
h im a g a n t o re t u rn, n o t o n c y
in t h e o m p an o f t h o se w h o
fi rst h a d
”
d d
r ag g e i i
h im w t h t h e m , b ut g o ng ah e a d l di
o f a l l an d ea ng
o t h e rs .

C o m p are t he p ra ye r of the c al l d M i t h ai c L i t u gy ( p ub by
so - e r r .

Di et e r i ch ) . Th e re , ch a ra ct er s i t i c p l ac a t b f und uch f in es re o e o ,
s or

st an e c as : t i j g av fipwn iv ng uov t vxt m g

, b j
‘
dvv czuewg 771) Syd) m il “ ) uer a rrapah ryui/J oua c
' ’

ar d w év co r di oav Ka i ua r etre iyovo dv s u mpdv civ é ymyv d xpeoxé u n (T he

‘

u
‘
rov
‘

rt
y
h um an so u l f c or e wh i ch I , w e gh e i d d ow n by gu i lt ,
w ou ld
ag a n at t a n , i i
b c au nt b i t t d i é m fcall oiJ/t at 5m m 7 77?
'

e se of t h e p re se er nee o p p r e ss n g me ) .
49 6 THE H YM N OF C RE AT I O N [pp .
49 8 6
-

xar en c cyo a ng b '

Ka i rruc
p d g drra a cr rrrov 00 01 40 74
p 7
’

(On a cc o unt of th e o p p re ss
ing b itt er a nd in ex o ra bl e ne e d) .

F m t h p c h f t h H i g h P i t ( Ap u l i u
ro e s ee M t am ph o e r es e s: e or o se s,
l i b XI 2 4 8 ) a i m i l a t ai n f t h ug h t m ay b g at h d T h y ung
s r r o o e e re e o

L u c i u w c h ng d i n t n
. .
,

ph i l pho so er t h at c n t i n u u ly
s ut t i ng as a e o a a s s, o o s r

a ni m a l w h i c h I i h at d L t h w a l d f m t h nc h ant m nt
s s e . a er e s re e a s e ro e e e

a n d i n i t i at d i nt th my t i f I i
e Wh n h w f d f m t h
o e s er es o s s e e as re e ro e
Lu b i c i nt i a t t ul a ad
.

s p l l t h p i t p ak a f l l w :
e e r es s e il ss s o o s r o v re s e a e, s e rv e

i i
i —N
d e l ap s u s v o l u p t at e s, c u rio sit at is im p ro sp e r ae s n st ru m p r a e m ium re
q u um i b i i t iti m D
p o rt ast
j t
es a in d i
s vc a it n
.

n h a b t l c um
am
c u i
vn f t
in
,
u — u
o
e o s,
a n
in t ut l am j am
t a ma
c pt u e
or

o
s

as
v

s
as

es
se rv

s e
e e os r

re
e

e s

( B ut f l l i ng i nt t h l a y f p l a u in ”
es F t un aor d id nt i e, se v e s a o e s v er o e s re ,
f b u m y ut h y u h a p d t h i n au p i c i u wa d
f y u i l l f at d c u i i t y—
t h e w ant nn o e ss o xo o ,
o v e re a e e s o s re r

o o r f -
d i f u l c a l am i t y h a n p w
e r os th or re s o o er ov er o se

wh li
o se th m aj e t y v es f u G dd e ha cl a i m d f h s wn o o r o e ss s e or er o

se rv ic Y u e . n w -
c e i d u n d t h g u a d i an h i p f f t u n b u t
o a re o re ve er e r s o or e,

o f a f t u n w h c an
or ) I n th p y
e t o th Qu n f H a n I i se e . e ra er o e ee o e ve ,
s s,

L uc i u ay : Qu a fat um t i am in t i ab il it c nt t a t act a l i c i a
s s s
“
or e ex r c er o or re r s

et F o rt u n a e t e m p e st at e s m t g a s, e t st e l l a ru m no x io s m e at u s c o h ib e s ii ”

( By w h h th ou ico st u nr av e th e d
n ex t r a e n t an g e l
t h re a s o f t h e i i c bly l d d
f d f i li
—G
at e s, a n d o st a ssu ag e t h e t e m p e st s o f o rt u n e an d r e st ra n t h e m a g

n ant i fl
n u e n e s o f t h e st ars ) c e n e ra it w a s t h e p u rp o se o f t h e r t e
. l ly i
to d
e st ro th e il c
evy l i
o m p u s o n o f t h e st ar by ic ”
m ag po w e r .

f
T h e p o w e r o f at e m a e s t se k i lf f l l ly ly
e t u n p e as ant on y i w h e n e v e r t h ng
g o e s a gia n s t o u r il l
w ; t h a t i s t o s ay w hle n w e n o o n l
g e r fi n d o u r se v e s

y i
in h arm o n w t h o ur se v e s l I d As d
e n e av o r e i cl
t o sh o w in my a rt . e,

Die B d e e ut u ng d e s V at e r s ,
”
d
e t c , t h e m o st f li
ang e ro u s p o w e r o f at e es .

i f i l l ibid fi i l c l i d
in t h e n ant e o x at o n, o a ze c ci
in t h e u n o n s o u s T h e po w e r .

of f at e l i lf
rev e a s t se cl
at o se r r a ng e c l i
as a l ibid
o m pu s o n of t h e o ;

f
w h e re o re M l i ck j ly y
aet e r n u st S c
sa s t h at a c ld o r at e s i bly
ou n o t p o ss be
a t r ag ic y
h e ro o f t h e t p e o f H l am e tcc d c i i c c i
I n a o r an e w t h t h s o n e p t o n .

ci l dy l c d
t h e an e n t s h a d a r e a p a e d i y
e i ap/t é v n
u ( l i i l
e st n ) in re at o n t o
“
Pr m a
Li g h t ,
”
p r
“
i l Fi
P r m a re IS ic c c i
n t h e t o o n e pi l c
t o n o f
. t h e p r m a a u se ,

t h e w arm t h sp re a d y ic
e v e r w h e re , w h c d y i
h h a s re a t e ic
e v e r t h ng a nd w h h
f
is t h e re o re D i y e st n ( C o m p ar e C um o nt :My i “
. Mi st e r e n d e s t h r a,
”
p .

T i h s w a rm t h is, a s w ill l y b l
at e r b e sh o w n , a s m o l ibi d of t h e o .

A no t h e r c c i
o n e pt o n o f t h e A k c iy
n an e cc d i B k
( ne e ss t ) is, a o r ng t o t h e o o
of Z o ro a st e r, t repi 9 2 c c i i d
5130 8 0 9 ( o n e rn ng n at u re ) , t h at t h e a ir a s w n h ad
c
on e a c ci i f ili y I
o nn e t o n w t h e rt t i db d am n e te K ll
to Rev Dr e er of . . .

Z ic
u r h fo r c lli a i
ng m y at t e nt o n t o B e rg so n s c c i ’
d é
o n e pt o n o f t h e
“
ur e
c é t ic
r a r e .
”

S ch i l l y in W l l n t i n
er sa In y s b t li th c n t ll a e s e
”
:
“
o ur re a s e e o s e a

ti f y f t f t lt f l i ty y
” “ ”
o ns o O o ur th a e .
p ur a es a re e re su o o ur e r so n a ,
sa s

Em E y C mp w i th th i m k ”
n in h i
e rs o s my ss a in s Di . o a re s re ar s e

B d t ng d V t
e eu u es a e rs .
”

Th c nt t t he Id
as e i d c ib d w i th o n l b t y in
e ea s es r e u u su a e au
A g tin ( B k X Ch
u us e T h b gi i g f Ch 8
.
,
d I will i
. e e nn n o . re a s:
“
r a se

m y lf se th i f c f my n t
ov er t p by s t p
or e c d i g t H im w h o a u re , s e s e as e n n o o

h as m d m a I w i l l c m t t h fi ld nd t h p c i p l c f my
e e . o e o e e s a e s a ous a a es o
m e mo r y .
”

f ll w
T he f M i t h a al c l l d th m l
o B o e rs o r so a e e se v e s ro t h e rs . In
ph i l i c al p ch M i th w a L g m anat i ng f m G d
o so p h s ee ra s o os e ro o .
( C u m o nt :
My t d M i t h
s p. es r a,
”
.

B i d th f l l w
es f M ith
es th i t d m any B
e o o e rs o ra e re ex s e ro t h e rh o o d s
49 8 TH E SO N G OF TH E M O TH [pp . 87 -
1 26

C o mp are F re u d : “
T he I nt p er i
re t at o n o f t h e D re am .

C o m p are F re u d : “
S b l im t i
u a o n, in Th re e C o nt ri b ut i o ns to the
Se x ua l Th eor y .

In m anne r w h h is
a o se ic
my t h o u g h t , a th o f
f cl ly r e at el d to K l
E n t st e h un g d e s C h r st e nt um s
”
i
u n e rst an s t h e se u ar z ng o f t h e
) d d c l i i
re g li i
o u s n t e r e st a s i
a n e w n a rn at o n o f t h e M YO C ( w o r ) H e s i c
a s: i d y .

“
f d
T h e p ro o u n g r a sp o f t h e so u o f n at ure e v e n e in m o e rn p a nt ng l id c d d i i
and p o e t r , t h e v ngy nt u t v e ee li i i
ng w h h e v e n s e n e in it s m o st i i f li ic ci c
l
a u st e r e w o r s c a n n o k
o ng e r d o w t h o u t , e n a e s u s e as t o u n e rst an i bl i ly d d
h ow t h e L G k il
ogo s of re e y ic
p h o so p h w h h a ss g ne it s p a e in t h e w o r i d l c ld
i y cl d
t o t h e o l d C h r st t p e , ot he in it s w o r t o om e s g n an e e e ld c
-
i i fic c c l
-

i c i
b rat e d a n e w n arn at o n
”
.

It m n acc u nt
se e f th i l at i n f t h c u l t t h at t h i f act w a
s, o o o e so o o e ,
s s

th c au f it u i n
e se w l l b c au
o th y
s r f t h at t i m w e bl i n d d
as e ,
e se e e es o e er e

t th
o b aut y f n at u
e eA ug u t i n ( B k X C h 6 )
o y j u t ly e m a k s :
re . s e .
,
. v er s r r

B ut t h ey [m e n] w th m l und n th ug h l e f r he [c a
“
e re e se v e s o e ro ov o r re

t oni ]
A ug u st ne i B ut w h at d o ov e w h en ov e h ee, O h G od ? Il I l T
Not t he o b d i ly f
o rm , no r t h e e a rt h sw e e t n e ss, n o r t h e s p e n o r o f t h e ly l d
lig h t , so d
e ar t o t h e se e e s ; no r t h e sw e e t m e o y
es of t h e r h v ar e l di i c ly i d
so ng s ; no t t h e fl
o w e r s a n d t h e sw ee t s e nt e o nt m e nt s and s p es of c d i ic
lov e ly f
r ag ran e ; c
n o t m ann a an d h o n e ; no t t h e m s of the o y li b b dy
b c
w h o se e m r a e s a re p e a s a nt t o t h e e sh l
d o no t o v e t h e se w h e n fl I . l I
lo v e m y G o d , and y e t t h e ght, the v o e, t he r ag r an e , t h e li
oo , the ic f c f d
b c
e m ra e o f m y i n n e r m an ; w h e n t h e se sh n e n t o m y so u , w h h no i i l ic
sp a e c c i ic
o nt a ns, w h h no t m e t a e s aw a , w h e re t h e r e is a rag r an e i k y f c
ic
w h h th e w n i d d o e s no t ow aw a , w h e r e t h e re is a t a st e w h bl h no y ic
l y di i i y bid ic i y
—
g ut t o n m n sh e s an d w h e re h arm o n a es w h h n o s at e t c an
re m o v e t h a t is w h at ov e, w h en o v e my G o d I l ”
( e rh ap s a m o e I l P d l
k VI
.

fo r Z
a r at h u st r a : D ie s e e n eg e ,
” ’
i b
e t z s h e s w o r s, , p 33 )Si l Ni c . ff .

C um o nt : “
D ie M y st e r i en des M ith Ei B it g ra . n e ra z ur R e l i g i o ns
c ic
g e s h h te d er r Om isc h e n K i a se r z e it U b t t n G h
.
”
e rse z vo e rich , L ip ig
e z

1 9 0 3, p 1 09 . .

4 r st L e tt e r t o L uc i l i us .

Ib i d .

C H A PTE R IV
l
C o m pl e x e s are apt t o b e o f t h e g re at e st st ab t , a th o ug h t h e r ili y l i
o ut w a r o rm s d f
of m a n e st at o n h ang e a e os op a arg e if i c k l i d c i c l ly . A l
b
n u m e r o f e x p e r m e nt a st u e s h a v e e n t reio nv n e l
m e of th s a t di i ly c i c d i f c .

2
J u l i an the Ap o st at e ma d e the l a st , u n su cc e ss u f l at t e m p t to c au t h e se
i
t r um p h o f M it h r ac ism ov er C h ri st i an i t y .

3
Th i s l i
so ut o n o fbl m w b ug h t ab ut in a i m i l a
the l ibi d o p ro e as ro o s r
m nn a by t h fl i g h t f m t h
er l d d u i ng t h fi t C h i t i an c nt u y
e ro e wor r e rs r s e r

A nc h i t in t h d t f t h O i nt ) P p l
.

( T h citi ef th es o e or es e e se r s o e r e . eo e
m t i fi d t h em
or le in d t b c m p i i t u l nd t h u
se v e s c p th or er o e o e s r a a s es a e e
t
e x re m e b ut l i t y f th d c d nt R m n c i i l i t i n A c t i c i m i
r a o e e a e o a v za o . s e s s
f c d ubl i m t i n and i a l w ay t b f u nd w h t h ani m l i m p u l
or e s a o s s o e o e re e a se s
i l nt ly t m i n t d T h m ask e d
,

a re til l s t ng t h t t h y m u t b
so s ro a e s e v o e ex e r a e . e
se lf m u d -
f th a c tic n d n fu th
r er o bi l gic p f
e s e ee s o r er o o ro o .
pp . 87 -
1 26 ] TH E S ONG OF TH E MO T H 49 9

C h am b e rl a i n d at i n f t h N i n t nt h C nt u y
F o un o s
it mn the
o e e ee e r se e s

p bl
ro m b i
e l g i c
a u i c i d o o b c au e f t hs n m u me u nt f
e i l l g ii s cy o e e or o s a o o e a

a m ng M d i t
o an an pe p
e rrl a t t h t e t i m I b l i eo t h a t i
esl l g i t i m acy a e . e ev e e

t nd
e at h
s r t m d i c i t y an d t
er o l i i ng f p l a u
e o r It pp a ft e
o v or e s re . a e rs a r

al l t h t t h a w t th t t im
e re fin
e re , nd n bla p pl a wh d i gu t e de, e a o e eo e o, s s

w ith t h f i g ht f ul h a
e r f t h at p i d w h i c h w a m
c os o ly an p i n er o s e re ex re s s o

o f t h d i up t i n f t h
e sr i nd i i d u a l p ut n nd t t h i l i
o o e v nd t h u s ,
a e o e r v e s, a

c au d t h d at h f t h l d c i i l i t i n w i th it ndl w i ck d n
se e e o e o v za o s e e ss e e ss.

A5 ? ( J u t i c ) d a ug h t
10 s f Z u a nd T h e m i
e wh af t e
er o t h e G ld e n e s s, o, r o

k t h d g n at
,

Ag fe, o r so o th
e e e er e e ar .

T h ank t t h i cl g u Vi g i l l at
“
s o s e t t ai n d t h
o h n e, f b i ng ar er a e e o or o e

se m i C h i t i an p
-
t
r s T thi h oe w h i p i t i n a g u i d t D nt
. o s e o es s os o s e o a e .

B th
6
o p nt d n t
a re re n ly ar e se C h i t i an b u t l a P ag an E s
e o o s r s ,
a so s .

se n and Th
er ap u t n w er q ua i d e e f th A nch i t l i i ng in
e re s or e rs o e or es v

th e d t P b bly a f i n t anc m y b l a n d f m A p u l i us
e se r . ro a s, or s e, a e e r e ro e

M t am ph
,

e orl i b XI ) t h e i t d sm l l t t l m nt f m y t i c
o se s,
”
er ex s e a se e e s o s s

c d h i n o f I si s and M i t h a
.
,

or c n c at d n a u n d t h
o se r e o es ro e s a re s r es r .

S e u al ab t i n nc and c l i b acy w
x s e e l kn wn e e re a so o .

B l w the hi l l7 “
e o m a hy p l i n s, 3 rs a

I nf c t w h t I l ng h a b n e t i e i ng
e s a so o ve ee r r v

T h i t ag n nt p l l i k w i t d ai n s s a oo e se o r

W n w m y l t t n d m y b t ac h i i n g
e re o a es a es ev .

T m any m i l l i n f l l w i ng l t m f u n i h
o il
o s o o e e r s so .

T h e an a l g y f t h i e p o i n w i t h t h q u t at i n ab
o s x i st i k i ng
r e ss o e o o ov e s r .

8
C m p a B u and F u d : S t u d i n iib e H y t e i e
o re re er rea l o B le u l e : e r s r s r

D i P yc h n ly
e s F u d Ja h b u h 1 9 0 Vo l II zu d h alf
oa a se re s,
”
r c ,
1 ,
.
,
.

F au t ( in u i c i d m n l g ue )
s s e o o o

O ut n th p n c an sp e d s my d e m i ng !
o e O e o e e r a
Th gla y fl d b ef e my f e t i g l am i ng !
ss oo o re e s e
A n w d ay b ck n t a n w h ! e e o s o e er s o re

A fi y c h a i t b ne n b u y ant p i ni ns er r o , or o o o ,

Sw e p n a m n w ; I e n h al l
s e dy b r e o so o s re a e
T pi c th th h i g h u nk n w n d m i n i o ns
’
o er e e e er s , o o ,

T e ch n w ph os f pu
r a ct i i t y ! e s e re o re a v

T h i g d l i k ap t u t h i u p m i t e nc e s o e r re , s s re e ex s
D I b ut n w a w m d o , t t ack ? o or ,
e se rv e o r
Y l ut t ac h e s, m b i ght
re so d i t anc ;
e o re so e r er s e
O n E a th f ai sun I t u n my b ack ! r
’
s r r

Ah , t h at no w ng c an t me ro m t h e so i l if f il ,

U p o n it s t ra t t o o o w , o o w so ar ng ! c f ll f ll i
Th en w ou ld I se e e t e rn a l E v e n ng i gild
T he s il e nt w or l d b e ne at h me g l ow i ng .

And no w b ef o re i
m n e e y e s e x p and s t h e c
o e an,
Wi th al l it s b ay s in sh n ng s l e e p ! i i
T he ne w b o rn imp l u se fi re s my m i nd ,

I h a st e n o n, h is b e a m s e t e rn a l d i ki r n ng .

We se e it is t he s am e l o ng ng i and t h e s am e su n .
50 0 TH E SO N G OF TH E M O TH [pp 8 7 .
-
1 26

J ung : D iag n t A c
C o m p a re a l so T h e P syc h o l g y f os . sso
“
o o
D em e nt i P a e c
.

a Ch II and III
r ox ,
”
s . .

A cc d i ng t t h C h i t i an c nc e p t i n G d is L o e
or o e r s o o o v .

Apu l i u e l i b XI s At m anu d t a g e b am fl amm i .

,
ex e r er s

a d u l t am fa m : t c p ut d c ce c n a c in at p a l m a and id f l ii
e a e o ra o ro x er e c ae o s

in m d um o d i um p i t nt ib u
ra Sic d in ta li
or ro s s e n at t in ic m s . a s r so s ex o r o e v e

si m u l ac i c n t i t ut ( T h n in m y i g h t h an d I c a i d a b u ni ng t c h ;
r o s o
”
e r rr e r or

whi l a g ac f u l C h ap l t
e r n c i cl d m y h a d
e th e h i n i ng l a
e f the r e e s e v es o e

Th u s a ay e d l i k e t h
,

p al m t p j c t i n g f m it l i k
re e ro e ay f l i ght ro e r s o . rr e

sun and p l ac d as t s m bl e a
e t at u e )
so o re e s .

T h e p a a l l l in t h e C h i t i an m y t i
r e i t h e c w ni ng w i t h t h e r s s er es s ro

c w n f t h ns t h
ro o h i b i t i n and m ck i ng f t h S a i o r
or ,
e ex o o o e v .

I n the am w ay t h e S a san i an K i ng c a l l e d t h m s l e s
s e B r th s s s e e v o er

o f t h S u n an d f t h M o n
e I n E g yp t t h e
o ul f e e y ru l e r w as a
o .
”
so o ev r

re d up l i c at i n f t h S u n H us an i nc a n at i n f t h
o o e un or ,
r o o e s .

T h e i i ng at d ay o ut o f t h e U n d e w o l d E m an : A e gy p t e n
1 5 “ ” “
r s r r . r ,

p .
40 9 .

1 "
C o mp are th e c o ro nat o n i a b ov e . F e at h e r a sy mb o l o f
, pow e r .

F e at h er c ro w n , a c ro w n o f ra y s, ha l o. C ro w n i ng a s suc h is an , ,
id e nt i
fi c at io n w t h t h e sun i
F o r e x am p e , t h e sp e ro w n u p o n t h e
. l ik d c R o m an
c i d
o ns m a e it s app e ara n e at t h e t m e w h e n t h e C ms ars w e re e nt e c i id ifi d
i
w t h S o l inv ic t a s (
“
o s inv ic t i S li
T h e h a o is t h e s a m e , t h at l
i
is t o say, an m a g e o f t h e su n, u st as is t h e t o nsu re T h e p r e st s o f s s j . i Ii
h ad sm o o t h sh av e n h e a s e st ars
-
( S e e p u e u s, d l ik . A l i
C o m p are i i
w t h t h s my st at e m e nt s in Ub e r d ie B e d eut ung des V at e rs
fur d a s S c h i ck l sa d e s E nz e n e n ”
i
D e ut ic ke , en l . Wi .

1 ”
I n t h e t ex t o f t h e so t urg a re t h e se c al l d M i t h
T37 63 Li y li “

—
e ra ne s :
-

e i u o b un l av oc 13q d o rn
p [ca t i n rot) Bdflov c a v ah é un O v m b r a o ov c irré v r og 8 136160 9
/
6 did /CO S dfl ll wefid fi f a t ( a m’

a st a r w a n e r n g a o u t w t I
h y o u a n d fl a m d i b i
ing u p ro m t h e e pt h s f h e n t h o u h a st sa d t h s, mm e . W
at e the s id i i di ly di c
o f t h e sun w un o ) T h e m ill st t h r o u g h f ld
h is p r a e rs
. m p o re t h e y ic y i l d
di iv ne p o w e r t o au se t h e s c
o f t h e su n t o e x p a n di c
I n t h e s am e w ay d .

R o st an d s
’
C h ant e e r ”
a u se s t h e s u n t o r s e cl h is ro w ng c i by c i .

“
Fo r v e r s ay u nt o y o u, i ly I y e h av e a t h a s a g r a n o f m u st a r If f i i d
d
se e , y e sh a ll
s ay u nt o t h s m o u nt a n, R e m o v e h e n e t o i
on er p a e ; i c y d l c
and it sh a ll
re m ov e ; an d no t h n g sh a b e m p o ss e unt o y o u
”
( M at i ll i i bl
t h e w x v ii zzo ) .

C o m p are e sp e c i al ly th e w or d s of the G o sp e l of J ohn : I a nd my

F at h e r ( J hn
”
) H e t h at h at h se e n m e h at h se e n t h e
“
a re o ne o x : 30 .

F at h ( J
er h n i ”
9 ) B loi x v z I . F “
e ev e m e t h at a m in t h e at h e r, a nd t h e
F at h in m er (J hn i )e
”
I c f o f F
x v zrr .
“
am e o rt h ro m t h e at h e r, a n d

am c m i nt t h w l d ; ag i n I l
o e o e ld
or F a ,
e av e t h e w o r ,
a n d g o t o t h e a t h e r

( J h n o i 8 ) I
xv a c n d
: 2 u n t . F “
y s eF o my at h e r, a nd o ur at h e r ; and t o

m y G d a nd y u G d (J hn
”
o ,
: 7)
o r o o xx 1 .

Se t h f tn t e n p
2°
e e 37 f t oo t o o . 1 o ex .

T w b o d i d : an b c u o- pit h t i f
e n dd n t a d m i t t h at t h
o s d ua l
re e e ,
o e es o e

l i f f t h d e m d t aug h t in t h m y t i
e o e re e e f t h at t i m w a tt i b ut d e s er es o e, as r e

C m p a t h e P au l i n c nc p t i n
,

t o G d t h at i to ay t th l ibids o s ,
o e o . o re e o e o

i i
,

o f th i/ e p é v i ta
a n d / Ga m é ( c n
/fuc v l a n d p t u a l b dy ) I n
t rv ev t a f v ar a s r o .

th M i t h ai c w h i p M i t h
e r m t b t h d i i ne p i i t w h i l H e l i s
o rs ,
ra se e s o e e v s r ,
e o
 50 2 TH E S ONG OF TH E M O TH [pp 8 7 .
-
1 26

S t a i ng t h n k d b dy w i t h c l d n w rr e a e o o s o ,

D af n d it t k aw ay t h um m j y e e e ,
a es e s er o .

A n d i nk i ng d p in t h h d w f w i nt e
s ee er e s a o s o r,

S u dd n ly d aw cl t t h at w h i ch it fl e r s o se o e e s,

S i t lf w a m ly m b ac d w i t h y l i g ht
ees se r e r e ro s

L ani ng g i n t t h l t c n t e a a s e os o so r .

T h u I w nt u ff i ng t h p uni h m nt f i l e s e ,
s er e s e o ex ,

A w ay f m y u c u nt n nc i nt t h anc i nt p l ac e ro o r o e a e, o e e .

U n p t c t d t u n i ng t t h d l t n th
ro e e r o e e so a e or

A l w ay t at i ng d p i nt t h l p f d e ath ;
, ,

s re r e ee er o e s ee o

An d t h n w u l d I w k n y u h a t e o a a e o o r e r ,

B l i nd d by t h p l nd f th d w n e e s e or o e a .

T h w h i t l i ng an d n app i ng i a t a t l
e s a c h ai c l i c an a l l u s s s e e s s, r re , re

m e nt f th th i m p h i c d i i n i t y p b ably a l an i nf ant i l
or e er o or m v ,
ro so e re

ini c nc s e ( q u i t i ng t h c h i l d by w h i t l i ng and n ap p i ng )
e e e Of imi l a s s . s r

si g ni fic nc i t h a i ng at t h d i i n i t y ( M ith
e s e ro a r p Y u e v .
“
r . .
“
o

a re t l k at h im nd g i f t h a l ng a a w i t h a h n u i ng l l
o oo a ve or o ro r, s or , s a

y u b t h p i ng y u i d and k i t h am u l t
o r re a ,
re ss tc oMy r s e s, ss e e e .
” “

so ul w ith t h
ro a r s i c f a h u ng y l i n ay M ch t h i l d n M ag d
e vo e o r o ,
s s e vo e
bu g A t h h a t p ant e th af t
“
th w at b k p an t e t h m y ul
f t G d —P al m l ii 2 T h c m ni a l c u t m a
r . s e r er e er ro o s, so so
a er o .
”
s s x f t n h app n : . e e re o s o , s so o e e s,

h as d w i nd l d i nt a fi g u f e p ch D m nt i p c h w
o
'

re o s ee . e e a ra e ox , o e v e r,
re v i ifi vth l d c u t m a in t h
es e R a i ng m i acl
o f S h b
s o S ,
s e
“
o r r e
”
o c re e r. ee
th l at t
e D nkw ii d ig k it n i n e N
er s
’ “
n k a nk n
e by w h i c h h d e
r e e e s e rv e r e ,
”
e
m n d t h at G d i
a s th F th i na d q u at ly i nt d w i t h h um ani t y
o ,
. e . e a e r, so e e or e e ,

t k a n t ic
e f h is
o i t nc e o ex s e e .

T h i nf ant i l e m i n c nc is cl a t h at is t h e c h i l d i sh
e re
y t
is e at t a c t e e r, , cr o r
th att nt i n
e f t h p a nt t h i m lf ; t h e w h i t l i ng a n d m ack i ng fo t h
e o o e re o se s s r e
al l u m nt
re f th th
e i m ph i c t t i b ut t h h e l p f u l ani m a l
o e er o ( See or a r e, e
“
.
”

R ank T h M yt h f t h B i t h f t h e
“
: e o e r o

T h e w at e g o d S ob k ap p e ari ng a s a c ro c o d i l e w as i d e nt i fi e d w i t h
r- , ,

E rm an : A g yp t
e e n, p .
3 54 .

E rm an : Ibid .
, p 3 55
. .

C o mp are b
a ov e do répa c m v rada xrvh aiov
fl fi v e fi ng e re d
-
st ars

T h e hul l A pi s is a m an if e st at o n o f i P t ah . T h e h ul l is a we l l k now n
-

sy b l
m o of t h e sun.

Am n o .

S bk o of F ai j um .

T he G od of D du e in the D lt e a, w h o w as w o rsh pp e i d as a p i c e e of
w oo d ( ha P l lic ) .

Th i s f
re o rm at o n, i wh i ch w as i naug u rat e d w th i m uc h f anat i c i sm ,
so o n b ke d w n ro o .

A p u l i us e , l ib . XI , p . 2 39 .

y
I t is no t e w o rt h t h at t h e h u m an st s t o o ( am t h n ng i I i ki o f an ex p re s
s ro n o f t h e e a rn e l d
M ut i anu s R u u s ) so o n p e r e v e t h a t
.

f c i d ant i q i tyu h ad
d
b u t t w o g o s, t h at is, a m a s u n e g o d an d a e m n ne g o d c li f i i .

Not o n ly w as t h e l i gh t orfi re su -
b st a n e c as r c ib d e to the d i i ni ty
v
b ut a so l t o t h e so u ; l as fo r e x am p e in l t h e s st e m o fy Ma i n , as w e l l as
pp . 87 -
1 26 ] TH E S O NG OF TH E M O TH 50 3

am o n g G e k s w h e it w c h ac t i d a s a fi e y b at h f air
th e r e er as ar e r ze r re o .

H ly G h t f t h N w T t m nt p p a in t h f m f fl m
,

Th e o os o e e es a e a e rs e or o a es

und d f th Ap t l b c u t h W D/ w u nd
‘
a ro th h e ea s o e os e s, e a se e VE ta as er
t
s oo d t m an fi y ( Di t i c h I b i d p
o e Ve y im i l i t h
“
er e er : .
, . r s ar s e

I ani an c nc pt i n f H a nO by w h i c h i m ant t h
r o e o G ac fo v re s e e
“
r e o

H e a n t h u g h w h i c h a m na c h u l
,

ve
”
ro B y G ac i u n d t d o r r e s.
“
r e
”
s e rs o o

a t f fi
so r h i n i ng g l y
o m t h i ng
re y ub t ant i al ( C um nt :
or s or so e v er s s o

c nc pt i n a l l i d in c h ac t in K n
,

I bi d p .W c m e ac . e o ro ss o e o s e ar er er er s
’

S h in n P c a p ubl i h e d b y m e P yc h l g i e
, ,

” “
e er t and in t h
vo re v o rs e se s s o o

und P at h l g i
, ,

g n a nnt cc u l t P h an m n
o o e H so no t n ly t h
e er o er o e e.
”
e re o e

so ul c n i t f a p i i t u a l l i g h t ub t anc b ut t h e e nt i w l d i c n
s o s s o s r -
s s e, re or s o

st u c t d
r acc d i ng t t h e w h i t bl ack y t m f t h e M anic h te an and
e or o e- s s e o s-

th i by a fi ft e n y a l d g i l ! T h i nt l l c t u a l
s e acc m p l i h m nt
-
e r- o r e e e o v e r- o s e

w h i ch I b ed a li in t h i s c at i n i n w
o se rv al d a e a nr er re o ,
s o re v e e s co

s q u nc
e f ne g t i c i nt
e e i n w h i ch ag ai n o t up d e p h i t i c a l
o e r e ro v e rs o ,
r o s e s or

t at a
s r f the u l a nd in w h i c h I p
o c i e a re g re ssi o n t o t h m e m i
so er e v e or es

o f h um ani t y c n d e n e d in t h unc n c i u o s e o s o s.

I a dd t t h i a q u t at i n f m F i m i c u M at e nu ( M at h I 5 9
o s o o ro r s r s es , ,

M
.
,

c it . by C um o nt : “
T ex t e s et o num e nt s,
”
I , p .
“
C ui ( an i m o )
d c e s e n su s pe r o rb e m so li s t r ib u it u r
”
( T o th i s ii
sp r t t h e d sc e nt
e t h ro u g h
t h e o rb o f t h e su n is at t r ib ut e d) .

St . Hi e ro n ym u s r e m ar k s, c nc ni ng M i t h
o er w h o w a s b o rn in a
ra

m i c l m
ra u o u s an ne r f ro m a ro ck t h at t h i b i t h s r w as t h e re su t o f
“
so o l l
l i id
,

( m e re”ly ( C umo nt :
”
t
ae s u l ib id i i n s t h ro ug h t he h e at of th e b o)
“
T t t M ex e s e o num e nt s, I , p .

M d ea :
“
A M i th i c R i t l ra ua .
”
L ndo on 1 90 7 , p . 22 .

I am f i n d an di d bt d
n w k e D R ikl in f r t h
e to my r e co- or e r, r. ,
o e

k n w l e d g e f t h e f l l w i ng c w h i c h p nt an i nt t i ng ym b l i m
o o o o a se re s e s e re s s o s .

I t c nc n a p a a n i c w h
o er p s d i nt a m ani f t m g al m ani ac
r o o a sse ov e r o es e o

in t h f l l w i ng w y : Sh
e o u dd o ly w a t ng lig ht a w ind b l w u p n
a e s en sa s ro , e o

he h fe l t
r, sif h h t t u n d
e a nd f
as m t h at m m nt h er e ar r e o v e r,
”
ro o e s e

k ne w t h at G d h d i i t d h an d w a in h o a v s e er s er .

I w i h t f h t t h i nt t i ng c l at i n f myt h l g i c a l and
s o re e r e re o e e re s o rre o o o o

p at h l g i c a l f m
o o d i cl d in t h n alyt i c a l i n e t i g t i n f D S
or s s o se e a v s a o o r . .

S p i l in and
e re p ly m p h a i t h at h h a d i c ex d t h e ym
re ss e s ze s e s s o v e re s

in t h J a h b u h t h u g h i n d p n d nt e p e i
,

h li m p
o se nt d by h
s re s e er e r c , ro e e e x r

m nt a l w k in n w ay c nn c t d w i t h my w k
e or ,
o o e e or .

A cc d i ng t o t h C h a l d e an t ac h i ng th e sun o cc up i e s t h e m i dd l e
or e e

p l ac in t h c h i
e f th n p l ane t
e o r o e se v e s.

T h e G at B c n i t f e n st ars
re e ar o s s s o sev .

M i t h a i f e qu nt ly p nt d w i t h k ni f e in n h and and a
‘ 7
r s r e re re se e a o e
tor ch in t h t h Th k ni f e a a n i n t um ent f sac i fi c e p l ays an
e o er . e s s r o r

i mp t ant b l in h is myt h
or r e .

48

C o m p are
w t h t h s t h e s ar e t m ant e o f i
e o s in t h e t h rai t u rg c l l H li Mi li y .

I t w a s a p a rt o f t h e r t e s o f t h e v a r o u s u t s t o b e r e sse in t h e i
oo i c l d d b l dy
ski ns o f t h e sa r a a n m a s, as in t h e c i fic i l
u p e r a a, on s a a nd i l L c l i Di y i
S li
at u rn a a, t h e a st o f w h h h as e u e at h e l
t o u s t h e C a rn v a , t h e ic b q d i l
y ic l fi
t p a g u re o f w h h , in R o m e , w a s t h e p r ap u icne a i i c P lc i l l .
50 4 TH E S ONG OF TH E M O TH [pp . 87 -
1 26

C o m p are th e l in e n cl a d -
re t i nu e of H el i os . Al so t h e bu ll -
hea dd e go d s

w e ar w h t e wept cé y a r a i ( a p ro n s ) .

T he t t e ofil M ith ra in V nd i d d XIX

e a ,
28 ; c it . by C um o nt : “
T ex t e s

et M o nu m e nt s,
”
p .
37 .

“3
The e v e o p m e nt d l of th e sun s ym b l o in F a u st do e s no t go as fa r a s
an ic i i
an t h ro p o m o rp h v I t t p i th ici d c n t th c i s on . s o s n e su e s e e a e h ar o t
f H li ( A fi y c h i b b y i i w m
“
o e os t n t p
er n n p n ar o o rn e o uo an o s s ee s e ar e

T h fi y ch i t c m t e c i t h dy i g
er d p t i ng h
ar o o es o re e ve e n or e ar e ro ,

as in t h c ni f E l ij h
e as ef M ith s on ( S i m i l ly F o ci f a or o ra . ar r an s o

A i i ) I n h i fl i ght F t p
ss s . th s j t d M it h au s a sse s ov er e se a, us as oes ra .

Th ec i nt C h i t i
an p i c t e i l p t t i r s f t h
an c n i f or a re re se n a o ns o e as e s on o

E l ij h a p t ly f a re d d p t h c
ar p d i g M i t
o unh i c p n t
e u on e o rr e s on n ra re re se a

ti no Th hs . f th ech i t hi g
o rse s o p w d t H l e sun- ar o ru s n u ar s o e av e n
’

e av e

th l i d t h b h i nd d p
e so e ar th i c e w t g d Oc an n u r sue e r o u rs e o v e r a a er o , ea u s,
t M num nt
,

ly i ng t t h i f t ( C um nt : T t
a e r ee . B ll 8 99 o
“
ex e s e o e s.
”
rux e es 1 ,

I p ,
.

C mp t i cl P yc h und P t h c Ph n
“3
my
“
o are g ar e, s . a . so . oc . a .

Q t d f m Pit uo e An l c t c ro it b y C um nt : ra : T te t a e a sa ra, c . o
“
ex s e
M o num e nt s,
”
p .
3 55 .

Cited W e i h n ach t sf st p 5
f ro m U se ne r : e ,
”
. .

T h e p a ag f m M a l ac h i i f un d in c h ap i
“
ss 2:
e B ut unt yo u
ro s o . v, o

t h at f a m y n am sh al l t h S u n f R i g h t e u ne
e r a is w i t h h a l i ng in
e e o o s ss r e e

H i w i ng s ( f e at h e s ) T h i s fi g u e o f p e e c h e c al l s t h e E gyp t i an sun
”
s r . r s r

sy m b o l .

C umo nt : I p 3 55 “
pi T ex t es
p épw et M o num e nt s,
”
t .
, . .
t re
'

a cft ov v .

T h p i ct i t h C t c m b c nt i n m c h y m b l i m f t h
S i k c
e
l — ure s
w l l kn w n im g
un
n
wh l
e a a o s o a u s o s o e s .

— m
Th w t e f as p a f th
ro s s, o r ex a e a e -
o a e o e sun , ee
of th n e f sut i f d p n th g m t f F
or su n s Di g n
’
ee s o un u o e ar en o o sso r o e es

i th c m t y f P t
,

n e e d M c lli e er Th ym b l f t h i i ng n
o e e r an ar e nu s . e s o s o e r s su ,

th b l l d th
e um f n d in t h O p h
an f c f th c m t y
e ra , a re ou e r eus re s o o e e e er

of t h h ly D m i t i l l
e S i m i l ly t h
o m nd t h p c ck ( w h i c h l i k
o a . ar e ra a e ea o e

d
,

th p he i i t h y m b l
oen x , f t h n ) i f ns p n n p iet p h f tsh o o e su s ou u o a e a o e

C al l ist u s C at ac om b .

C o m p are th e c o unt e ss l e x amp e s l in G o rre s :

“
Die ch i st l i c h e
r

My t i k s .
”

C o mp are L e b l ant : S arc o p h ag e s I n t he om de l a G au l e , 1 8 80 . H i

l i e s o f C l e m e nt o f R o m e
”
, 2 3 , c it C u m o nt ) it is s a : II . by id
T9) nvp l g) d d f d d é h j ili d f d ¢épov rc g
" "

y y
c o v o w t
. i cx a n o r o o c T in ) r o t) r ov ci ex a
uni/ (In )
‘
rb v dpt fly é v ( T h e t w e v e ap o st e s o f t h e l
o r , h av n g t h e num e r o f l L d i b
l
t h e t w e v e m o nt h s o f t h e su n ) As is a p p are nt , t h s e a is o n e rne . i id c c d
i c
w t h t h e o u rs e o f t h e sun t h ro u g h t h e o a Z di c Wi
t h o ut w sh ng t o e nt e r . i i
u p o n a n in t e rp re t at o n o f t h e o a , i Z di c I i
m e nt o n t h at , a o r n g t o t h e cc d i
ci
a n e nt v e w ( p ro a i b bly ld c
C h a e an ) , t h e o u rse o f t h e su n w a s re p re se nt e d
by a sn a e w h h a rr e k t h e s g ns o f t h eic c i d i o a Z di c
o n it s a ( s m ar b ck i i l ly
t o t h e L e o nt oc e p h al ic G o d o f t h e Mi
t h r a m st e r e s ) y i T i
h s v e w is p ro v e n . i
by a p a ssag e ro m a at an C o e x e f V ic
te d d i d by
C u m o nt in a no t h e r c o n
ne c t io n ( 1 9 0 , s a e c , p 2 2 9, p XIII “
. M n 0 m iv o o og
p . 04 00 .
'

vc b a r c é mv n é a v d cir cmrr a ai m
p Aé yw (ii; r d ifl { to
’

oe rbv oo n é v cp a rc dv c
’ '

u u y p c
p u p ,

dt a , fiao r dCo v ra c rrZ rot) v é r ov a b r oi)

” '

i k
( T h e a l l w se m a e r o f t h e w o r
"

-
ld
se t in m o t o n t h e g re at i
r ag o n w t h t h e a o rn e d i d d c
ro w n, w t h a o m m an i c d
50 6 T H E S ON G OF TH E M O TH [pp . 87 -
1 26

L i ft d e her s ki t r 3 l it t l e i
w t h it s b re e z e

And l e t a l i tt l
h e r a n e s b e se e n,
e of kl
And t h e se a sh o r e e am e a s b c b i
r g h t as al l t h e w o r ld .

( N e o r e a n -
o G c i F lk
so n g r ofm a n e rs : D a s S d V lk o s

l b
e en der N ic
e u g r e h e n,
”
1 8 44 , p 8 1 , c it . . Z it e

s c rift d e s Vere in e s fz i r Vo l kskund e, ah rg ang

'

J XII ,

1 90 2 , p . 1

I n th e f
G y m ir
a rm saw of I
Al ov e id c i
ly
m a e n o m ng t o w a r m e ; d
b il li c
F ro m t h e r an e o f h e r arm g o w e l d
T h e sky an d a l l t h e e v e r a st ng s e a
”
l i .

( r o m F
t h e E dd
a ,
t r ( n t o G er ) b y G e r ng , p . i . H . i .

53 ; e it sZc h rif f
t u r V o l ks k u nd e, ah rg ang ,
1 90 2 ,
'

J XII
p .

H e e t oo b l o ng al l t h e m i ac u l u t i
r , ,
e f c mic nt ph n m e n a
r o s s or es o os ev e s, e o

o cc u i ng at t h bi t h and d at h f h
rr e r (T h St f B th l h m ; e o e ro e s. e ar o e e e

e a t h q u ak
r th r n d i ng
e s, a und e f th et em p l h ng i n g t sat t h er o e e a s, e c .
,
e

d e at h f Ch i t ) T h m ni p t nc f G d i t h m ni f t m ni p t nc
o r s . e o o e e o o s e a es o o e e

o f th l i b i d t h n ly c t u a l d
e o, e f w nd
o w h i ch w a kn w T h e oer o o e rs e o .

sym pt m d c i b d by F u d a t h
o es r e m n i p t nc f t h ug h t
re in C m ,
s e
“
o o e e o o
”
o

p u l i n
s o N u a i
e f m t
ro se sh e u l i i ng
r se s f t h i nt l l c t
ro T h “
se x a z
”
o e e e . e

h i t o i c al p a l l l f
s r thi i th
ra em g ic l m ni p t nc
or f th s my t i c
s e a a o o e e o e s ,

at t a i n d by i nt i n T h omni p t nc e f t h ug h t c p nd t
“ ”
e ro v e rs o . e o e o o o rre s o s o

th e i d nt i fic at i on w i t h G o d o f t h e p a an i c a i e d at si m i l a ly t h o ug h
e r o ,
rr v r r

i nt ro v e rs o n i .

7°
C o m p ara bl e yt h l g i c al h e o e s w h aft e r t h e i g e at e st
to th e m o o r o r r

d e e d f al l i nt p i i t u al c nf u i n
s o s r o s o .

H I mu t f y u t t h bl a ph m u p i ty o f Zi n e nd f w h i ch
e re s re er o o e s e o s e z or ,

h as b e n m a d a cc
e i bl t u by t h n t w t hy i n t i g at i n f P fi t e
e e ss e o s e o e or v es o o s r.

A n ah i a l ly t h b e l e d f J ap h e t t h e n f N o ah S h l a e s
s re e ov o ,
so o . e e v

h im b c au e f th ng lse o e a e .

T h e o ne i n k d i e a l ly a ta vo C mp a M i ss M i l l e r s po em
e s r s r. o re
’
.

R a l ly an at t i b ut f t h w an d i ng su n
e r e o e er .

C o mp a e M i M i l l r p em ss er s
’
o .

My p l if i g n o or e s o e,

t h en h av i ng g a ne i d
O ne r a p t u re d g l anc I l l d i c nt nt e,
’
e o e ,

Fo r I t h e so u c f b a ut y w m t h nd l i f e
r e o e , ar a
H a in ve h i p f e c t p l nd
s ernc b h e ld s e or o e e .
”

T he l i ght -
ub t anc
s s e of G od .

T he l i ght -
ub t anc
s s e of t h e i nd i i d l v ua so u l .

T he r b i ng i ng
t o g e th e r o f t h e tw o g h t sub st an e s sh o w s t h e r li -
c i
co mmon o r g n ; th e i i
y b l H yy
a re t h e s m o s o f t h e fi o e re t h e a re g u re s l ibi d .

o f sp e e h c li i y d c i A cc d i
I n e a r e r t m e s t h e w e re
. M c ild
o t r ne s or ng t o e hth

Lic
.

v on M d b l
a g e u rg t h e so u d l
is m a e o u t o f o v e D a s fl ie sse n d e ht de r
G i
o tt h e t ,
”
b E c ic B l i
h e ra u sg e g e e n v o n s h er h, er n

C m p a w h t i a i d ab
o re b ut t h n k ym b l f t h e l i b i d
a s s ov e a o e s a e s o o o .
pp .
—
8 7 1 2 6] TH E S ONG OF THE
’

MO TH

T hei d th t ea a th e cl i m a x m e a ns at the s am e t im e the e nd , ev e n d e at h ,

f c i t lf h
or es se e re .

C o m p a re t he d pi ctu
p re v i
f S t uck : Vi c
o us ly m e nt i
S in a nd o ne re s o e,
L u t w h e t h w m an n ak d b dy i nc i cl d by t h nak F und a
s re e o
’
s e o s e r e e s e .

m e f a o f d at h T h e d e at h
,

m e nt a l ly it i a sy m b l f t h m st
s t o o e o e x re e r e .

of C l p t a m ay b m nt i n d h e e
eo a r e e o e r .

”
E nc i cl i ng by t h e se p e nt
1
r r .
 PA R T II

C HA P T E R I
1
Th i s is t h e w ay it app e a rs t o us f ro m the ps yc h o l g i c al o st an dp i o nt .
See b l w
e o .

2
S m na so as S un g o d S ee te -
. S i nt h a l : D ie S ag e v on S ims o n, Z e it
s c h ri t f fiir Vo l lee rpsy c h o l og ie , Vo l
' '

. II .

3
1 am i nd b t d e e fo r th e kn ow e l dg e of th s i f r ag m e nt to Dr . Van
O p h u ij se n of The H gu a e.

R ud ra ly f at h f t h M a ut ( w i nd ) w i nd
4
, p ro p e r er o e r s s , a or su n g o d,
a pp e a rs h e re as th l c t G d
e so e h w n in t h c u
re a o r o ,
as s o e o r se of the
t ex t . T h e r6 1e o f c at n d f uc t ifi
re a i ly b l ng
or at h im r er e s e o s o as w i d
n

go d . I ref er to th e b e at i n in P a t I c nc e ni ng A na g
o s rv o s r o r xa o ras an d
to w h at f llo ow s .

5
Th i s a nd the f llo o w ng i p assag e s f m t h e U p an i h a d a q u t d
ro s s re o e
f ro m : T he
“
U p ani sh ad s ”
t r ans at e l d by R G S M ad and J C C h at e
L d
.
, . . . .

t o p ad h y aya . on on 1 8 96 .

6
i il
I n a s m a r m ann e r, t h e P i
e rs a n su n - g o d Mi h t ra is en d ow e d w th i
an i m m e n se n u m e r o f e e s b y .

7
Wh o ev e r h as in h m se i lf , G o d, th e sun, is i mm o rt a l l ik
, e th e su n .

C o m p a re Pt . I ,
Ch 5 . .

gi b c au i d c d l lic c l
8
H e w as v en t h at
h e h a d n t ro u e n am e
t h e ph a u t e se

int o G
re e e c
I n g r at t u e t o h im fo r h av ng
. ur e i d
t h e m ot h e r o f t h e i b i d
se rp e nt s, t h e o u n g s e rp e n t s ye an e h is e a rs, s o t h at h e e am e c l a ir au d i cl d b c
e nt an d u n e r st o o th e d a ng u ag e o f d
r s an d e a st s l bi d b .

9
C o m p a re th e v ase p ict u re of Th b e e s, w h e re th C bi i e a r a re re p re

s e nt e d
in no e bl a nd in c a i c at u
r re d f o rm ( in Ro sc h e r : “
L ic ex o n,
”
s .

M e g a l o i T h e o i) .

T he j u t i fic t i
s a on fo r c a l l i ng
D c tyl i t h m b i g i i the a u s s v en n a no t e
in Pli y n : 37 , 1 70 , a cc d i g t w h i c h t h
or w
n i C t p ci o t e re e re n re e re o us s o ne s

of i c l
ro n o or an d t h m bl i ku h p w h ich w c l l d I d n D c ty l i
e s a e e re a e ae a a .

Th f e re o re , the d c tyl i c m t
a e re o r v e r se .

See R o sc h e r : L i c n f G k nd R m n Myt h l gy
ex o o re e a o a o o ,
s .

D c tyl i
a .

A cc d i ng or to J e nse n : K o sm o l o g i e , p . 2 92 , O anne s -
E a is t h e e du
c at or of men
I m
n A nc i nt P
an : e ag a n an d M d o e rn C h ri st i an S y m b o l i sm .

V i d t i fi th
a rro en es e 18
( 7 6 3 0 ! 98 0 i w t h i t h e P e n at e s T h e C ab i ri . m ght i
be s im l c d
u a ra i ili uo v r a C a st o ris e t P o l l u c is in t h e h a r b or of S am o t h r a e c .

In B ra sia e o n t h e Lc i a o n an c o a st an d in P e p h no s so me st at u e s
on ly a f
o ot h gh w th i i c ap s on the r i hea d s w e re f o un d .
510 C ON C EP T I O N A N D TH EOR Y [pp . 1 39
-
1 56

the Ge rm an L ie b e ( l ov e ) . We a re o bl i g d e to s ay un e r d t h e se
c i c um t anc
r s n ly t h i d a b ut
es d l ib id is w l l
t h a t no t
w o e e , al th
so e or o e
c h n f t h e sub j c t und d i c u i n
o se or e er s ss o .

A c c t e d i w n t h c n at i n f n g y in t h e l i g h t f t h
o rre v e o e o se rv o o e er o e
th y f c g ni t i n m i g h t ff t h c m m nt t h t t h i p i c t u i t h p
eo r o o o o er e o e a s re s e ro

j t i n f n nd p yc h i c p c e pt i o n f t h e q ui al nt t ansf m at i n
ec o o a e o s er o e v e r or o s
o f th l b d e i i o .

C H AP TE R II
1
F d : T h e C nt i b ut i n t t h S u al T h y p 2 9 T an
re u
“
r e o r o s o e ex eo r , . . r s
l t i n by B i l l
a o I n a n n e ual
r . i mpu l “
i g i n at i ng f m i m p u l o -
s x
‘
se
’
or ro se s

o f m t u ces w
o or c an d i t i n g u i h
so r a c nt i b u t i n f e m t i mu l u s s o r o ro a s s

re c i i ng g an uc h a t h k i n m uc u m m b an and n y
e v or , s s e s ,
o s e r e, se so r
or g an Th i w e h al l h
s . d i g n at e a an
s g n u
s n ; it i t h at
e re es s e ro e o s zo e s
or g an t h e st i m u l us f w h i ch b t w o n th i m pu l s t h e ua l c h a
o es o s e e e s x r

ac t e
”
r.

F e ud : I b i d p 1 4
2
r O ne d fi n i t . k i n d f c n t i g u i t y c n si t i n g f
,
. . e e o o ,
o s o

m ut u al app i m at i n f t h m uc u m m b an s f t h l i p in t h
ro x o o e o s e r e o e s e

f m f a ki h a am ng t h m t c i i l i d n at i n c i d a
or o ss, s o u l e os v ze o s re e ve se x a

v a l u e t h ug h t h p a t f t h b dy c nc n d d n t b l ng t o t h e se u a l
o e r s o e o o er e o o e o x

b u t f m t h e nt a nc e t o t h e d i g st i e t ac t
,
”
a pp a at u r s or e r e v r .

S e e F e ud : I b i d r .

An o l d v i e w w h i c h M b ius e nd a o d t o b i ng ag a i n t o it s w n
‘
o e v re r o .

A m ng t h e n w c m s it is F u i l l é W und t B e n k e S p nc R i b t
o e o er o e, , e , e e r, o

a nd o t h wh g a nt t h
e rs, p syc h l g i c p i m at
o t r t h e i mpu l y te m
e o o r e o se s s .

F ud : I b i d I m u t p at t h at t h se p ych n u
l’
re p 25 .
,
. . s re e e s o e ro se s, as

fa a m yr sp i nc g s exa e ba d n
er e ual m t i e p w oe I d,
r se o se x o ve o e rs . o

n t m an t h at t h
o e n gy f th u al i m p u l
e c nt i b ut t t h f c
e er o e se x se o r es o e or es

s u pp t i ng t h e m
or b i d m ani f t at i n ( sym p t m ) b ut I w i h d i t i nc t ly
or es o s o s , s s

t o m a i nt ai n t h at t h i up p l i th n ly c n t ant an d t h s m t i m p t a nt
s es e o o s e os or

so u c r ef n e g y in t h n u
o e i s t h at t h e e u al l i f e f uc h p n
r e e ro s s, o s x o s e r so s

m ani f t i t e lf e i t h e
es s cl u i ly p p nd e at ly o p a t i a l ly in t h e s
s r ex s ve ,
re o r e ,
r r e

s ym pt m s o .
”

T h at c h l a t i c i m i t i l l fi m ly
“
s o s ted in m ank i n d i
s s n ly s r ro o s o

t oo e a i ly p sn an d a n i l l u t at i n
ro v e f th i ,
i th f ac t t h at n t t h s r o o s s e o e

l a t f th
e s o p a c h d i
e c t d a
re g a i n t Fro u d i t h at h
es h c h ang d
re e s re ,
s e as e
c t a i n f h i a l i c nc p t i n W t t h
er o s e r w h o c m p l m ank i n d
er o e o s. oe o o se o e

t o l e a n an w ! r Le ent n nt p a cu i eu
“
s sav a s e so s r x.
”

’
J a h rb uc h , Vo l . III , p . 65 .

8
S c h re b e r
’
s ca se is no t a p u re p a rano i a in t h e m o d e rn se nse .

“
Al so in De r I nh a t l de r P yc h
s o se , 1 90 8 .

C o mp are J u ng : “
T he P ych l gy
s o o of D e m e nt a i P rae c o x , p . 1 1 4 .

Fo r ex am p l e in ,
a f i g i d w m an w h
r o o as a r e su t l of a sp e cifi c s ex u a l
re p r e ss o n i d n t
oes o s u cc d in b i ng i ng
ee r the l i bi d o se x u a li s to t he h us
b and t h e p a nt i m ag i p nt a nd h
,
re ym pt m s ic o s r e se s e p d uc e
ro s s o wh h
b l ng t t h at n i nm nt
e o o e v ro e .

S i m i l a t an g i n f t h r u l ph
r m i ght als cc u in
re ss o o e se x a s e re so o r

h y t i c a l p yc h
s er ; t h t i nd d i ncl u d d w i t h t h d fi ni t i n f t h
s o se s a ee is e e e o o e

p yc h s i a n d m n
os s n t h i ng b u t a g n a l d i t u b an c
ea f a d ap t at i n
s o e er s r e o o .
pp . 1 39
-
1 56] C ON C EP T I ON A N D TH EO R Y 5 1 1

1 3 “
D ie p y
s c h o se x u ellen Di ff de r
e re n z e n Hy st e r e i u nd der D e me nt a i
c Z
. .

”
e nt ra l b l at t f N e rv e nh e il ku nd e u nd P sy c hi a t ri c , 90 8
'

ur 1 .

p ra e ox ,

“
I n t ro e j kt i on u nd Ub e rt rag u ng ,
”
J a hrb u c h, Vo l . I , p 422
. .

S e e Av e na rius : M e ns c h l i c h W l t b g i ff e
e e e r ,
”
p . 25 .

1 ° “
W lt e al s Wi l l e und V t e l l ung Vo l I
o rs ,
”
.
, p .
54 .

‘ 7
Th eo g o n e i .

C o m p a re Ko s her c '
L icex o n, p . 22 4 8 .

‘ 9
D w re s:
“
P l o t i nus, J e na 1 90 7 , p . 1 27.

Ib id p .
,
. 1 32 .

Ibid p .
,
. 1 35 .

P l tin o us :
“
E nne ad e s,
”
II , 5, 3 .

P l t i nu
o s: E nne ad e s,
”
IV , 8, 3 .

III , 5, 9 .

Ib id .
, p . 1 41 .

N t a u ra l ly th s i d oes no t m e an t h at t h e f unc t i o n f e al i ty w e s it s o r o

i
e x st e n e c to th e d i ff e r e nt at i i o n in p ro re at v e c i i n t i nct cl u i ly I am
s s ex s ve .

a w a re of th e un d e ter mi n d e g re at p ar t p l ay d b y t h e f unc t i o n o f
e

nut r t o n ii .

M l th i i a u s an sm is t h e art i fi ci l a s e t t ng i f o rt h of t h e n at ura l t en en d cy .

“8
For in t c
s an e , l f th w i l l
in t he f o rm of p ro c r e at o n i as in g e ne ra o e .

F u d in h i w k n p a an i a h a a l l w d h i m lf t b e c a i e d
re s or o r o s o e se o rr

ov er th b u nd a i e f h i i g i n a l c nc pt i n f l i b i d by t h f ac t f
e o r s o s or o e o o o e s o

thi i l l ne
s H e th e u l ibi d
ss . en f th f unc t i n f al i ty w h i c h
er se s o ev or e o o re

c ann t b e c o nc i l d w i t h t h st and p i nt f t h e Th e C nt i b ut i o ns
,
“
o e r e e o o re o r .

B l ul e a i e at t h i s c ncl u i n f m t h g un d f t h c n
e r rr v s o s o ro e ro o o er o

S id at ns w h i c h I c ann t a l w ay acc e pt
er io ,
Se B l ul D eme nt a o s . e e e r,
“
i

P a c
r in A c h affe n b u g s
e ox ,
”
H andb uch d e P yc h iat i
s r
’ “
r s r c.
”

S J ung : K i t i k ub E B l ul : Z u T h e i e d e s sc h i ph rene n
ee r er . e er r or zo

N e g at v sm us i i .
”
J a hr b u c h, Vo l . III , p .
4 69 .

“2
S p ie l re in : U ber de n ps ych l g i c h en I nh al t
o o s i
e ne s F a l l es v on
S c h iz o p h re nic . J a h r b u c h , Vo l . III , p .
3 29 .

H is r e se a r ch es are in my p o sse ss i on a nd t he i r p ub l i c at i o n is in
p re p arat i on .

H o n e gg e r ma d e u se of th s i ex a mp l e in h is l ec t u re at the pr i v at e

ps yc h o an a l yt i c c o n g re ss in N ii rnb e rg , 1 91 0 .

35
S p ie l re in : Ibid .
, pp .
3 38 , 3 5 3, 38 7 . Fo r so m a as the
“
ef
fus o n i of

t he se e d ,
”
se e w h at f ll o ow s .

C o m p are B e rt h e l t: o L e s Al c h é m ist e s G re c s, and S p ie l re in : Ib id .

,

P 3 53
3"
I c anno t f i f m b i ng t h at t h i i i n
re r a n ro o s e rv s v s o re v e a s t h e l or igi l na
m e ani ng of lc h my aA p im iti m g ic p w f
e . r ve a o er or g e n e rat i o n, t h at is
t o say, a m e an by w h c h c h i l d n c u l d b p d uc d
s i re o e ro e i
w t h o ut t h e m o t h e r .
512 TH E T R A N S FORM AT I O N [pp . 1 57 -
1 90

S p ie l re in : Ibid .
, pp .
3 3 8 , 34 5 .

”
I
m u st m e n o n h e re t h o se ti I din an s w ho c re at e the fi rst p e op e l f ro m
the i
un o n o f a sw o r h t an d d il a sh u t t e l .

Ib i d .
, p .
3 99 .

C HA P T E R III
1
N t u l ly
a ra a p re cu rso r o f o n an sm i .

2
Th i t u c s r e i c p n d l m m m nt f t h h d I w i e
at at o n e u u ov e e o e ea sa ar s
c t t i c p t i t f m t h c i t m m nt g d l ly
,

in the ca se o f a a a on a en ro e o us ov e e s ra ua
i ft d
,

sh e up w a r d T h i F d h d c i b d l ng g
s. h ifti g f m
s re u as es r e o a o as a s n ro
b l
e ow to a b ov e.

8
Sh e p ut the sm a ll f r ag m e nt s wh i ch f l l e o ut i nt o h er m o ut h and at e
t hem

D re a ms and My h t s .
”
Vi e nna 1 90 9 . T ransl at e d b y W in . A Wh i t e,
MD
.

. .

“
A K uh n :
.
“
Myt h l g i c h S t d i o o s e u e n, Vo l . I : Die H e r ab kunft d e s
F u
e u nd d
e rs G Ot t e rt r anke s G ii t e rsl o h 1 8 8 6
es v er re a a e .
”
. A y d bl
é um é f t h c
r s o e o nt e nt s is t o b e o un in t e nt h a :
“
D ie u r sp rii ng l ic h e f d S i l
F m d S g
or er a e v on ro m e t h e u s,
”
P
e it s c h rift fii r Vo l /e e rpsy c h o l og ie und Z
S pra c h w isse nsc h aft, Vo l ,
1 8 62 ; a so in ra h am : . II l Ab Ibid .

A l m at h nam i
“
so an d m at h ay at i . The ro o t m a nt h or m at h h as a
sp e c i a l i g ni fic anc e s .

‘
Z e it s c h r ift fur v e rg l e c h e nd e i S pra c hfo rsc h u ng , Vo l . II , p .
3 9 5, and
Vo l . IV , p . 1 24 .

8
B app in Ro sc h e r
’
s
“
L ic ex o n,
”
Sp .
3 0 34 .

9
B h rg u : Mm) , a c
re o g n z e i d c o nne t o n ci o f so un d . S e e Ro sc h e r : Sp .

30 34 » 54
1 °
Fo r th e e ag e l as a fi re t o k en am o ng the I nd i ans, se e Ro sc h e r : S p .

30 34. 60 .

T he st e m ma nt h a cc d i ng
or G e m an to Kuhn b c e o mes in r

m a ng e l n, ll n ( f ro i ng t w h i ng ) M ant h
e re e rr i th b ut t
o as . ara s e er

p a ddl We h. n t h g d g e n a t d t h e m to ( d i nsk f i mm
e t erl i t y) e e a r a r o or a

by t w i l i ng t h c an a un d t h y u d t h m u nt i n M n d
r e o e ro a th e se e o a a a ra s e

K L
,

p a dd l ( e u h n : I b
se e i d p S t i n t h l c l l t t. n t
,
i n t . t h t i n e a a s a e o o e a

ex p i
r e ss o n in p t i c a l p c h : m n
oe t u l m l m s m b ee in w h i c h m n t
e a z a e e e r, e

( m a n t h ) w u d I dd
as h l
se m . nt u l a i at b t k n d i
e rem i n u a so , e s o e a e as

it f m nt a m nt h a ( ui d ) JVI in
ve or e or e I n ant i q u i t y t h M in v wa a
,
ze . e ze s

c l l d C w n f Aph d i t
a e
“
ro ( Di c i d
o II ro A pu l i u c l l d
e
”
os or e s, ,
e s a e

it m nt h e n it w
a ve an ph d i i c
e re a (Th pp i t m as ni ng i a ro s a . e o os e ea s

f un d in H i pp c t : S i q u i
o o m ra e sp m d t j u g ni t l s m n ea s ae e co e a ,
e s e a e se e

it a co l l iqu it u t fli u t e sc t a ig , p e h ib t at c p,
u im b
e il l u m rr dd i te re ro e e or s ec re ,

an d cc d i ng t Di c i d M i n i m n f p
a or o os or n t i ng c nc p t i n
e s, ze s a ea s o re v e o e o .

( S A
ee i g m n t V re lk ot i k u nd P fl n
: nw l t
o V l
se ro I p B ut t h a ze e ,
”
o .
,
. e

nc i n t l ai d f M nt M nt ut m pp l l t a q u d u d “
a a a e a o s o o o re
—
a e s a so s o e a: e e ,

d T h i l ad u t ”

—
ip iu n im u m it t
—
m nte m e f i t m nt er a e ae s s o or a ex c a . s e s s o

th e t m nt
ro o i L at i ne m n E n g l
h i h m i n d w it h w h i ch t h e pa
s,
‘

ll l s ,
e ra e

d l pm nt t p a ma nt ha H p fl fl fi i c w u l d b c m p l t d S t i l l t b
ev e o e o r ,
O f f . o e o e e . o e

add d e i t h t an s p c i l ly
a t n g c h i n i
es c al l d
e m nt
a ( m nt u m ) s ro s e e o e .

A p c i a l d l p m nt f t h e c h i n i g i n a w k n w t t h p i p i c
s e ev e o e o s ve ,
s e o , o e r a
51 4 TH E T R A N S FOR M AT I O N [pp . 1 57 -
1 90

g ar d en . A st r i k i ng f und n
r e p re se nt at o n i of th e ph a l l ic p l o ug h is o o
a a e in t h
v s a ch l g i c a l m u um in F l
e r I t p t ay s a
eo o ow se o re nc e . or r r

o f i n ak d i t h y ph a l l i c m n w h c
s x e y a p l ug h p nt d p h al l i c a l ly e o a rr o re re se e

( Di e t e i c h : rM ut t E d p “
The erc a u na al i f u
r e,
”
.
“
rr s v s
”
o o r
s p i ng f t i a l ( c a n i
r es l ) w a at t i m d u i ng t h M i dd l e A g e s a
v r va s es r e

p l ug h ( H ah n :
o D m t und B aub q u t d by Di t i c h I b i d p
“
e e er o,
”
o e e er : .
,
.

D A b g g f Z u i ch c a l l d m y att nt i n t t h cl
r . e o w k f
r e e o o e ev er or o
R M ing e ( W t e u nd S c h n I nd g m ani c h e F c h u ng n 1 6
. er r
“
or r a e . o er s o rs e ,
”
,

W a m d cq u i nt d t h e w ith a y fa
re ac h i ng
a e a a e e re v er r- r e

am a l g am at i n f th l i b i d ym b l w i t h t h
o o te n a l m at i a l an d o s o s e ex e r er s
ex t e n al r ac t i i t i e w h ich vupp t u p s, i u c n i d at i n t an s or o r re v o s o s er o s o
e t a
x r d i na y d g e M ing
or r ae um p t i n
re p c d f m t h tw
. er er s
’
ss o ro ee s ro e o
I nd G m ani c
o- er t y n a nd y n t i I nd G m ani c u n H l z ai
ro o s, e e e . o- er *
e o , .

i t s . n
va , a na A g ni i g a b h a a n m f u i t f t h e w m b f t h e
v . s r s v a
’

,
“
r o o o
w doo s
”
.

I nd G e m ani c u n t i i g n i fi
o -
r h p l ug h*
: by t h at i
e e m ant t h s es
“
e o s
”
s e e

p n et at i n f t h e g un d by m an
e r o o f h a p n d p i e c of w
ro d and e s o a s r e e e oo

th the w i ng up ro f th a th u l t i ng f m it
o Th i eb i t lf is n t
e r re s ro . s v er se o
v e i fi e d b e c au e t h i s
r e y p imit is w k i ng f t h g u n d w a g i n
v r r v e or o e ro s v e

up at an e a ly t i m e W h n a b t t t t m n t f t h e fi l d w l a ne d
r . e e er re a e o e s as e r ,

th p e i m i t i re d e i g n at i o n
v f t h p l su g h d fi ld w a gi n t th pa tu or e o e e s ve o e s re ,

th fe re o r e G t h i c inj a o O l d I c l an d i c in p a t u
v m ad w
, P e v , s re , e o . er
h ap a l s th I c l and ic Va n n a G d f g i c u l t u c am f m t h at
so e e e , s o s o a r re , e ro .

F o m acke n ( t p l ugh ) p ang w i ( t h c nn c t i n m i g h t h a

r r o o s r re e o e o ve

b n t h t h w ay ) ; l I nd G m an i c y n ( nj ym nt f l )
ee e o er a so o -
er
"‘
e os e o e o ov e
L i
,

at n v e nus. C o m p ar e w th i th s i the ro o t
g en z w oo d . C oire
’

z
p as
sio n at e l y to st r v e i ; c inn a n t o r av e o r t o
o m p are O l d H i gh G e rm a n v ,

st o rm ; a so t h e l
ot h v ens ; G
é l fl is Z h o p e ; O ic gh e rm an w an
‘

ld Hi G
c
ex p e t at o n, h o p e ; i an s r t v a n, t o S c i
e s re o r n e e ; urt h e r, W o nn e ( d e d i d f
li g ,h t e st a s ) cO e a ny v i n r ( e o ld I c l d i c
v e , r en ) “ ro m t h e m e a n n
g b l d f i d F i
a c h e r n ( t o p o ug h ) l
ar se s w o h n e n ( t o ve) i
h s t r ans t o n h as e en li . T i ii b
c om p et e l d
in t h e e rm anly ro m w o h n e n+ g e w oh n e n, g e w o h n t s e in
G F °

on .

cc O d l d Ic l dic cc d
f
( t o b e a
ro m a c ke rn
u st o m e ),
f —
e a n v a nr z
g e w o h nt ( t o b e a ust o m e ) ;
u rt h e r +sic h m ii h e n, pl ag e n ( t o t a e m u h t ro u e , w e a r ng k c bl i
w or ) , O k e an l d Ic l dic
v inn a, t o w o r : O gh e rm an w in na n ( t o t o k ld Hi G il
d
h ar , t o o v e rw o r ) ; oth k G ic
v in na n, Tré ax e t v ; v u nns, ro m a c ke r n F
c d
o m e s, o n t h e o t h e r h an , g e w in n e n e rl a ng e n ( t o w in, t o at t a n ) , O i ld
Hi g h e r m a G
n g iw in n a n , b u t a so v e rl e t z e n ( t o n u re ) : o t h v u nd s l i j G ic
( w a nd ), w o u n W a n d in t h e d e g. nn n g ,
t h e m o st p r m a se nse , w as b i i i l
f
t h e r e o re t h e g ro un t o rn u p d
t h e w o o e n m p e m e nt by
ro m v e r l e t z e n d i l F .

( t o n u r i j
e ) o m e s c hl a g e nc ( t o s t r e ) ,
b e sie g e n ( t o o n u e r ) : O ld gh ik c q Hi
G e rm an w inna ( st r e ) ; O ld S ax o n w inna n ( t o if at t e ) b l .

T he l d c u t m f m ak i n g t h
o b i d al b d u p n t h fi e l d w h i c h
s o o e r e
”
o e ,

wa f sth pu por f nd ei ng t h fi l d f t i l c nt ai n t h p i m i t i
r o se o re er e e er e, o s e r ve

t h u g h t in t h
o m t l m nt a y f m ; by t h at t h an l g y w
e os e e p e s de r or e a o as e x r s e

in t h e cl e a t m nne J u t a I i m p g n at t h w m an
re s a d I i m p eg
r: s s re e e o , so o r

n at th e a th Th
e y m b l l ad t h
e r . u l l ibi d ee t th s cult i a o e s e se x a o ov r o e v

ti n o f th o a t h a nd t it f u i t f u l n
e e r C m p a w i t h t h t M annh a d t o s r e ss . o re a r
“
W a l d und F l dkul t w h th a e ab u n d ant i l l u t at i n e,
”
e re e re re s r o s .

S p i l in p at i nt ( J a h b u h III p 3 7 ) as c i t fi a nd g n
’
e re s e a r c , ,
. 1 so a es re e er

t i n in an u nm i t k bl
o m ann Sh ay s af l l w c nc e ni ng it
a e er . e s s as o o s o r
“
On n d i n f t h pu p
e ee s f p i c i ng t h
ro th
or nd f th e r o se o er e e ar a or e

p pu r f c
o se a t i n g fi o T h i i re t b f u n d in t h M i t h l i
re t u gy a
”
s s o e o e ra r s

i n c at i n t t h fi g d it i ai d : 3 w dij g m h/ n
.

w ll e I n th. e vo o o e re o ,
s s ( o oa ac ta
pp . 1 57 -
1 90 ] TH E T R A N SFORM AT I O N 51 5

wpa ( Tho u cl d fi e ry l c k
0 TI tJpl Ua xl s

— of
’

7 r oi) w h o h ast up t he
' ‘

o se o s

h e av e n, w t h i the b re at h of the sp r t ,ii o pen to me ) . W i th i n ro o ne

c an c r e at e m t h e st o n ec ldo T he o r ng
peo p l f
nt o t h e e a rt h h a s e ro .
”
b i i
fo r h e r t h e o f fruc t ifi c at io n o r m e a n ng
rt h S h e sa s :i “
th the bi . y Wi
l
g o w ng ro n i
o ne c an p e r e i
t h ro ug h m o u nt a ns T he ro n b e o m e s i c i . i c
l i
g o w n g w h e n o ne p u sh e s it nt o a st o ne i .

i i l y
C o mp are w t h t h s t h e e ty m o o g o f b o hre n an d g e b a re n ( se e a o v e ) b .

I n t he B l bi d
ue r
”
of M l i ck
ae t e r n t he t w o h r e n w h o se e t h e b u eb r c i ld k l id
l d
in t h e an b
o f t h e u n o rn c i ld
h re n, fi nd a b o y w h o o re s nt o h is no se b i .

I t is sa id o f h im : h e w ill di c s o v e r a ne w fi re , so a s t o w arm t h e e art h

i
ag a n , w h e n it w ill c ld
h av e g ro w n o .

C mp w i th t h i
o th i nt t i ng
are s e e re s p ro o fs in B uc h er :
“
A rb e it und
R hy t h m L ip i g 8 99 u s,
”
e z 1 .

“7
Am u se m e nt l d w i t h m any ri t e s b ut b y no me ans
is un d b t dly c
ou e o up e ,

w i t h al l Th e e a m . y u np l a nt t h i ng r re so e v er e sa s
.

T h e U p an i h ad b l ng t t h B ah m an a t t h t h e l gy f t h
s s e o o e r ,
o e o o o e

V d i c w i t i ng and c m p i t h t h p h i c l p c u l at i e p a t f t h e
e r s, o r se e e o so a -
s e v r o

V e d i c t ac h i ng s T h V d i c w i t i ng and c l l ct i n a e in p a t f
e . e e r s o e o s r r o
v er y unc e t ai n ag and m ay rc h b ack t a y d i t ant p ast b ec ause
e re a o v er s
fo a l ng p i d t h y w
r o h an d d d w n n ly er o a l ly e e re e o o or .

Th p i m a l an d m n i c i nt b e i ng t h
e r i d a f w h om t ransl at e d o s e , e e o ,

i nt o p ych l o gy is c mp h nd d in t h e c nc pt i n f l i b i d
s o o re e e o e o o o

—
.
,

At m an i al c o n i d e re d as o i g i n al ly a b i s u al b e i ng c o rre spo nd
s so s r ex
in
g t th l i b i
o d th y T h e w
e l d p ang f m doe i C o mp are eor . or s r ro s re .

I
—
B rzh a d ara n ya ka Upa nish a d, -
, 4, 1 ( D e usse n )
( ) b g i nni ng t h i w l d w a A t m an a l ne h e l o k e d
1 In the e s or s o o

a u nd Th n h w n t h i ng b ut h i m lf
ro : e e sa o se .

( 2 ) Th n h w a f i g h t n d ; t h f e n i af a i d w h e n o ne is
e s r e e e re o re , o e s r ,

al n Th n h t h ug h t W h f e h u l d I b e af ai d
o e . e e o : e re o r s o r ,

i nc t h i n t h i ng b i d m y lf ? s e e re s o es e se

( 3 ) B ut a l h h ad n j y t h f n h a n j y w h e n o ne
so e o o ,
e re o r e o e s o o
i al n T h n h l n g d f a c m p an i n
s o e . e e o e or o o
”

A f t t h i s t h e f l l w t h d c i pt i n f h i d i i i n q u t e d ab o
er re o o s e es r o o s v s o o ve .

P l at c nc pt i n f t h w l d u l pp h
o s
’
o e o y n a t t h H i nd o o
o e or -
so a ro ac es v er e r o e
id ea T he
. u l in n
“
wi n d d y b c au n a it t h
so wa o se ee e e e s, e se e r e re s

n t h i ng
o i i bl N t h i ng w v s p at f m it n t h i ng ap p o ac h e d it
e. o as se ar e ro ,
o r ,

b e c au e ut i d e f it t h
s w
o n t h i ng
s ( T im i o e re as o
” “
a os

C mpa e w ith th i F ud
o Th r C nt i b ut i n s t t h e S ex u al s re
’
s
“
re e o r o o

Th e y or .
”

W h at m an p p a nt ly cl se ep a al l l t the p
s i t i n f t h e h an d
a re o se r e o os o o

in t h U p a ni h d t t I
e b d in l i t t l c h i l d T h ch i l d h e l d ne
s a ex o se r v e a e . e o

h an d b e f h i m u t h and u bb d it w i t h t h
o re th
s a m m e nt w h i c h
o r e e o e r, ov e

m ay b c m p a d t t h at f t h i l i n i t I t w a an e a ly i nf ant i l e
e o re o o e v o s . s r

h ab i t w h i c h p i t d f a l n g t i m af t w a d e rs s e or o e er r s
.

C mpa F ud
o B m k u ng n ub re ei n n F al l o n Z w ang s
re : e er e er e v

ne u ro se .
”
1 91 2 J a h rb u c h, Vo l I p 3 57
.
,
. .

As sh o w n a b ov e, in the ch i l d th l i bi d e o p ro g re sse s f ro m the m out h

z o ne i nt o t h e sex u a l zo n e .
51 6 TH E T R A N SFORM AT I O N [pp . 1 57 -
1 90

C o m p are w h at h as b e e n sa id b a ov e a b o ut D c tyl i
a . A b und ant ex
am p e s l a f und re o in Ai g r e m o nt : Fu ss und S c h uh symb o l ik .

Wh n in t h e ,
ly i nc d u al
e i t anc f t h p nt
e no rm o u s re a s e se x re s s e o e re se

d ay w m n ,
m ph a i
o th
e c nd y ig n f
e a nd
s ze th i tic e se o ar s s o se x e r e ro

c h m by p c i l ly d i g n d cl t h i ng t h t i p h n m n n w h i ch b e l ng
ar s e a es e o ,
a s a e o e o o s

in t h am e g n al c h m f
s e th e h i g h t n i n g f l l u m nt
er s e e or e e e o a re e .

I t i w l l k n w n t h at t h
s e i fic f t h a h a a lo u l lu In e or e o e e r s so a s e x a v a e .

a h ym n t th V i g i n it i c a l l d q u a p au m c nc p i t i R ab l ai
o e r s e e er re o e s .
”
e s
’

G g nt u w b n t h ug h h i m t h
ar a a as or B ti n B i t ag ro s o er s
’
e ar . as a e r e z.

v er gl P yc h l g i p 2 3 8 ) m nt i n t h f l l w i ng p a g f o m
. s o o e,
”
. e o s e o o ss a e r

an ld w k
o Th i n t t
or ,
b f u n d in t h i nt i k i ng d m e n
“
e re s o o e o s e re o ,
ve

am n g t h eo y m a l l t g i l a m ai d n b c u
v er s n in h e
es t e nd e r s, e e a se ev e r r

—
,

y ut h h put a p c i a l m d i c i n i nt h g ni t l a l in t h
o s e s s e i fic f e e o er e a s, so e or e o
tch an d h l d p n c nt i n u u ly A l so ”
he r a ;e h t
rs th s e s re th m es e se o s e o e o o s .

th M ng l i an B u dd h w a b n f m t h a f h i m t h
e o o a s or ro e e r o s o er .

T h d i i ng m t i e f r v th b ak i ng up f t h i ng m i g h t b e s ug h t
o ve or e re o e r o ,

as I h a al a dy i n t i m at d in p
ve re i ng in t h f ac t t h at t h e c nd y e a ss ,
e e s o ar

e u a l ac t i i t y ( t h
s x t an f vm d c itu ) n i e w ul d b
r a d a pt d
s or e o s ev e r s or o e e

t ob i ng ab ut t h at n t u a l t i ty
r o i th ac t i i ty n t a a l p l ac
r sa e ,
as s e v i i s re e .

W i t h t h i fi t t p t w a d t n f m at i n t h fi t t p t w a d t h
s rs s e o r s ra s or o ,
e rs s e o r s e
c h ac t i t i c d i t i f c t i n w
ar er s l t k n w h i c h l at d
ss a s a m an
o as a so a e , er ro v e

f m di c
ro y t di c s ov er y w i t h ut a l l w i ng h im
o t at t ai n
s ov er at i t y o o ev er o s e .

Th u it l k f m t h b i l g i c a l t and p i nt w h i c h h ow e er is not t h e
s oo s ro e o o s o , v

o nly n p o i bl e o ss e .

T an l at e d by M e ad and C h at t o p adh y ay a S ec
3°
r s P t II . . 1 ,
. .

In a ng f th Ri g so d a it i i d t h at t h h ym n and sac i fi c i a l
o e ve s sa e s r

sp ch a w l l a a l l c t i n in g n l h
ee e s, s e sp ce d d f m th re a o e era av e ro e e ro e
ly fi c n um e d P u u h a ( p i m i t i m an c at f th e w o l d )
,

e nt i
“ ”
re re o s r s r ve -
re or o r .

C m p e B ug c h o
R l i g i n u nd M yt h d al t Ae gypt e r p 2 5 5 f
ar r s : e o . . .
,
”
. .
,

and t h E g y p t i an d i c t i n a y
e o r .

T h e G m an w d S c h w an b l ng s h ef it si ng s w h e n ”
er th or e o e re , er o re

dy i ng I t i t h un T h m t ph in H i n upp l e m nt t h i s
. s e s . y e e a or e e s e s v er

b e aut i f u l ly .

E si ng t d e S c h w a n im W e i h e r s r

U n d u d t auf u nd ab r er ,

U nd i m m l i i n g nd er e se r s e

T uc h t ins F l ut ng ab a er e r .

H aupt m ann s S unk e n B e l l i a sun myt h in w h i ch b e l l sun l i f e

’ “ ”
s :

l ibid o .

L se ly c nnect d w i t h ag i l i S M a M u l l : V l ub e r de n
oo o e -
s . ee x er
“
or .

U sp u ng u n d d ie E nt w i ckl ung d R l i g i n p 237 ”

r r er e o ,
. .

A n E a n i n n am m a u l in w d Th
44
i N ai y og gl
'

f fi
r a e o re s r a za z sc e or . e

H i nd N ica i m n w i h f m n ( S p i g l E an A l t t um k und
oo arc
’

rzs a ea s s o e e e : r er s e,
”

f L g
.

II , F i h t h i g ni fic n re as ( c mp a Ch 7
e sSi g a ce o o os o re .
,
“
e

f i d
r e O f Ag ni ( fi ) M a M ii l l in h i i nt d u c t i n t re T h S c i nc e
,
x e r, s ro o o e e
o f C m p a at i o R l igi n r y v e It w a c nc pt i n f am i l i a t
e o s,
”
sa s:
“
s a o e o r o

I nd i a t c n i d t h fi u p n t h l t
o o s er b i ng t t h am t i m
e re o e a ar as e a e s e e

s u bj c t a n d
e bj c t T h fi b u n d t h o e c i fic n d w t h by i m i l a
. e re r e e sa r e a as e re s r

t oth p i t th e fi c a i d th
r es ,
i fi t t h g d nd w t h by
e re rr e e s ac r ce o e o s, a as e re

an i nt c b t w n m n and t h g d fi i t lf h w
e r e sso r e ee pe e o s: re se ,
o e v e r, re re
51 8 TH E OR I G I N O F THE H ERO [pp . 1 0 232
1 -

‘ 7
N o w e v e ry t h ng in t h e i w or ld
w h h is am p , h e ic d c re at e d f ro m
sp e rm a, b ut t h s is t h e so m a
”
i . B rih a d ar a ny a ka - U pa nish a d, 1 -
4 .

The q ue
is w h e t h e r t h s s g n s tian e w a s a s e o n ar
on i
i ifi c c c d y d e v e op l
m e nt K u h n se e m s t o a ssum e t h s H e s a s ( H e r ab ku nft d e s
.
“
i y . F e u e rs,
”

p H
o w e v e r, t o g e t h e r w t h t h e m e an n g o f t h e ro o t m a nt h i i l
a re a dy
Vd
.

l d
e v o v e , t h e re h a s a s o e v e ope in t h e e as t h e l
o n ept o n o f d l d c c i ‘
t e a r ng i
off d ue n at ur a
’
t o t h e m o e o f p ro e u r e l ly d c d .

E x amp l e s in F ro b e ni u s : D as Z it l t
e a er des S o nneng ot t e s .
”

S ee in t h is S t e ke l : D ie
c o n ne c t io n se x u e l l e W u e l d e r K l e pt o
rz

m an i e,
”
Z . o

e i t s c h ri ft fur S ex u a l w zsse nsc h aft ,

'

1 90 8 .

E v e n in the R o m an C at h o l i c
c h u c h at a i u p l ac e s t h c ustom r v r o s e

p e ai l d f
r v th e p i
e t t p d uc
or nc a yea r es th c m ni al fi o ro e o e r e e re o re .

“
I m u t em a k t h at t h d i g n at i n f n ani m a a g at d i
s r r e es o o o s s re s
c e y i n t m l y a p l ay w i t h w d n m y p a t I w it t t w
ov r
”
s o e re or s o r . o e o o
y ung p at i nt wh p t nd d t h at t h y w
o e s o in p re e i n f a t i bl
e e e re o sse ss o o e rr e

c t ; t h at t h y h ad d i c
se re d m t h i ng h i bl w h i ch n ne h ad
e s o v e re so e o rr e, o o
e v er kn w n b f o b c u h ad it b n k n w n g at m i y w o u l d h a
e o re , e a se ee o re se r ve
ov e t ak n m ank i n d
r e T h i d i c y w as o nani m . e r s ov e r s .

O n m u t in f ai n e h w s c n i d t h at t h d m and f l i f
r e ss, o e v e r, o s er e e s o e,
r e nd d ti l l m
e re s by u m a l c d o re se v e r e
e h a y t h at it o r or o e, ar so e v

s i m p ly i i mp i bl f m ny p p l t at t ai n t h at g al w h i c h c an b e
s o ss e or a eo e o o
b g u d g d t n n n m ly t h p i b i l i t y f l
e r e o o o e, U nda e th c ul e o ss o ov e . er e r e
c m p u l i n f d m t i c t i n w h at i l f t b ut n ni m f t h
o s o o o es a o , p pl s e o a s , or o se eo e

p o sse ss e d f a n c t i o u l i t y ? I t i w a l l k nve w n t h t
se x
a t h m a t s e o e os

u se f u l an d b t m n w t h i b i l i t y t a p w f u l l i b i d T h i e n e r
es e o e e r a o o er o . s

g et i c l i b i d l n g s f m
o e t h i ng o m e t h an m or ly a C h i t i an l ov e f
so or e re r s or

th e n ighb e o r.

I am f u l ly c n c i us t h at o nani m i nly an i nt e m e d i at ph e o s o s s o r e

n m en n
o T h e e a l w ay m ai ns t h p bl em f t h i g i n al d i i i on o f
o . r s re e ro o e or v s

the l ibido .

I n c nn c t i n w i t h m y t e m i n l g y m nt i n d in t h e p e i o u s
o e o r o o e o e r v

c h apt e I g i t h e n am f aut
r, ve tic t th i t ag f l l w i ng t h inc
e o o e ro o s s e o o e es

tu u o l s H I m ph i t h
ov e . e retic a g e i ph n m n n ; t h
as z e e e ro as re r e ss v e e o e o e

l i b i d bl ck d by t h i nc t b a i
o o e g i ly et a k p es i n f a nrr e r re re ss v e es o sse ss o o

o l d e w ay f f unc t i ni ng ant i t t h i nc t u u bj ct f l
r o o Th i
er or o e es o s o e o ov e . s

m ay b e c m p h n d d by B l u l o re t m i n l g y A ut i m u
e e t h at i ethe er s
’
er o o ,
s s, s,

f unc t i n f p u o lf p o ti n rew h ich i se p c i a l ly d i t i ng u i h d by

r e s e rv a o s es e s s e
-
,

t h e f u nc t i n f nu t i t i n
o H w o th t m i n l gy
r o ut i m u
. c a nn t
o e v e r, e er o o a s s
”
o

v er y w e l l b e l ng pp l i d t t h p
o u a ler m a t a i a l b c ae u se it i o e r e se x er ,
e s

al ready u e d in f nc t t h m nt al t at f d m nt i a p a c w h e
s re e r e e o e e s e o e e r e ox er

it h a t i ncl u d aut t i m p l u i nt
s o e t d d u al i
o e ro d l ibido s s ro v e r e e se x ze .

A ut i mus d i g nat fi t f l l a p at h l g i c al p h n m n n f g e w e
s es es rs o a o o e o e o o re r ss

ch a ac t t h e p e e u al m at i al h w e f a n m al f unc t i on ng t h e
r e r, r s x er , o ev r, o or i ,

ch y sal i s st ag e
r .

C H A PTE R IV
T h e re f o re t h at b e aut i f u l nam e o f t h e su n- h e ro G i l g am e sh
; W e hfroh

m e nsc h ( p a i n j oy h u m an b e i ng ) See - . J e n se n : G i l g m h E p ic a es .

’
C o m p are h e re t h e i nt e re st ng i re se ar ch es of H S il b e e .
9 r r. 1 1 2 J ah r
b uc h, Vo l . I , p .
51 3 .
pp . 1 9 23 2
1 -
] T H E O R I G I N O F T H E H ER O
3
See B l e ul er : P sy c h iat r .
-
ne uro l . W oc h e nschrift , XII J . ah rg ang , Nr .

1 8 to 21 .

C o m p a re w th t hi i s my l
e x p anat o n s i in J a h rb u c h , Vo l . III , p .
4 69 .

“
C o m p are the e x h o rt at o n by K i h n a
i r s to th e i rre so ut e l Aj r u na in
B h a g av a d G i t a B ut -
:
“
p ai f pp o si t s !
th u b o f B k II
f th e re e o e rs o o e
”
.
,

E d w i n A rno l d
,

T h e S o ng C e l e st i al ,
”
.

P e n é e s L IV s ,
”
.

S e t h e f o l l w i ng c h apt e r
e o

C mp a e J oh n M u l l e :
“
o r U b e d ie ph ant a t i sc h e n G esic h t e rsch e ir r s s
n u ng n C bl n
e ,
”
8 6 ; a n d J u ng :
o e O cc u l t P h e no me na in C o l l e c t e d
z 1 2
“
,
”

P ap n A n a ly t i c P yc h l g y
e rs o s o o .

A l o t h e l at e d d ct i ne f t h U p ani h ad
°
s re o r o e s .

B e t sc h ing e r :
r I l l u t i t e H a l l u i nat i n n Jahrb u h Vo l III p 69 s r er z o e ,
”
c , .
, . .

H ow v e y i m p t ant is t h e c r n at i n a n d or u n i d nt i fi c at i n is o ro o s e o ,

sh w n n t a l n
o f m c unt l
o o ld cu t m
e ro b ut a l f m th c e
o e ss o s o s, so ro e o rr

s p nd ing anc i e nt m e t p h
o in t h l i g i u p c h : t h W i sd m f
a o rs e re o s s ee e o o

S l m n Th f th y w il l c i b ut i f u l c w n f m
“
o o o7: v : 1 e re o re , e re e ve a ea ro ro

h an d f t h e L d I Pt F d t h fl ck f G d ”
th e o : 4: or . a nde er v ee e o o o

w h n t h c h i f h p h d h a l l app a y e h a l l e c e i e a c o w n f g l ry
e e e s e er s e r s r v r o o
t h at f ad t h n t aw y
”
e o a .

I n a c h u c h h ym n f A l l n d o f it is s ai d f t h e so u l :
r o T h so u l ie r o
“
e s
l i b e at e d f m al l c a and p ai n and in dy i ng it h as c m e t t h e c w n
r ro re o o ro
of j y ; oh e t an d a b i d an d q u n in t h g l it t e
s s s s f t ern a l spl nd r
r e ee e r o e e o ,

si d f t h e g at k i ng I n a h y m n by L au nt i u s L au nt ii
”
at t h e e o etc re ,
. re re

it is a i d ( a l s o f t h ul ) : Th c w n is nt u t d t t h b i d s “
s o e so e ro e r s e o e r e
b e c au t h y c n q u I n a o ng by S ac Ad n
i ad n d —
”
w fi n d t h p a ag :
“
se e o er . s er e e ss e or

my c ffin w i t h g a l an d j u t a a c n q u
o r s f m t h se s s o e ro r s or e ,
ro o

sp i ng s
r f h a e n my o ul h ae att ai n d t h
v t e n a l ly g e e n c o w n : t h
so s e e e r r r e

ca ed
,

t ue g l
r y f i c t y c m i ng f m t h
or o v n
or f G d wh
,
oha ro e so o o o s so r

f or m A q u t at i n f m t h ab
e .
”
o m nt i n e d o ng f A l l nd f i
ro e ov e- e o so o e or s

ad d e d h in w h i c h w h a
e re , n th c mp l t e p i n f th e p i m ie ve a o er o e e x re ss o o r

t i e p yc h l g y
v s f th o o un i d nt i fi c at i n o f m n w h i c h w e m et in t h e
e s e o o e ,

E gy p t i an ng f t i um ph f t h a c n d i n g
so o r ul o e s e so .

( C o n c e n i n g t h e r o u l c nt i n u a t i n f t h a b
s e p a a g
,
e :) Iot [t h e o o e ov ss
“

ul ] a cl a c u nt n nc [ un] h i [t h un ] j yf u l l i ng n at u
—
’
so se e s e r o e a e s : s e s s o ov re

no w re st o re s it l ig h t in h is l ig h t
t h ro ug h a nd t h ro u g h : N ow t h e it is a .

c h il d c a n se e t h e fa t h e r : H e e e s t h e g e nt e e m o t o n o f ov e Now h e f l l i l .

c an un e rst an d
th e w or of e su s d H e h m se , t h e d
at h e r, h as ov e J . i lf f l d
y o u A n .u n a t h om a e se a o f f e n e t s, a n a bl
ss o f e t e rn a w av e s o f b fi by l
bl e ss ng is i
s o se d i cl
t o t h e en g h t e ne sp r t : h e d eh o s the o unt e n an e li d ii b ld c c
ke s t h e in h e rit o r of G o d in l ig h t a nd t h e i ifi
o f G o d , a nd

e o h e ir o f C hrist
-
no w s w h at s g n
T he ee e b o — f bl
r e st s o n t h e e art h : it s e e p s u nt l dy l i
J e sus aw a e n s it kT h e n w il l t h e d u st b e c o m e t h e su n, w h h no w is
.
'

ic
c o v e re the d by
ar av e rn : h e n sh a d k c
w e o m e t o g et h er w t h al l t h e T ll !
c i
p i
o u s w h o n o w s h o w s k
o o n, an d w b e fo r e t e rn t w th th e or
”
ill iy i L d .
I
i d i i fic by i l i c
,

h av e e m p h a s z e th e s g n ant p a s s ag e s t a s : t h e sp e a for y k
t h e m se v e s, so t h at l ne e ad d n o t h ng I d i .

d
I n or er to av o id m i su n d e rst an d i ng I m u st ad d t h at t h s i w as ab so

l ut e l y unk n ow n t o t h e p at e nt i .
5 20 TH E OR I G I N OF TH E H ERO [pp . 1 9 1 -2 3 2

The an a ly si s o f an l
e e v e n- ye a r- o l d gi l l c nfi m t h i
r a so o r s s I g av e
P éd l g i
.

a re p o rt of th s i in th e I C o ng res I nt er n ti n l d
a o a e o o e, 1 91 1 ,
in
B rus se s l .

T he id e nt i ty of m st th e
is no t t o b e d i i nev h e ro w th i th e y ic
d b d
ou te I n a p ray e r w r t t e n o n p a p ru s t o
. e rm e s, it is s a : o i) i ydp y H id
Syd) Ka i i ydi 0 13 7 6 a b v b voua é ub v m l 7 0 £440» o b v i ytb yap c ilia r ti 8 260 261) o ov F o r
° '
‘

t h o u a rt a nd I I
am t h o u , t h y n a m e is m ne , an d m n e is t h n e ; fo r i i i
I am t hy m ag e ) i
( e ny o n : re e a p r u s,
. in t h e K r t sh G k P y u s e um , B ii M
1 8 9 3, p 1 1 6 , P ap . C ,
2 C te .et e r h :
“
XXII i d by Di i c
M it h r a sl it urg ie , ”
.

p . T h e h e ro a s m a g e o f t h e o is st r ng i l ib i d
u st r at e i k i ly i l l
in t h e d
d Di y L id I i i
—l i k
he a of o n su s at e e n ( R o sc h e r, ,
S p 1 1 2 8 ) w h e re t h e h a r r se s .

l ik fl
e am e o v e r t h e h e a H e is e a am e : d
T h y s av o r w . fl be i ill
a fl am e
”
rm . Fi i c
u s M at e rnu s De r ro re ro 1 04, p E P f
2 8 ) ac . .

q u aint s u s w t h t h e i
a t t h at t h e g o d w a s s a u t e as f c r e g ro o m , an dl d b id
yo u ng g h t
”
H e li
t r a n s m t s . t h e o r ru p t re e s e nt ein e ,
c
( 58 G k
p
v vv e c
xa t pe v vv tpe v c ov po t w t h w h h h e o nt r a st s t h e , i ic c
C h r st an o n e p t o n : i i c c i
N ll
u um a p u d l
te um e n e st n e c e st al iq u is q u i sp o nsu s m e re at u r a u re di
unum l
u m e n e st , u n u s e st sp o n su s N o m inu m h o rum g rat iam C h r st u s . i
acc e p it
”
o a . T d y i
C h r st is st o u r h e ro an d t h e r e g ro o m o f t h e so u ill b id l .

T h e se at t r ut e s w ib
b e o n rm e in re g ar t o ill ss c fi
e r s h e ro in
’
d d Mi Mil l
w h at o o w s f ll .

T h g i i ng e v of a n am e is t h e r e o re f of s i g ni fi c nc a in t h e so a e
e -
c ll d
pi i t l m if i O cc u l t P h e no m e na,
”
s r ua an e st at o ns . S e e m y p ap e r, 1 9 0 2, Col
l e ct e d P ap e rs o n A n alyt i c l yc l y a P s ho og .

T he an ci e nt s e c g ni e d t h i
r d em n
o z s o as o vvo t radé c. t h e c omp ani on and

f llo ow er .

A p ar a l l el to t h e se p h ant as i es are the we l l k now n i nt erpret at i o ns

-

of t h e S l l a P et i f t h e p o p e
e r o .

W h e n F e ud c al l d at t nt i n t h ug h h is an alyt i c e se a ch e s t t h e
r e e o ro r r o
c o nn c t i n b t w n c m nt and g l d m any i g n ant p ns f und
e o e ee ex re e s o ,
or e rso o

t h em l bl i g d t i d i c u l e in a n ai y m ann t h i c nn c t i n T h e
se v e s o e o r r er s o e o .

m y t h l g i t t h i nk d i ff
o o s snt ly ab ut it D G ub n t i ay t h at e re o . e er a s s s e x c re

m nt an d g l d a
e al w y o c i at d t g t h re G i m m t l l us f t h f l a s a sso e o e er . r e s o e o

l w i ng m g i c c h a m I f n w nt m n y in h i h u t h w h l y a
o a r :
“
o e a s o e s o se e o e e r,

at l e nt i l n N w Y a T h i n t abl c nn c t i n is ”
on em u st e D ay s o e e r s
’
. s o e o e o
ex p l a i n d i m p ly
e t h u g h t h p h y i l g i c a l f ac t
s f th i nd i g t i b i l i ty f
ro e s o o o e es o

l e nt i l w h i c h appe a ag ai n in t h e f m f c i ns T h us o n b c me s a
s, r or o o . e e o

m i nt
c h f at h w h nat u al ly d i ag e d w i t h m in reg a d t t h i s
A F re n er o r s re e r o
i nt e e t in h i c h i l d m nt i n d n t h l
r s s t h at w h e n t h e c h i l d sp e ak s
e o e , ev e r e e ss,

o f c ac a h e al w ay a dd l it ; h e m e an c ac a a u l it
“ ”
o, s s s - -
.

F ud Jah b u h V l I p
re : J ung : J ah b uch Vo l II p 3 3 S e e
r c , o .
,
. 1 . r , .
, . .

th i d l ct u e d l i
r e d a t C l a k U ni e i t y 90 9
r e v e re r v rs ,
1 .

”
I e f e t o th p e i u e tym l g i c c nne ct i n
r r e r v o s o o o o .

C o m p a e B l u l e r : J ah rb u h Vo l III p 4 67
r e c , .
, . .

G e ni u s and I nsani t y .
”

H ag ai n is t h e c nnect i o n w i th ant i qui ty t h e i nf ant i l e p ast

e re o , .

T h i f ac t i u nk n w n t m I t m i g h t b p i bl t h t in s me
s s o o e . e o ss e a o

w ay t h n m f t h l g n d a y m an w h
e a e i n nt d t h c un i f m c h ar
o e e e r o ve e e e or
522 TH E O R I G I N OF TH E H ERO [pp . 1 9 1 -232

Vo l l e rs : I bi d .

An cc unt ay t h at A l nd h ad b e n in I nd i a n t h e
oth er a o s s ex a er e o

m u nt i n f A d am w i t h h i m i ni t C h id h
“
o a o s s er er .

Th m yt h l g i c al q u at i n f l l w b l ut ly t h u l f d re ams
e se o o e o s o o a so e e r e o ,

wh th d am
e re n b e l d i nt m ny ana l g u f m
re er c a e re s o v e o a o o s or s.

H e m u t g w b ut I m u t w a t aw ay — J hn iii : 30
“ ”
s ro ,
s s e . o .

C um ont : T ex t e s e t M o n u m e nt s,
”
p . 1 72 .

T he l l l b t w n H c u l an d M i th a m ay b d aw n e e n
p a ra e e ee er es r e r v

m o re cl ly L i k H c u l
o se M i t h a i a n c l l nt a c h
e er J u d g i ng
e s, r s ex e e r er .

f m c t ai n m num nt n t n ly t h y ut h f u l H c u l
.

ro er o e s, pp to b o e o er es a e a rs o e

th t n d by
re a e e n k b ut l M i th a s ay uth T h m ni ng f
e, a so ra as a o . e ea o

th e 5 93 5 f H cul
0 o ( t h w k ) i
er t h a m e aes t h M i t h a iec m y t y o
orf s e s s e r s er

th e c n q u i ng nd c i fic f t h b u l l
o er a sa r e o e .

Th th e se cn p
re e nt d in a
s e w es n th a reK l ag nf u t re re se e ro o e e r

m nu m nt
o Th u t h d m t i c c nn c t i n f t h e se m ust b e su mi se d
e . s e ra a o e o o r

( C um nt : M y t d
“
o s . es

Al th t ipl c w n
q u nc i J h n—C h i t P e t e —
so e r e ro .

T h e C h i t i an P p
‘ 5
r s se e e s o r s ,
r o e.

Th i mm t a l i t y f M e i p n by t h p a al l e l si t uat i on w i th
e or o os s s ro v e e r

E l i a in t h t an fi g u at i n
s e r s r o .

S F b n i u : D a Z i t a l t d S nn ng t t s
ee ro e s
“
s e er es o e o e .
”

Th f t h fi h i t h ym b l f t h S n f G d at t h e same
e re o r e e s s e s o o e o o o

t i me th fi h i ale th s ym b l f t h e p p ach i ng w l d cycl e

s so e s o o a ro or -
.

R ikl in : W i h F u lfi l m nt nd S ym b l i m s e a o s .

5°
I nm an : A nc i nt P ag an and M d e n C h i st i an Sym b l i sm
“
e o r r o .

T h am n i t i c m m b n (
“1
e o e ra e

T h Et u i n T g e wh
r r a
p ng f m th a f h ly p l ug h d fu
e s, o s ra ro e re s o e r

ro w i,
l t
s a so ch f wi d m a I n t h L it
ea l n m y t h f t h B ut
er o s o . e ao a e o e as o s,

th e re i a d c i pt i n f h w a m n t
s es r d u d l l m n nd l f t n ly
o o o o s er ev o re a e a e o

o n e w m n wh o ga
a b i th t a n th h
,
o in a t bl
ve ( in t d f a
r o so ,
e e ro , s a e s ea o

ca : ve thse e t ym l g y f t h i m yt h )
e e B f o o h h d a ang d a b d
o s . e o re s e a rr e e

f or th i nf nt u t f t h t aw h w a l dy g w n nd p k w d
e a o o e s r ,
e as re a ro a s o e or s

f wi d m q u i ck g w t h f t h h a f q u nt ly c u i ng
”
o s Th o . e ro o e e ro , re e re rr

m tio app a
v e, t m n th t th e rs b i t h n d app a nt c h i l d h d f t h
o ea a e r a re oo o e

h e ro a re t a d in y b c u hi b i t h
so ex r or l ly m an h i
ar b i the a se s r re a e s s re r ,

th f
e r e o re h e b ec m s y q u i ckly ad apt d t o h is h e o é l
o e v er C o mp are e r r e.
b l w
e o .

B at t l f R e w i t h t h ni g h t rp e nt
e o e se .

M at t h w iii e : 1 1 .

55 “
D a G il g am h p s in d W l t l it t u V L I R 5
es e os er e e ra r, O » 0 :

Th d i ff nc b t w n t h i nd t h M i t h
e e re e e c i fic ee m t be s a e ra sa r e se e s o

ex rt a d i n i ly i g n i fic nt T h D d ph
or ar s h mla g d
. f l i ght e a o o re s a re ar e ss o s o

wh od n t po t ic ip t
o in t h c i fic T h ni m l i l ck i ng in t h
ar a e e sa r e . e a a s a e
sa rc i fic f C h i t T h f
e o th r s a . tw c rim i n l w h u ff t h
e re o re e re re o a s o s er e
s am e d e at h Th c n is much m
. e d am at i c T he i nne c nn c t i n
s e e o re r . r o e o
pp . 1 91
-
232 ] TH E OR I G I N OF TH E H ERO 523

of the D a d o p h o re s to M i th r a, of w hi h c I w ill p k l t sll w ea a e r, a o s us

t o a ssu m e t h e s am e re at o nl i o f C h ri st t o the c i m i l T h c n w i th
r na s . e s e e

B a abb r as b t y e ra s t h at C h ri st is the god o f th d i ng y e wh i en e a r, o s

r e p r e se nt e d by n o e of th e i
t h e v e s, w h il e th e n o f t h c m i ng y
e o i e o e ar s
f re e

Fo r ex a m p e , l the f llo o w ng i d d ic ti
e a on is f o un d n o a m o nu m e nt :
D I M ( D I i c t M it h ) C t p t i O
. . . eo nv o m t im r ae au o a . ne di c s o v e rs so e es
D M it h C t D M it h imi l lt ti n
I i c t M it h — m t i m D I i ct — m ly I i ct
eo r ae C au e t p ti i or eo r ae au o a n a s ar a e rn a o

as D eo nv o r ae or so e es eo nv o o r, e re ,
nv o .

It l a so pp th t th
a D d ph e a rs fi tt d w ith k i f
a e d b w th a O o re s a re e n e an o , e
a tt i b t r f M ith
u es F m t h i it i t b c cl d d t h t t h t h
o ra . ro s s o e on u e a e re e

fig u re s p t th re d i ff t t t re se n f i ng l p n C m p
re e e re n s a es o a s e e rso . o are
C m t u T t t M m nt p 8
on :
“
ex es e o nu e s,
”
. 20 .

C i t d by C m nt e T t t M n m nt u o p 8 : ex e s e o u e s,
”
. 20 .

Ibid .

T nd S c
a u ru s pi th a q i ct i l i g f t h p i d f m
or o a re e e u no a s ns or e er o ro

43 00 t 5 C
o Th 21 i g n l ng i nc p d d w
0 B . . e se t i
s d n s, o s e su e rs e e , e re re a n e ev e

in t h C h i t i e r s an e r a .

U nd m c i c m t nc er soit i l e n nd m
r u n s a e s, s a so su a oo .

I d t c h c t i t h i nd i i d l d t h l l
n or er o ara l th p
er z e l e v ua an e a -
so u , e e rso n a

a nd t h p pe n l A
su t m n e r-
f
e r so t h S h t
a a h ,
t U p h da ,
a v e rs e o e ve s v a ara - a ni s a

( D n )
e u sse m k f t h f l l w i c m
a e s u se o
g p i n e o o n o ar so :

Zw i c h b fl g l t b dn F
e s nd on e u e e v er un e re u e
Um m i nd d lb B m ; ar e n e ne n u e n se en au
Ei ih p i t di ii B
ne r v o n ne n s e s e s s se e e re ,

D d ch t i c ht d n h b
e r an re s au ,
n e sse n ,
ur e ra .

( T w cl ly l l i d f i d b t i f l ly w i g d m b c n
o o se a e r en s, e au u n e ,
e ra e o e
d th
an m t ; O n ef t h m
sa t t h e w re e t b i t h t he o e ea s e s ee e rr e s, e o er

n t ti g m
o ly l k d w w d )
ea n e re oo s o n ar s .

A m g t h l m nt c m p i g m on e i t h M i t h i c l i t gy fi
e e e s o i os n an, n e ra ur ,
re s

es p c i el ly m a p h i d t h e d i i l mas z e t n d d c i b
as d 5 e v ne e e en , a es r e as 7

il l 9 54 7 (T h di i g i ft i
60 my c m p i t i n )
0 7 7 01’ Di t i ch
e v ne n o os o . e r

I b i d p 58 .
,
. .

It i ffic i nt t s p i nt t su th l i g i nt t w h i c h m nk i d nd
e o o o e ov n e re s a n a
l th G d f th O l d T t m t h f t h n tu
a so e o o e f t h p ni nd
es a en as or e a re o e e s, a
h ow m u h c d epen d s upo n it .

T h e t e st i cl es e as i ly c o u nt as t w ns i . Th e r e o re f in vu lga r sp e e ch
the t e st i cl es ar e c al l d e th e Si am e se t w ns i . VII ,

p . 20 . Q uo t e d by S t e ke l : S p ac h r e de s T m pr au e s, .

sur le cul t e, etc . de Vén P i 8 37

u s, a r s, 1 . Q uo t e d by
P
,

I nm an :
“
A nc i e nt ag an and M d o e rn C h i t i n S ym b l i m
r s a o s ,
”
N ew Y o rk ,

p .
4 .

“7
T he an d ro g yn o us l
e e m e nt is no t b e u n e rv a u e
to in t h e a e s o f d l d f c
A d ni o s, C h ri st ,
Di o ny su s Mi and t h r a , a n d h nt s a t t h e i
se x u a t of th e bi li y
l ibi d o . T he sm o o t h - s ha n f c ve a e an d t h e e m n ne f i i
o t h n g o f t h e C at h o cl i l ic
p r e sti c o nt a n i a v er y ld f m l co e a e o n st t u e n t i
ro m t h e tt s C e e u t f A i -
yb l c l .

“8
S t e ke l (
“
S p ch d T ra e es r aum e s h as ag a n i a nd ag a n i no t e d th e
T i ni t y
r as a p h l l i c ym b l
a s o . Fo r e x am p e , l se e p . 27 .
5 24 S Y M BOL I S M OF TH E M O TH ER [pp 2 3 3 3 0 6 .
-

S yun s r a
’
Ph l l i s a .

I B k i i myt h w m
n a a a r pp wh h p ng f m
. c n
a o an a e a r s, o as s ru ro a or
m tor ar I Z l m yt h it i i d A w m i t c t c h d p f bl d
. n a u u s sa : o an s o a a ro o oo

in a v e sse l t h cl th ,
l p t it i d f i g h t m t h
en o se d p n e v e s se ,
u as e or e on s an o e
it i t h n i th m t h S h f l l w t h d ic p t h
e n n on . l i th e o o s e a v e, o e ns e v e sse n e
n ni th m th d fi don c h i l d i it ( F b i
, an Dn Z it lt d
s a n . ro e n us :
“
as e a er es
S G d] I p
”
o nn e n g tt [T h Ago es f th S e e o e un - o , ,
.

I m Ibid p n an : P l t IX .
,
. 1 0, a e .

R h o sc L ic er : Sp S ct i n M n
ex o n, . ee se o , e .

A w l l— k w e n ni m l no f q nt n p h l l i c y mb l
su a a ,
re ue as a a s o .

Lik M ith e d t h D d ph ra an e a o o re s .

Th c t ti i th e as ra ic f th m th on pl i n thi q t ti n e se rv e o e o er ex a ns s uo a o

in a v er y i g i fic t m s E d i 5 T h Zi p p h t k h p
n an an n e r : xo . v : 2 :
“
en o ra oo a s ar

t
s o ne , d t an ff h cu f ki od c t it t hi erf t d id so n s
’
o re s n an as a s ee an sa ,

S ly
u re bl dy h b d t t h t m
,
a oo Th i p g h w w h t
us an ar ou o e .
”
s a ss a e s o s a
c i c mci i m
r u s on e a ns .

G i l g m h Di y a H c l Ch i t M ith
es ,
on d n
su s, e r u e s, r s ,
r a, an so o .

C mp o w i th t h i are G f R W g n im F l i g nd n H l l nd s, ra : . a er e e e
'

o a er :
S ch i f tr eng w d t
zur S lan k n d e an en ee en u e .
”

I h p i t d
av e t b i
o n e f c t t h Z im
ou i i n t h t a ov e , n re e re n e o e os os v s o , a

t h e a t ar l m e ant t h e ut e ru s, c o rre sp o n di ng t o th e b apt i sm a l f o nt .

C HA P T E R V
F re u d : D re am I nt e rp r e t at o n i .

I am i d bt d
n e e to Dr . Ab eg g in Z iiric h fo r t h e kn ow e l dg e of I nd ra and

U rv a ra, Do m a l d i and R am a .

M d i l C h i t i an i t y a l o c n i d e d t h T i ni ty a s d w e l l i ng in t h e
3
e ev a r s s o s er e r

w m b f t h h ly Vi g i n
o o e o r .

S ym b l i m P l at V II o s ,
”
e .

An t h
l’
f m f t h am m t i i t h P i an i d a f t h e t ee f
o er or o e s e o ve s e e rs e o r o

l i f w h i ch t and s in t h l k f i n V u uk h
e, s Th d f thi e a e o ra ,
o r as a . e se e s o s

tre e w mi d w ith w t
e re nd b y t h t t h
xe f t i l ity f t h th w a er a a e er o e e ar as

m i nt i n d
a a V n d i d ad 5 5 7 y T h w t fl w t t h l k e
e .
“
e ,
”
, ,
sa s: e a e rs o o e a

V u u ka h
o r d w n t th t s H ap ; t h
a, omy t f m ny k i n d
o ll e re e v a ere re e s o a s a

g ro w I c
. a u t h w t t i n d wsen f d f t h p u m an
e se a e rs o ra o as oo or e re ,

as f dd f t h w l l b n w ( I m p g n t i n in t m f t h p
o er or e e -
or co . re a o er s o e re

H m w h ich g w
,

se x u l t ag
a ) An th s t f l ife .i th w hit o er re e o e s e e ao a, ro s

p i ng A d icu f l if Spi g l E an A l t ”
in t h th
“
e s r w t r v ra, e a er o e . e e : r . er
”
t um sku nd e , 1 ,-4 6 5 , 4 6 7 .

6
E c ll
x e e nt e x am p e s l of th s i a re g i v en in k f R ank
the w or o
“
T he
M yt h f t h B i t h f t h H
,

o e r o e e ro ,
”
t r a n s at e l d by W m W h i t . e .

S h ad w p b ably m n t h o s ro ea e so u l the n tua f w h ich i th

re o s e sa me as
w ith th i P a
,

l ibi d C m p o . o a re s rt I .

3
B ut I m u st m e nt i on t h at N k or R e al rt e rb u c h ,
”
su b . Th b e en und
S c h i ff ) l d
p e a s t h at Th b e es is the sh p t i ci y ; h is a rg u m e nt s a re mu h c
526 SYM B OL I S M OF TH E M O TH ER [pp . 23 3 -
30 6

gi v en to P s am at h e
The no s am e nt is, a s
. Li l
e ro o t u s sh o w s ( , H d II
id ic l i
e nt a w t h t h e P h ce n ic ian, C p r a n a n d g p t an y i
u st o m of th e E y i c
Ad i T
on s ( -
am m u z ) am e nt As l
e ro o t u s o se rv e s,
. no s H
is a e d b Li c ll d
y
M an e ro s in E g p t ru g s h p o nt s o u t t h at B c i
M a ne ro s o m e s ro m t h e c f
P i
.

y i l
E g p t a n c ry o f am e nt at o n, m a a n c h r u i om e t o th e a
”
-
o n e is
-
‘

. c c ll .

c c i d by
h a ra t e r z e h e r t e a r ng t h e h re n i
ro m t h e w o m c il d
o f a l l m o t h e rs b f .

T i bl
h s e n se m e o f m o t v e s is o un i
a g a n in t h e f d
p o a p se , x ii : 1 5 , i A c ly -

w h e re it t r e at s o f t h e w o m an, w h o se h w a s t h r e at e n e a c ild
r ag o n d by d
b ut w a s sn at h e aw a c d
nt o t h e h e av e n s y i T he h m u r e r of e ro c ild d
.
-
H d
is an a nt h ro p o m o rp h sm o f t h s
“
i
pr m t v e
”
ea i
T h e am m e an s t h e i ii id l b .

so n .
( S e e r u g s h :
“
B D ie A d o n c
i sk l a g e u n d d a s L in o s l ie d ,
”
e r n B li
et e rDi h ( r a x ic
as :
“
t u e Ab
n z ur R e g o n sg e s S di
h h t e de s li i c ic
sp at e re n Al
t e rt u m s, 1 891 ) f
re e r s fo r an e x p an at o n o f t h s p a ss ag e t o l i i
th e m t h of y A ll
p o o a n d P t h o n , w h h h e re p ro u e s a s o o w s : y “
ic
To d c f ll
P y t h o n, t h e so n o f e art h , t h e g re at r ag o n, it w as p ro p h e s e t h at t h e d i d
so n o f L
et o w o u h im ; l d ki l l
e t o w a s p re g n an t L e u s : b ut e ra by Z H
b
b ro ug h t it a o ut t h at sh e c o u ld g iv e b irt h o n l y t h e r e w h er e t h e s un d id
n o t sh ine W
h e n y t h o n s aw t h at P e t o w as p re g n a n t , h e L
e g an t o p u r s ue b
L P id
.

h e r in o r e r t o d h e r, b u t kil l
o re a s ro u g h t eto t o B o se on T he b .

l at t e r b
ro u g h t h e r t o O rt y g ia an d o v e re t h e s an w t h t h e w av e s o f c d il d i
t h e se a h en Wyt h o n P
no t fi n d e t o, h edid r e t u rn e to a rn a ssu s L d P .

by P i d
.

L et o b
ro u g h t o rt h u p o n t h e f s an t h ro w n u p il d
o se on T h e o u rt h f .

f
d ay a t e r t h e A ll k
rt h , bi
po o t o okil l d y r e v e ng e a n d e t h e P t h on T he .

bi i dd i l d b l
rt h up o n t h e h en s an i i j y
e o ng s t o t h e m o t v e o f t h e n g ht o u rne

o n t h e se a .
”
ic l c c
T h e ty p a
. il d y
h ara t e r of t h e
“
s an p h a nt a s
”
h a s fo r
th e fi i c
r st t m e b e e nc ly c i d by
o rr e t p e r e v e II R ik l in ( 1 9 1 2 J a h r b u c h, Vo l , .

p A b if l e a ull l
t u i p a r a f d
e f o r i
t h s is t o b e o u n t o g e t h e r w t h t h e

H V
.
,

c y i c
n e e ss ar y i l
n e st u o u s p h a n t a s m at e r a , in de e re S t ac p o o l :
“
T he .

Bl Lue A
ag o o n
”
ll l P l
p ara e t o
. Vi i i “
au an d rg n a .

Re l ti n i: 2
ve a An d t h h ly c i t y t h new J e u a l m I aw
o xx : e o ,
e r s e ,
s

c m i n g d w n f m t h e h a e n f G d p pa e d as a b id e ad o n d f r
o o ro
”
e v o o , re r r r e o

h e r b rid e g r o o m .

T he l e gen d f S akt id e v a, in S o m ad e v a
o h at t a, re at e s t h at t h e h e ro , B l
a f t er h e h ad e s ap ec ro m d f
e ng e v o u re b i d
a h u g e fi sh ( t e rr e d by i bl
moth e r) , fi n a l ly se e s t h e g o en t l d ci y
an d m arr e s h is e ov e p r n e ss i b l d i c
( F ro b e ni u s , p .

I n th e po A c y p h al c t r a s of St . Th o m as ( and c e nt u y ) r th e c h u ch r is
k
t a en t o b e t h e v i gin
r m ot h e r sp o u se -
of C h ri st . In an in c ti
vo a on o f th e

l
ap ost e , it is s a id :
Co me , h o ly n am e o f C h ri st ,
t h o u w h o a rt ab o v e al l name s .

Co m e p ow e r o f t h e h i g h e st an d g re at e st m e rcy
, ,

C o m e d i sp e n se r o f t h e g re at e st bl e ssi ng s
, ,

C o m e g rac i o u s m o t h e r
,
.

C o m e e c o no m y o f t h e m asc u l i ne .

C o m e w o m a n t h o u w h o d isc l o se st t h e h i dd en my st eri e s
,

, ,

In ano t h e r i nv o at o n c i it is sa id :
Com e , g re at e st ,
mercy
Co m e , sp o u se ( t e ra li l ly c o m m un i ty ) of the m al e ,
Come ,
w o m a n, t h o u w h o kn m st e r o f t h e
o w e st the y y l
e ec t ,
Come w o m an , t h o u w h o sh o w e st t h e h e n t h ng s i dd i
k bl
,

A nd w h o re v e al e st t h e u nsp e a a e t h n g s, h o y i l
D o v e, thou w h o br i ng e st f
o rt h t h e t w n n e st ng , i li
C o me , my st e r i o us mo t h er, et c .
pp . 23 3 -
30 6 ] SYM BO L I S M OF TH E M O TH ER 527

F C C nyb
. . o e a re : Die j u ng fra u l ic h e K i ch r e u nd d ie j u ng frau l ic h e
M ut t A hi er f
.
”
R e l ig i o n sw is s
rce ns c h af t
v , , 7 7 ur o nn e t o n o f IX . T he c ci
th ec h u ch w i t h
r t h e m o t h e r is no t t o b e o u te , a so t h e o n e pt o n d b d l c c i
o f t h e m o t h e r a s s po u se T h e v rg n is ne e ss a r n t ro u e to h .
e i i c i ly i d c d id
the n e st i c
ea T he id
“
o m m un t w t h th e m a e
.
”
c
p o nt s t o t h e m o t v e iy i l i i
of the i
o nt n u o u s c i
oh a t at o n T he
“
t w n ne st ng s c”
bi
re e r t o t h e o l d . i li f
l d J
e g e n , t h at T
e su s a n d h o m a s w e re t w n s It p a n e x p r e sse s t h e i .l i ly
i
mot v e of the Di c i T f o s ur d bi T h e re o re ,l c o u t ng h o m as h ad t o p a e h is .

fi d
n g e r in t h e w o u ni d Zi d f
at t h e s c c ly
e c i dnz e n o r h a s o rr e t pe r e v e th e .

l i i fic c
se x u a s gn i y b l i
an e o f t h s s m o d y t h a t h n t s at t h e an ro g no u s n at u re
of th e i ii b i
p r m t v e l ibi d
e ng ( t h e P i l do) C o m p a re t h e e rs an eg en of .

i M c i
t h e t w n t re e s e s h a an d ll i
M e c h ia ne , as w e as t h e m ot v e o f t h e

Di c i i c bi i
o s u r a nd t h e m o t v e o f o h a t at o n .

C mp F d D m I t p t t i n A l Ab h m D
o are re u :
“
re a n er re a o .
”
so ra a : re am s

a nd M yt h s,
”
pp . 22 f
I i s a ah x l iii :
v 1 . H e ar ye t h i s, 0 h o u se of J ac b o , wh i ch are c al l d e

by t h e n am e of I srae l a nd a re c om e f o rt h o u t o f t h e w at e rs of J u d ah .

Wi rt h : Au s o r e nt a i l i ch s en C h ro n i k e n .
-
T he G re e k “
M at e r a i is
537177 ich m n
, wh ea s w oo d an d f o re st ; it re a l ly m e an s m o i st , f ro m th e
I d G m ic
n o- er an
0

ro o t su
o

In
n

W
,
“
to ma k e w et, t o h av e i t
0

i ra n
0
”
;
Q
126 7 65
: i ; I i n
ra n r an a sut h sap , f ui t b i
r ,
rt h ; S an s r t s c i ura : b andy ;
r s ut us

p re g n an cy ; ut s e, sii y a t e z to g e ne r a t e ; su t as z so n ; i ra s z
sz so m a ; W 6?
so n ; ( S an c i t s r , san d s ; g hi
o t c ,
s u n us ) .

”‘
K oZ/znua m e a ns c oh ab i t at i n an hp o ,
Kat r cov be dch a mb e r, h e nc e c o e me t e rium
c emet er y , en cl o se d f e nc d p l ac e e .

N k or : R e a l w o rt e rb uc h .

m t h o f C e e e s, a
In ov eama y l b d id n wh w
e o c augh t in t h
as e

m anne r o f t h e sw an m a e n m t h , w as id y c l l d Ut h
a e a ag i af t a w h it er e

i ic
h a r w h h g re w o n it s ro w n and in w h c i ch t h w e re a m ag i c st e ng t h
s r .

F ro b e ni u s , p .
30 7 .

R e f e rri ng to the ph a l l i c ym b l i s o sm of th e fi ng e r, se e the re m a r s k

a b D ct yl i P t II C h p I I m t i
o ut the a t thi p l c t h f l l w i ng
,
ar , a . : en on a s a e e o o

f m B k i i m yt h N im g k i d
ro a a d tw fi g b
a r m y : a a an r o ev o ure o n er o n e s, an
o f w h ich w i th h b c Ok d th m f h i
e re n w h d e o u se , e au se a u se e or s a rro ea s
an d k i l l d m ny B k i i w h e fle h h t T h w m n b c m p g
a a a r o se s e a e . e o a e a e re

n ant f m th fi g b n nd n ly f m t h i n t f m O k
ro e n (q t d er o e a o ro s, o ro a
”
uo e
by F b ni p ro e u s, .

F t h p f f t h i in P l l w i t
ur er G i c h i c h E tym l g i
ro o or s re z : r e s e o o e .

S i ck D G tt R d in R i g d
e e : A hi f R l ig i n w i n
“
er o u ra ve a
”
: rc v ur e o s sse
h ft V l I p
sc a 37 , o .
,
. 2 .

Th fig t i th ph l l i c t
e I t i n t w t h y t h t Di ny
ree s e a re e . s o e or a o su s

p l nt d a fig t e t th t nc
a t H d j t Ph l l i
re e pl c d a e e n ra e o a e s, us as
“
a
”
are a e

n g
o T h cy p
r av e s t c n c t d t A ph d i t g w t b nt i ly
. e ru s re e o se ra e o ro e re o e e re

a to k en of d e at h , b c au e se it w a s p l ac d e at the d oor of the h o u se of

d e at h .

Th f t h t e re o r e e re e at t im es is a l so a r e p re se nt at o n i of t h e sun . A
R u ss i n i dd l
a l t d r e re a e to me by Dr . Van O p h u i j se n re a d s:
“
W h at is

the t e w h i ch
r e t nd s a s in the m i dd l e of th e v ill ag e and is v i si bl e in
528 S Y M BOL I S M OF TH E M O TH ER [pp . 23 3 -
30 6

ev er y c o tt ag e ? ”
A nsw e r :
“
T he su n a n d it s l i gh t .
”
A N o rw e g an r i i ddl e
re a d : s

A t re e st an s o n t h e d m o unt a in of B i l l i ng s,
I t en s ov er a a e , b d l k
I t s r a n h e s sh n e e go : b c i l ik ld
Y o u w o n t g u e ss t h a t t o d a y
’
-
.

I n t h e e v e n ng t h e i
a ug h t e r o f t h e su n o e te th e g o d c ll c d l d en
b ran h e s, w h c h h ad e en ro e n ic
ro m t h e w o n e r u o ak b b k f d f l .

tt e r w e e ps t h e Bi
t t e su n ly li l
I n t h e ap p e o r h a r l c d .

ro m t h e a pp e t re e h a s F a en l f ll
T h e g o e n ap p e , ld l
Do no t w e ep, l itt l e sun,

m a e ano t h e r G od w ill k
O g o , o f ro n z e , o f s f ld il b v er .

T he p i ck i
ng o f t h e ap p e ro m t h e p a r a di t
l f m y b c m p d w i th se re e a e o are
t h e fi re t h e t , t h e r aw n g af of the d i b ck l i b i d f m t h m th (S o ro e o e r. ee

t he e x p an at o n s l
wh h o ow i
o n e rn ic f l l c c i g t h p c i fic d d f t h n e s e ee o e

h e ro ) .

T he l i
r e at o n m o t h e r w as t h e p s h o o g
of the so n b as s o f t o t he yc l i c i
y
m an re g o n s li i
I n t h e C h r st a n e g e n. i i
t h e r e at o n o f t h e so n t o t h e l d l i
m o t h e r is e x t r a o r n a r e ar R o e rt so ndi i ly cl
v a ng e a
”
t h s ) h as . b E l i c l My
h it u p o n t h e re at o n o f C h r st t o t h e l i a r s, a n d h e i
o n e t u r e s t h at M y c j c
i l i
t h s r e at o n p ro a b bly
re e r s t o a n o l d m t h f
w h e re a g o d o f a e st n e , y P l i
p e rh a p s o f t h e n a m e o sh u a , a p p e ars in t h e h J
an g n g r e a t o n o f o v er c i l i l
ic l M y T i
an d so n t o w a r s a m y t h a ar d l c
h s is a n at ur a p ro e ss in t h e .

o ld e st t h e o so p h ic
an d o ne w h i y i i y
h ap p e ars w t h v a r at o n s in t h e m t h s o f
Mi Ad i A i
t h r a, o n s, ii Di y
t t s, O s r s and b
o n su s, a l l o f w h o m w e re ro u g h t

i l i c bi i
nt o re at o n ( o r om i dd
n at o n ) w t h m o t h e r g o e s se s a n d w h o a
pp e ar
i c
e t h e r as a f i i
o n so rt o r a id l
em n ne e o o n in so fa r a s t h e m o t h e rs a n d

c n t w
o i d nt i fi d
so r s cc i n ff d
e re e e as o as o o e re .
”

R nk h p i nat d t b t i f l
as m p l fot h i in t hemyt h ou a e au u ex a e o s e of

th ew m id ns anDi L h ng i g
a S c h i f t n u ng w nd t
e . e o e r n sa e : r e z r a e a en

S e l nk u nd
e e e .
”

M ( G c
ut h e r
e h i c h t d e M a l
“
i V l
s II ) a y i n et h c h ap t err e re ,
”
o . s s e

T h F i t S p an i h C l a i c : T i ck nc w t e S ua l i ty i t h g at ” “
e rs s ss e o e ro : ex s e re

my st y f er u b i ng S n u al i t y i t h fi t m i ng w h l in u
o o r e . e s s e rs ov ee o r

m ac h i n y I t ti er u . b i ng and m ak it j y u nd l i i ng E y
s rs o r e es o o s a v . v er

t h i ng w d am f a b aut i f u l and n bl i i ncl u d d h e S u a l i ty

e re o s e o e s e er . ex

an d n u u nse s a th o pi i t
s f m u ic
e ss f p i n t i ng n d f a l l a t
re e s rAl l o s ,
o a a o r .

w i he s f m an k i n d
s o t at a und th i c nt l i k m t h a un d a
ro e ro s e er e o s ro

b u n i ng l i gh t T h
r n f b ut y and t h
. f l i ng f a t a
e se se o n ly ea e ee or r re o

o th er p iexn f itre ss oT h y i g n i fy n t h i ng m
s o t.h a n t h i m p u le s o o re e se

o f m ank i n d t w a d p i n I c n id d ut n i t lf as a d i t d
o r s ex re s s o . o s er ev o e ss se v er e

ch nn l f t h
a e u al d
o i H it i p n ly d cl a d t h at n h u l d
e se x e s re .
”
e re s O e e re o e s o

n ev e rf g t w h n j u d g i ng t h nc i nt ccl i a t i c t t h at t h e ff t
or e e e a e e es s ar e or

t o ffac t h b u n d a i
e e b tw n
e t h ly
o nd d i i n r esl t bl n d t h m
e ee e ar a v e ov e , o e e
i nt o ch t h i m p c pt i bly h a l w y b n t h g u i d i ng t h ug h t t h e
ea o er er e ,
s a a s ee e o ,

t
s ro ng t f ac t es in t h p p g an d a f t h C at h l i c c h u c h
or e ro a o e o r .

W w i l l n t d i cu h
e th o n f th s t ng t h
ss f t h p h ant a y
e re e r e aso s or e s re o e s .

B ut it d n t m diffi c u l t t m t
oes o i m ag i n w h at
se e t f p w a e o e o e so r o o e rs r

h i dd n b h i n d t h ab
e e f m ul e ov e or a .
530 SYM BOL I S M OF TH E M O TH ER [pp . 23 3 -

30 6

ps
yc h l g i c w u l d l ay cl ai m t a g at w t h f t h e u l t i m at t h e o ry
o o o o re er or ,
or e ,

b c u
e a f it d i c t n
se o s re e ss

D I si d t O i
‘ 8 “
e . e s r .

E m an : A g y pt e n p 3 6
r
“
e ,
. 0 .

H I m u t g i n c l l t h at I g i t t h w d i nc t m
e re s a a ig re a ve o e or es
”
o re s

n ifi nca th n p p ly b l ng t
ce th
a t m J u t a l i b i d i t h nw d
ro er e o s o e er . s s o s e o ar

d i i ng f c
r v i nc t i in m m nn t h b ck w a d u g i nt ch i l d
o r e, so es s so e a er e a r r e o

h ood F t h c h i l d it c nn t b p k n f i nc t O n ly f t h a d u l t
. or e ,
a o e s o e o as es . or e

wh a c m p l t ly f
o s se sse s m d u l i ty d th b o ck w a d u g b e e or e se x a oes e a r r e e
po
c m i n c t b c au h i n l n g a c h i l d b u t p
o e es ,
e se a e u al i t ye s o o er o sse sse s s x

w h i c h c ann t b p m i t t d a g o i p p l i c atei n er e re r e ss v e a o .

C o m p a e F b e n i u : D a Z i t a l t d S n n ng t t s
r ro s s e er es o e o e .
”

C m p a e t h e ni g h t m a l g n d
o r in w h i c h t h e m a e is a b e aut i f u l re e e s r

w o m an .

Th i c al l t h e ph al l i c c l um n p l ac d in t h t m p l
s re s f A ta t o s e e e es o s r e .

I n f ct a cc d i ng t n a i n t h w i f f t h k i ng w n am d
or o o e v e rs o e e o e as e

fi t t ing l y c a l l d é y é hm
, ,

A t a t T h i ym b l b i ng t m i n d t h c
s r e . s s o r s o e ro ss e s, e x a

(p g n
re a n t c ) w h i c h c nc l
ro sse sa c t l i q u y ,
o ea se re re ar .

S p ie l e in ( J a h b u h V l III p 3 5 8 ) p i n t
r rut num uc i nd i c a
, o .
,
. o s o e ro s

ti no f the m t i
s o f d i m m b m nt in a d m nt d p t i nt
o v e o F ag m nt s e er e e e e a e . r e s

a i d t h i ng i l w c k d b u nt ” ”
and m t
“ “
o f th m t e os v r e s a er a s e re oo e or r .

a h c an b c m p at i nt w ch i l d n d i m m b d ”
“
Th e s m n Th e o e a . e e sa re s e e re

in g l a I n a dd i t i n t h ab m nt i n d h i ng cl ani ng “ ” ‘
c fli n ss o s . w o ,
e ov e -
e o e as , e ,
“
c k i ng and b u n i ng h
oo
”
b i d th c itu m ti“
r al th
”
a s, es es e o s o v e, so e

p g re n a n cy m t i ; t h l t t p b a
obly in p
ve d m i n at i n g m e u a er ro a re o e as re .

L at ff h t f t h i p i m i t i t h y f t h i g i n f c h i l d n e
er o s oo s o s r ve eor o e or o re ar

c nt i n d in t h d c t i n f K a m nd t h c nc p t i n f t h M nd l i n
o a e e o r es o r a, a e o e o o e e e a

th y f h d i ty i n t f ff O n n ly h t
eo r o e re al i
s t h at a l l ap p
o ar o . e o as o re ze er

ce pt i n a o u bj c t i
s ly c nd i t i n d
re s e ve o o e .

D m t a m bl d t h l i m b s f t h d i m mb e e d D i ny us and
“1
e e er sse e e o e s e r o s
f m t h m p d uc d t h g d an e w
ro e ro e e o .

C o m p ar e D io d o ru s : III , 62 .

Y et be
to is t h e a dd d
a t t h at t h e eno e p h a nu s as t h e f c cy c l ic A bi
r e st o r e r c
o rp se o f O s r s ( a so g e n u s o f t h e d o g st a r ) h ad a c o m
of th e ii l i
p e n s a t o ry s g n a n e i i fic c
I n t h s s g n a n e h e a pp e a r s u p o n m a n
. sar i i i fic c y
c o p h ag i T h e d o g is a so a re g u a r o m p an o n o f t h e h e a ng
. l s e p us l c i li A cl i .

T he o f ll
o w ng u o t at o n i ro m q
e t ro n u s e st s u pp o rt si th e C re u z e rf P i b
y i c V ld c d d
71 )
—
h po t h e s s a e t e ro g o , u t s e u n u m p e e s st at u a e m c a e
.

c at e l l a m p n g a s ut m h i i i c i
o n t n g at t u o b e n e fi c io p o st m o rt e m v v e re ( i I
b c
e se e h y o u i ly
n st ant f b id
to a st e n es e the e e t o f m y st a t u e a d o g , so f
t h at b c y
e au s e o f I
o u r b e n e fi c e nc e m ay at t a n t o e a ter e at h ) See i l if f d .

N k Ibid b
or : a o ut d o g ) .

d d H c
.
,

M l i
o re o v e r, t h e r e at o n o f t h e d o g t o t h e d o g h e a e e at e , t h e g o e ss
-
dd
d
o f t h e u n e rw o rld i ,
b i
h nt s at it s e n g t h e s m o o f re rt h Sh e re e v e y b l bi . c i d
ic l
a s C an u a a s a r c i fic i l k
a dog to e e p aw a t h e p e st H er o se r e at o n y cl . l i
to A i dd
rt e m s a s g o e ss o f t h e m o o n p e rm t s h e r o pp o s t o n t o e rt ty i ii f ili
li d H c l fi b i D
,

t o b e g m p se e at e is a so t h e . rst t o r ng t o e m e t e r t h e ne w s

l c ild
o f h e r st o e n h ( t h e rOl e o f so t h e g o e ss o f rt h Al dd bi
I l i yi
th a c i d c i fic
re e v e sa r d e s of o g s, an d e at e h e rse is, o n o a s o ns, Hc lf cc i
go dd i bi
e s s o f m a rr ag e an d rt h .
pp . 23 3 -
3 0 6 ] S Y M BOL I S M OF TH E M O TH ER 5 3 1

F b ni u
ro e s ( Ibid .
, 393 )
p . o b se rv e s t h at f qure e nt ly th e go d s of fi re
( )
su n - h e ro e s H el ckg
a v e s t h e o a o w ng m em e r
p a r a e : b u st . i f ll i ll l “
J
as t h e g o d w re e s o u t a n a rm fnc h i
ro m t h e o g r e ( g a n t ) , so d d
o e s O y s se u s

p l ck
u o u t t h e e y e o f t h e no ebl P l
o y p h e m u s, w h e r e u p o n t h e su n c
re e p s u p

y i ly i
m st e r o u s nt o t h e sky Mi
g h t t h e fi re m a nkig ,
t w si i
t n g a n d w. c i
re n h n g -

o u t o f t h e a rm b e c c d
o n ne t e ?
”
T i q i
h s u e st o n is by i cl ly i l l i d
th s e ar um n e

if c di i
w e a ssu m e , o r re sp o n ng t o t h e t r a n o f t h o u g h t o f t h e a n e n t s, t h at ci
c i
t h e w re n h n g o u t o f t h e a rm is r e a l ly ca i
a st r at o n ( T h e sy m b l
o o f .

t h e ro bb y
er o f th e f c
or e of lif
e ) c
I t is an ac t o rre sp o n n g t o t h e di A i
tt s .

c i bc
ast r at o n e au s e o f t h e m o t h e r F i
ro m t h s re n u n ci i
at o n , w h ic
h is re a l ly .

y b l ic
a s m o i c i
m o t h e r n e st , a r se s t h e di c
s ov er yo f fi r e , a s p re v o u si ly we
l dy
h a v e a re a s u sp e t ec d M i
o re o v e r, m e nt o n m u st b e m a e o f t h e d . f
ac t

c
t h at t o w re n h o u t a n arm , m e ans fi
rst o f a l l m e re ly
“
o v e rp o w e r ngi ”
,

a n d o n t h at a cc
o u n t c a n h a p p e n t o t h e h e ro a s w e lla s t o h is o p p o n e nt .

l F b i
( C o m p are , fo r e x am p e s, ro e n us : I bi d , pp
1 1 2, . .

C mpa o p c i l ly t h
re d c i pt i n f t h u p f T h b e
es e a e es r o o e c o e s .

P f ro F ud h a p
e sso r d in a p n al d i c u i n t h e i d a t h t
re s ex r e sse e rso s ss o e a

a fu th r d t m i n at f t h m t i
er e er f th d i im i l b th
e or i t b e o v e o e ss ar ro e rs s o e

f und in t h l m n t a y b
o e nc
e e t w d b i t h nd t h af t b i t h
e r o s e rv a e o ar s r a e e r- r .

I t i an s t ic cu t m t
ex o t at t h p l c nt s o ch i l d ! o re e a e a as a

B ug c h : R l i g i n und M yt h l g i d al t n A gyp t e p 3 54
r s
“
e o o o e er e e r, . .

58
Ibi d p 3 .
,
. 10 .

In th c nc pt i n f At m n t h
e o e i c t ai n fl u i d q u l i t y in
o o a e re s a er a so

fa r as h l ly n b i d nt i fi d w i t h P u u h f t h R i g d
e re a ca e Pu u ha
e e r s a o e ve a . r s

c l l t h p l ac a t h fl w i ng b ut it t n fi ng h i g h ”
o v e rs a f th e es o e e r ,
o a o e e rs .

B ug c h : I b i d p 2
r s .
,
. 1 1 .

I n Th b wh th
e c h i f g d i C h num t h l at t
e s, e re p e n t t h e o s ,
e er re re se s e

b at h f t h w i nd in hi c m i c c m p n nt f m w h i c h l t
re o e sn thos o o e ,
ro a er o
“
e

pi it f G d fl t i ng d l p d ; th p i mit i i d a ”
s r o o th w t oa h ov e r e a e rs as ev e o e e r ve e

o f th c m i c p a nt w h l i p i d t g t h u nt i l t h
e os re s, n p a at o e re s e o e er e so se r es
th m e ( C mp th y m b l i m f A t m an ab e )
o a re e s o s o ov .

B ug c h : I b i d p 2 8
r s .
,
. 1 .

S i an ng f m G i mm
e rv so Myt h l gy II p 544 ro r
’
s
“
o o , ,
. .

F b ni u : I b i d
ro e s .

C m p a t h b i t h f t h G m ni c A h n
o re e r wh ck t
o nd e er a sc a e s, ere ro ,
re e a

w at er p a re nt t th c n f b i t h C h id h t w a f und i t t i ng
r e se a e s e e o r . er oo s o s

o n th a th e eth g rund a ,
u nd c e d w ith fl w ro ro o v e re o e rs .

M t i ng u l ly os s n in t h i q u t at i n V 8 8 t h d c i pt i n i
ar ev e s o o ,
. 2 ,
e es r o s

f u nd f S l p i t t i n g h i g h u p in a p i n t
o o ee s T h h t u und d e re e .
“
e re e sa s rro e

by b anc h c r d w i t h t h ny l
es o v e re l i k t h i ng i ng b i d w h by or e av e s, e e s r ,
o

n i g h t fl ut t m u nt i n i f t h m t i b l ng ”
th ug h t h e rs ro I t pp a e o a s . a e rs a s e o ve e o s

t o hia g m e ro s C mp a l t h m g i c n t w i t h w h i ch H ph t
os . o a re a so e a e e ae s o s

e nf l d o A s an d A p h d i t in fl ag nt i nd k p t t h m f t h p t
re s ro e
“
ra
”
a e e or e s or

o f th g d e o s .

°7
Th i t e f nch i ni ng t h e t at u f H c u l and t h Ty i an M e l
e r o e a s es o er es e r

k t h i l at d t t h i a l
ar s re Th
e C ab i i t o w w ap t in c
s e i ng
so . e r oo e re r ov r s .

C u re : S ym b l i k II 3 5
ze r o , ,
0 .

F i ck : I nd g m ani c h W t b u h I p 32 o er s es or er c , ,
. 1 .
53 2 SYM B OL I S M O F THE M O TH ER [pp . 23 3 -
30 0

C o m p are d i ng u n the r e so u n s .

m ti t i k i ng k b l ng l t t h m t i “ ”
Th f the o v e o e s rf ro c s e o s a so o e o ve o
d u i ng ( F b n i u I b i d p
ev o r ro Th e h in h i s: h ip mu t p .
,
. e e ro s s s a ss
b tw n tw
e ee ck w h i h t i k t g t h
o ro ( Simi l
s t th b i t i ng d
c s r e o e er . ar o e o o r,

t o th t t u nk w h i c h
e re e n p t g th
r ) I n th p g g n l ly t h
s a s o e er . e a ss a e, e e ra e

t il b i d i p i nc h d ff ( t h Sh i p ”
a f th o e r p p
s f th e th o or e oo o e , e

c t t i n m t i i nc m
as r a o o cl l yve l d h s fo th c t ti n
e o re ear re v e a e e re , or e as ra o

t k a th
es p l f m t
e h i n c t
ac e T h c t ti n i
o oub t i t u t i n f
er es . e as r a o s a s s o or

c i t u S c h ff l m p l y t h i i d i h i w l l k w n p m A h i ng
o s . e e e o s s ea n s e -
no oe :
“
e rr
l d an y t w i th t h b i t i ng ff t h
”
ov e t Th o p m
s e r, nd e c y t . e oe e s e o s er o e

h e rri ng h d f ’
ki
s Th
ea d w h i c h b i ng Z u
or a am b ss ia h. e ov es r e s ro s av e
l t p
a so
'

th o ug h th a ss k w h i ch t i k t g th
ro Th d e ro c s s r e o e er . e ov es
”

b i n g t h f d f i m m t l i t y t Z u by m n f i nc t ( nt nc i nt
r e oo o or a o e s ea s o es e ra e o

th em th ) y imi l a t F y
o er v er pp l (b s t ) F b ni u l r o re a s
’
a es re a s s . ro e s a so

m nt i n t h
e ock c
s w h ic h
e ro p n nly s t m gic w
or d and
av e s O e o a a a or a re

v er y cl ly c n n t d w i t h t h o se ck w h i c h t i k t g t h
o ec e M t e ro s s r e o e er . os

i l l um i n at i ng in t h i p ct i S ut h A f i c n m y t h ( F b ni u p
s re s e s a o r a ro e s, .

mu t c l l th ck by n am nd y l u d ly R ck U t u nj mb il i
“
O ne s a e ro e a cr o : o a ,

o p ne t h ,
t I m soy n t a B u t t h k n w
a w h ne it w ill n t
er .
”
p n e ro c a s e rs e o o e

t o th c al l e Th ck w i l l n t p n t c h i l d n it w i l l p n t t h
.
“
e ro o o e o re , o e o e

w l l w w h i c h fly in t h m k b l t h i ng i t h at n h um n
—
s a o s i ! Th e a r e re ar a e s, o a

p o w aern p n t h c ck no ly ef m u l h t h t e p w ro b i,
d o a or a as a o er or a r .

T h i w d i ng m ly y t h t t h p n i ng f t h ck i an u nd t k i ng
s or e re sa s a e o e o e ro s er a

w h i c h c nn t l ly b cc m p l i h d b ut w h i c h n w i h t ae c m
a o re a e a o s e ,
o e s es o o

p l ish
M i ddl H i g h G
.

(In e e rm a n, to w i sh is re a l ly “
to h av e th e pow e r t o
c r e at e m e t h n g e x t r a o r n ary )
so i m an e s, then on th e di ”
W hen a di ly
i
w sh t h a t h e m g h t v e r e m a n s, a n u n u e i
w sh , a li
u t t e r n g w sh ,
‘
i f l fil l d i fl i i
w h e r e o r e so u s a re f r s T h e so u is w h o l on o , a s is bi d us . l l ly ly l i b i d ill
t r at e d in m an p a rt s o f t h s w o r ; it is
“
y
t o w sh hus the h e p u i k i . T l f l
bi dr , w h o ass st s t h e h e ro in t h e w h a e t o i om e ag a n nt o t h e g ht , l c i i li
w h o o p e n s t h e ro s, is t h e w s h fo r re rt h ( Fo r t h e ck r as i bi . bi d
i
a w sh , s e e t h e e au t u i i by T
p a n t ng b y
h o m a , w h e re t h e o ut h if l
o ng ng l i ly
c
st re t h e s o u t h is a rm s t o t h e bi d d
r s w h o p a ss o v e r h is h e a
) .

G i mm M yt h l gy I p 4 7 4 : o o
”

—
r , ,
. .

I A th n t h nw f m i ly f y p u
e A i s é h w n f m p pl
e re as a a o a ro oc e ro o ars .

H m N d i c h M yt h l g i p 5 8 9
er ann :
“
or s e o o e, . .

J t ib c mm nly t p t h i i m g
av an e se r f G d i es n tifi ci l o o se u e r a es o o n a ar a
c i ty f t
av Th i fi t i w i t h t h l i t t l h l ph t y f Z i
o a re e . s s n e
“
e o e
”
an a s o nz e n
d f d h i ct S P fi t
or an F m m ig k it d
s se G f . Zi d f ee s er : ro e es ra e n v o n nz e n or
”

P i m yt h t h w h i t H m i d i i t
.

I g wi g i th
fi h Kh —
n a e rs an ,
e e ao a s a v ne re e , ro n n e
l k V
a e k h th o u ru m ah i c i cl
as p t c t i g ly
a, d it d e s ar r es ro e n a ro u n an
d f nd it g i t t h t d A h i m
e e s a It gi a nst l l if ch i l d t e oa r an . v es e e rn a e, re n o

w m o h b d t gi l
e n, d h us t man I th M i Okh i d t h t
s o r s an o rs e s o en . n e n re e re e

i c ll d c p ( Spi g l E a Alt t m k d ” ”
s th
a p p f
e t h “
e re are r o e or se e e :
“
r n . er u s un e,
II ,

S h i p f th w h i ch cc m p ni t h
o e nd t h l
su n , th a o a es e s un a e so u ov er e
f d
se a o th t th ii g ea o e r s n .

B g ch I b i d p 7 7 ru s : .
,
. 1

S i m i l ly I i h l i arl k t th ck w h nc y
sa a h wn : 1 : oo un o e ro e e e a re e ,

nd t
a th h l f t h p it w h c y
o e d ig g d F th p f i f d
o e o e en e e a re e .
”
ur er ro o s o un
534 SYM BOL I S M OF TH E M O TH ER [pp . 23 3 -
306

h is st e p m o t h e r w as e n am o u re d , w as p l ac d af t e er d e at h i
w th th e w i se
n ym p h E g i a ,
er .

E am p l e in x B e rt sc h ing e r : J ah r b u c h III P
, Vo l .
, art I .

C o m p ar eyt h g i n then u a d
ex o t S n ic m s ve by F b i ro e s Z it lt e er es o

n ng t t
e wh o th b l ly f t h w h l i cl ly t h l nd f d at h
es e re e e o e a e s e ar e a o e .

On
“7
f th fi d p cul i i t i
e o f th M e i th t h c n
xe n ly g t e ar es o e ar s a e a o e

out f th h l
o th ug h w h i c h h
e c am in T h i m t i b l ng e i
o e, ro e e . s o ve e o s v

d nt l y a t h p j e c t d w i h m t i
e s in t h
e b i t h m yt h
ro e s o ve e re r .

A cc d i ng t G m ann :
or A l t i nt T t u nd o V l I p 4 r e ss or e . ex . o .
,
. .

A by o f w i d m b k o f w i d m u c f p h ant i s S e b l ow
ss s o ,
oo s o ,
so r e o as e . e e .

C l a ag f th m ot h e
e v se e K a me ns ;
e al o i ft c h asm di ision e r, r so r ,
z v

o f th e e a rt h an d so o n .

1 01 u
S c h o p fu fl g und C h ao s .
”
G t t i ng en
o ,
1 8 9 5, p .
30 .

ch : I b i d p 6
B ru g s .
,
. 1 1 .

In P y am i d t t w h i ch d p i ct t h b at t l f t h d e ad P h a aoh
a r ex e s e e o e r
d : H a n w p t h t a t m bl
,

f orth d m i n anc f h a n it
e o e o e ve ,
re a s e ve ee s, e s rs re e,

th geu d f t har g d s t m b
o l n d t h i e n t fl ow h n t h y
s re e a e r se r v a s e e, e e se e

th k i ng i
e pi it
r se a g d wh
as li a up n h i s f at h r a nd ,
as o ,
o v es o s e rs
c n q u h i m t h e s C i t e d b y Di t e i c h : M it h asl it u gy p 00
o e rs s o r .
”
e r r r ,
. 1 .

B k II p 6 oo ,
. 1 .

B y A e t h E gy pt i an Typh n i p b ably m e ant

r s, e o s ro .

I n t h P ly n i n M a u i m y t h t h
e o t f th
es a un h i y p l ai n ,
e ac o e s -
e ro s v er

h e b hi m th
ro s f h s g i dl Th
o bb y f t h
er o i l in my t h f er r e . e ro er o e ve s o

th t yp
e f th w n m id n h
e o th
e am s i g ni fic nc I n n A f i c an
a a e as e s e s a e . a r

m yt h f J ub a t h o un h
or si m p ly a i he
,
h i m th e ( F b ni u )
s -
e ro r v s s s o er ro e s .

”
Th
7
p i u ly m nt i n e d myt h f H al i h t i w h d t y e d
e re v o s e o o rr o o s, o e s ro

h i m lf w h n h w i h d t
se e ut d w n t h e h ly t f At h n
s th
e M i o c o e o re e o e s, e o r a,

c nt i n t h am p ych l gy l t h p i e t ly c a t at i n ( A t t i c a t a
o a s e s e s o o ,
a so e r s s r o s s r

t i n)
o in t h e i c f th g t m th se rv Th a c tic
e lf t t u in
o e re a o er . e s e se -
or re

C h i t i an i t y h a it
r s i g i n a i lf i d nt in t h s s or u c b c au e t he ,
s s se -
ev e , e se so r es e s
C h i t i an f m f ym b l m e an a
r s or y i nt nsi
o g e ssi o n t o t h e
s o s v er e ve re r

m tho i nc e t
er s .

T h e t e a i ng ff f o m t h t e r f l i f is j ust t h i s sin
o r e r e o e .

C mp a K uh n : H ab ku nft d s F e ue
o re er e rs.

N k W te b u h or : Mi t l or r c s . v . s e .

Th f e in E ng l and m i t l t b ug h w e h ung up at C h i st mas

e re o r s e oe o s re r .

Mi tl t s e oe d f l ife as C mp ro A i g m nt : V lk t i k und
o . o a re re o o se ro
”
P fl an z e nw e l t .

Ju st h as t h e p h a
as the n at u re a s w e
t re e a s a m at e rn a sig l l ic ll l
n ifi c anc e , so in m t h s t h e em on o l d w o m an y
( S h e m ay b e av o r a e d ic f bl
or ma o us ) l ic i
o t e n h as p h a at t r f
u t e s, fo r e x a m p e , a o ng to e, a llic ib l l
lo ng t o o t h , o ng p s, o n g l
n g e r s, p e n u o u s lir e a st s , l
a rg e h a n s, e et , fi d l b l d f
a n d so o n T i
h s m x t u re o f m a e a n d e m a e m o t v e h as re e re n e t o
. i l f l i f c
the f c
a t t h a t t h e o l d w o m a n is a o s m o e t h e t re e , g e n e r a l ibid y b l l ik l ly
d e t e rm ne i d
as m at e rn a T he se x u a t of the o is e x p re sse l .in bi li y l i bi d d
pp . 23 3 -
3 0 6] SYM BOL I S M OF TH E M O TH ER 53 5

it s cl e a re st f o rm ic
w t h e s, w h o in o c l l c i ly
e t ve th e
pos id ea f th e
o t h re e
se s s e d
b u t o n e e y e and o ne T i id
h s e a is re t d i c ly ll l
p ar a e t o t h e t ooth .

d i
re a m o f a p a t e nt , w h o re p re se nt e dher l ibi d i
o as t w n s, o ne o f w h h ic
is a b o x , t h e o t h e r a o t t e b l l i k bj c
e o e t , fo r e y e a n d t o o t h re p re se nt m a e l -

and f l
em a e gen t a s i l l i i c ci
R e at v e t o e y e in t h s o n ne t o n, se e e sp e a . c i l ly
y i f i
t h e E g p t an m y t h s : re e rr ng t o t o o t h , it is t o b e o s e rv e b t h atd on s Ad i
( f c d i y d i d by
e u n t ) e a o a b
r s tooth,
’
el i k S i f i d by H
e g r e
’
ag e n s sp e ar

c i i
o m p a re w t h t h s t h e V
e ro n e se Pi
r ap u s, w h o se p h a ll
u s w as tt e n bi a by
k T
sn a e i
o o t h in t h s s e n se ,
. l ik k
e t h e sn a e , is a ne g at v e
”
i
p h a us ll .

3 C mp
‘ 3
G i m m V l II C h p i p 8
o a re r Th m m ti : in o .
,
a . v ,
. 02 . e sa e o ve

ano th pp l i c t
eri i f
a d i L w S a long d O nc s y n g o un h n a o -
ax o n e en : e a ou as

tre e g w t i c
re d i t h w d
u n noE c h N w Y e E w h
n i t k n i g h t e oo . a e e ar s
’
v e a e

u p on w hit h a id p t t d w
e th y g h t At t h
o rse r es m u o cu o n e o un s oo . e sa e

t im bl ck k i g h t
e a i a nd g g nh im i c m b t A f t
a rr v e s a l n g t h y en a es n o a . er a e

c fl i c t t h w h i t k i g h t cc d i
on , e c m i g t h bl ck k i g h t nd
e n su ee s n ov er o n e a n a

th e w hit k i g ht c t d w t h y g te n B t m t im
u s th w h it o n e o un re e . u so e e e e

k igh t w i l l b
n cc f l t h t h eh will g w
u n su d wh it b c m
e ss u ,
en e as ro ,
an en e o es

l g
ar gh t
e ll w h
e no u t b ti d o d it t h
a o p w f l ki g a o rs e o e e un er ,
en a o er u n

will c m d o t m d e b t t l w i l l cc ( d t c t i
an a re f th w l d )
en ous a e o ur e s ru on o e or .

C h nt p i d l S
1 “
a y e L h b c h d R l i g i n g ch i cht V l
e e a au ss a e : e r u er e o s es e,
”
o .

II p 8 5
,
. 1 .

F th mp l in F b n i u : I b i d p im
1 “ ’
ur er ex a es ro e s .
,
ass .

S ee J e nse n : G il g am e sh e p o s .

In a S c h l i an p a i n al f t h fi f t nth c nt u y C h i t d i e n t h e
es ss o e o e ee e r r s s o

s am e w h i c h w a c nn c t e d w i t h A d am in C i t d f m Z Oc kl ’
t re e
'

s o e s s . e ro er

I bi d .
, p . 24 1 .

" 8
Fo r e x am p e , l an im l kin a s s w e re h ung on the sa r c i fi c i al t ree s and
a f t e rw ar d s sp e ars w e re t h ro w n at t h e m .

“ 9
G e ch i c ht
i k ni ch n U l ig i n p 49 8
s e d er am e r a s e rr e o ne , . .

S t ph C nt l A m i c
e ( c i t d by M l l
e ns : Ibid p e ra er a e u er : .
,
.

Z kl D Koc Ch i t i p 34
er :
“
as re u z r s ,
”
. .

H H B c f t N t i R c f t h P c i fic S t t f N t h
. . an ro :
“
a ve a es o e a a es o or
Am ic er II 5 6 ( C i t d by R b t n E ng M yt h p
a,
”
,
0 . e o e r so : va . s,
”
.

R l li i M m nt i d l l E g i t t t
o sse n : T m 3 T 3 o nu e e
’
o, e c .
”
o . . av . 2 .

( C i t d by R b t n I b i d p 4
e o e r so : .
,
. 1 2 .

Z kl I b i d p 7 I n t h p nt t i
oc er : f th b i t h f k i ng
.
, . . e re re se a on o e r o a
i L n ux o r th f ll wi g Th l g
o ne d m
sees
g f th g d e o o n : e o os an e sse n er o e o s,
th b i d h d d Th t h m k k w n t t h m i d Q
e r -
ea e M tm o ,
a es no
‘

o e a en u een au es
th t ah i t gi
s b i th t
e sn I th o f ll wi g c ve K ph d r o a so . n e o o n s e ne , ne an

At h h l d th C or n t
o t h m th th t
e h m y b rux imp g a sa a o er ou so a s e a e re

n t d by t h i in pi i t l ( ym b l i c ) m Sh p E g yp t i n “
a e s a s r ua s o ann e r . ar : a
M yt h l gy p 8 ( C i t d by R b t
o o , E g l i c l Myt h p
. 1 . e o e r so n : v an e a s,
”
.

ph l l i c H m d b d y t
1 25
Th t t f th e s a ue s o w e a er es u se as o un ar s o ne s e re
o ft th
en f m f c in w i th th h e d p i t d ( W P y K i g ht
or o a ro ss e ea o n e a ne n :

W f P i p
.

h ip O l d E g l i h th c c ll d
“
o rs
p I o r a i u s, . n n s e ro ss s a e

ro

R o b e rt so n ( I b i d .
, p . 1 40 ) m e nt i o ns t he f cta t h at t h e M ic ex an pr i e st s

a nd sacri fi c e rs c o t h e l d t h e mse v e s l in t h e Sk n i of a l i
s a n w o m an, and
53 6 B ATT LE FO R D EL I V ER A N C E [pp .
3 7 3 40
0 -

p l ac d e t h e m se v e s l w th i arm s st r e t c h e d o ut lik e a c ro ss b e f ore th e god

of w ar .

1 27 “
I diA nt i q u i t i
n an VI 4 9 e s, ,
.

T h p im it i e E g yp t i n c
r f m i m ant : T ve a r o ss or s e .

Z kl oc I b i d p 9 T h b u d i p l ai n ly p h al l i c S t h e ab
er : .
,
. 1 . e s . ee ov e

me nt i n d d
o e m f t h y u ng w m n re a o e o o a .

I m i n d b t d f m y i nf m at i n ab ut t h e e e e a c h e t o P
a e e or or o o s r s r s ro

fe sso r F i ch t f S t ut t g t
e er o ar .

Z kl oc: I bi d p 33
er .
,
. .

Th ac i fi c e i s ub m g d in t h e w at
r t h at i
e in t h e m t h e
s s er e e r, s, o r .

C mp o l at t h m n a g at h i ng p l ac f u l ( t h e d e u
are er e oo s er e o so s vo r
ing m o t h e r ) .

C o m p ar e h e r e w h at Ab r ah am h as t o s ay in f
re e re n e c to p up il l a
D r e am s an d

1 3"
R e t re a t of R e u p o n t h e h e av e n cow ly . In a Hi d n oo r it e of p urifi c a
i
t o n, penthe i t e n t m u st r e e p t h ro u g h an c a rt i fic i l a c ow in or d er to be
b o rn a n e w .

S c h u l t : P yc h l g i e d N at u l k
ze L e i p i g 90 0 p 3 3 8
s o o er rv o er. z 1 ,
. .

B ug c h : I b i d p 2 9
r s .
,
. 0 .

On n d n t b e m d t t h i f m u l a b c au it i t h ani m al
ee o e a az e a s or e se s e

in u th s,p i m i t i f
e c f w hichr pp in ve l ig i n I n th i nor es o a e ar re o . s co
t i n Di t i ch w d 8) t k
’
n ec o e er p s n an or s 1 0 a e o es e
p .

i l l y i m p t nt a p c t Th l d t h u g h t c m f m b l w in n w
“
c a or a s e . e o o s o e ro e o e
f c in t h h i t y f l i g i n T h
or e e l u t i n f m b l w c at a
s or o re o . e re v o o ro e o re es

n w l if l i g i n in p i m i t i i nd t u c t i bl f m ”
e f e o re o r ve es r e or s .

D i p ut b t w n M a y a n d t h C
s e in R M
e ee i : L g nd f t h e r e ro ss . o rr s e e s o
H ly R d L nd n 8 7
o oo .
”
o o 1 1 .

A1 40
y b aut i f u l p nt at i n f t h bl d d un i nk i ng i nt
v er e re r e se o o e oo -
re s s o

th e se a .

J e su s a pp e ars h e re as b r an ch an d b u d in l i f C mp a
t h e t re e o f e . o re

h e re t h e i n t e re st n g i re f e re nc e in R o b e rt so n E ng l i c l M yt h p 5
:
“
v a e a s,
”
. 1 ,

d J N a titl w h i ch h d i f m
”
the
“
in re g a r to e su s, a z ar e n e , e e er v es ro

N az ar or N e t zer z b r a nc h .

In G re e c e, l
t h e p a e o f t o rt u re , o n w h i ch th e c imin l
r a w as st re t ch d e
i d d m (H c ub t
'

w a s t e rm e 8m
or p u n sh e ,
e at e , ) the s n e rr a e an m ot h e r of

d e at h

Di ez : E ty m . W o rt e rb uc h de r ro m an s i ch en S p ac h r e n,
”
p .
90 .

C H A P TE R VI
W i t ch
1
i ly ch ng es e as a t h em se v e s
h o r s e s , t h e r e o re t h e n a
e l i nt o f il
ma k r f th hs h o e o rs e s o e m ay b e s e e n u p o n t h e r h a n s T he ev i d . d il
i d n w i tch h
r es o p i
-
o rse s , r e st s
’
o o s a re h ang e a te r c k
e at h n t o h o r se s, c d f d i
e tc . N e g e l e in, Z e it s c h r ift d e s Ve r e in e s fu r Vo l /es leu n d e , , p 40 6 XI . .
538 B ATT LE FO R D EL I V ER A N C E [p p .
3 0 7 3 40
-

T h e h e art of th e m ot h e r of G o d is p i c d by
er e a sw o r d .

C o rre sp o nd i n g to the id ea in P lm sa x i : 2, F o r 10 , t h e w e i ck d b n d e
the r i b ow , the ma y k e re a dy t he r i a r ro w upo n t h e st r ng , t h at t h e i y m ay
pr i i ly
v sh o o t at t h e upr i g ht in h e a rt .
”

K E N m .Th S p ch f G
. eu ann : e ee es o a u t am a B u dd h a, t r ans at e l d
f m h G m
ro c ll c i
t f h
e f gm er an o e t on o t e ra e nt s of S ut t an ip at o of th e
P al i K M ch
-
9 a no n . un en 1 1 1 .

With th e s am e id ea o f an en d o g e no u s i Th c i t
pa n eo r us ( 27 ,
28 )
c al l s th e bi rt h t h ro e s
“
A rro w s of th e I l i t hy i I tha .
”
n e s e n se of a

w i sh th e s am e c o m p ar so n i is f o un d in J e su s S i ch ra
“
Wh en

a w or d p e ne t r at e s a f l oo it is t h e s am e a s a n a rro if w pi c d er e h is l ino s .
”

Th at is t o s ay , it g i v es h im n o r e st u nt it is o u t il .

O ne i
m gh t b e t e m pt e d to s ay t h at t h e se w e re m e re ly fi g u rat v e i ly
d c itu c n
e x p r e ss e B ut t h at w u l d b
o s l itt l t
s e tes n g an d a n
. o e a e oo s ro

u nj u t i fi ab l acc nt u t i n f th m t i l t i W c nn t f g t
‘

s e e u a o o e a er a a ss e . e a o or e

t h at t h ai nt he sfi g u at i ly t ug h t t h p ai nf u l d m t ifi c at i n f
s av e , r ve ,
a e o es o o

th eb ut rTh e ul t
. f thi w h i ch i t h
e re s
p g f c i i l i at i n h a
o s, s e ro r e ss o v z o ,
s

al so t b e e c g ni d a a m t i
o r o f thi ac t i n
ze s o ve or s o .

Apul e i u sB k II 3 ) m ad u f th ym b l i sm oo ,
1 e se o e s o

o f b w an d a o w in a y d t i c m an n
rro U b i p i m am ag it t am v er ra s e r,
“
r s

s a evi C u p id ini in im p a c di s m a d l p am pi a u m m um r e or a e e a s ex c e , a rc e

e n! Ip i g at t n d i t t pp i d f m id n n u ig i nim i t t
se v or e e o o or o, e e rv s r or s e a e
r u m p at u ( W h n I p u l l d ut t h fi t
r . ew f fi c C u p i d t h t h ad e o e rs a rro o er e a

e nt d i nt my i nm t b a t b h l d m y b w ! I t
e re o y ig
os t tch re s ,
e o o s v er v or s re es

it a nd m ak s m e f a l t t h t i ng b b k n b y the i )
’

e e r t aut n
es e s r e ro e e x c e ss v e e ss .

T h u t h e p l g u b i ng i ng A p l l I n O l d H i g h G m an a ow is
s a e- r o o . er ,
rr

c al l d t al a ( t a h l n
e s r ay ) s r e z r s .

S p i l in p at i
e re n t ( J a h b’
u csh III p 3 7 ) h a a l t h e i d a f t h
e r , ,
. 1 s so e o e
cl a ag f t h
e v e t h in
o i m i l a c nn ct i n
e e ar I n i u d f th e a s r o e o .
“
ro s se or

p u rp o se of p e n e t r at i ng i nt o the e a rt h . w th i i ro n m an c an
c re at e men t h e e a rt h is sp l it bu ,
r st m an is
o p e n, di id d v e is
s e v e re d it d I n d t m k
an d re u n e . or er o a e an e nd o f t h e b u i al r of th e
l i i ng J u C h i t c l l h i d i c i p l t
v ,
es s r s i a th s s s es o p e n e t r at e nt o t h e e ar .
”

T he m ti f cl a ag i f g n l i g ni fic anc P i an
“
o ve o Th
e v e s o e era s e . e e rs

he T i h t iy a w h
ro s l r pp d , w h it h o
p n a so th ai n a e a re as a e o r se , o e s e r
l k e an d t h u m k t h a t h f u i t f u l H i c l l d T i
a s a es w e e r r . e s a e r z a rro
f m i n i n w i t h a b w a nd a w M i t h a
.
,

H e wa l ps nt d
a so re re se e as e e, o rro . r

w i th h i w h t t h w at
s a rro f m th s ck o t nd t h e d ug h t er ro e ro so as o e e ro
f un d t uck in t h a t h I n M i t h i c m num nt s
, .

T h k ni f i
e m t im e s so e es o s e e r . ra o e
so m tim e it i t h es ac i fic i l i n t u m n t w h i c h k i l l
s e th
s b u l l ( C um o nt :
r a s r e s e .

I b i d pp 5 6
.
,
. 1 1 ,
1 1 ,

S p i l in p at i nt a l h a b n h t t h ug h by
’
e re t ats t h at h e so s es s e s ee s o ro
G d o (3 h t :)
. t h n c am
s o s
a u ct i n f t h p i i t Th i i t h e
“
e e re s rr e o o e s r .
”
s s
s ym b l i m f i nt
o s i n o ro v e rs o .

T h i is a l s p nt e d m y t h l g i c a l ly in t h
so re l g n d f T h us
r e se o o e e e o e se
a nd P i it h wh
e r wi h d t o o s, c apt u t h ub t n an P
o i
p na s e o re e s e rr a e ro se r .

W i t h t h i im t h y nt a c h a m in t h a t h in t h g
s a e e K l n er s e e r e ro v e o o o s,
in d t g t d w n t t h u nd w l d ; w h n t h y w
or er o e o b l w th yo e er or e e e re e o e
wi h d t s e t b ut b i ng
o nc h ant d t h y h ung
re s , n th ck t h t i t
e e e e o e ro s, a s o
sa y th y
, m ai n e d fi d in t h m t h
e re and w th f xe l t f t he e o er e re e re o r e os or
pp .
3 0 7 3 40 ]
-
B ATT LE FOR D EL I V ERA N C E 539

u p p e rw o r l d L at e r Th s w f e e us as re e d by H c ler u es ( re v e n g e of H o ru s

d
.

fo r O s i ri s ) ,
at w h ich t i m H cul e er es ap p e a rs in t he ré le of t he e at h
c nq u i ng
o er h e ro .

”
Th i f 3
s o rm u a l ap p li es m o st d i c t ly
re to d e m e nt a i p ra e c ox .

S e e R o sc h e r : s . v . P h il o kt e t e s, S p . 231 8, 1 5 .

Wh en t he R u ssi an su n - h e ro O l eg st e p p e d on th e S k ul l of the l i
s a n

h o rs e , c m ut f it nd hit h im n t h f
a se rp e nt a e o o a o e oot . Th en he bc e am e

s i ck and d i d W h n I nd a in t h f m f Cy n a e . e r e or o e ,
the f lc a o n, t l
s o e the
so m d i n k K icanu t h h d m an w u nd d h im
a r ,
r , e er s ,
o e in hi f s oo t i
w t h h is
a rro w I ,
1 55 ; IV ,

S i m i l t t h L d f t h G i l w h g u a d t h c h al i c th m t h
ar o e or o e ra o r s e e, e o er

s ym b l T h myt h f P h i l ct t
o e i t ak n f m a m o i n l d c nn c o e es s e ro o re vo ve o e

H c u l myt h H c u l h t w m t h
.

ti no th e er es th b n l nt . er es as o o e r s, e e ev o e

A lc m n nd t h p u ui ng H (L mi ) f m wh
,

e e a e rs b at h h e ra a a ro o se re s e as

b e d i mm t l i t y H c u l c n q u d H
,

ab p nt w h i l
’
so r or a .
y t er es o e re e ra s se r e e e

in t h c d l ; t h at i t
e ra y c nq u
e d t h t i bl m t h s o th L am i
sa o e re e e rr e o e r,
”
e a

H
.
,

B ut f m t i m t ro t im nt t
e h im ot t ck f m dn e in n f
e ra se o a a s o a e ss, o e o

w h ich h k i l l d h i c h i ld n ( L am i a m t i ) A cc d i ng t n i nt
e e s re o ve . or o a er

e t i ng
s t ad i t i n t hir d d cc u d t t h m m nt w h n H c u l
o ,
s ee o rre a e o e e er es

re f u d t p f m g t t in t h
se o er or ic f E u y th u Aa re a ul t ac e se rv e o r s e s . s a re s

o f th f u l t h l i b i d in
e re sa din ,
f th e w k g d in a
o, re a e ss or e or ,
re re sse

t yp i c a l m nn t th u nc n c i u
a er m th i m ag w h i c h
o e ul t d in o s o s o e r- o, re s e

m ad n ( a t d y ) d u i ng w h i c h H c u l
e ss s o- ai d nt i fi h i m l f w i t h
,
r er es e es se

L m i a ( H a ) a nd m u d
a er hi w n ch i l d n Th d l ph i c r cl e rs s o re . e e o ra e

c mm u ni c at t h im t h f ac t t h t h i n m d H c u l b c au h w
o es o e a e s a e er es e se e o es

h i i m m t l f am t
s or a H a w h t h u g h h p c ut i n c m p l l d h im
e o er ,
o ro er e r se o o e e

to g t d d
re a I t n b ee n tsh at
. th g at d d
ca l ly m n et h se e
“
e re ee
”
re a ea s e

c nq u i ng f t h m t h
o er nd t h
o u gh h t
e w in i m m t al i t y
o er Hi a ro er o or . s

c h ac t i t i c w p n t h cl u b h c ut f m t h m at n a l l i t
ar er s ea o e e s ro e er o ve re e .

L i k t h un h p
, ,

e e s d th a w f Ap l l
,
e H
o ss e sse c nque d th e rro s o o o . e o re e

N m an l i n in h i c w h ich h th i g n i fic at i n f t h g a in “
e e o s av e , as e s o o e r ve

w mb ( nd f t h i c h pt ) Th n f l l w th
’
th m th
e o er s th o se e e e o s a er . e o o s e

c m b t w i th t h H yd t h ty p i c al b t t l w i t h t h d ag n ; t h c m p l t
o a e ra , e a e e r o e o e e

c nq u i ng f t h m t h
o er (So b l w ) F l l w i n g t h i t h c ap t u
e o er . ee e o . o o s, e re

o f t h e C yn n d wh m h
er ea w u n d d w i t h an a oe, w in t h f t o e o e rro e oo .

Th i is w h at g n l ly h p p n t t h h
s e b ut h
e ra it i d a e s o e e ro , e re s r e v e r se .

H c ul e h w d t h c apt u d E ym ant h i n b a t E u y t h u w h
er s s o e e re r a o r o r s e s, e re

up n t h e
o l at t in f a c pt i nt a c k T h at i h d i d T h
er e r re o as . s, e e . e

S ty m ph al i d t h C t an b u l l and t h m n d u i ng h
e s, e re f Di m d , e a -
ev o r o rse o o e es

a re y m b l f t h d a t t i ng p w
s o s o f d t h am ng w h i c h t h l at t
e ev s a o e rs o ea ,
o e er s
’

re l at i n t t h m t h m y b
o o ec g ni d p c i a l ly T h b t t l f
o er a e re o ze es e . e a e or

th p ci u
e regi d l f th
o sA m a n q u n H i p p lyt p m i t u t
r e o e zo ee o e er s s o se e

o nc m e y cl a ly t h h d w f t h m t h
o re v er e H i p p lyt i ady
r e s a o o e o er o e s re

H a c h ang i ng h lf i nt t h f m f
.

t o g i u p t
ve h g i dl b ut e r e, er e rse o e or o

l l t h A m a n g i n t H c u l in b t t l
,

H i p p lyt o e, ca s e ( C mpa zo s a a s er es a e . o re

H u fi g h t i ng f t h h d n am nt f I i
or s, or b ut w h i c h t h e i ea or e o s s, a o e re s

m o re l t C h apa er . Th l ib t i n f H i n . ul t f m H e e ra o o es o e re s s ro er

c u l j u n y i ng d w nw d w i t h h i h i p i nt t h b l ly f t h m n t
es o r e o ar s s s o e e o e o s e r,

a nd k i l l i ng t h m n t f m w i th i n ft t h e od y l bs er (J n h ro a er re e a s a o r. o a

m ti o ; C h i t in t h t m b
ve r s in h l l ; t h i ct y e d t h by c p i ng
o or e e v or ov er ea re e

i nt t h e w m b f t h m t h
o o n d it d t uc t i n in t h f m f t h
o e o e r, a s es r o e or o e

m th o Th er l i b i d n t h f m f t h b ut i f u l m i d n g i n n
. e o i e or o e ea a e a a co

q ue d ) T h re .
p d t n t E y t h ia i a p a a l l l t
e ex e G i l g am h al t o
i io o r s r e o es ,
so
5 40 B ATT LE FOR D EL I V ER A N C E [pp .
3 0 7 3 40
-

M o se s in th e K o r an , w h o se goa l w as th e c nfl u nc
o e e of th e tw o se a s :

it is the j o u rn e y of t h e su n t o d isc o v
th e W e st e rn se a , w h e re H c l er u es

e re dt h e st r a t s o f i
ra t a r Gib l
t o t h at p a ss ag e
”
: a u st ) , an d w t h t h e F i
i
sh p o f e H li
o s s e t o u t t o w a r s E ry t h ia d
h e re h e o v e r am e t h e g g ant . T c i ic
g u a r adi
n u r t o n E yi
( C h u m b ab a in t h e g am e sh e p ,
the s m o of Gi l ic y b l
t he f
at h e r ) , t h e n t h e t r u n e er on i
( a m o n st e r o f p h a G y o sy m l l ic l ib id
li
h o sm ) , a n d at t h e s am e t m e w o u n e e ra, i
h a st e n ng t o t h e h e p d d H i l
of G yer on by
a n a rro w sh o t h e n t h e ro er of th e h er . o Tow e bb y d f ll d .

“
T h e t re a su re at t a n e w t h d ifli c u l t y
”
i d i
is h e re p re se nt e in su rro u n ng s d di
ic
w h h m a e it t ru k u nm st a a e ly
e r u e s, e i k bl
the s u n, goe s t o . H c l l ik
d e at h , d ow n nt o t h e m o t h e r i( e s t e r n se a ) ,
b u t o n u e r s the W o c q l ibid
at t a h ec d t o t h e m o t h e r a n d r e t u rn s w t h t h e w o n e r u ne ; h e h a s i d f l ki
w on b ck
a h is l if
o , h is i y l ibi d
e, t h e m g h t p o ss e ss o n We s ov e r t h e i di c
.

s am e t h o u g h t in t h e ro bb y er ld
of th e go l e n app e s o f e sp e r e s, w h h H id ic
a re d f d d by
e en e d d
t h e h u n re d d d hea e ra g o n T he v tor ov er C er
-
. ic y
b l
e ru s is a so i ly d
e as d
u n e rst o o ic y
as t h e v t or ov er e at h e nt r an e d by c
i d
n t o t h e m o t h e r ( u n e rw o r ld ) d c
I n o r e r t o o m e t o h is w e . e an r a , if D i i
d
h e h a s t o u n e rg o a t e rr i bl b l i e a t t e w t h a w at e r g o d , h e ous ( w th Ac l i
th e m oth e r) f y
The . N
e rr m a n c
e ssu s ( a e nt aur ) v o at e s e a n ra i l D i i .

Wi t h h is su n a rro w s H c l ki l l d i d
er u es e t h s a v e rs a r , b u t e ssus a v se y N d i d
D i i i d bl d
e an r a t o p re se rv e h is p o so n e l oo as a ov e h a rm hen a ter c . W f
the i d
ns a ne m u r e r o f I i D l i d i d
ph t us e ph en e h im t h e s p e e h o f t h e c
o ra cl e, h e to ok i c d i d
p o sse ss o n o f t h e s a re t r po T he e ph o ra e th en . d l ic cl
c o m pe ll de h im t ob c e om el a s av e lo f O m ph a e , w h o m a e h im e d l ik
a c i l d Af
h i H c l
te r th s
. d
e r u e s re t u rn e D h om e t o e a n r a , w h o p re se n t e i i d
i
h im w t h t h e g a rm e nt p o so n e i d i N w th bl e ssu s
’
oo ( t h e s s sn a e ) , d Ii k
ic i
w h h m m e at e d i ly cl cl ly
u n g so o se ki t o h is s n t h at h e in v a n at t e m p t e i d
t o t e ar it o ff c i ki
( T h e ast n g o f t h e s n o f t h e ag ng su n g o d ; e rp e nt ,
. i -
S
y b l
as s m o j i
o f r e u v e n at o n )H c l c
e r u e s t h e n as e n e . the u n e ra p re d d f l y
d
in o r e r t o d y i lf by
e st ro h m se l ik fi re e t h e p h ce n ix , t h at is t o s ay , t o

g i bi
v e r t h i lf
t o h m se i f a g a n ro m h i s ow n egg N o o n e b ut o u ng y
P il c P il c
.

h o t et e s d d are c i fic
t o sa r T f
e th e go d h e re o re h o t et e s re e v e . c i d
t h e a rro w s o f t h e sun a nd t h e l ibi d y o m t h w as r e n e w e w th th s d i i
II o ru s .

Ap e s, i ci f
l
a so , k
h av e an i nst n t v e e ar o f-sn a es .

H w m ch o li til l
u ch p i mit i a ci ti
ve i h wn by
a re s su r ve a s so a o ns s s o

ti i i c f m h C d c lf m h d c hi l d
’
S g e an p t n t h s t w t w
u re o t e o o e rs : o an a ,
o er an

i th
n m e t bl sa F m t h i ym b l i m t h
e s a e . d i g f t h b i th
ro s s o s e su rro u n n s o e r

pl c a ef th S o i pl i
e d av o r are ex a ne .

T h my t h f H i pp l y t
e h w y b t i f l ly l l t h t yp i c l p t
o o os s o s v er e au u a e a ar s

o f th p bl m
e Hi rot pm t h e P h d w t ly f l l i l
: s s e w ith o er ae ra an o n a s n ov e

h im H p l eh h c m pl i
re t
u se s h h b d f i l t i ; th
e r, s e o a ns o er us an o v o a on e

g d P i d n t p i h H i p p ly t
.

l tt imp l
a er th w t o re s e Th
a er o o se o o un s o os . en a
c m H i p p lyt h d d g H i p p lyt
,

f th hy
’
m t
o ns e r t o es ou o e se a . o os o r se s s an ra o os

t od th B t h i
ea . c i t t d by A c l p i
u e d i p l c d by t h
s re su s a e es u a us an s a e e

g d o w ith th
s wi ny m p h Eg i th c e ll se f N m P mp i l i , e r a, e o u n se or o u a o us .

T h t h w i h i f lfil l d ; f m i c t w i d m h c m
us e s s u e ro n es ,
s o as o e .

C o m p a re H e rc u l e s a nd O m p h a l e .

C o m p ar e t h e re p ro ac h o f G i l g am e sh i I
’

a g a n st sh t a r .

S p ie l re in
’
s p at i e nt is a so l s i ck f ro m a sn a k bit
e e .
”
J a hr b u c h , III ,

P .
38 5 .

‘ 3
T he e n t re i ly i nt ro v e rt e d p a t e nt i of S p ie l re in u se s s imi l ar im ag e s :
542 TH E D U A L MO TH ER ROLE [pp .
341
-
427

C H A P TE R VII
A d i ct u nc n t ai n d p i n f u l i t y i a n at u al o cc u enc e
re o s r e ex re s s o o se x a s r rr

uc h n i t h u n b au t i f u l n pu l i l i n ”
m
“
and a s s e Th er p e or re s v e . e o ra re re ss o

m ak u al i t y
e s se x n n i d d i ty nd h y p c i t i c al n t h e t h e h am e l ss
o o e s e r a o r , o o r s e

a nd b t u si o r ve .

C m p a w h at i o i d b l w c nc ni ng t h m t i e f f tt i ng
re
I
s sa e o o er e o v o e er .

ac i l g i u au l t f H u I i at w h i ch P l ut a ch
3
Th e s r up n
e o s a ss o or s o s s, r

D I i e t O i i s s t an d eag h t ; h p s r sh i m lf a f l l w s s as e ex r e s se s se s o o s

c nc n i ng it
o er B ut i f any n w i h . t a um
“
a n d m i nt ai n t h at a l l o e s es o ss e a

t hi has a l ly h ap p n d a nd t k n p l c
s re w i th p ct t bl d nd
e e a e a e re s e o e sse a

i m p i h abl e n at u w h i c h f t h m t p t i c n i d d
er s re , c or e os ar s o s e re as o rre

s p nd ing t
o th d i i n ; t h n t p k in t h w d f A chyl u he
o e v e e ,
o s ea e or s o es s,
‘

m u t p i t ut nd cl a n h i m u t h F m t h i nt nc ne an f m ’
s s o a e s o . ro s se e e o c or

a c nc p t i n o f h w t h w l l i nt nt i n d p p l
e o o f nc i nt
o c i t y m ay e e -
e o e eo e o a e so e
ha ve c nd m n d t h C h i t i n p i nt f i w fi t t h h ang e d G d t h e n
o e e e r s a o o v e rs e o

f m i ly t h e f und at i n o f t h e st at e T h e
, ,
”
th em n ag m nt f th
a e e o e a ,
o o .

p yc h l g i t i no t u p i d
s o o s s s r r se .

C m p a t h e t y p i c a l f at f Th e e u s and P e i it h s
o re e o s r oo .

C m pa am p l e gi n f t h at in A i g m nt : F uss un d “
o the re ex ve or re o

S c h uh y m b l ik s A l P t I f t h i b k ; t h f t f t h un in an
o .
”
so ar o s oo e oo o e s
A m ni an f l k p ay
r e A l d G u b n at is : D ie T i e e in d e r I nd
o r er . so e er
“
r o
G m ani c h n M yt h l g i e V l I p 2 2 ff
er s e o o ,
”
o .
,
. 0 .

R h d e : P yc h
o s e .

P ph y ri u s ( D ant o nymp h a um
7
or Q u t d b y D i et e i c h : M i t h
“
e r r . o e r
“

p 6 3 ) ay t h t . a cc d i ng t t h M i t h asi c d c t i n
s t h u l a or o e r o r e e so s

w h i ch p a w ay t bi th ss d t i n d f w i n d b c au t h
a a ul r a re es e or s, e se e se so s

h a d t ak n t h b t h f t h w i nd i nt c u t dy and t h f e h ad
e e re a o e o s o e re o r a

s i m i l a n at u e imr ic d ig yé w i b ; m i b y é wc xwp l ué g
r r :
’
r / a
’
r v ea o oaz a
. c rr ev o e i o va c

i
e xor wc Er afa v c wé/t ov c di d Tb é pé il ne o fi a t it a l aur a ; t rut h/t a Kai ovo ia v i xc w
TO t a f
JTfl D
‘ ‘

l d ep a t i ng at b i t h nd b c m i ng s p a at d p b
(The so u s r r a e o e r e ,
ro

ably b e c m e w i n d b e c au
o f i nh a l i ng t h e i b at h and b e c om i ng t h e
s se o r re

s am e ub t anc ) s s e .

I n t h e M i t h ai c l it u gy t h e g e ne at i ng b at h f t h e p i i t c m e f om
8
r r r re o s r o s r
th un
e p b bly
s f m t h t ub f t h un (
,
ro a Pa t I ) C e “
ro e e o e s
”
se e r . o rr
s p nding t
o thi i d e a in t h R i g d a t h un i c al l e d t h e O n f t d
o s , e ve e s s e- oo e .

C mp o w i t h t h at t h
a re A m ni an p ay f t h un t al l w it f t e r e r e r, or e s o o s oo
to t up n t h
re s f ac f t h u p p l i ant ( Ab g h ian : D
o e m ni c h e o e s e
“
er ar e s e
V lk g l aub
o s 8 99 p e,
”
1 ,
.

F i m i c u M at nu ( M at h
9
r sI 5 C u i ( a ni m o ) d c n u p e
er s es .
, , , es e s s r
or h m l i t ib u it u p
e so h ms r l u n a p p a at u a c n u ( F r, er or e v e ro e r ae r r s e s s
”
or
w h i ch ul a d c nt t h u g h t h d i c f t h un i d i d b u t t h
so es e ro e s o e s s ev se , e
c nt i p p a d t h ug h t h d i c f t h m n ) L y d u ( D
as e s re re ro e s o e oo . s
“
e
IV 3 ) t l l u t h t t h h i ph nt P t t at u h
, e s s i d t h at J anu
a e e ro a r ae e x s as sa s
d p t ch t h d i i n
es a es ul t th l un a fi l d :
e G v é p c lmxdc £ 2
e r so s o e r e s at or a i 71

xé pov drrorré/u rc c ( H a e re s LX V I
’

j v o c h nv ck b v
rr E p ip h a n iu s b ra i n ri m
mng)
.
,

p
i vxé v 6 J immy ( 75 77 c al i du c a l/i n fl am e Q uo t e d by C um o nt :
“
T exte s et
M o nu m e nt s,
”
I I , ,p 40 In . . e x ot i c my t h s it is t h e s am e i
w th t h e mo on .

F b ni uro e s: I bi d .
, p 3 52 f
. f .

1 ° “
T he L i gh t of A ia s ,
or T he G re at R e nunc i at i o n ( M ah ab h inish
kram an a ) .
pp .
34 1 -
42 7 ] T H E DU A L M O TH ER ROL E 5 43

O ne se e s up o n c o rre s p o n d i ng re p r e se nt at o ns i h ow th e l
e e ph ant

p re sse s i nt M o ay a s
’
hea d i
w t h it s t ru n k .

R a nk : “
T he My t h of the Bi rt h of the He ro ,
”
t rans at e l d by W ,

Wh i t e .

T he dy dy i ng f t h m t h
sp e e th p a ot i n f m e t h m t
o h e er or e se ar o ro e o r

b l ng t t h m y t h f t h h
e o s o e I n t h my t h f t ho w an m a i d n w h i c h
e e ro . e o e s e

R ank h a n ly d s a y b ut i f u l ly t h
a ze i t h w i h fu l fi l l in g t h u g h t
v er ea ,
e re s e s -
o ,

t h at t h w n m id n
e s an fly
a w y g
a i n e f t t h c b i t h f t h c ha i ld a a a a er e r o e ,

b c au h e h a t h n f u l fil l d h p u p
e se s s e M an n e d t h e m o t h e o n ly
er r o se . e s er

for e b i th
r r .

I nd i an w d f t h u t l o f t h w i n d in t h e t ree s
or or e r s e e .

M e ans s und f t h e w a o o v es .

An i nt j c t i n f t h ro e bj c t i nt t h ubj c t in t h ns f F e e nc i
o o e o e o e s e e se e o r z ,

g g nw u f ( O b j kt um ) o f t h e m y t i c s E ck a t
” ”
th w id w u f
“ “
e e e r or er r e s r

and B oh m e .

K a l J l ( S e l und W l t J na 9 2 ) ay ( p
r oe
“
e e Lif d s
e ,
”
e 1 1 s s .
“
e oe

n t d i m i n i h in a t i t
o s nd p ph t b ut i
r s sn h nc d a Th y ro the e s, s e a e . e a re

l d
ea e rsi nt t h l t P a d i w h i c h n w f t h fi t t i m b c m
o e os ar se , o or e rs e e o es

P a ad i t h u g h d i c y I t i n m t h l d d u l l u n i t y f l i f e
r se ro re s ov er . s o o re e o o

t wa d
o r w h i ch t h
s a ti t t i an d l a de it i t h
r s nt i nt
s r v es u ni n e s, s e se e re o ,

n t th
o m p t y b u t t h f u l l u n i ty n t t h
e e u ni t y e f i n d i ff nc b ut t h ,
o e o e re e e

u ni t y f d i ff nc A l l l i f i t h e ai i ng f t h q u i l i b i um and
”
o e re e e s r s o e e r

p u l l i ng b ack w a d
.

th e i nt e q u i l i b i um S uc h a ret u n d w fi nd in
r s o r . r o e

re l i g i n an d a t
o r .
”

B y t h p i m al i c d d fi m d i f f
33
e p n r m u t b u n ex t t h a
er e t r t h u
e a n e
s r e e rs o o s

e nt iat io n b t w n ub j c t nd bj c t t h t fi t c n c i u p l ac i ng f
e ee s e a o e ,
a rs o s o s o

o bj c t w h i c h i n t p ych l g i c al ly c nc i b l e w i t h ut t h p up
e ,
s o s o o o e va o e re s

p o i
s t i n o f a n i n n o d i i i n f t h a n i m a
er l m a n f
v s o m h i m se lf o b y e
“ ”
ro ,

w h i c h p e c i e ly i h e e p a at d f m n at u
r s s w h i c h i at ne w i t h i t l f
s r e ro re s- o se .

C é u :
r v ec o eV y g d an l a H aut P n y l anie I 3 62
r o a e s e e s v , ,
.

Th d g n f t h G k ( nd S w i ) l g nd l i in
e ra o s o e re e n ar a ss e e s ve or e

s p i ngr ths or o w at f w h i ch t h y a
er f t n t h g u a d i an
e rs o e re o e e r s
.

C mp a e th d i c u i n b
o r e b ut t h nc i cl i ng and d u i ng
s ss o a ov e a o e e r ev o r

m ti o ve W at a. h i nd nc er in d am s a m t f t t h m th
ra e re s se e s o re e r o e o e r,

l n g i n g f t h m t h i n t d f p i t i w k T h c i n g f w at
— c m i n g f t h i t nc ; t h t i t y t h m t h
o

ov e r o
or e

o
o

e
er
re s s a
s ea

ymb l f
e
o

a
os

s
v e

o sa
or .

e o
e

e r,
ro ss

as a s
o

o
er

th e l ng i ng f i n ac t i i ty l i k d t h
o or l p v e ea or s ee .

C m pa a l t h A t t i c c u t m f t uffi ng a b u l l in p i ng t h c u s
o re so e s o o s s r , e

t mo s f t h L u p c al i a S t u n al i
o e t er I h d t d t th i m t i e
,
a r a, e c . av e ev o e o s o v

a s p a at e i n t i g at i n t h f I f g f u t h p f
r e v es o ,
e re o r e o re o r er ro o .

I n t h G i l g am h p i c it i d i c t ly a i d t h at it i i m m t l i t y w h i c h
e es e ,
s re s s or a

th e h e ro
g t b t ai n
o es o o .

S pp : D as H e i d ent um und d e n B e d ut ung fur d as C h ri t e nt um

e e ss e s ,

Vo l III ,
82 .

C o m p are the s y mb l i o sm o f t h e a rro w a b ov e .

Th i s t h o ug h t is g e ne ra l ly o rg an z e i d in the d ct i
o r ne of p re
-
e x st e n e . i c
 44 T H E D UA L M O T H E R ROLE [pp .
34 1 -
427

Th u s in any c a se m an is h is ow n g e ne r at o r, i mm o rt a l an d a h e ro ,
w h e re by the i
h g h e st i
w sh e s a re f u lfil l d e .

F r az e r : G ld n B o e o ug h ,
”
IV , 297 .

28 “
Th ou se e k t th es e h e av i e st bu d r e n, t h e re fi nd e st t h ou th y s lf e

( N i e t z sc h e : Z
“
ar at h u st r a

yi
I t is an u nv a r n g p e u a r t , so t o sp e a , t h at in t h e w h a e ra g o n c li i y k l d -

y
m t h , t h e h e ro is v e r h u ng r in t h e e y
o f t h e m o n st e r a n d e g ns t o y b l ly b i
c ut o f ic
f p e e s ro m t h e a n m a , so a s t o f ee h m se H e is in t h e i l f d i lf .

i i
n o u r sh n g m o t h e r
“
in t h e p re se x u a st ag e ”
H is n e x t ac t , in o r e r t o l . d
f i lf
re e h m se ,
is t o m a e a fi re I n a m th of th e s k m os of t h e e h r ng . y E ki B i
S i
t r a t s, t h e h e ro n s a w o m an in t h e w h a e s
’
fi d
e ,
t h e so u of t h e l b l ly l
i l ic
an m a , w h h is e m n ne ( , p f i i
( C o m p a re ro e n u s : , Ibid . F b i Ibid
i
p a ss m ) .

T he arr y i ng f t h e t
c p l y d a n i m p t an t p a t a
o i re e i d e nt a e or r ,
s s ev

fro m a no t e in S t ab X in t h c u l t f Di ny u n d C r o , (D m t ) e o o s s a e re s e e er .

A t t n t h P y am i d w h i c h t t f t h
ex o e r i l f t h d ad s, re a s o e a rr v a o e e

P h a a h in H a e n d p i c t h w P h a
r o e v h t k , p e i n f th g d s o rao a es o ss e s s o o e o s

in d t
or er i m i l at t h i d i i n n at u
o a ss nd t e b c m th l d f
e r v e re , a o e o e e or o

th eg d :o H i
s
“
a nt h as i m p i
se rv n d t h g d w i t h
s a c h a i nv e t h y r so e e o s , e

ha t ak e n t h m an d d ag g e d t h m aw y t h y h a
ve e b und t h m t h y
r e a , e ve o e ,
e

ha c ut
ve th i th at e r nd t k n ut t h i
ro e nt a i l s, th y ha
a di a e o e r r s, e ve s

m mb e d t h m and c k d t h m in h t
e re e l An d t h k i ng c n u m d
oo e e o v e sse s . e o s e

th i f c a n d at t h i ul t g d f m h i b kf t t h e
l i t t l g d h i u p p —t h k i ng c n um s
e r or e Th g e e r so s . e re a o s or s re a as ,

m d i um g d h i d i nn
e o s th s e r, e e o s s s er e o s e

ev eryt h i n g t h at c m in h i w y G d i ly h d u o es y t h i ng a nd
s a . re e e ev o rs ev er

h i m ag i c p w
s b c m g at t h n al l m g i c p w
o er e o es H b c m
re er a a o er . e e o es

th eh i f th p w
e r o h b c m
e g
o t th ne r, ll h i e h b c me t he
e o es re a e r a a e rs, e e o s

l d f hea n h
or o t
ve al l c wn
,
nd e ll b c l t
ea s h t th wi d m
ro s a a ra e e s, e ea s e s o

o f y g d t
ev er (
o W i,
d m n
e c n D .
”
l t O i nt II 2 9 e e p a :
“
er a e r e ,
”
, ,
1 00 , .

T h i i m p i bl f d t h i B u l i m i
s o ss e oo t i k i n g ly d p i c t
,
th s
“
u al l i b i d e, s r e s e sex o

in gre i n t
re ss o t h p u l m t
o i al we h th m th e
re s e x ( th g d
a s ) i a er , e re e o r e o s

no t t h bj c t f
e o e b u t f h u ng
o se x o er .

Th ac e m nt a l
s c i fic f Di ny u Z ag u and t h at i ng f t h e
ra e sa r e o o s s- re s e e o

s ac i fic i a l m
r t p d uc d t h
ea c v ro c th u ect i n f t h e g d e
“
v eo vd o
"
e re s rre o o o ,

a sp l a i n ly a p p f m t h C e a rst a n f ag m n t ro f t h E u i pi d e q
e u ot e d re r e s o e r
’
’

b y Di t e i c h ( I b i d p
e r .
,
.

dyvov dé Biou £ 5 of) T e lv wv ,

A1 6; I da lov é m
'
ev v
y /
m i vwcrm oil ov Z aypé wg fioin a g
’

Tob y é p oodyov g da Zr a g r e ké o ag ‘
.

( L i ibl am l
v ng l i f w h by I b c m an i ni t i t f t h e
a e e ss e e re e a e a e o

I d an Z u I c l b t d t h c n i
ae e u s, b an qu t f Z ag u e e ra e e ar v o ro s e o re s,

th w nd i n g h d m n f t h n i g h t )
e a er er s a o e .

Th m t ey i c t k st h g d s i nt t h
oom l by a t i n g t h u nc k
e d m a t o o e se v e s e e oo e e

of th ac i fic i a l a ni m a l
e s r .

R i ch t : 4 4 er 1 ,
I .

O p h i c H ym n 4 6 C m p a R h
r L i c n ct n I k h
,
. o re o sc er:
“
ex o , se . o a c os .

A cl pa a l l l
o se t t h i i t h J p nr m y t h f Ie n g i w h f l o s s e a a e se o za a ,
o, o

l w i n g h i d a d p u i nt t h u n d w l d i m p l d h t
o s e s o t urn se o e er or ,
o re er o re .
5 46 T H E D UA L MO T H E R R O LE [pp .3 4 1 -
42 7

B ut N g an ao a w a s p re p are fo r t h s p o ss t H e g ra sp e d
h is o ng i ibi li y . d l
spe ar an d u q i ckly l
p u ng e it nt o t h e e o f t h e an m a d so t h at t h e i b l ly i l
c re at u re , n st e a i d
o f s n ap p n g t o g e t h e r, at o n e s a n a to thei ott om c k b ck b
o f t h e se a Af
ter th e . y
h ad e s a p e ro m t h s a ng e r t h e o nt n u e on c d f i d y c i d
t h e r w ayi f
B u t a t e r a w h e t h e v o e o f t h e a w a s w at h u N g a n a o a
. il ic l y c f l
i
w as ag a n t o b e h e a r d ‘
0 R at a , o n e m o re a t e rr . e e ne m r u sh e s c i bl y
up w a r s ro m d f the d
e p t h s o f t h e o e an
’
h s t m e it w as a m g h t c . T i i i y
c
o t o p u s, w h o se g g an t i ic
t e nt a e s a r e a s u rro u n e the cl
o at , in o r e r l dy d d b d
to d
e st ro it y i c
At t h s r t a m o m e n t , N g an ao a s e z e
. i ic l
h is sp e a r, a n d i d
l
p ung e d i
it nt o t h e h e a d
o f t h e o topus T h e t e n t a e s s an aw a mp c . cl k y li
an d t h e ea d d
m o nst e r ro se t o t h e su r a e o f t h e w at e r O n e m o re t h e f c . c y
c o nt nu e i d
o n t he r i j
o u rn e , b ut a y e t g re at e r a n g e r aw a t e y th em d i d .

O n e d ay t h e v a a nt N g an ao a li a e o ut ,
‘
0 R at a, h e re is a g re at c ll d
wha e !
’
l j
T h e h u g e aw s w e re w e o p e n, t h e o w e r j aw w a s a re a id l l dy
d
un e r t h e b
o at , a n d t h e u p p e r o n e o v e r it O n e m o m e nt m o re a n d t h e .

w h a e w ou l ld
h av e d
e v o u re t hem N o w N g an ao a t h e
‘
d
ra o n s a e r
g
’
. d l y
b k
ro e h is sp e a r i
nt o t w o p a rt s, a n d at t h e m o m e nt w h e n t h e w h a e w as l
b
a o ut t o d
e v o u r t h e m , h e st u t h e t w o p e e s nt o t h e aw s o f t h e fo e ck ic i j
so t h at h e ou no t c ld
o s e h is aw s N g an ao a cl
u sp r a n g nt o t h e j . q i ckly i
j aw s o f t h e g r e at w h a e ( e v o u r ng o f t h e h e ro ) an d o o e l d
nt o it s i l k d i
b l ly
e , a n d w h at h e se e ? h e r e s at did oth h is p are nt s, h is at h e r, T b f
T airit o ke r au , an d h is m o t h e r, Vaia ro a, w h o h a d e e n g u pe ow n nt o b l d d i
th e d
e p t h s o f t h s m o n st e r i
T h e o r a e h a s c o m e t ru e T h e v o ag e h as
. cl '

. y
c o m e t o it s e n d G
r e at w a s t h e j o y o f t h e p a r e n t s o f N an ao a w h e n t h e
.
g y
s aw t h e r so n i he w e re o nv n e
. T y
t h at t h e r re e o m w a s at h an c i c d i f d d .

And N g an ao a re so v e u p o n r e v e n g e l d k ic
l—
H e too o ne o f t h e t w o p e e s .

f ro m t h e j
aw s o f t h e a n m a o n e w as e n o u g h t o m a e it i m p o ss e fo r k i i bl
th e w h a e t o l
o se h is aw s a n d so cl e e p a p as s a g e j re e fo r N g an ao a k f
and h is p are nt s He b k
ro e t h s p art o f t h e sp e a r in t w o , in o r e r t o
. i d
u se t h e m a s w o o t o p ro d uc e fi re ru d ng H e o mm a n e h is at h e r
‘

by bb i . c d d f
to ho o ne ld rm e ow , w h fi e h e h m se ly b l m a n ag e t h e u pp e r o ne , unt il i lf d il
t h e fi re b
e g a n t o g m m e r ( p ro u t o n o f fi r e ) li N ow w h en h e ew t h s d ci . bl i
i nt o fl
am e s, h e h a st e n e t o h e at t h e at t d
p art ( h e art ) o f t h e e w th f y b l ly i
t h e fi re T h e m o nst e r, w r t h ng w t h p a n, so u g h t h e p sw m m ng t o
. i i i i l i i
t h e ne are st l d j an y
( o u rn e in t h e se a ) c d d
A s so o n as h e re a h e t h e san .

b k l d f
an lk d l d
( an ) at h e r, m o t h e r an d so n w a e o nt o t h e an t h ro ug h t h e
o p en j aw s o f t h edy i l li i
ng w h a e ( s pp ng o ut o f t h e

I n t h N w Z a l an d M u i my t h ( q u t d by F b n i u : I b i d p 66 if )
e e e a o e ro e s
c n q u d i t h g nd m t h H i n nu i t p M a u i
. . .
,

th m n t
e t ob s er o e o e re s e ra o er e- -
e- o .
,

th he ay t
e ro , th bi d w h
s i t h im : M y l i t t l f i nd n w
s o e r s o a ss s
“
e r e s, o
wh n I c e p i nt th j w f t h l d w m n y u m u t n t l au g h b u t
re e o e a s o e o o a ,
o s o ,

wh n I ha e b n in an d c m ut g i n f m h m ut h t h n y u
ve ee o e o a a ro er o e o
T h n M u i ac t u al ly c e e p i nt
, ,

m ay g t m w i t h j u b i l nt l u g h t
re e e a a er . e a r s o
th m ut h f t h
e o l p i n g l d w m an
o e s ee o o .

P ubl i h d and p p a d by J u l i u
s e N g l in in R l ig G re re s v . e e e , e . e
sch i ch t Ve u V be .
”
n Di t i ch u n d W un c h V l XI
rs . . o rar . vo e er s o .

Gi n 9 2
, .

e ss e 1 1 .

Qu t d J o eN g l in : D ,
T aum c h l u
. l d v .
J ag a d d e a p
e e e er r s sse es v ,
.

T he p i n e - t re e sp e a k s the s i g i ficn a nt wor d ,

M i nn w e- aw a !

In a f iya r t a e, l th e bi d c r om e s to the t re e w h ic h g ro w s up o n t he
g rav e of th e m o t h e r in or d t er o g i ve he p l .
pp .
34 1
-
42 7 ] TH E D U A L MO TH ER ROLE 47

R o sc h e r : s . P i c us ,
’7
Sp . 24 94, 62 . P b bly
ro a a s ym b l o of t e

bi rt h .

T he f at h e f P i c u
S t e rc u l u s o r S t e rc u l iu s, a n am e w h h
r o s is c al l d e ic
is e ar cl er v e ro ly d i d f m
st e rc u s z e x c re m e n t u m ; h e is a so s a to b e l id
t he d i
e v so r o f m an u r e T h e pr m t v e r e at o r w h o a so re at e the
. i ii c l c d
mothe r did
so in t h e m ann e r o f n a nt e re at o n , w h h w e h a v e p re v i f il c i ic i
o u sly l d T h e su p re m e g o d a a n e g g , h is m o t h e r, ro m w h h l id f ic
d c d— i
e a rn e .

h e w a s ag a n p ro u e i
t h s is an a n a o g o u s t ra n o f t h o u g h t l i .

I nt ro v e rsio n z to e nt e r the mo th e r ; t o s n i k i nt o o ne s
’
ow n in ne r
ld
w o r , o r so u r e o f t h e o, cre e p ng in, p a ss ng l i bi d is sy m o z e b l i d by c i i
t h ro u g h , o r ng ( r at h n g b i
b i d m aking fi re )
. Sc
o r ng c i eh n t h e e ar z . B i
i c c i i il ll i T
nt o t h e e ar, s r at h n g w t h t h e n a s, sw a o w n g se rp e nt s h us t h e .

B dd i l
u d d d bl W
h st e g e n is u n e rst an a e G
h en l
au t am a h ad sp e nt t h e w h o e .

i i d fl ci d c d i b c
d ay s t t ng in e e p re e t o n u n e r t h e s a re t re e , at e v e n n g h e e am e
B dd
u h a, t h eill i d
um n e o ne .

C mp a p n ds ( ph a l l u ) ab e and it tym l g i c al c nne c t i n

o re ( a s ov s e o o o o .

S p ie l in p at i nt c i d f m G d th w u nd th ug h h e
’
re s e re e ve ro o re e o s ro r

h e a d b a t an d y,
reT h n t h c m a u ect i n f th e S p i i t
s e e .
“
e e re a e re s rr o o r
”

( J a hr b u c h III p .

K
, ,

I n th e e an m t h o f Ti b t
o g a G e sse r y
h a n t h e su n h e ro sh o o t s h is B d -

arro w nt o t h e i
o re h e a of th e emo n a a f
o l d w o m a n, w h o e v o u rs itd d i c l d
a nd sp t s it u p a g a n i i
I n a C a l m u c m t h , t h e h e ro sh o o t s t h e a rro w
. y
int o t h e e y e e m t t n g r a s, w h i i
h is o u n o n t h e o re h e a of th e u y ic f d f d b ll .

i
C o m p a re w t h t h at t h e v t o r o f o p h e m u s, w h o se h a ra t e r is s ig ic y P ly c c
n ifi e d u p o n a n tt v a se A ic
e a u se w t h it t h e r e is a so a sn a e ( a s sy m o b c i l k b l
o f t h e m ot he r S e e t h e e x p an at o n o f t h e s ac rifi c iu m M it h riac um )
. l i .

I n th e f or m of t h e f at h e r, fo r M e g isso g w o n is the d e mo n of the

w e st , l ik e M udj e ke e w is .

C o mp are D e u ss e n : G c h i c ht d
es e er P h i l o so ph i e ,
”
Vo l . I , p . 1 4 .

An an a o g l y is Z e us a nd A t h n e e . In Ri gv e d a w or of1 0, 31 t he d
y b c m a p g n ant w I n P i an
,

p ra er e o es re A co e rs it is t h e
“
Eye o f
”
h u ra ;
B abyl ni an N a b u : t h w d f f at ; P i
.

o e d
or o e e rs an fo o / w m a n o : th e goo
t h ug h t
o f th c at G d in S t i c c nc p t i n H m i l g
o e re or o
:
o o e o s, er es s o os or

w or l d i nt l l c t ; in A l and a t h 2 955 in t h e O l d T t am nt it i t h
e e ex ri e 0 0
, es e s e

a ng l e f J h aho th c u nt n anc f G d J ac b w t l d w i t h
e ov ,
or e o e e o o . o re s e

th eang l d u i ng t h e n i g h t at t h r f d f J abb k af t h h d ce d e or o o ,
er e a ro sse

t h e w at w i t h a l l t h at h p
er d ( N i g h t j u n y n t h a b at t l e o ss e ss e o r e o e se ,
e

c m b at t t h f d l i k H i aw t h a ) I n t h i
.

w ith t h n i g ht n ak
e s e, o a e or e a . s

c o m b at J ac b d i l c t d h i t h i g h ( M t i
, o s o f t h t w i t i ng
a e ut f th s . o ve o e s o o e

a m r C a t at i n n cc unt f t h
. s r o p w iong f t h
a m t h ) o T h i o e ov e r o er o e o er . s
“
f ac e f G d w ”
o c m p a d in t h l d J w i h p h i l phy t t h
o as o re e o e s o so o e

my t i c M t at n th
s p ei nc f t h
ro f a c ,
f G d (eJ i h 5 r w h e o e e o o os a ,
o

b i ng t h p y t G d and in w h m i t h n am f G d T h
r s
“
e ra er o o
”
o s e e o o .
” ‘

N aa n ( p
O
sse h it ) csa l l d t h H ly G h ts t h fi t w d et h m t h e o os e
“
rs or ,
”
e o er

o f a l l t h at l i ; th V l n t i n i n c m p h n d d t h d c n d i ng d
v es e a e a s o re e e e es e ov e

f P n um a a d f th m th f m b S ph i ”
th th
“
o e w s e or o e o er ro a ov e, e o a .

( D w : C h i t M y t h I pp 6 2 2 I n A y i a Gib i l t h fi
“ ”
re s r s 1 ss r e re
.
, ,

f L g
, , , ,

g d h d th
o ,
61a e ( T i l r: A y e G o h ( I n E p h o m os . e e
“
ss r . e sc .
”
re ,

th e S y i an w i t r f h ym n J h n t h B pt i t ay t C h i t : A p a k
r er o s, o e a s s s o r s
“
s r

o f fi in t h re ai w ai t f th e th r J d n I f t h u f l l w t it
s or ee ov er e or a . o o o es

a nd w i l l t b e b ap t i d t h n t ak p
s i n f t h y e lf w a h t hy lf for
se ,
e e o sse ss o o s ,
s se ,
5 48 T H E D U A L M O T H ER RO LE [pp .
3 4 42 7
1 -

w h o h as t h e p o w e r t o t a e h o of u rn ng fi re w t h h is h an s ? h o u, k ld b i i d T
w h o a rt w h o fi re , h av e m e r upo n l ly
me
”
U se ne r :
“
R e g o ns cy . li i
ges h ht c ic l ic
h e U nt e r su h un g e n
”
C te re w s : , p 81 c . i d by D Ibid . . .

P e rh ap s t h e g re at s i g i fic nc n a e of t h e n am e a ro se f ro m th i s p h ant as y .

G i mm m nt i n t h l g n d t h at S i g f i d w a uckl d by a d e
r e o s e e e e r e s s e o .

( C mp a o H i aw t h a fi t d d )
re a
’
s rs ee .

C mpa o G imm re Myth l gy M i m

r M i m i i a g i g ant i c
’
s o o . e or r s

b i ng f g t w i d m a
e o re a y l d N t u G d w i t h w h m th
s o v er o a re o
”
o e
c i at L at f bl m ak e f h im a d m n and a k i l f u l
, ,

N g d a
o rse o s sso e . er a es o e o s

s m i t h ( cl t l at i n t W i l and ) J u t a W t n b t ai n d ad i c
o se s re o o e . s s o a o e v e
f m t h w i w m n ( c m p a t h q u t at i n f m J u l i u C
ro e se o a ab u t
o re e o o ro s ae s a r o

th G m an m t r n )
e er d O d i n g t t h b k f M i m i in w h i c h
a o ,
so oes o o e ro o o r

wi d m s o nd j u d g m nt l i h i dd n t t h p i i t u l m t h
a e ( m th e e ,
o e s r a o er o er
i m ag ) T h o . h q u t a d i n k ( d i nk f i m m t l i t y ) b ut n
e re e re es s r r o or a ,
o

so o n d er h c i it t h an h
oe s e rec i fic h i y t t h w l l ( d at h
e ve e sa r es s e e o e e e

o f th u n in t h
e s ) Th w ll ef M imi se ap i nt u n d u b t dly t
. th e e o r o s o e o e

m tho i g n i fic anc f M i m i T h u M i m i g t p
er s e o i n f Odin r . s r e s o ss e ss o o
’
s

o th eyer I n M im i
e . th m th (w i g i ant ) a n d t h
r, mb y e( dw a f o er se e e r o r

H p c at ) i c nd n d ; l i k w i
,

s ub t n e an
e rr a un s ,
ar m tho h i r es s o e se e se , as o e r, e s

u c f wi d m ( M th im g f “ ”
th e so r e ond t s o th m ay b
a ar . o er -
a o e re o r e e

t an l at d a
r s p h ant a y
e s und c t i n c i c um t anc e ) s
”
er er a r s s
.

T h e m ag i c l p i a l p e nt in t h e H o m e i c c e l e b at i n
s ee s f t he so re s r r o o

Hi g am
e ro s S ab
os .
) ee ov e .

T h i s is p o e d by S i g f i d w o d r v e r e
’
s r s

T h ug h f u i u fi e “
ro r o s r

T th h I fa d ; o ee av e re

N b i ny n b uckl e or r or r

Gua d d my b a t : r e re s

T h fl am ha b k en e es ve ro

Th ro u g h m y h e art , to
M y bl d d oo oth oun b d
In b l
t u r u e nt st re am s ;
A i r av n g fi re

Wi i t h n m e is n e ki d l d
T he ca ve d ra g o n is th e
“
t e rr i bl e m o th e r . I n the G e rm an l ege n ds
the ma id en to be re s u e c d ft o en ap p e a r s as a sn a k e or d r ag o n, and m ust
be dki s se in th s i f o rm , t h ro u g h wh ich th e d rag o n is c h ng d i nt
a e o a
b aut i f u l
e w o m an . A fi sh s
’
or a se r p e nt s
’
ta il is at t r i b u t d t c t ai n
e o er
i
w se w o m e n I n the g o e n m o u nt a n
. a ng s au g h t e r w a s b e
“
ld i ”
ki ’
d
ic d i
w t he nt o a sn a e k
I n t h e O se l b e rg n e ar D inke l sb iih l t h e re .
v es a li
k i
sn a e w t h
’
a w o m an s h e a an d a un h o f e s a ro un h e r ne d b c ky d ck .

( G i mm ) r .

“8
F au st ( II P a rt )
D ch o im E rst arr e n su h ic h n h t m e n e , c ic i H il
D as Sc h au e rn ist d e r d
e ns h h e t e st e s el M c i b T l
W ie a u h d ie c W l
e t ih m d a s G e fuh l v e rt e u re
,

E rg ri f
f e n, fii h l t e r t e d as U n g e h e u re if .

E t ym o l W o rt e rb uc h d e r
. d e ut s ch en S p ac h r e,
”
sub . H o rt .

7°
G i c h i c h E ty m l g i
r e s e o o e, su b .
Ne w- tJ

P au s an a s : i I ,
1 8, 7 .
 T H E D UA L M O T H E R RO LE [pp .
34 1
-

42 7

W i t h a t e cl by r e o se ,

Wh s l a o w ay t eand f o e v es s o r ,

An d c l l ittl b k a oo e ro o

W h i c h l i d i c t ly b en at h it es re e .

HeAu s d e m A skl e p ie io n
rz o g :
“
v on K os . Arc /xiv fur R e l ig ions
zvisse nsc /zaf
r t , Vo l ,
H 2 , p 2 1 9 if . X . . .

A M i t h a i c an c t u a y w a r s r s, w h en at al l p o ss i bl e, a sub t a n e an
e rr

g tt ;
ro ft n t h c a n w a m
o o e e v er s e re ly an a rt ifi c 1 a l o ne . I t is c nc i abl
o e v e
t h at th C h i t i an c y pt and
e r s r s s ub t e rran e an ch u c he r s a re f si mi l a
o r

m e an i ng .

C o m p are S c h u l t z e : Die K at ak o mb e n ,
”
1 8 8 2, p .
9 .

In th e a u ro o a a hull w as sa r eT ov er a g ra v e , in w hb li h c i fic d ic
l ay t h e o n e t o b e o n se r at e H is n t at o n c o n 5 1 st e d in e ng c
o v e re c d i ii i . b i c d
i
w th th e oo o f t h e sa r e bl d
so a re g e ne rat 1 o n an d re b rt h , b apt sm c i fic A l . i i .

b
T h e ap t z e o ne W a s a e R e na t us i d c ll d .

A dd i t i n a l p o ro o f in H e g : I b i d p 224 rz o .
,
. .

I b i d p 2 25 .
, . .

I nd e e d sac d se p ent s re r w ere k e pt fo r d i pl y s a and ot h e r purpose s .

R h d e : P yc h e c h ap
o s ,
”
. 1 , p . 2 44 .

Vo l . I , p . 28 .

F i ck . C o m p are W o rt e rb uc h ,
”
I , p 424
. .

C o m p a re bl e cl ani ng f H c u l e T h t ab l , l i k e t h e
the st a e o er s . e s e

c a e n i a p l ac f b i t h W fi nd t abl and c a n n M it h a ism

v r ,
s e o r . e s e v er 1 r c

c m b i ne d w i t h t h b u l l sy m b l i m a in C h i t i an i t y ( S e R b t n :
o e o s , s r s . e o e r so
“
C h i t an d K h n a
r s I n a B a ut m y t h t h r1 s t bl b i t h al cc u s s o ,
e s a e r so o r .

( F b ni u ) T h e t abl b i t h b l ng t t h myt h l g i c ani m a l f abl e ;

ro e s s e r e o s o e o o

the f e t h l g n d f t h c nc p t i i mm ac u l at a al l i d t t h h i t y
re o r e e e o e o e o , e o e s or
o f th imp gn t i n f th b a
e n S
re ah a
pp a y a ly in E gyp t a
o o e rr e ar ,
a e rs v e r e r s

a n ani m a l f abl H d ot u III 8 l at Th i A p i o E p aph s “

e . e ro s, ,
2 ,
re es : s s r o

i a c a lf w h
s m th wa u n abl t b c m i m p g n at e d b ut t h e
o se o er s e o e o e re ,

E gypt i ans ai d t h at a ay f m h a n f l l up n t h c w and f om

s r ro e ve e o e o ,
r

t h at h b ug h t f t h A p i
s e A p i ym b l i
ro t he un or the f e h is s .
”
s s o zes s ,
re o r

s i g n : up n t h e f h e ad a w h i t p t upon h is b ack a fi g u e o f an
s o o re e s o , r

e ag l up n h i
e, t ng u a be t l
o s o e e e .

A cc d i ng t o P h i l o t h or p e nt i t h e m st sp i i t e d o f a l l ani m a l s ;
, e se r s o r

it n at u
s i t h at f fi re th ap i d i t y o f it
s m m nt i g at and t h i s
o re , e r s ov e e s s re

w i t h ut n d o f any p c i al l i mb
ee I t h a a l ng l i f a nd h d ag e
o es e s
. s o e s e s ,

w i t h it k i n Th f it w a i nc u lc a d in t h my t i b c au e it i
s s .
t e r e o re s e e s e r e s, e s s

i m m t a l ( M a h l y Di S ch l ang n M yt h o l g i und K u l t us d
or . e :
“
e e i o e er
kl a i ch n V olk
ss s 8 67 p e e r,
”
1 ,
.

F am p l thor St J h n ex f Q ui nt n M at y e, (s i l l u t at i o n ) ;
e . o o e s s ee s r

al twso p i ct u by an unk n w n S t a b u g m a t e in t h G al l y at
o re s o r ss r s r e er
St a bu g r ss r

w m an—
.

An d t h h a i ng a g ld n c u p in h e h and f u l l
1 “ “
e o f v o e r o

ab m i n at i n f ni c at i n ( R ii : 4 ) T h ”
o an d fi l t h in f h
o s e ss o er or o ev . xv . e

w m n is o d unk n w i t h t h bl d f t h
a
“
r i nt and w i t h t h bl d f
e e oo o e sa s e oo o
f J u t i k i n g i m ag i bl m t h ( h e”
th m ty
e ar : a rs o f th t es s s r e o e e rr e o er er
K h an t h
,

cun n it al ) I n th e T i b t a n my t h o f B g d a G
s . e e o e ss e r e re
pp .
3 4 1 42 7 ]
-
T H E D U A L M O T H ER ROLE 55 1

is a e et e b l
( t re a su re at t a n a e w t h d iflic“u l ty ) , w h h t h e e m o n a i bl i ic i cd
o ld w o m an g u a r s G e sse r s a s t o h e r : d
st e r, n e v e r s n e
. w as y Si i c I
b o rn h a v e y o u sh o w n m e t h e eet e m y so u ”
T h e m ot h e r b o b l l li id
d i d
.

l
is a so t h e so u I t is s g n l
ant t h at t h e o l d w o m an
. e s re t h e h e ro i ific
as a h usb an ( ro e n u s ) d . F b i
Thi s is a sol the i g i fi c nc
s n a e of th e y m st e r e s i . Th i e r p urp o se is t o
l e ad t h u l e n
se e ss, tu u th
re b id
g i i c
r e ss v e es o s l ibid o ov er e r g e s o f sym
h l i sm i nt
o at i n a a o and t h r u g h t h at t a n f
o l c t i i ty
m th b sc u e
v ,
ro r s or e o r

c omp ul i n f t h s o o ng up f m th e l i bi d w ki
unc nsc i u s i nt o so c i a l
o or ro e o o
c o m m uni n and h ig h m a l nd a o er or e e v or .

An c l l nt am p l f t h i i t h e d c i p t i o n f t h e rg i
ex e e ex f th
e o s s es r o o es o e
R u i an e c t a i an by M
ss s h k w ki in h i b
r k P t e t h G at and e re sc o s ,
s oo ,
e r e re
A l e i I n t h c u l t f t h A i at i c G dd
ex .
”
e f l ( A n ai toi M yl i t t a e s o e sse s o ov e s, ,

p t i t ut i n in t h
ro s t mp l wa an o g ni d i n t i t ut i n T h e e e s or a ze s o . e
or gi t i c c ul t
as f A n ah i t ( An a t i ) h b n p
o d in m d n c t a 1 s as ee re se rv e o er se s,

w ith th A l i I l l fihij a t h c al l d t i ng u i h f l i ght ; w ith th

“ ”
e , e so -
e ex s e rs o e
Y éd
ez n d D u h ikku d
s a wh c l b at n c t u n a l l i g i u g i w h i c h
s r s, o e e r e o r re o s or es

e n d in a w i l d e u a l d b au c h d u i ng w h i c h i nc t u u u ni n l
s x e cc u ,
r es o s o s a so o r .

( S pi g l : E an A l t t um k und II p F u th am p l e s a e
“ ”
e e r . er s e, . r er ex r

b e f un d in t h
,

a l u abl e w k f S t o l l ( Das S e ual l e b en in d e “

t o o e v or o x r

Vo l ke rp syc h o l o g ie , ”
L ip ig
e z

C o nc e rn i ng the ki ss of the sn a k e, c o m p a re G i m m II p
r , ,
. 80 9 .

By th si m e a ns, w o m an w a s se t re e a b e a ut
s if l
re e rs t o
u f . T h e uck i ng f
t h e m a t e rn a s gn an e of the l
sn a e , i i fic c
w h h ex s a o th e k ic i t s l ng w i t h
ph a ll ic
I t is a o t u s ac t o n t h e p r e s ex u a st ag e
. c i S p ie l r e in s nsane
’
l . i
i J y f ll Wi III
bl d
—
p at e n t ( a h r b u c h , p 344 ) sa s a s o o w s : ne is t h e of
“
,
oo .

J bl d bl d by
e su s

b i d li
ur e
T h e w at e r m u st b e
a ve b c e o me s i y d T
e sse , a n d w a s

t h e v n e ar i bc bl d
h at w n e —
e s se h im
e om e s
T h e o ne
oo th e .
.

i l d i
w at e r is m ng e c i ld i
w th
‘
h b c sh n e ss
’
y b c
e au se l ik
G o d s a s,
‘
e ome e
l i l c i ld
tt e h T
re n
’
l ic
h e re is a so a sp e rm at .ic d k
w at e r w h h c an b e ru n e n

i bl d T
w th oo . J H
h at p e rh ap s is t h e w at e r o f e su s e re w e fi nd a .

c i li
o m m ng i i i li y
ng o f a l l t h e v ar o u s m e a n ng s o f t h e w ay t o w in m m o rt a t .

Wi d e e m an n (
“
l i II
D e r a t e O r e nt , ”
c i d by Di i c I b i d
,
2, p 1 8 ; te e ter h : ,
. .

y i id
p 1 0 1 ) a sse rt s t h at it is an E g p t an
. de a t h at m an i lk r a w s in t h e m

i l i y by ckl i
o f mm o rt a t su bng t h e dd
re ast o f a g o i
e ss ( C o m p ar e w t h t h at .

y
th e m t h o f H c l i i
e r u e s, w h e re t h e h e ro li y
at t a ns i l
mm o rt a t b y a s ng e
d r aw at t h e b re a st o f e ra ) H .

F ro m t h e ii
w r t ng s o f t h e se t a r an nt o n U nt e rn ah re r : Ge c i A “

h e i m e s R e sk ri pt b ic
d e r e rn s h e n R e g e ru ng an d ie a rr und t at t h a t e r i Pf S l
am t e r,
”
1 8 21 . I ow e th e no w e g e o f t h s k
r ag m e nt t o R e v l d
Dr 0 i f . . .

P fi st e r

N Z th ti et zs And I l g i t h i p bl t y
ch e : “
ara u s ra
”
:
“
a so ve s ara e o ou
N t f w wh wi h d t
o a e d i t th d i l f m th m l o by t h t s e o r v e ou e ev ro e se v e s, a
l d th m l
ea i t th l gh
e se v e s n o e s ou
”
.

C mp th ii
o f Z im ar e e v s on o os o s.

Th i g ni fic nc f t h c m m i n i t l
e s i my t i w i t h a e o e o un o r ua as a un o s ca
G d i o t b tt m s l nd
a y c p l T h p imit i
o o ig ific c s ex u a a v er or o re a . e r ve s n an e
of t h c mm i i th t f H i g m
e o Th f i th f gm t
un o n s a o a e ro s a os . e re o r e n e ra en
of th At t i my t i e h d d d w by F i m i c it i i d t h t t h m y t i c
s s er e s an e o n r us s sa a e s

t
ca s f m t h Ty m p ro d i k f m t h Ky m b l e d h c f a no n, r n s ro e a o n, an e o n e sse s :
3W? o w i éd w hich m I h d th
‘

th m
“
1 ) r v rra or tn nt fl vov , ea s e sa e as : av e e e re e
552 TH E D U A L M O TH ER ROLE [pp .
34 1
-
42 7

b i d l c h am b
r a U n ( in Di t i c h I b i d p 2 6 )
er .
”
f t a i f
se er e er : .
,
. 1 re e rs o se r e s o

q u t at i n f m t h p t i t i c l i t t u
o o s ro f w h i c h I m nt i n m
e ly n
a r s e ra re , o e o e re o e
sent n c f m th p h
e e ro f P cl u f C n t an t i n p l
e s 2? W
e ec C ” z } es o ro s o o s o e : G U TG 8

( T h b i d l ch m b in w h i c h t h L g
'

d
'
o l éy g pp o e vv7 p t ev o a r o 7 7 1) a h as kd e r a a er e o os

es p u d th fl h )
o se T h c h u ch ie l t m t nt t h b i d l c h m b
es . e r s a so o so e ex e e r a a e r,

wh th
e re p i i t u ni t e w ith th s fl h r l ly t h C Om t iu m I na us
es e es ,
re a e e er . re e
m nt i n
e m o m s f th so i ni t i t y c u t m f c t i n g n t i c c t
e o re o e a or s o s o er a os se s,

w h i ch w u nd u b t dly e re n t h i ng b ut p i i t u a l w dd i ng
o e ( C mp o s r e s o a re
Hi
.

Di t i c h I b i d p 7 ff ) I n t h C t h l i c c h u c h
e er : .
,
. n y t
1 2 . e a o r ,
ev e e ,
a e ro s

g ma i c
os l b t d s n t h ien t l
e l at i n f
ra e p i t A y u ng m ai d n t h
o e s a o o a r es . o e e re

rep nt
r e seth c h u ch a b i d
s e r s r e .

C mp a al
o th p h ant a i
re f F l i c i n R ps : T h
so c uc i fi d
e s es o e e o e r e

P ri ap u s .

C o m p a re w th i t h at th e ym b l i m in N i
s o s et zs ch e s
’
p o em : W hy
y lf i nt t h p a
e nt ic e st t h o u t h p nt ?
se o e r ad i f th ld se o e o se r e
”

1 "
Th u spak Z at h u t s e ar s ra .

N i t c h h i m lf m u t h
e zs h w n at t i m
e a c t ai n p sed i l ct i n s av e s o es er re e o

f orl t h m ni m l C m p a C A B n u l l i : F a n O b b eck und

oa so e a a s . o re . . er o
“
r z er
F i d i ch N i t ch
r e r V l I p 66 e zs e,
”
o .
,
. 1 .

I c l l N i t ch d am w h i c h i c i t d in P a t I f t h i b k
re a e zs e s
’
re , s e r o s oo .

Th G m ni c m yt h f Di t i c h n B n wh h ad fi y b t h
e er a o e r vo er ,
o er re a ,

b l ng t t h i i d
e o s H o w a w u n d d in t h s f h ad by n a w a
ea : e s o e e o re e a rro ,

p i ce f weh i c h o m i n d t h fi d ; f m t h i h w re c l l d tah i m e e re xe ro s, e as a e e
m t lor a In i m i l a m nn h lf f H fi ng ni w d g h p d t n
. a s r a e r, a o r
’
r s e e- s a e s o e

f a t n d i t lf in T h
s e e h ad S
se G i m m : M y t h o l gy I p 3 0 9 or s
’
e . ee r
“
o ,
”
,
. .

G e c h i c h t d P h i l ph i e V l I p 8
1 1 " “
s e er o so ,
”
o .
, . 1 1 .

Sa t ap o at ap y at a .

St ic i d
T he o ea of th e c r e at v e i pr ma i l w arm t h , in w h i ch w e h av e
l ady c g n i d
a re re o ze the libid ( P o a rt I ,
C h ap . IV ) b l ,
e o ng s in th s con i
n t i n al
ec th
o bi ,
so e rt h o f Mith a f r ro m a st o n e , w h i ch r e su lt d e s o l o a e st u

l ib id inis ( t h ro u g h th e h e at of the l ibi d o on ly ) .

I n th e a cc u r at e p ro se l i
t ra n s at o n t h s p a ss ag e r e a i d s: Th K am
e re a

d ev e o p e l d f ro m h im in t h e b g i n n i ng ( D u n G h
e
”
e sse :
“
e sc . d Phi l
. .
,

Vo l , p
. I . K
a m a is t h e l ibi d Th g
o . f un d t h
“
e sa es o e ro o t o f b i ng
e

in t h e no n -
b i e n g , in t h e h e a rt , a c h i ng w i t h i nt
se r p cti n ro s e o .
”

“ 9
F am an d E t n i ty e
‘

er .
’

G i m m : M yt h l gy
r
“
o o ,
”
III . T h e h e ro e s h av e s e rp e nt s
’
e y es ,
as do
the k i ng s: o rm r i a ug a . S ig u rd r is a e c ll d
O rm r i A ug a .

Ni et zs ch ’
e s
I n t h e g re e n li g ht ,

H a pp n e s s st i i l l pl y a s a ro u n th e d
ro w n b aby s s.

H is vo ic e g ro w s h o a rs e ,
H is eye fl ash e s v e r d ig r 1 s 1 .
”

F ro m The P o v e rt y o f th e R i c h e st .

Ni etz s ch e s
’ “
F r ag m e nt s of Di y on su s- Di t hy ramb s .

H e av y y e e s,

Wh ich se ld o m l ov e :
5 54 THE S A C RI F I C E [pp .
4 2 8 -
48 3

Am o ng th e d a ug h t e rs of th e d e se rt .

Z t e n ra l b l a t t fur P sy c h o a na ly se , Vo l . II , p . 1 69 .

Th i s p ro bl em f q u nt ly b n m p l y d in t h nc i nt sun
h as re e ee e o e e a e

my t h s I t is es p c i a l ly
e t i k i n g t h t t h
s r l i n k i l l i n g h S am n a nd a e o -
e ro e s, so

H c ul
.

er e s, a re w p n
ea l i n ot h c m b
e ss t T h l i n i t h y m b le f t h e
o a . e o s e s o o

m o st i nt e n se um m
s h t t
er l g i c l ly h i t h D m i ilium S l i
ea ,
a s ro o a e s e o c o s .

S t i nt h l ( Z it / ift fii V l k p y l l g i V l II p 3 3 )
e a e s c zr a nr o
' '

er s c zo o e, o .
,
. 1 re so s

ab ut t h i
o in a m t i nt t i n g m nn
s w h i ch I qu t w
os df w d e re s a e r, o e or or or :

W h n t h S un g d fi g h t g ai n t t h umm h at h fi g h t ag a i n t
“
e e -
o s a s e s er e ,
e s s

h i m lf ; w h n h
se k i l l it h k i l l h i m lf M t c t i n ly ! T h
e e s e s se . os er a e

P h ni c i n A y i an nd Lyd i an a c i b
,

oe a ,
ss lf d t uct i n t h i un g d
r a s r es se -
es r o o s s -
o ,

f or h c n c mp
e h nd t h a l ni ng f t h u n h at n ly a a lf
o re e e e sse o e s
’
s e o s se

mu d r H
er b l i d t h t t h u n t d t it h i g h t in t h um m e
. e e ev e a e s s oo a s es e s r

y c c h d w i t h d t y i ng h t t h u d g d bu n
j u n t h i m lf —A l H c u l
a nd it s ra s s or th
e e s ro ea : s oes e o r

h i m lf b ut h
se d n t di
,
n ly e oes o e, o re ve a es se . so er es

b u n h i m lf b ut c nd t O lym p u in t h fl m
r s se ,
Th i i t h
as e n s o s e a es . s s e co

t dic t i n in t h
ra p g o n g d T h y f e c f n at u
a a h e l p f u l o s . e ,
as or es o re , a re

as w ll e h a mful t m n as In d t d g d nd t
r od m th y e . or er o o oo a o re ee e

mu t w k s g i n t th m l or Th a pp a it i n i d ul l d w h n i th
s e se v e s . e o os o s e , e e er

o f the t w id f th f c o f n tu
s i p
es n i fi d in a n
o p ci al
e or es o a re s e r so e es e

g d o ,w h n th p w
or f n tu ei c nc i ed f di in p
o er o n ag ; a re s o e ve o as a v e e r so e

h w o ac h
e v e r, f it t w m d e f ct i n t h b n
o l nt nd t h inj u i
s o o es o a o , e e ev o e a e r

o u ha
s, n p ci l ym b l T h ym b l i l w y i n d p nd e nt and
s a es e a s o . e s o s a a s e e ,

fi n l ly i t h g d h i m lf ; an d w h i l
a s e i g i n a l ly t h g d w k d ag ai n t
o se e or e o or e s

h i m lf se d t y d h i m lf n w ym b l fi g h t ag ai n t ym b l g d
,
e s ro e se ,
o s o s s s o ,
o

ag i n t g d g d w ith th ym b l ”
a s th o ,
or e o e s o .

C t ai n ly t h g d fi g h t w i t h h i m lf w i t h hi t h
er e o el f w h i ch w e s se ,
s o er s ,

ha c nc i d f u nd t h ym b l f m t h
ve o e ve o Th c n fl i c t a l w ay
er e s o o o er . e o s

a pp a e t b e th
rs t ug g l w it h th
o f at h and t h c nq u i ng f t h
e s r e e er e o er o e

mot h er .

T he old Et ru s a n c cu st o m o f c o v e r ng i t h e u rn o f a sh e s, and t h e d d ea
bu i d r e in t h e e art h , i
w th t h e s h i ld
e ,
is so met h i ng m o re t h an m e re c h anc e .

I c n e st m ot i ve .

C o m p ar e the id ea of the P h oeni x in the A p c lyp o a se of B aruch

P
,

a rt I of th s i b k oo .

C H A P TE R VIII
1
T he k i ng d om of th e m o t h e r is t he k i ng d om o f th e ( unc o nsc i o us)
p h a nt a s y .

”
B h i nd
e n a t u re st a n d
m o t h e r, in o n t n u at o n
s the c i i o f o ur e ar li er d is
c u ssw n s a nd m t h e fo r e g o m g p o e m o f 61 er n H d li . H e re t he m o th e r
h o v e rs b f e o re the po et s m n
’
i d
a s a t re e , o n w h h the ic ch i ld h ang s l ike a
bl o sso m .

3
O nc e he c al l d
h is ro t h e rs e e re the
m ust a to m n st a rs b .
”
H I c ll i d
t h e re m a r s in t h e k
rst p a rt o f t h s w o r , e sp e a fi
t h at m st id e nt ifi i k c i l ly y ic
c i i
a t o n w t h t h e st ars : é yti) e ifl t d fifl fi l a v nc do f fip ( a m a st a r w h o w a n I
d e rs t o g e t h e r w t h y o u ) T h e s e p a rat o n an d i e re nt at o n ro m t h e
. i i i f d i ff
m o t h e r, t h e “
n v u at o n i di id
re a t e s t h at t r a n s t o n o f t h e s u i
e t ve c
nt o ii bj c i i
th e o bj c i
e t v e , t h at o u n at o n o f o ns o u s n e ss f d i
e o r e t h s, m a n w as c ci B f i .

i
o ne w t h t h e m o t h e r h at is t o s ay , w t h t h e w o r as a w h o e
. T At i ld l .

t h at p e r o m an i d
no t no w t h e s u n a s did
ro t h e r h s o u rr e fo r k b T i cc d .
pp .
4 2 8 -
48 3 ] THE S A C RI F I C E 555

t he fi i m w h n ft t h
r st t e, l t i g p t i n nd p l c i ng f t h
e a er e re su n se a ra o a a o e
o bj c t th
e l ib id
, ge i g t t h i f t i l p c i d in t h t fi t t t
o, re re ss n o e n an e, er e v e a rs s a e

it ps ibi l it i
o ss d th pici es f hian l ti hip t t h t e su s f c d on o s re a o ns o e s a rs or e

i t lf p h im T h i cc
se u on c pp . t i f s q t ly i t h i t
o u rr e n e a e a rs no n re ue n n e n ro
i p yc h
v e rs o n A y g p
s o se s t di y l b i g m o un d l e a s an ah or n ar a or n a n, ev e

i n p yc h i ( D m t i P c ) H i fi t f l i g
.
,

o p d e i t an n ro v e rs o s os s e en a ra e ox . s rs ee n s

o f ill wn e ss h w by p ci l c
e re s ct i w h i ch h f l t w i h t h
o n a s e a o nn e on e e t e

su n d th an t Th et b c m f l l f m i g t h im
s a rs . e s a rs d th e a e u o e an n o ,
an e

su n gg t d i d
su t
es e h im Th i p p e as t ly ti o ly w p c pt i . f s a a re n en re ne er e on o

t
n a u re i m t w ith s y ft n i th i d i
e A th p ti t b g
v er o e n s se a s e . no er a en e an

to nd u t d t h l g g f b i d w h i c h b g h t h im m
e rs a n e an ua g e f m
o r s, ro u e ss a es ro

hi b l s d ( m t h ) C mp
e ov e S i gf i d
o er . o a re e r e .

p i g b l ng t t h i d wh l
4
Th e s r n e o s o e e a as a o e .

Th i i d s p thea d i i n i nf nt i l bl d
ex re sse s in H yp i n
e v e -
a e e sse n e ss, as er o
’
s

S ng f F t
o o a e .
”

Y w d b th
“
in t h l i g h t
ou an er a ov e e re e
U p n f t cl d bl d g nii ! o so ou s, e sse e
S h i n i ng b f th g d re e z e s o e o s

S t i y g t ly r ou en
”
.

Th i p t i n i p c i l ly n t w t hy I n c h i l d h d
“
s or o s es e yt h i ng w
a o e or . oo e v er as

gi n h im
ve nd m i d i i cl i d t
, a b t i it c m
an s f h i m lf
s n ne o o a n on e o re or se ,

b c e it i w n
a u se ly t h g h t i l d c m p l i
s o on l ro u c t “
o an o u s on
”
: ev en ov e os s

tro u bl I e c h i l d h d t h w l l f t h l i b i d g h d f t h i b bbl i g
. n oo e e o e o us e or n u n
f l
u n e ss In l t . l i f it i l a er h d w k t e k p th t m nv o v e s ar or o e v en ee e s re a

fl w i ng f t h
o w or d t i i g l if b c e on w ith i c
ar i g g th
s r v n e, e a u se n re a s n a e e

t
s re a m h g w i ng i cl i
as a ti t ro fl w b ck t it c i f ff c t l
n na on o o a o s so u r e , e e ua
m ch e im an s t c s t d t a re hi d th i
no b ck w d m m t re a e t o n er s a ar ov e en or a
l t t
e as g ni
o it
or I th ia c ct i b l g th g
ze . n l ly cc pt d s o nne on e on s e e n e ra a e e

id th t l
e a, i
a b l t ly p t ov e s ; a ly t h i f t i l t y p f l
so u e s o n a ne o u s on e n an e e o ov e

is m th i g
so e b l t ly p t n a Th l
so u e f d lt m
s ll w
o n ane o u s . e ov e o an a u an a o s

i t lf t b p p f l ly d i c t d M n
se o e ur o se l u y I will l re Th e . a c a n a so sa
“
ov e .
”
e

h i ght
e f c lt
s o c nd i t i n d b y t h
u u re p ity f
are d i pl o m nt f o e e ca ac or s a ce e o

t he l ib id o .

M ti 7
im m o rt al t y in t h e f abl e o f t h e d e at h o f m p e d o cl e s i E
—
o ve of .

H ac D e u s im m o rt a l is Iza b e ri D u m c u pit E mpe d o c l e s a rd e nt e m

or e :
—
frig id u s A e t na m I nsil uit ( m p e d o cl e s d e l b e rat e ly t h re w h m se lf nt o
‘
E i i i
i
t h e g l o w ng A e t n a b e c a use h e w a nt e d t o b e b e l e v e d a n mm o rt a l g o d ) i i .

8
i f l p g i t h j n y t H d f O dy
C o m p a re the b e au t u as s a e n e o ur e o a es o sse us,

wh th
e reh wi h t m b c h i m th
e e ro s es o e ra e s o er .

B t I t h i l l d by i l gi g
“
u r e nn e r on n
l f my d p t d m th
, ,

W t d t mb c th an e o e ra e e so u o e ar e o e r.
Th t i m I d re e d f l l f p i n t d i f t h mb c
es en e av o r e ,
u o a ss o a e e s re or e e ra e :

Th t i m f m my h d h c p d
re e es ro an s s e es a e

L i k n ct l h d e d th im g of d mu rn a s a es an e a es o re a s

And i m y h t d g w m n i t XI e ar sa n e ss re o re n e n se .
”
,

Th ed w l d h l l i i d d t h p l c f nf l fil l d l g i g T h
un er or , e ,
s n ee e a e o u u e on n . e

T t l m ti i f d th gh l l f h l l
an a u s o ve s o un ro u a o e .

p ti t ( J h b h III p 34 5 ) k in c n c t i n w i t h
9
Sp i l i
’
e re n s p a en a r uc , ,
. s ea s on e o

th i g i fic c f t h c m m i n f t h w t m i d w i t h ch i l d i h
e s n an e o e o un o o
“
e a er xe s

n e ss; p m tic w t s bl d d w i
er P 3 68 h y T h
a l a e r, oo an ne . . s e sa s:
“
e so u s

f l l i t th w t
a en n o d by G d t h y f l l i nt t h d p by
e a er a re s av e o ,
e a o e ee a ss
T he so u s l w e re s av e d by t h e so n o f G od .
5 56 THE S AC R I F I C E [pp .
42 8
-
48 3

T h e ¢é pfl a i<0v dGa va m a r t h e d i nk r of S o m a, th e H ao m a o f t h e P i e rs an s,

i
m g h t h av e e en m a e ro m b d f E ph d e ra vu lga i r s . S pi eg e l :
“
E r an . Alt er

t u m sku n d e ,
”
, p 4 33 I . .

Li k h e av e n
e the
t in au p tm ann s anne ly c i y H ’ “
H le
S l i
a v at o n is a w o n e r u t , d f l ci y
W c
h e r e p e a e an d j o y n e v e r e n d ,
I t s h o u se s a re m a r e , it s ro o s a re g o , bl f ld
i
B ut w n e o w s in s v e r o u nt a n s,fl il f i
Fl o w e r s a re s t r e w e u p o n t h e w h t e , w h t e st re e t s, d i i
C o nt nu a i l ly f
r o m t h e t o w e rs s o u n the w e ng e d dd i b ll s .

G re e n a s M ay a re the at t e m e nt s, sh n ng w th b l i i i th e l i gh t of e ar ly
m o rn i ng .

G i ddy w th i b ut t fl i er e s, c ro w n e d w th i ro se s .

Th e re b l e ow , h an d in h an d ,

f i
T h e e st v e p e o p e w an e r t h ro ug h t h e h e av e n l d ly l nd a ,

T h e w e , w e s e a isid e id
w t h re d , r e d w n e , fill d i i
T y l
h e p u n g e in w t h sh n ng o es ! i i i b di
T y l
h e p u n g e nt o t h e o am an d t h e sp e n o r,i f l d
The cl
e a r p u rp e o v e rs t h e m e nt re , l c i ly
y
An d t h e ex u t ng a r se ro m t h e o o , li i f fl d
T h u s t h e are w ash e y e sus
’
oo
”
d by J bl d .

R i ch t e r : 1 5, 1 7 .

P l lw i
re tz : G rie c h . Et m y .
,
8 . O tt aw a) .

Of th e f at h e r .

Th i s w as r e a l ly th e p u rp o se of yt i al l Th y c e at ym
m s er es . e r e s

b o l ism s of e at h a n d d re bi rt h fo r the p c t i c l p p l i c at i n a nd d uc at i n
ra a a o e o

of the il l ibid A Fi nf a nt e o . s raz e r ( T h Go l d n B ugh

“
e I p 44 ) e o ,
”
,
. 2

p i t
o n s t tic d b b ic p
ou ,
ex o an ar ar eo pl ha es n th i i ni t at y m y t i
ve i e r i or s er es

th me ym b l i m f d t h
sa e s o s o ea nda u ct i n j u t a A p u l i u
re s rre o s s e s

f L ii i t
,

M t m XI 3 ) y f t h i i t i t i
“
e a .
,
th
,
I i my 2 sa s o e n a on o uc t s n o e s s s

t i
er e s :A cc fi i m m ti t c lc t P pi l imi p m i
e ss1 c o n n u or s e a a o ro se r n ae ne er o n a
t
v e c us l m nt m i (I h
e e ch d t h c fi
e a f d th d re e av av e re a e e on ne s o ea an
trodd n t h t h h l d f P
e pi ; p ei g t h g h l l t h l m nt I
re s o o ro se r na a ss n ro u a e e e e s,
h t
av e d ) L c i d i d fi g t i ly ( d i t
r e u rn e l nt i
. m ti ) u us e u ra ve a n s ar v o u ar a e or s
an d w as b o rn ane w ( re n a t u s ) .

Th i d s oes no t h i d n er the mo d e rn n e u r a st h e n ic f ro m m ak i ng wor k

a m e an s o f re p re s s o n i an d w o rr y i ng ab o ut it .

C o m p are G e n e si s x li x : 1 7 : D an sh a ll be a se rp e nt by the w ay ,
an dd in t h e
a er p at h , t h at b it et h the h o rse h ee ls , so t h at h is r id er sh a ll
f al l b ack w a d r .
”

C o mp are w th i th s i the E g y p t i an re p re se nt at o n i of the Hea v en as

w o m an an d c o w .

F u d F m u l i ung n ub d i w i P i n i p i e n d s p syc h i c h e n
re :
“
or er e er e z e r z e s
G e c h eh en
s 9 2 Jah b u h p ff
s, 1 1 r c , . 1 .

Th i f m f q u t i n c l l t h w l l k n w n I n d i n ym b l f h
s or o es o re a s e e -
o a s o o t e
w ld b a i ng ni m l n l p h ant t an d i ng u p n t t
or -
e r a Th l a : a e e s o a o r o 1 se . e e e

p h nt h a
a c h i fly m c u l i n p h l l i c i g n i fic nc and t h e t t i se l i k
s e as e- a s a e or o , e
y h l l ni m l c h i fly f m i n i n i g ni fic nc
ev e r s e a a , e e e s a e .
558 TH E S AC R I F I C E [p p 4 2 8 4 8 3.
-

c
t e tor : w h e n h e g re w u p , h e w a s o f s up e rh u m a n e aut , so t h at b y Agd i ti s s

f ll
e in o v e w t h t h e b o y l H is re a t v e s s e nt t h e ui g ro w n . l i f ll -
At t i t s o

P e ssin u s, in o r e r t o m a rr the ng s
’
au g h t e r d
T he w e y ki d . dd i ng s o ng

w as b i i
e g nn ng w h e n g st s a p p e a re a n d in e r um tt s A di i d d li i A i ca t s ra t e d
i lf
h m se
”
.

Fi micu r s: De e rro r .
p ro f . re l .
, XXVIII . Q uo t e d by R o b e rt so n :
E ang M y t h
v . s,
”
p . 1 3 6, an d C re uz e r : S ym b l i k o ,
”
II , 332 .

P e nt h e u s, as a h e ro w ith a s e rp e nt n at u r e ; h is f at h e r w as E h c i o n,

the a dd er .

y p i c a l sac i fic i a l d at h in t h Di ny u c u l t
T he t r e e o s s .

I n t h f t i al p c i n th y w w m n cl t h s ’
e es v ro e ss o s e o re o e s o e .

I n B i t hyni A t t i w c l l d m im c ( p ap a p p ) nd Cyb l M aa s as a e i
,
o e a e e, .

I n th a ly A i t i c
e e l i g i n f t h i m t h g dd
r th
s a it d fih re o s o s o e r- o e ss, e re ex s e s

w hip
o rs nd p h ibit i n g in t fi h a
a f d f th p i t ro In th o a a s s .
s oo or e r es s . e

C h i t i n l i g i n it i n t w t h y t h t t h
r s a re n f A t a g at i
o i d nt i fi d
,
s o e or a e so o r s, e e

w ith A ta t Cyb l i c l l d 1 1 955 ( C u S ym b l i k II

—
”
s t r e, e e, e c .
,
s a e re zer : o , ,

Th f e re th n g o re ,m f th n am f Ch i t
e I H >30T 2 X P I E TO Z
a a ra o e e o r s

O E O T T I O Z 2 9 TH P I X O YZ .

Spi g l E e e :
“
ran A l t t um k un d
. er s e, 2, 76 .

A N ag l :
. e
“
D ch i n i c h K u
er es s e c h e ng o t t T sau -
ky un .
”
Arc /zit ) fur
R e l ig io nsw isse ns c h aft XI ,3 ff ,
2 .

Spi g l
In Pa ig am m at ik p p 3 5 66
e e
’
s
“
rs r ,
”
. 1 ,
1 .

P phy i u y by i 6 i p g day pyog i oM lfip g i y é w g 6 6 75

or r s sa s: ( Ka Ta o t ov ( n) a k a ev o 8 0 71 17

( A t
s h b
-
u l l i t h eC at M i t h i t h L d f b i t
s h ) e re o r, ra s e or o r .

T h d t h f t h b ul l i e l unt a y and i n l unt a y W h n M i t h

ea o e s vo r vo r . e ra

t an g l
s r th b i l l a c p i n b i t t h b ul l in t h t t i cl ( aut umn
es e r ,
s or o es e e es es

e q ui n ) ox .

B nnd f : B i l d w k d L t an M use um N 54 7
e or er e es a er ,
”
o . .

4" “
T ex t e s et M o nu m e nt s,
”
I ,
1 82 .

In l c C um nt p ak f t h e o w f u l and al m st
a no t h e r p a e o s e s o s rro o

m b i d g ac f t h f at u
”
or f th h
r e o e e re s o e e ro .

I n f an t i l i m i m l y t h ul t f th sm uc h d p t at
s f i nt o
e re e re s o e ee er s e o r

i n f t h C h t n in c nt t t t h t h
v e rs o o e l ig i n r1 s 1 a o ras o e o e r re o s .

Th libid n tu e f th c i fic d i u nq u t i n bl
o In P
a ia re o e sa r e s es o a e . e rs ,
a

ra m h l p d t h fi t p p l t t h fi t in c h b i t t i n it i
e e e rs l th eo e o e rs s ,
o a a o : s a so e

fi t n i m l w h i c h t h y c i fic d ( S p i g l
rs a a E an A l t t u m k u nd e sa r e e e :
“
r . er s e,
”

V l I p
o .
,
Th m i th
. am th p a d i i c l p n t w h i
e c h ra s e s e as e ra s a se r e ,

wa C h i t cc d i n g t t h M ni c h n
s r s a i n T h n c i nt M l i t n
or o e a ea v e rs o . e a e e o

of Sa d t au g h t t h t C h i t w
r es l m b i m i l t t h am in t h a r s as a a s ar o e r e

b u h w h i c h A b ah am c i fic d in p l ac f h i n H
,

s r th bu h i sa r e e o s so e re e s s

( F g m nt V q u t d by R b t n I b i d )
.
,

a n l g u
a o t th co s o e ro s s ra e ,
o e o e r so
:
.

S ab ee
e B l d b i d g m f t h e m th
ov . F m J hua oo r e ro o o o er . ro os v : 2

w el a n t h t J h u a ag i n i n t i t u t d t h c i c u m c i i n n d d m p t i n
e r a os a s e e r s o a re e o
o f th fi tb n W i th t hi h m u t h
e rs orub t i t ut d f : th
“
c i fic s e s av e s s e or e sa r e
of c h i l d n w h i ch l i it w t h c u t m t ff
re , p t J h h th e ar er as e s o o o er u o e ov a ,
e

c i fic f t h m l f k i n ( D w
sa r e o C h i t u myt h
e I p a e o re s re s: r s s e,
”
,
.
 pp .
42 8
-
48 3 ] TH E S AC R I F I C E 5 59

Se e Ibid p
C umo nt : .
,
. 1 00 .

T h Z d i c l ign f th
e o a a n g s t t h t o e su
’
s re a e s ea .

Th i l ti
s so u
pp t ly c
on c n a ly t h d g m t i c ymb l i m I
a re n on er s on e o a s o s .

m ly i t i m t t h t t h i
e re n a e c i fic i l d t h wa l t d t
s sa r f ti l f a ea as re a e o a es va o
ve g t ti e a on f S p i g f m w h ich t h
or o r n ligi ,
l g d igi t d
ro e re o us e en or na e
T h f lk c t m c t i i ti th m f d m t l th g ht
.

e o us o i s on a n n v ar a o ns e se sa e un a en a ou s

( C mp w ith th t D w I p
.

”
o a re C h i t my t h
a re s: r s us e, ,
.

A im i l i s c i fic i l d t h i t h t f P m t h
ar sa r a H w ea ch i d s a o ro e e us . e as a ne
t o a ck I
ro . th n i hi ch i w
an o er d w n th gh pi l l
v e rs o n s a ns e re ra ro u a a r,
w h ich h i t t thn s ch i m t t
a e t en T h t p ni h m t w h i
a n en o a re e . a u s en as s

w hi ch Ch i t t k p h i m lf w i l l i g ly T h f t f P m t h
r s oo u on se n . e a e o ro e e us
th f
e re o re c l l th m i f t
re a s f Th e d P it h
s o r u ne wh m i o e se u s an er o o s, o re a n
b d t th
o un o ck t h c h t h i c m t h
e ro , A cc d i g t At h
e on J pit o er or n o e n a e u s, u er

c mm d d P m t h
.

o an e rof t h h d f d h im t w
e e u s, a w ill w
er e a re e .
, o e ar a o

c wro n d n i n i g by w h i c h h i l ck f f
an a ro r n d m d l y w s a o re e o an s av e r as
ym b l i c l ly p nt d ( P h
,

s o a re r e se wh in A g
e . w w h i pp d o ro n e u s, o r os as o rs e as

th eb i g r n f fi er w o th n f M li
re , th as h th f e t so o e a, e as e r e o re re e - e n

c w f P m th
,

ch i d ) R b t
a ne . c mpo e r so n th o t th
a re s c w f e ro n o ro e e us o e ro n o
th o rns f Ch i t
o Th d
r s t c
. y c w i h e f P m th
ev o u in a rr ro ns n o no r o ro e e u s,
or d t er p
o t th
re c p t i i t y ( E ng l i c l M y t h p
r e se n e a v I thi
“
va e a s, . n s

c o n ne ct i th
o n, f th c wn m
e r e o re , th m e th b t th l i g
ro e ans e sa e as e e ro a r n .

Th e se th
a re q i it e f th
re ld H i
u s g m es w ith th o m th ; th e o e ro s a os e o er e
c w ro n f th n o ( w h i ch i
or f E gyp t i n d i
s ti n cc d i ng s o a er v a o a or to
At h ) h
e n ae u s th i g ni fic c f t h p i f l c t i c b t t h l
as e s an e o e a n u as e e ro a .

Th p e w s nd g i
e ar by L g i ou t Ch i t i t h v en b tit t f on nu s o r s s e su s u e or
th ed g g t h t i t h M i t h i c b l l c i fic
a er ru s n e Th j g g d t th f ra u sa r e :
“
e a e oo o

th eb raz e n w dg w ed i n th gh t h b
e
”
as t f th nc h i n d
r ve nd ro u e re a s o e e a e a

sa rc i fic d P m t h e ( A c h yl
ro e e us es us :

M nt i m t l b m d f t h f c t t h t N t h G m n my th l g y
e on us a so e a e o e a a or er a o o

w as cq i t d w i t h i m i l t h g h t
a ua n e g d i g th f itf l
s ar f th ou s re ar n e ru u n e ss o e

sa rc i fic i l d t h a th ea m th Th gh h g i g n t h t
on e o f l if
er : ro u an n o e re e o e,

Odi n bt i d k n w l d g f t h R
o a ne o nd t h
e i p i i ng i nt i c t i g
e o e u ne s a e ns r ,
ox a n
d i k w h i c h i n t d h im w i t h i mm t l i t y
r n v es e or a .

I h av ef i d in t h c
re r a n e f th i m ly i t i ng i e t i g t i ng
o u rs e o s e re or en nv e s a

f m f i g t th c tl p ibi l iti
ro re e rr n o e f l t i h i p b tw n d m
o un e ss o ss es o re a o ns e ee re a

s ym b l i m d t h m t i l d i cl d in t h
o s an e c
a er a cti Th t i s o se e se o n ne o ns . a s a

m tt a erf o p ci l ina s t ig t i
e B t I c
a v est f b m tia i g h on . u a n no or e ar en on n e re

a i m p l d m t h fi t w h i c h y t h f l p t i t b g h t t m in t h
s e re a , e rs a ou u a en ro u o e e

b gi i g f h
e nn n n ly i
o er Sh t a d b tw
a s s h igh w l l
. f
“
w e s an s e een a s o sno

u p on a i l d t ck w i t h h m l l b t h
ra ro a ra A t i c m h er s a ro er . ra n o e s, s e r u ns

b f e it i
o re . d dly f n ea d l h b t h b h i d p t h t ck
e ar an e av e s er ro er e n u on e ra .

Sh e h im
se e s n b t ru ft t h t i h p d th l i t t l f l l w
o v e r, u a er e ra n as a sse ,
e e e o

t
s an d p g i ni j d T h m i g f t h d am i cl
s u a a n u n u re .
”
th e e an n o e re s e ar : e
i i t bl p p c h f t h i m p l
ne v a e a ro a Th o l i g b h i d f t h l itt l
e u se .
”
e e av n e n o e e

b th i t h
ro er s p d w illi g
e re tre sse cc p t h d t i y T h cc pt n n e ss o a e er es n . e a e

an e c i ym b l i d by t h
s s o ze c i fic f t h l i t t l b t h ( t h i f t i l e sa r e o e e ro er e n an e

p e rso n a l i ty ) w h pp t ly c
o se t i d th b c m h w
a a re n er a n ea e o e s, o e v e r, a re su r

re ct i on A n th p t i t m k
. o er f cl
a ic l f m : h d m d f
en a es u se o a ss a or s s e re a e o

a m i gh ty gl w h i ch i w
ea e, d d i b k d ck by s o unw If e n ea an ne an ar r o .

w e g i t t h ct l t f c ph
o n o e a ua y ( gl phy i c i
ra ns e re n e w a nt a s ea e : s an , a r ro

e ro tic w i h f th p ti
s o t ) th e th m t i l c
a en c i g th , gl (w i g d
en e a er a on e rn n e ea e n e

li on f St M k th p t p l
o . ar d,
f V e ic ; b k as m mb s en f or o en e ea z re e r a nc e s o
 5 60 TH E S AC R I F I C E [p p 4 2 8 4 8
.
3
-

c e rt a n i p e rv e r se ci
c h i ld h d ) l d u t und t an d t h
a t o ns of gl oo ea s s o e rs e ea e

a s a c m p i t i n f i n f an t i l m m i
o os o w h i c h in p a t
o g up d e e o r e s, r a re ro e

a ro und t h f at h Th e ag l th f i a n i nf ant i l
e r. h e wh i e e, e r e o re , s e e ro o s

w u n d d in a c h a ac t i t i c m nn
o e n th p h l l i c p i nt ( b ak )
r er s Th a er o e a o e . e
d m l
re a ay I n unc t h i nf nt i l w i h I ac i fic my i nf ant i l
a so s s: re o e e a e s ,
s r e e

p e r so nal i ty ( w h i c h i yn nym u w i t h I p a ly it c t t t h f at h e s s o o s : ar ze ,
as r a e e r

or th p h y i c i an )
e I n th M ith my t i
s . in t h i nt i n th e ra s e r e s, e ro v e r s o e

m y t i c h i m lf b c m
s 5 69 t h
se ag l thi e b i ng t h h i g h t d g
o es 18 7 f e e e, s e e es e re e o
i n i t i t i n T h i d nt i fic at i n w i t h t h u nc n c i u l i b i d n i m l g e
a o . e e o e o s o s o a a o s

v er y fa in t h i c u l t r Aug u t i n l t s l ii aut m i eut a

,
as l p s e re a e s : a e s v e s a as er
m c a i i m i t nt a l ii ( S me
”
c ut iu nt v oc e orl num m c s f m u nt a e s, v e ro eo o re re o

m ov e th m l i k b i d t h w i ng i m i t at i ng t h
e ar s e i c f th a n
r s e s, e vo e o e r ve ,

s m o g e n l ik li n )
ro a e o s .

Mi Mill ss n ak i g n Th
er s s n ak
’
f my p at i nt i a l
e g en
s re e . e s e o e s so re .

In P yc h l g y f D m nt i a P a c
“
s o o p o 6 h y e Th n a e r e ox ,
”
. 1 1 ,
s e sa s: e

l i t t l g n n ak c am i nt m y m uth ; it h ad t h fi n t l l i t n
e re e s e e o o e es ,
ov e es se se ,

a s i f it h ad h u m n u n d t and i ng ; it w ant d t ay m t h i ng t m a e rs e o s so e o e,

a l m t a i f it h ad w i h d t k i m
os s S p i l in p at i n t s y f th
e o ss e .
”
e re
’
s e sa s o e

s n k a It i
e : n ni m l f G d w h i ch h a
s a a u c h w nd ful c l
a o n o s s o er o o rs,
g , re e ,

bl u nd w h i t T h at t l n k i g n ; it i
e a e . y d an g u T h
e r es a e s re e s v er e ro s . e
n ak n h a h u m an m i n d it n h G d j u d g m nt ; it i ’
s e ca av e ,
ca av e o s e s a

f i nd f ch i l d n I t w i l l
r e o th re ch i l d n w h a n c
. y f s av e o se re o re e e ss a r or

th e p ti n f h um n l i f
r e s e rv a ( J h b u / V l III p
o o H th
a e
”
a r c z, o .
,
-
. e re e

ph l l i c m
a n i ng i u n m i t ak b l e
ea Th n ak s th t an f m d p i nc
s a . e s e as e r s or e r e

in t h f i y t l h th m m an i ng S R ikl in : W i h F u lfil m nt “
e a r a e as e sa e e . ee s e

an d S ym b l i m in F a i y T l o s r a es .

A p at i nt h ad t h p h nt y t h t h w a a
e p e nt w h i c h c i l d
e a as a s e s se r o e

a ro und t h m th an d fi n a l ly c
e o p t i nt he er re o r .

Th p nt f E p i d au u i in c nt a t
e se r e o nd w d w i th h a l i ng p w e r s s, o r s , e o e e o r .

S im il ia s imil ib us .

Th i s B l ul e er h as d i g n at d
es e as A m b i a l nc v e e or am b i t n d ncy e e .

S t e ke l as B i po -
l a i tyr of al l ps yc h i c ph n m na e o e
”
(
“
S p ch d ra e es
T r au m e s,
”
p .

I am i d bt d
n e e fo r p e rm ss i i on to pu bl i sh a p i ct u re of t h s i st at ue t t e

to t he k i nd n e ss of th e re t o r di c of the V e ro n e s e c l l ct i
o e on o f a nt iq ue s .

T he
“
D l e ug e is o f o ne n at u r e w it h the s e r p e nt . In t he W Ol usp a
it is s a t h at id
fl d i p d u c d w h n t h M i d g a d p nt i u p
th e oo s ro e e e r se r e r se s

i l d t uc t i n H i c a l l d J ti m ung an d w h i c h m an
fo r u n v e rs a es r o . e s e
“
r r,
”
e s,
l i l ly
t era ,
“
al l p
th e a d i n g w lf T h d t y i ng F n i w lf h a -
l e rv o . e e s ro e r s o s a so
a c nn c t i n w i t h t h
o e F n i f u n d in F n l i
o (M al ) th e se a . e s o e sa r e e rs e , e
d w l l i ng f F i g g and i g i n l ly m ant
e o ( F b ni u I b i d p
r or a e se a ro e s:
f R d R i d i ng H d a w lf i
, .
, ,

I n t h f ai y t i e r u b t i t ut d in p l ac
s or e s o e oo , o s s s e e
o f a s e rp e nt or fi sh .

C o m p a re the l o ng n g i of H o l d e rl in in h is p o e m
e x p re s s e E mpe do d
cl es .
”
Al so the j o u rn e ll Z y to he of a r at h u st r a t h ro u h t h e
g r at e r o f t h e c
vo lc an D at h o . e i ths nt a nc i e e r e nt o t h e m o t h e r , t h e re o r e t h e
g p t an f E y i
k i ng M yk i n , er o s, bu i d hi d r e s a u g h t e r in a g e w o o e n c ow h at i ld d d T.

w a s t h e g u a r a nt e e o re r f b i th . T h e c o w st o o d
in a st a t e ap art m e nt an d
sa r c i fic b
e s w e re ro u g h t t o it . I n a no t h e r ap art m e nt n e ar t h e c o w w e re
l c d i c c bi
p a e t h e m ag e s o f t h e o n u ne s o f e r no s M yk i
( e ro o t u s, , p 1 2 9 ) H d II . f .

°8
K l ug D ut ch E tym l g i e : e s e o o e .
5 6 2 I N D EX

Cy rano de B e rg e ra c , 43 ,
60 , 1 1 9, F r anc i s of A i i 97 ss s ,

31 7 F raz e r (
“
G ld n o e
3 67 ,
47 8
D ctyl i
a ,
1 32 F re u d S i g m un d
, 3 5 , 37 , ,
1 2, 2 6, 2 9,
D th f
ea ,
e a r o f, 3 0 4 , 4 34 6 7 , 7 1 , 7 3, 8 1 , 1 3 3 , 1 3 9 . 1 5 1 ,
p h an t a s i e s, 1 1 7 1 8 9, 2 3 2, 2 8 1 , 3 67 , 4 2 1
, 4 59
l
v o u nt a r42 3 y i nt e rp re t at o n o f t h e re a m , 3 i d
L
,

i
w sh fo r, 3 2 0 , 4 1 9
“
e o n ar o d a n , 7 d Vi c i
D i c
e m e nt a p rae o x , 1 4 1 , 1 59 , 4 6 1 so u r e o f t h e c re am , 9 d
D i y
e st n o f m an, 39 0 , 4 2 7 F b i
ro e n u s, 2 37 , 2 7 5 , 2 8 0 , 4 3 6

D e u sse n, 4 1 5 , 4 6 6
Di i c
et er h , 37 6 , 4 50 G al i l eo, 1 46
Di b i
sm e m e rm e n t , m o t v e o f, 2 6 7 G i l g am e sh , 3 65
Di l c d y i c c i i y
sp a e rh t h m a t v t , 1 60 G o d, as c re at o r an d d e st ro y e r,
D ic i
o m e st a t o n o f m an , 2 6 7 , 3 0 4 a s sun, 1 27

D g p yc h l g i c m ni
ra o n, s o o ea ng , 40 2 ,
“
b c m i ng n
e o o e w th, i ”
96
4 10 c uc i fi d 2 9 5
r e ,

D m re a ly i 9 , an a s s, f e t i l i i ng 3 4 8
r z ,

i nt p t t i n f 8
er re a o o ,
l ov e f o ,
20 0

N i t ch 8
e zs e, 2 o f c at i n 6 9 re o , , 3 94
re
g i n 6re ss o , 2 v s. e ro t i c 94 ,

se x u al a au l t ss ,
1 0 G thoe e, 41 7
se x u a l l ang u ag e o f, 4 33 G u nk l e , 28 6
so u c r ef 9 o ,

s ym b l i m 8 2
o s , ,
1 ,
2 33 H and t i c u se
,
fe ro o ,
1 76
D w 47
re s, 1 ym b l i m f 2 6
s o s o ,
0
D l re x e r,
75 2 H a t m nn 9 8
r a ,
1

H au p t m an n G h a t ,
er r , 3 30
E l in i n m y t i 3 7 3
e us a s e r e s, H c t my t i
e a e, f s er es o 40 3
H i
,

E m m i c h K th i 3
er a e r ne , 22 e ne , 353
H li
,

Em r 6
an, 10 e o s, 9 6, 1 1 0 , 22 1

E tic f t
ro 7 a e, 1 1 H d i n t i nc t 2
er s ,
01
i m p i 54 6 7
re ss o n, , H e ro ,
3 9 2 2,
37 9 1 1 , 00 ,
E biu se f Al nd i
us o 4 ex a r a, 1 1 a w nd
s 23a e re r, 1
E l t i n 44
vo u o ,
1 b t ay a l f 3 8
e r o ,

b i th f 3 56
r o ,

F i y t l i nt p t t i n f
a r a e s, er re a o o , 28 1 p yc h l g i c m ani ng
s o o e ,
1 35
F m i ly p t i f m 344
a ,
se ar a on ro , c i fic f 4 5 2
sa r e o ,

F t i g 3 69
as n , t l l g i c a l m ani ng
e eo o e , 347
F th 6 9 8 93
a e r, 2, , 2 H d t u 2 90
e ro o s,

Im g 55 a o, H g e rz o 40 8
H i d
,

f
t r a ns e r e n e ,71 c es o ,
1 47

F au st , 68 , 8 8 , 1 30 , 1 81 , 23 1 , 24 5 , H i aw at h a , s o ng o f,
346
2 50 , 2 8 3 . 3 0 5 , 34 9 H ie ro sg am o s, 2 7 4 , 3 7 6
F e ar, as f b i ddor en d i
e s re , 38 9 H fi l d e r l in, 1 8 2 , 4 3 5, 4 3 6, 4 3 7 . 440 ,
F e re nc z i, 4 7 , 1 4 6 44 2 , 44 3, 444 , 44 5 . 44 8 , 4 52
F G li l
e r r e ro , ug e m o , 34 H o m o sex u a h t y , 34
Fi ck i
n g e r su ng , 1 7 7 H o n e g g e r, 1 0 8 , 1 54
Fi du i 3 5
r s ,
1 H b ld
um o t , 34 9
Fi re,n ni t i c ph
o a s a se o f, 1 74 Hy ic i i
p n ag o g v s o n, 1 9 7

p re p a r at i f 63 o ns o ,
1 ,
1 65, 1 72
se x u a l i g ni fi c c
s an e , 1 67 , 1 72 I d i d p d nc
e a, n e en e e o f, 84
Fi m icu 37 9 4
r s, ,
1 9 I l i d 74
a , 2
Fl u n y 37
o r o , I m g F th 5 5
a o, a e r,
F anc A n t l
r e, a o e, 1 5, 3 7 I m m t l i ty 7 4
or a ,
22 ,
27
 I N D EX

I nc e st b a r r e r, i 7 2 , 1 0 0 , 2 66, 4 58 , 4 6 1 Li f f e, f 335 e ar o ,

p h a nt a s 3 6 3 , 40 4 y n t l c nc p t i
a ura o e on o f, 34 3
Li l i t h 7 9
, ,

bl
p r o e m , 1 7 1 , 1 9 5 , 2 3 0 , 2 50 , 2 8 9, 2
L g 63
,

3 64 , 4 54 . 4 6 3 o o s,

I c c
n e st u o u s o m p o ne nt , 1 7 2 L mb
o ro so , 2 1 2

I d d c b l
n epen en e, at t e fo r, 3 44 L g f l l w H i w th
on e o
’
s
“
a a a,
”
34 6
I f ili
n an t sm , 3 1 9 , 43 1 , 4 7 9 L d S pp 3 7
or
’
s u e r, 2

I n m a n, 1 8 4 , 2 3 6 L ov e ,93 1

I j ci
n t r o e t o n, 1 4 6 i f t i l 43
n an e, 1

I i
n t ro v e r s o n, 3 7 , 50 , 9 8 , 1 9 3 , 20 1 ,
L ci
u 6
u s, 1 0

3 2 9, 3 67 , 4 1 5
ic l
hy st e r a , 1 5 1 M c bi
a ro 6 3 4 us, 22 1

M d 6
,

ill d
w e , 336 ae e r,

Ii s s, 9 6 , 2 64 M l i ck 64
ae t e r n
M g d b g M ch th i l d
.
,

a e ur ,
e v o n, 1 90 ,
J ae h n s 31 1 3 4 1

M ili
,

J am e s, Wi l l i am , 2 1 an 8 u s, 1 2
J ane t , Pi e rre , 1 42 M y 83 3
ar 2 02
M hw G pl f9
, ,

J e n se n , 22 5 at t e os e o 2
M ic 97
, ,

J e w W a n d e ri ng 21 5, 22 5 au r e, 2
M th
, ,

Jo b B o o k o f 5 8 60 , 6 8 , 3 2 6 au F 9 n e r, r an z , 1

M y 83
, , ,

Jo d L 1 7 a a, 2

J el K arl
o 3 60 M y Rb
a e r, 38 o e rt , 1

M d 9
, ,

J n 6
o e s, ea 1 0

M li
,

e t o n, 1 1
3
K hp ih d
at o an s a 1 30 M h k w ki 4 3
e re sc o s 0

K pl M i h 79
, ,

e 5 e r, 2 e ss a
Kl g 4 9 Mil l Mi F k 4
,

u e, 0 e r, ss ra n 1

K
,

6
o r a n, 21 Mil t o n,
5 2
K h A d lb t
u n, a er ,
1 62 M i d ch i c t d c i
n , ar a en en e s, 35
K u lp e , 2 1 i f i l 36
n ant e,
Mi h t r a,
4 7 1 0 ,
1 1 0, 21 ,
22 1 ,
2 4 5,
L a ist n e r, 2 8 1 2 7 8 . 2 9 3,
3 7 2 , 4 50 , 4 7 I
L aj a rd , 2 2 9 M it h rac ism , 7 8 , 8 2 , 8 5, 8 9 , 9 6, 101 ,

L i
am a, 2 8 0 1 0 8 , 2 2 1 , 2 2 5, 2 69 , 3 1 4
L g g 5
an ua e, 1 M o ra l
au t o no m , 2 62 y
S p ch 6
vs . ee 1 M o t h e r, 9 8 , 2 3 0 , 2 4 1 , 2 8 3

L g d J d 37
,

e en s, u as, h e av e n s a s, 3 0 1 , 4 5 6
L cl N i d 4
en o s, no n e, im g 5 3 3a o, 2 0, 0 31 9
Li b i d
,

47 6 7 7 o, 20 , , .
1 . 7 8. 94 , 9 6, l i b i d 4 69 4 7 4 o, ,

l g i ng f 3 3 5
on o r. , 3 7 1 , 42 8
as h e ro , 4 1 7 l ov e, 3 38
d fi ii
e n t o n o f,
35 1 o f h m i ty
u an , 20 1
d c i p t i c nc p t i o n
es r ve o e ,
1 44 t e rr i bl 9 6 e, 1 ,
20 2 , 24 3 , 2 67 , 280 ,
d u al i
e se x d 49 ze ,
1 3 64 , 40 5
g n t i c c nc p t i n
e e 44 o e o ,
1 f nc 7
t r an s e re e, 1
in ii
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