INTERCULTURAL

COMMUNICATION
AULA 02
 SUMMARY
SUMMARY
01. Warm-Up

02. Review Actitvity

03. Content

04. Homework
Warm
Up
 REVIEW
"Do you know what I mean?"
The Four Principles
of Intercultural
Communication:
The lessons learned from the early sections
teaches us to take up certain principles for being
effective and successful in future intercultural
interactions. The basic principles of intercultural
communication are as follows.
 1. LANGUAGE, CULTURE,
LINGUACULTURE

The process of globalization is characterized

by growing frequency of intercultural
encounters, which gives rise of
communication failures. Analysis of failures
sheds light on the following facts:
LANGUAGE, CULTURE,
LINGUACULTURE
1) national languages are full
of so far unspecified culture
bound features,
2) verbal communication is
accompanied by culture-
specific nonverbal signals,
often misundestood by the
unprepared counterparts.
By these reasons the dialogue
between the representatives of
different cultures might change
into a "minefield" of
communicative failures. That is
why during the period of
globalization the concept and
discipline of intercultural
communication becomes
prevalent. The growing number
of communication failures gives
also importance to research of
nonverbal channels.
 GAME TIME:
"WIRELESS PHONE"
A Failure to Communicate
Gestures Around the World
 How
miscommunic
ation happens
 2. INTERCULTURAL
MEDIATION

All kinds of interaction between the representatives of different linguacultures

are treated as intercultural mediation. The prototypical forms of intercultural
mediation are translating and interpreting. Translators and interpreters
mediate between different linguacultures and their representatives. When
foreign (e. g. Hungarian and American) speakers communicate in a shared
language (e. g. English) it is also a form of intercultural mediation, since the
interlocutors are the mediators between their own linguacultures.
 2. INTERCULTURAL
MEDIATION

The same applies to tourist guides conducting tours for foreigners.

Since speaking in lingua francas means mediating between
linguacultures, speakers have to provide explicite and relevant
utterances for adequate perception.
 3. CHANNELS OF
COMMUNICATION

The verbal channel is mostly conscious (but sometimes

uncoscious) way of communication. Verbal communication
refers to the the form of communication in which message is
transmitted by word of mouth and a piece of writing. The
objective of every communication is to have people understand
what we are trying to convey. When we talk to others, we
assume that others understand what we are saying because we
know what we are saying. But this is not always the case.
Usually people bring their own attitude, perception, emotions
and thoughts about the topic and hence creates barrier in
delivering the right meaning.
 3. CHANNELS OF
COMMUNICATION

The non-verbal channel is mostly uncoscious (but sometimes

conscious) way of communication, called by "E- Hall" or "The
Silent Language". Non-verbal communication is the sending or
receiving of wordless messages. Communication other than
oral and written, such as gesture, body language, posture,
tone of voice or facial expressions, is called nonverbal
communication. Non-verbal communication is all about the
body language of speaker. Nonverbal communication helps
receiver in interpreting the message.
 3. CHANNELS OF
COMMUNICATION

Often, nonverbal signals reflects the situation more accurately

than verbal messages. Sometimes nonverbal response
contradicts verbal communication and hence affect the
effectiveness of message. Nonverbal communication have the
following three elements: the speaker's appearance: clothing,
hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics; surrounding: room size,
lighting, decorations, furnishings; facial expressions, gestures,
postures, voice tone, volume, speech rate.
The Importance of Non-verbal Cues as
told by "Friends"
 3. CHANNELS OF
COMMUNICATION

People express meaning not just in what they say but

in the way they say it. The nonverbal features employed by a
speaker provide nuanced meaning, communicate attitudes
and convey emotion. Nonverbal features alert the listener as
to how to interpret the message. Many of these features are
culturally coded and inherent in verbal communication, often
at a subconscious level. For example, a normal volume of
speaking in the United States is perceived as aggressive in
many other societies. Often, though, people consciously utilize
paralanguage.
 GLOSSÁRIO
al c o m m u n ic a ti o n th a t allows
la n g u a g e is a fo rm o f nonverb
Para e s through
eir s p o k e n u tt e ra n c
to a d d la y e rs o f m e a n ing to th
people
f sp e e c h , o r th e w a y th ey say
u la ti o n o f th e manner o
th e m an ip
a n c e o f m ea n in g th ro u gh
la n g u a g e re fe rs to th e convey
things. Para r "w ell")
h a s "h u h ," "h m m ," o
e x ica l to k e n s (o r n o n -w ords, suc
non-l u nd of
th m , s tr e s s , a n d so
q u a liti e s o f pro s o d y (o r the rhy
such as o nv e yed
tic com m u n ic a ti on a re c
a ri o u s a s p e c ts o f lin g uis
speech). V e m es),
g u a g e , lik e w o rd s (l ex
ug h d if fe re n t c o m po n e nts of lan
thro o n o logy).
tic s ), a n d so u n d (p h
a tic a l str u c tu re (m o rp h osyntac
gramm
PARALANGUAGE
 4. SUBCONSCIOUS ELEMENTS
IN COMMUNICATIVE
BEHAVIOUR

When people speak to people in other cultures, sometimes

language is one of the barriers to communicating. However, even
when people are speaking the same language, cultural differences
may affect the way they communicate. These differences may be
seen in people's verbal and nonverbal communication styles.
Culture can affect the facial expressions that people use as well
as the way they interpret the facial expressions of others. In the
United States, for example, smilling can indicate that people are
friendly and approachable. In Japanese culture, however, people
are expected not to smile because smilling at strangers is seen as
inappropriate - particularly for women.
 4. SUBCONSCIOUS ELEMENTS
IN COMMUNICATIVE
BEHAVIOUR

Eye contact can show an interest in another person and

attentiveness to a message. In some cultures, making a lot
of eye contact conveys honesty, while avoiding eye contact
is seen as shifty and dishonest. Other cultures, however,
have the opposite view of eye contact. These cultures
believe that making a lot of eye contact is insulting and a
sign of aggression; people in these cultures will show that
they're paying attention to another person by glancing at
them only occasionally.
 4. SUBCONSCIOUS ELEMENTS
IN COMMUNICATIVE
BEHAVIOUR

Speaking can be formal or informal depending on

cultural norms. Informal cultures assume that everyone is
equal, so people in these cultures speak the same way to
everyone. In more formal cultures, it is assumed that there
is a hierarchy among people and they are expected to a
follow certain protocols depending to whom they are
talking.
 4. SUBCONSCIOUS ELEMENTS
IN COMMUNICATIVE
BEHAVIOUR

The way people touch one another may depend upon

whether they are a contact culture or a noncontact culture.
In contact cultures, people are expected to touch each
other when they're speaking and stand close to each other.
In noncontact cultures, this type of touching is seen as
inappropriate, pushy and aggressive. In these cultures,
people rarely touch one another and tend to stand farther
apart (see: Communication Styles).
Kids Share Their Cultural Tradition
CLASS
TASK
 We are
almost
finishing...
Now let's talk
about
homework!