Intensive Notes Maths MC 36-40

1
數學皇牌速成班
Series Two MC36-40
作者 | Timothy Yu
出版 | Lab Edu Limited
版權為 Lab Edu Limited 所擁有
Mathematics Core Paper 2 -
Intensive Course
數學必修部分卷二 - 精讀課程
Ver. 2020 2012-2020

CONTENT
目錄
MC 36 - Probability - Basic | 概率 - 基礎 06
Concept Explainer | 概念解釋 07
In-class Exercises | 課堂示範 08
After-class Exercises | 課後練習 12
MC 37 - Probability - Advance | 概率 - 進階 25
MC 38 - Permutation & Combination | 排列與組合 36

MC 39 - Standard Score | 標準分 52

MC 40 - Statistics - Change of Data Set | 統計學 - 數據轉變 60

MC 36 - Probability - Basic | 概率 - 基礎
A) Probability with or without replacement | 概率可重覆或不可重覆

B) Expected Value | 期望值
C) Counting from a data set | 從數據組計算
Year 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Type A A A C A/B B/C A A A/C
Q No. 28 28 28 28 28/29 27/28 27 26 27/28
% 54% 66% 50% 84% 58%/69% 48%/84% 76% 42% 50%/59%
難度 : 2
CP 值 : 7.4
Answers of in-class exercises | 課堂示範答案

1. D 2. D 3.D 4. D
Answers of after-class exercises | 課後練習答案

1. D 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. C 10. D
11. D 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. B 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. C 20. B
21. C
6
Concept Explainer | 概念解釋
1. Probability 概率 : Favorable outcomes 所求事件

Total outcomes 所有事件
Example 例題
Two numbers are randomly drawn at the same time from seven cards
numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively. Find the probability that the
product of the numbers drawn is an odd number.
從七張分別記有數字 1、2、3、4、5、6 及 7 的紙卡中，隨機同時抽出兩個數字。
求抽出數字之積為奇數的概率。
Solution 題解
兩個數都要是單 ( 奇 ) 數
4 3
#
7 6
2
=
7
2. Expected value = sum of each outcome times it’ s occur probability

期望值 = 每個可能結果乘結果發生的概率之和
Example 例題
There are two $5 coins and three $1 coins in a wallet. Find the expected
value if we take out one coin.
皮包中有 2 個 $5 硬幣及 3 個 $1 硬幣，求抽出一個硬幣的期望值。
Solution 題解
2 3
$5 # + $1 #
2+3 2+3
= $2.6
7
附影片解說
2015 Q28 參考概念題目
1. In the bar chart, it shows the distribution of the number of watches owned by some
students. Find the probability 概率 that a randomly selected student from the class
owns 3 watches.
Number of watches owned by the students
A. 1 12
4
10
B. 1
6 8
1
Frequency
C. 6
9
4
D. 1
10 2
0
0 1 2 3
Number of watches
8
附影片解說
2. In a game, two fair dice are thrown. If the product 積 of the two numbers thrown is
12, $180 will be gained; otherwise, $36 will be gained. Find the expected gain of the
game.
A. $ 10
B. $ 20
C. $ 44
D. $ 52
9
附影片解說
3. There are eight cards numbered 1, 1, 1, 2, 8, 8, 9 and 9 respectively. In a game, two

cards are randomly drawn at the same time from the cards. Find the probability 概率
that the sum of the numbers drawn is 10.
A. 1
8
B. 1
4
C. 1
7
D. 2
7
10
附影片解說
4. In a game, two numbers are randomly drawn 隨機抽出 at the same time from seven
cards numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively. Find the probability 概率 that the
product 積 of the numbers drawn is an even number 偶數 .
A. 32
49
B. 37
49
C. 3
7
D. 5
7
11
課後練習
1. The bar chart below shows the distribution of the numbers of watches owned by a
group of students. Find the probability that a randomly selected student from the
class owns 2 watches.
下面的棒形圖顯示某班學生擁有手錶的數目的分佈。求從該班中隨機選出一
名學生擁有 2 隻手錶的概率。
Number of watches owned by the students

學生擁有手錶的數目
6
Frequency 頻數
0
0 1 2 3
Number of watches
手錶數目
A. 1
3
B. 1
6
C. 2
9
D. 3
10
12
課後練習
2. The stem–and–leaf diagram below shows the distribution of height (in cm) of a
group of students in a school. A student is randomly selected from the group. Find
the probability that the selected student is not less than 175 cm ?
下面的幹葉圖顯示某學校內一群學生的身高 ( 以 cm 為單位 ) 的分佈。從該群
學生中隨機選出一名學生。求選出的學生身高不少於 175 cm 的概率 ?
stem (tens) 幹 ( 十位 ) leaf (units) 葉 ( 個位 )

14 1
15 3
16 04668
17 12559
18 348
19 01166
A. 1
2
B. 3
5
C. 9
20
D. 11
20
13
課後練習
3. The table below shows the distribution of the numbers of movies watched by a
group of students last month. A student is randomly selected from the group. Find
the expected numbers of movies watched by the selected student.
表顯示某些學生在上月所觀看電影的數目的分佈。從該群學生中隨機選出一
名學生。求選出的學生上月所觀看電影的數目期望值。
Number of movies watched

1 2 3
所觀看電影的數目
Number of students
21 39 12
學生的數目
A. 1.75
B. 1.875
C. 1.925
D. 2.25
14
課後練習
4. Two numbers are randomly drawn at the same time from eight cards numbered 1,
1, 1, 2, 8, 8, 9 and 9 respectively. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers
drawn is 10.
從八張分別記有數字 1、 1、 1、 2、 8、 8、 9 及 9 的紙卡中，隨機同時抽出
兩個數字。求抽出的數字之和為 10 的概率。
A. 1
8
B. 1
4
C. 1
7
D. 2
7
5. Two numbers are randomly drawn at the same time from seven cards numbered 1,
2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively. Find the probability that the product of the numbers
drawn is an even number.
從七張分別記有數字 1、2、3、4、5、6 及 7 的紙卡中，隨機同時抽出兩個數字。
求抽出數字之積為偶數的概率。
A. 32
49
B. 37
49
C. 3
7
D. 5
7
15
課後練習
I. Probability with or without replacement
6. Mary has one $1 coin, one $2 coin and two $5 coins in her pocket. If Mary takes out
three coins randomly from her pocket, find the probability that she gets at least $11.
美儀的口袋內有一個 $1 硬幣、一個 $2 硬幣及兩個 $5 硬幣。若美儀從她的口
袋中隨機取出三個硬幣，求她取得至少 $11 的概率。
A. 1
2
B. 1
4
C. 3
4
D. 1
6
7. Amy has two $1 coins, two $2 coins and two $10 coins. Peter randomly picks an
integer from $0 to $30. Peter wins if Amy cannot pay that exact amount to Peter.
Find the probability that Peter wins.
艾米有兩枚 $1 硬幣，兩枚 $2 硬幣和兩枚 $10 硬幣。彼得隨機從 $0 到 $30 元
中挑選一個整數。如果艾米不能剛好向彼得支付這筆款項，彼得就贏了。找
到彼得獲勝的概率。
A. 3
10
B. 1
3
C. 9
31
D. 10
31
16
課後練習
8. Throw two fair dice once. Find the probability that the sum of the resulting number
is a multiple of 3 and greater than 6.
投擲兩個均稱骰子一次。求投擲結果的和為 3 的倍數且大於 6 的概率。
A. 1
12
B. 1
9
C. 5
36
D. 1
6
9. Mary has two $1 coins, one $2 coin and two $5 coins in her pocket. If Mary takes
out three coins randomly from her pocket, find the probability that she gets at least
$11.
美儀的口袋內有兩個 $1 硬幣、一個 $2 硬幣及兩個 $5 硬幣。若美儀從她的口
袋中隨機取出兩個硬幣，求她取得至少 $6 的概率。
A. 4
5
B. 3
5
C. 7
10
D. 1
2
17
課後練習
10. Two numbers are randomly drawn at the same time from six cards numbered 1, 2, 3,
4, 5 and 6 respectively. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers drawn is an
even number.
從六張分別記有數字 1、2、3、4、5 及 6 的紙卡中，隨機同時抽出兩個數字。
求抽出數字之和為偶數的概率。
A. 2
3
B. 1
2
C. 3
5
D. 2
5
11. Two cards were drawn at the same time from a deck containing 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9. Find
the probability that the product of the numbers drawn is a multiple of 6.
求抽出的數字之積為 6 的倍數的概率。
A. 1
3
B. 2
5
C. 1
2
D. 3
5
18
課後練習
12. 3 integers are selected at random from 0 to 9 with repetition. What is the probability
that exactly 2 of the selected integers are prime numbers?
從 0 至 9 中隨意選擇 3 個整數，而選擇可以重複。求只有其中 2 次選擇得的
整數是質數的概率。
A. 12
125
B. 4
25
C. 36
125
D. 108
125
13. There are 20 cards numbered from 1 to 20 in a box. A student draws a card at
random from the box. Find the probabilities that the number on the card is a multiple
of 3 or 4.
一個盒子裏有 20 張分別寫上 1 至 20 的卡紙。一名學生從該盒中隨意抽出一張
卡紙，求卡紙上的數字是 3 或 4 的倍數的概率。
A. 2
5
B. 9
20
C. 1
2
D. 11
20
19
課後練習
II. Expected Value
14. Mary has one $1 coin, two $2 coins and two $5 coins in her pocket. If Mary takes
out one coin randomly from her pocket, find the expected value of the coin.
美儀的口袋內有一個 $1 硬幣、兩個 $2 硬幣及兩個 $5 硬幣。若美儀從她的口
袋中隨機取出一個硬幣，求硬幣的期望值。
A. $5
B. $3
C. $2
D. $1
15. Mary has one $1 coin, two $2 coins and one $5 coins in her pocket. If Mary takes
out one coin randomly from her pocket, find the expected value of the coin.
美儀的口袋內有一個 $1 硬幣、兩個 $2 硬幣及一個 $5 硬幣。若美儀從她的口
袋中隨機取出一個硬幣，求硬幣的期望值。
A. $3
B. $2.5
C. $2
D. $1.5
20
課後練習
16. Two fair dice are thrown in a game. If the product of the two numbers thrown is 12,
$180 will be gained; otherwise, $36 will be gained. Find the expected gain of the
game.
在某遊戲中投擲兩杖均稱骰子。若所擲得的兩數之積為 12，將賺得 $180; 否
則，將賺得 $36。求在該遊戲中所賺得的金額的期望值。
A. $10
B. $20
C. $52
D. $60
17. Throwing two fair dice once. If the product of the result minus the sum of the result
is negative, $18 will be lost; $18 will be gained if positive; otherwise, no gain. Find
the expected amount gained.
投擲兩個均稱骰子一次。如果投擲結果的積減投擲結果的和為負值，則損失
$18; 如果為正，則獲得 $18：否則，沒有收益。求獲得金額的期望值。
A. $6.5
B. $6.75
C. $7
D. $7.5
21
課後練習
18. Two cards are drawn randomly from a deck containing 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9. If the sum of
the two numbers drawn is greater than 7, $5 will be gained; smaller than 7, $6 will
be lost; otherwise, no gain. Find the expected gain.
若抽出的數字之和大於 7，會獲得 $5; 小於 7 則失去 $6; 否則，沒有收益。求
獲得金額的期望值。
A. 2
-
15
B. 2
3
C. 4
3
D. 26
15
22
課後練習
III. Counting from data set
19. The bar chart shows the distribution of the numbers of books read by a group
of students last month. A student is randomly selected from the group. Find the
probability that the student read 2 books last month.
下面的棒形圖顯示一群學生上月閱讀書本的數目的分佈。從該群中隨機選出
一名學生。求該名學生上月閱讀兩本書的概率。
Distribution of the numbers of books read by a group of

students last month
該群學生上月閱讀書本的數目的分佈
4
Number of students
3
學生數目
0
0 1 2 3 4
Number of books
書本數目
A. 2
9
B. 1
5
C. 2
11
D. 1
6
23
課後練習
20. The stem–and–leaf diagram below shows the distribution of the scores (in marks) of
a group of students in a test. A student is randomly selected from the group. Find the
probability that the student gets at least 25 marks.
下面的幹葉圖顯示某群學生在一測驗中得分 ( 以分為單位 ) 的分佈。從該群中
隨機選出一名學生。求該名學生最少得 25 分的概率。
11 stem (tens) 幹 ( 十位 ) leaf (units) 葉 ( 個位 )

A.
16 0 5678
11 1 5568
B.
20 2 355699
13 3 001
C.
20 4 025
D. 13
25
21. The stem–and–leaf diagram below shows the distribution of the weights (in kg) of
the students in a basketball club. A student is randomly selected from the club. Find
the probability that the weight of the student is more than 52 kg.
下面的幹葉圖顯示籃球學會的同學的體重 ( 以 kg 為單位 )。從該學會中隨機選
出一名學生。求該名學生體重超過 52 kg 的概率。
A. 9 stem (tens) 幹 ( 十位 ) leaf (units) 葉 ( 個位 )

19
4 0233339
B. 11 5 1122379
19
6 3589
C. 9 7 89
20
D. 11
20
24
MC 37 - Probability - Basic | 概率 - 進階
Year 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Steps 3 Infinite 3 2 3
Q No. 43 43 43 44 44
% 47% 26% 59% 52% 56%
難度 : 3
CP 值 : 2.4

1. D 2. C 3.D 4. B

1. A 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. C
25
Additional Law & Multiplication Law 加法定律和乘法定律
Additional law: use between different events.

Multiplication law: use in the same event.
加法定律 : 用於不同事件
乘法定律 : 用於同一事件
Example 例題
One letter is chosen at random from each of the words “TALK” and “TELL”. Find the
probability that the two letters chosen are different.
從「TALK」及「TELL」這兩個字裏，各隨機選出一個字母。求選出兩個不同字母的概率。
Solution 題解
Two letters chosen are different 兩個不同字母的概率
= 1 – the probability that the two letters are the same 兩個相同字母的概率 (TT and LL)
= 1 - b 1 # 1 + 1 # 2 l = 13
4 4 4 4 16
Remark 備注
Sum to infinity 無限項之和
a
a + ar + ar 2 + ar 3 + ... = S (3) =
1-r
^ -1 1 r 1 1 h
26
附影片解說
1. The probability 概率 of Tracy throwing a dart and hitting the target is 0.6. If Tracy
throws the dart 3 times, find the probability that she hits the target at most 2 times.
A. 0.44
B. 0.352
C. 0.432
D. 0.784
27
附影片解說
2. There are three questions in a test. The probabilities that Dan answers the first
question correctly, the second question correctly and the third question correctly
are 1 , 1 and 1 respectively. Find the probability that Dan answers at most 1
2 3 4
question correctly in the test.
A. 1
4
B. 11
24
C. 17
24
D. 3
4
28
附影片解說
3. Six cards numbered 1, 1, 2, 3, 3 and 3 respectively are placed in a bag. Peter repeats
drawing one card at a time randomly from the box without replacement until the
number drawn is 3. The probability that he needs exactly four draws is
A. 1
2
B. 1
6
C. 1
16
D. 1
20
29
附影片解說
4. Ann and Mary take turns to throw a fair die until one of them gets a number ‘1’ or ‘4’.
Mary throws the die first. Find the probability that Ann gets a number ‘4’.
A. 1
2
B. 1
5
C. 1
9
D. 3
10
30
課後練習
1. When Mary throws a dart, the probability that she hits the target is 0.8. If Mary
throws the dart 3 times, find the probability that she hits the target at most 1 time.
A 當瑪莉擲一飛鏢時，她擲中目標的概率為 0.8。若瑪莉擲該飛鏢 3 次，求她
擲中目標至多 1 次的概率。
A. 0.04
B. 0.096
C. 0.104
D. 0.116
2. There are three questions in an exam. The probabilities that Tom answers the first
question correctly, the second question correctly and the third question correctly are
1 , 1 and 1 respectively. The probability that Tom answers at most 2 question

2 3 4
correctly in the test is
某考試共設三題。湯答對第一題、答對第二題及答對第三題的概率分別為 1
2
、 1 及 1 。湯在該比賽中答對至多 2 題的概率為
3 4
A. 1
4
B. 11
24
C. 13
24
D. 3
4
31
課後練習
2. A box contains six cards numbered 1, 1, 2, 2, 3 and 3 respectively. Sam repeats

drawing one card at a time randomly from the box without replacement until the
number is 1. Find the probability that he needs exactly three draws.
某盒子中有六張卡，該六張卡分別記有數字 1、1、2、2、3 及 3。小強從該盒
子中隨機重複取卡，每次只取出一張且不放回該盒子中，直至取出的數字是 1
為止。求他需要取卡恰好三次的概率。
A. 1
3
B. 1
5
C. 1
12
D. 1
16
4. Anna and May take turns to throw a fair die until one of them gets a number ‘2’ or ‘5’.
May throws the die first. Find the probability that Anna gets a number ‘2’.
小安及小美輪流投擲一枚均稱骰子，直至其中一人擲得點數「2」或「5」為止。
小美首先投擲該骰子。求小安擲得點數「2」的概率。
A. 1
2
B. 1
5
C. 1
9
D. 3
10
32
課後練習
5. Ann and Mary take turns to throw a fair die until one of them gets a number ‘1’ or ‘4’.
Mary throws the die first. Find the probability that Ann gets a number ‘4’.
小安及小美輪流投擲一枚均稱骰子，直至其中一人擲得點數「1」或「4」為止。
小美首先投擲該骰子。求小安擲得點數「4」的概率。
A. 1
2
B. 1
5
C. 1
9
D. 3
10
6. Two numbers are drawn without replacement from the four numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4
to form a 2–digit number. The first number drawn is the tenth digit and the second
number is the unit digit. Find the probability that the number formed is a prime
number.
從四個數字 1、2、3 和 4 中抽取兩個數字，每次只取出一張且不放回，以組
成一個兩位數的數字。第一個抽出數字是十位數，第二個抽出數字是個位數。
求組成的數字是質數的概率。
A. 1
2
B. 5
12
C. 1
3
D. 1
4
33
課後練習
7. A bag contains 4 black balls, 3 white balls and 1 red ball. John keeps on drawing one
ball randomly from the bag without replacement until the red ball is drawn. Find the
probability that he needs at most 3 draws.
一個袋子內有 4 個黑球，3 個白球和 1 個紅球。約翰從袋子中隨機抽出一個球
且不放回袋子，直到抽到紅色球。求他最多需要抽 3 次的概率。
A. 1
8
B. 1
9
C. 3
8
D. 169
512
8. A box contains 8 eggs, of which 2 are rotten. If 2 eggs are chosen at random, find the
probability that at least one egg is rotten.
一個盒裝著 8 個雞蛋，其中 2 個已經爛了。如果隨機選擇 2 個雞蛋，求至少一
個是爛的雞蛋的概率。
A. 13
28
B. 9
16
C. 7
16
D. 3
7
34
課後練習
9. There are 4 black balls and 1 white ball in the bag. John and Peter take turns in
drawing a ball without replacement from the bag randomly until the white ball is
drawn. If John draws a ball first, find the probability that he gets the white ball.
袋子裡有 4 個黑球和 1 個白球。約翰和彼得輪流從袋子里抽球，直到白球被
抽出。如果約翰先抽一個球，求他抽到白球的概率。
A. 1
B. 1
2
C. 3
4
D. 3
5
10. In a lucky game, the probability of winning the game is 1 . John and Mary take
10
turns in playing the game until one of them win. If John plays the game first, find the
probability that John will win the game.
在一個靠運氣的比賽中，贏得比賽的概率是。約翰和瑪麗輪流玩這個遊
1
10
戲，直到他們中的一個贏。如果約翰先玩這個遊戲，求約翰贏得比賽的概率。
A. 1
10
B. 1
2
C. 10
19
D. 91
100
35
MC 38 - Permutation & Combination | 排列與組合
A) Counting, form groups and line–up | 計數 , 分組 & 排隊

B) Probability, form groups and line–up | 概率 , 分組 & 排隊
Year 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Type A/B B A A B/A A A A A
Q No. 42/43 42 42 42 42/43 43 43 44 43
% 61%/56% 65% 51% 71% 55%/51% 51% 67% 64 % 52%
難度 : 2
CP 值 : 6.5

1. D 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. D

1. C 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C
11. D 12. A 13. B 14. D
36
Permutation 排列 : P rn = n!
^ n - r h!
Find the total number of different results (consider order) when we choose r
objects from n objects.
從 n 個選擇中選出 r 個，共有多少不同排列 ( 考慮次序 )
Example 例題
How many three digit numbers can we form by using 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
without repetition?
從 1、2、3、4 及 5 中選出 3 個不同的數字可組合成多少個不同的三位數。
Solution 題解
P 35 = 60
2. Combination 組合 : C nr = n!
^ n - r h !r!
Find the total number of different results (not consider order) when we
choose r objects from n objects.
從 n 個選擇中選出 r 個，共有多少不同組合 ( 不考慮次序 )
Example 例題
A committee of 4 people is selected from 12 students, how many different
committees could be formed?
從 12 名學生中選出 4 名學會幹事，問共有多少種不同的學生組合 ?
Solution 題解
C 12
4 = 495
The difference between permutation and combination is that permutation

counts order but combination does not.
排列與組合的分別在於排列會計算次序而組合不會。
37
附影片解說
1. A queue is formed by 6 boys and 7 girls. Given that the girls must not stand together,
find the number of different queues can be formed.
A. 7
B. 5 040
C. 518 400
D. 3 628 800
38
附影片解說
2. A queue is formed by 4 boys and 3 girls. If the girls must not stand together, find the
number of how many different queues can be formed.
A. 24
B. 576
C. 1 440
D. 2 880
39
附影片解說
3. There are 9 boys and 8 girls in a class. If 4 students of the same gender are chosen to
form a team, then the number of different teams can be formed is
A. 196
B. 2 380
C. 8 820
D. 5 080 320
40
附影片解說
4. There are 9 boys and 12 girls in a class. If 5 students are chosen to form a team
consists of at most 2 boys for a competition, how many dfferent teams can be
formed?
A. 7 920
B. 12 375
C. 13 167
D. 107 415
41
附影片解說
5. There are 12 boys and 7 girls in a rowing club. A rowing competition requires 4
participants with at most 2 boys per team. How many dfferent teams can be formed?
A. 345
B. 1 841
C. 2 035
D. 3 421
42
附影片解說
6. There are 4 strawberries and 11 blueberries in a basket. If 6 berries are randomly

picked from the basket, find the probability 概率 that at least 4 blueberries are
chosen.
A. 1
7
B. 3
7
C. 5
7
D. 6
7
43
附影片解說
7. 4 blue balls, 5 yellow balls and 6 red balls are placed in a bag. If 7 balls are drawn
randomly at the same time, then find the probability 概率 of getting at most 4 red
balls.
A. 12
143
B. 54
143
C. 89
143
D. 138
143
44
課後練習
1. The serial number of a product consists of two capital letters followed by four digits
from 0 to 9. If the digits of the serial numbers can be repeated but the letters cannot,
how many different serial numbers can be formed?
某產品的序號的首部分由兩個大寫英文字母組成，之後由 4 個由 0 至 9 之間
的數字組成。若序號中的數字可以重複，但字母不能重複，求可能組成的序
號數目。
A. 1 965 600
B. 2 044 224
C. 6 500 000
D. 6 760 000
2. There are 6 parents and 7 children in a playground. If 3 parents and 3 children are
selected to form a team, how many different teams can be formed?
某遊樂場有 6 名家長及 7 名小童。若從該遊樂場中選出 3 名家長及 3 名小童
組成一隊，則可組成多少不同的隊 ?
A. 55
B. 330
C. 700
D. 25 200
45
課後練習
3. There are 10 English books and 12 Mathematics books on a bookcase. 5 English

books and 6 Mathematics books are chosen from the bookcase. How many different
selections of books are there?
書櫃上有 10 本英文書和 12 本數學書。現從書櫃中選取 5 本英文書和 6 本數
學書。求選取書籍的方法的數目。
A. 1 176
B. 11 744
C. 232 848
D. 695 520
I. Counting, form groups and line–up
4. How many five–digit positive integers are there which contain at least one digit ‘5’?
求最少包含一個「5」的五位正整數的數目。
A. 30 952
B. 32 456
C. 37 512
D. 38 144
46
課後練習
5. How many distinct three–letter passwords can be formed by using the letters in the
word ‘SNAP’ with repetition?
從詞語「SNAP」中選取三個字母組成密碼，而字母可重複使用，求可組成的
密碼的數目。
A. 4
B. 12
C. 48
D. 64
6. 3 distinct science books, 4 distinct computer books and 5 distinct chemistry books
are to be put in a row on a bookshelf. How many different arrangements are there if
the books of the same subject must be put together?
把 3 本不同的科學書籍、4 本不同的電腦書籍和 5 本不同的化學書籍放在書架
的同一行。若相同科目的書籍須放在一起，求放置書籍的方法的數目。
A. 680
B. 3 680
C. 13 680
D. 103 680
47
課後練習
7. There are 14 runners in the first round of a running competition. The three fastest
runners can enter the next round. How many different possible groups of runners can
enter the next round?
14 名跑手參與一場跑步比賽的初賽，首三名最快的跑手可以進入下一輪比賽。
求能進入下一輪比賽的跑手組合的數目。
A. 64
B. 184
C. 364
D. 2 184
8. A set of coloured pencils contains 8 different colours, including black and grey. How
many ways are there to select 4 coloured pencils such that the black and the grey one
are not included?
一套顏色鉛筆包含黑及灰共 8 種不同顏色。若從中選取 4 枝顏色鉛筆，且不
選取黑色及灰色，求選取顏色鉛筆的方法的數目。
A. 6
B. 15
C. 28
D. 70
48
課後練習
9. There are 10 English books and 12 Mathematics books on a bookcase. 5 English

books and 6 Mathematics books are chosen from the bookcase. It is given that two
specific English books must be chosen together or not chosen together. How many
different selections of books are there?
書櫃上有 10 本英文書和 12 本數學書。現從書櫃中選取 5 本英文書和 6 本數
學書。若其中兩本英文書只可被同時選取或同時不被選取，求選取書籍的方
法的數目。
A. 112
B. 924
C. 51 744
D. 103 488
II. Probability, form groups and line–up
10. There are 12 strawberries on a plate, 4 of them are rotten. If 3 strawberries are taken
randomly, find the probability that exactly one strawberry is rotten.
一隻碟子上有 12 顆草莓，其中 4 顆是腐爛的。若隨意取出 3 顆草莓來吃，求
剛好有一顆草莓是腐爛的概率
A. 13
55
B. 21
55
C. 28
55
D. 32
55
49
課後練習
11. 2 books from 3 different comic books and 5 different story books are taken randomly
on a bookshelf. Find the probabilities that at least one story book is taken.
從書架上 3 本不同的漫畫書和 5 本不同的故事書中隨意取出 2 本。求取出最少
一本故事書的概率。
A. 3
28
B. 5
28
C. 23
28
D. 25
28
12. 3 different red vases and 2 different white vases are arranged in a row at random.
Find the probability that the red vases and the white vases are arranged alternately.
隨意把 3 個不同的紅色花瓶和 2 個不同的白色花瓶排成一行。求紅色花瓶和白
色花瓶交替而放的概率。
A. 0.1
B. 0.2
C. 0.3
D. 0.4
50
課後練習
13. There are 3 pairs of twins. Two persons are selected from them at random. Find the
probability that the two persons selected are twins.
從 3 對雙胞胎中隨意選出 2 人。求選出的 2 人是一對雙胞胎的概率。
A. 0.1
B. 0.2
C. 0.3
D. 0.4
14. 4 apples are taken from 4 green apples and 6 red apples on a table. Find the
probability that no more than 2 green apples are taken.
從 4 個青蘋果和 6 個紅蘋果中選出 4 個蘋果。求選出不多於 2 個青蘋果的概率。
A. 5
42
B. 7
42
C. 35
42
D. 37
42
51
MC 39 - Standard Score | 標準分
Year 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Q No. 44 44 44 44 44
% 45% 72% 78% 78% 57%
難度 : 1
CP 值 : 3.3

1. B 2. D 3. A

1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A
52
Definition | 定義
Standard score: Indicates by how many standard deviations a datum is
above or below the mean
標準分 : 用以表示某數據與平均值相差多少個標準差
Formula | 公式
Standard score (Z) of a data (x) is Z = x - m where m and v is the mean and
v
standard deviation of the data set respectively.
數據 (x) 的標準分 (Z) 為 Z = x - m ，當中 m 及 v 分別為該組數的平均值及標準
v
差。
Example 例題
The standard score of Tom in a Mathematics examination is –3. If the score of
Tom in the Mathematics examination is 42 marks and the mean of the scores
of the Mathematics examination is 60 marks, find the standard deviation of
the scores of the Mathematics examination.
湯姆數學考試的標準分為 –3。若他的數學考試分數為 42 及全班數學考試平均分
為 60，求數學考試分數的標準差。
Solution 題解
42 - 60
-3 = v
-3v = -18
v=6
53
附影片解說
1. The standard score 標準分 of John in a uniform test is –3. If the score of John in
the test and the mean 平均值 of the scores of the test are 28 marks and 40 marks
respectively. Find the standard deviation 標準差 of the scores of the uniform test.
A. 2 marks
B. 4 marks
C. 12 marks
D. 30 marks
54
附影片解說
2. Paul gets 61 marks and his standard score 標準分 is –2 while Susan gets 97 marks
and her standard score is 1 in the final examination. Find the mean 平均值 of the
examination scores.
A. 12 marks
B. 73 marks
C. 76 marks
D. 85 marks
55
附影片解說
3. The difference of the test scores and the difference of the standard scores 標準分 of
two students in a test are 35 marks and 5 respectively. What is the standard deviation
標準差 of the test scores?
A. 7 marks
B. 28 marks
C. 35 marks
D. 42 marks
56
課後練習
1. The standard score of John in a Mathematics examination is –3. If the score of

John in the Mathematics examination is 28 marks and the mean of the scores of the
Mathematics examination is 40 marks, then the standard deviation of the scores of
the Mathematics examination is
約翰在某數學考試的標準分為 –3。若約翰在該數學考試的得分為 28 分且該數
學考試的得分的平均值為 40 分，則該數學考試的得分的標準差為
A. 2 marks
B. 4 marks
C. 12 marks
D. 30 marks
2. In a test, the mean of the test scores is 81 marks. Tom gets 68 marks in the test and
his standard score is –2.6. If Ann gets 62 marks in the test, then her standard score is
在某測驗，測驗得分的平均值為 81 分。小湯在該測驗得 68 分且他的標準分
為 –2.6。若小安在該測驗得 62 分，則她的標準分為
A. –4.2
B. –3.8
C. –2.4
D. 1.2
57
課後練習
3. In an examination, Paul gets 61 marks and his standard score is –2 while Susan gets
97 marks and her standard score is 1. Find the mean of the examination scores.
在某考試，保羅獲得 61 分且他的標準分為 –2，而小麗獲得 97 分且她的標準
分為 1。求考試分數的平均值。
A. 12 marks
B. 73 marks
C. 76 marks
D. 85 marks
4. In a test, the difference of the test scores and the difference of the standard scores of
two students are 35 marks and 5 respectively. In the test, the standard deviation of
the test scores is
在一測驗，某兩學生的測驗得分之差及標準分之差分別為 35 及 5。在該測驗，
測驗得分的標準差為
A. 7 marks
B. 28 marks
C. 35 marks
D. 42 marks
58
課後練習
5. In a test, the difference of the test scores and the difference of the standard scores of
two students are 40 marks and 4 respectively. In the test, the standard deviation of
the test scores is
在一測驗，某兩學生的測驗得分之差及標準分之差分別為 40 及 4。在該測驗，
測驗得分的標準差為
A. 10 marks
B. 30 marks
C. 40 marks
D. 50 marks
59
MC 40 - Statistics - Change of Data Set | 統計學 - 數據轉變
A) Same treatment to all data | 所有數據同時加減

B) Add/remove data from data set | 增加 / 減少一個數據
Year 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012
Type A A A A A B A A B
Q No. 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45
% 50% 56% 51% 48% 50% 26% 57% 37% 36%
難度 : 3
CP 值 : 4.1

1. C 2. A 3.B 4. A 5. B 6. A

1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. B
60
Summary table of changes
Changes +/- a x/÷ b
Measure of central tendency Mean

Mode +/- a x/÷ b
集中趨勢量度 Median
Range
IQR x/÷ b
Measure of dispersion No
SD
離差量度 changes
Variance x/÷ b2
Type A) Distributions
Year Statistics
2013 Variance 方差
2017 Variance 方差 Mode 眾數 IQR 四分位距
2019 Variance 方差 Mean 平均值 Range 分佈域
61
Example 例題
Origin data set 原本數據組 {a1, a2, a3, ..., a100}

New data set 新數據組 {3a1 + 2, 3a2 + 2, 3a3+ 2, ..., 3a100 + 2}
Origin 原本 New 新
Mean
a 3a + 2
平均數
Mode
b 3b + 2
眾數
Median
c 3c + 2
中位數
Range
d 3d
分佈域
Inter-quartile range
e 3e
四分位數間距
Standard deviation
f 3f
標準差
Variance
g 9g
方差
62
附影片解說
1. Given that the variance 方差 of a, b, c and d is 12, then the variance of 2a – 1, 2b – 1,

2c – 1 and 2d – 1 is
A. 12
B. 24
C. 48
D. 144
63
附影片解說
2. Let the variance 方差 of a, b, c and d be 8, then the variance of 1 – 2a, 1 – 2b, 1 – 2c

and 1 – 2d is
A. 32
B. –32
C. 48
D. –48
64
附影片解說
3. Find the variance 方差 of 2x + 1, 2x + 2, 2x + 3, 2x + 4, 2x + 5.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
65
附影片解說
4. Consider an arithmetic sequence 等差數列 . If the variance 方差 of any five

consecutive terms is 200, then the variance of the first five term is
A. 200
B. 400
C. 1000
D. 2000
66
附影片解說
5. Consider a group of numbers {x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., x100 , a1} with a1 , b1 and c1 be the mean
平均值 , median 中位數 and variance 方差 respectively. And consider a group of
numbers {x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., x100} with a2 , b2 and c2 be the mean, median and variance
respectively. Which of the following must be true?
I. a2 = a1
II. b2 ≥ b1
III. c2 ≥ c1
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
67
附影片解說
6 . Consider a group of numbers {x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., x100} with a1 , b1 and c1 be the mean
平均值 , range 分佈域 and variance 方差 respectively. Also, consider a group
of numbers {x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., x100 , x101} with x101 , b2 and c2 be the mean, range and
variance respectively. Which of the following must be true?
I. a1 = x101
II. b1 = b2
III. c1 = c2
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
68
課後練習
I. Same treatment to all data
1. Find the variance of 3x – 3, 3x – 6, 3x – 9, 3x – 13, 3x – 16 and 3x – 19.

求 3x – 3、 3x – 6、 3x – 9、 3x – 13、 x – 16 及 3x – 19 的方差。
A. 11
B. 17
C. 23
D. 31
2. The variance of a, b, c, d and e is 5. Find the variance of 3a + 1, 3b + 1, 3c, 3d + 1

and 3e + 1.
a、 b、 c、 d 及 e 的方差為 5。求 3a + 1、 3b + 1、3c、 3d + 1 及 3e + 1 的方差。
A. 5
B. 15
C. 16
D. 45
69
課後練習
3. Let a, b and c be the mean, range and variance of a set of data respectively. If all
data is added by 2 and then multiply by 3. Which of the following is true?
設 a、 b 及 c 分別為某組數據的平均數、分佈域及方差。若將所有數據加 2 然
後再乘 3。下列何者正確 ? 新平均數為
A. New mean is 新平均數為 2 + 3a
B. New range is 新分佈域為 6 + 3b
C. New variance is 新方差為 9c
D. New variance is 新方差為 9c + 4
4. If the variance of the first 5 terms of an arithmetic sequence is a, then the variance of
the last 5 terms of the arithmetic sequence is
若等差數列首 5 項的方差為 a，則該等差數列最後 5 項的方差為
A. a
B. 5a
C. 5a
D. 25a
70
課後練習
5. Consider a geometric sequence with 10 terms and common ratio is 2. If the variance
of the first 5 terms of the geometric sequence is 3, then the variance of the last 5
terms of the geometric sequence is
考慮一個有 10 個數且公比為 2 的等比數列。若等比數列首 5 項的方差為 3，
則該等比數列最後 5 項的方差為
A. 3
B. 30
C. 96
D. 3072
71
課後練習
II. Add/remove data from data set
6. Let x1 , y1 and z1 be the mean, the mode and the standard deviation of a group of
numbers {a1 , a2 , a3 ,..., a50} respectively while x2 , y2 and z2 be the mean, the mode
and the standard deviation of a group of numbers {a1 , a2 , a3 ,..., a49} respectively. If
x1 = a50 , which of the following must be true?
設 x1、y1 及 z1 分別為某組數 {a1 , a2 , a3 ,..., a50} 的平均值、眾數及標準差，而

x2、y2 及 z2 分別為 {a1 , a2 , a3 ,..., a49} 這組數的平均值、眾數及標準差。若 x1 =
a50，則下列何者必為正確 ?
I. x1 = x2
II. y1 ≥ y2
III. z1 # z2
A. I and II only 只有 I 及 II
B. I and III only 只有 I 及 III
C. II and III only 只有 II 及 III
D. I, II and III I, II 及 III
72
課後練習
7. Let x1 , y1 and z1 be the mean, the range and the median of a group of numbers {a1 , a2
, a3 ,..., a50} respectively while x2 , y2 and z2 be the mean, the range and the median
of a group of numbers {a1 , a2 , a3 ,..., a49} respectively. If x1 = a50 , which of the
following must be true?
設 x1、y1 及 z1 分別為某組數 {a1 , a2 , a3 ,..., a50} 的平均值、分佈域及中位數，而

x2、y2 及 z2 分別為 {a1 , a2 , a3 ,..., a49} 這組數的平均值、分佈域及中位數。若 x1
= a50，則下列何者必為正確 ?
I. x1 = x2
II. y1 = y2
III. z1 # z2
73
課後練習
8. Let m1 , r1 and v1 be the mean, the range and the variance of a group of numbers {x1
, x2 , x3 ,..., x100} respectively while m2 , r2 and v2 be the mean, the range and the
variance of a group of numbers {x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., x100 , m1} respectively, which of the
設 m1、 r1 及 v1 分別為某組數 {x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., x100} 的平均值、分佈域及方差。若

m2、 r2 及 v2 分別為 {x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., x100 , m1} 這組數的平均值、分佈域及方差，
則下列何者必為正確 ?
I. m1 = m2
II. r1 = r2
III. v1 = v2
74
課後練習
9. Let m1 , r1 and v1 be the mean, the median and the variance of a group of numbers
{x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., x500} respectively. If m2 , r2 and v2 are the mean, the median and the
variance of a group of numbers {x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., x500 , m1} respectively, which of the
設 m1、r1 及 v1 分別為某組數 {x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., x500} 的平均值、中位數及方差。若
m2、r2 及 v2 分別為 {x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., x500 , m1} 這組數的平均值、中位數及方差，
則下列何者必為正確 ?
I. m1 = m2
II. r1 ≥ r2
III. v1 ≥ v2
75
課後練習
10. Let m1 , r1 and v1 be the mean, the inter–quartile range and the variance of a group
of numbers {x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., x200 , m1} respectively. If m2 , r2 and v2 are the mean, the
inter–quartile range and the variance of a group of numbers{2x1 , 2x2 , 2x3 ,..., 2x200}
respectively, which of the following must be true?
設 m1、 r1 及 v1 分別為某組數 {x1 , x2 , x3 ,..., x200 , m1} 的平均值、四分位數間距
及方差。若 m2、 r2 及 v2 分別為 {2x1 , 2x2 , 2x3 ,..., 2x200} 這組數的平均值、四
分位數間距及方差，則下列何者必為正確 ?
I. m1 = 2m2
II. r1 # r2
III. v1 # v2
76

Intensive Notes Maths MC 36-40

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Ver. 2020 2012-2020

MC 38 - Permutation & Combination | 排列與組合 36

MC 39 - Standard Score | 標準分 52

MC 40 - Statistics - Change of Data Set | 統計學 - 數據轉變 60

A) Probability with or without replacement | 概率可重覆或不可重覆

Type A A A C A/B B/C A A A/C

Q No. 28 28 28 28 28/29 27/28 27 26 27/28

% 54% 66% 50% 84% 58%/69% 48%/84% 76% 42% 50%/59%

Answers of in-class exercises | 課堂示範答案

Answers of after-class exercises | 課後練習答案

1. Probability 概率 : Favorable outcomes 所求事件

2. Expected value = sum of each outcome times it’ s occur probability

2015 Q28 參考概念題目

Number of watches owned by the students

2015 Q27 參考概念題目

2018 Q28 參考概念題目

3. There are eight cards numbered 1, 1, 1, 2, 8, 8, 9 and 9 respectively. In a game, two

2013 Q26 參考概念題目

Number of watches owned by the students

stem (tens) 幹 ( 十位 ) leaf (units) 葉 ( 個位 )

Number of movies watched

I. Probability with or without replacement

II. Expected Value

III. Counting from data set

Distribution of the numbers of books read by a group of

11 stem (tens) 幹 ( 十位 ) leaf (units) 葉 ( 個位 )

A. 9 stem (tens) 幹 ( 十位 ) leaf (units) 葉 ( 個位 )

% 47% 26% 59% 52% 56%

Answers of in-class exercises | 課堂示範答案

Answers of after-class exercises | 課後練習答案

Additional Law & Multiplication Law 加法定律和乘法定律

Additional law: use between different events.

2017 Q43 參考概念題目

2019 Q43 參考概念題目

2012 Q44 參考概念題目

2013 Q26 參考概念題目

1 , 1 and 1 respectively. The probability that Tom answers at most 2 question

2. A box contains six cards numbered 1, 1, 2, 2, 3 and 3 respectively. Sam repeats

probability that John will win the game.

A) Counting, form groups and line–up | 計數 , 分組 & 排隊

Type A/B B A A B/A A A A A

Q No. 42/43 42 42 42 42/43 43 43 44 43

% 61%/56% 65% 51% 71% 55%/51% 51% 67% 64 % 52%

Answers of in-class exercises | 課堂示範答案

Answers of after-class exercises | 課後練習答案

The difference between permutation and combination is that permutation

2020 Q42 參考概念題目

2015 Q43 參考概念題目

2018 Q42 參考概念題目

2016 Q43 參考概念題目

2012 Q43 參考概念題目

2016 Q42 參考概念題目

6. There are 4 strawberries and 11 blueberries in a basket. If 6 berries are randomly

2019 Q42 參考概念題目

3. There are 10 English books and 12 Mathematics books on a bookcase. 5 English

I. Counting, form groups and line–up

9. There are 10 English books and 12 Mathematics books on a bookcase. 5 English

II. Probability, form groups and line–up

% 45% 72% 78% 78% 57%

Answers of in-class exercises | 課堂示範答案

Answers of after-class exercises | 課後練習答案