VOWELS

LONG SHORT DIPHTHONGS

iː sheep ɪə here
ɪ ship
uː shoot eɪ wait
ʊ good
ɔː door ʊə tour
e bed əʊ show
ɑː far ə banana
ɜː bud ɔɪ toy
ʌ up ɑɪ my
ɒ on ɑʊ cow
æ cat eə hair
UK↔US
eə↔e
əʊ↔oʊ
a ↔ e (æ)
3 PARTS TO FORM WORDS
→Tongue
→Lips
→Jaw open
EX: various /værɪəs/ or / verɪəs/, share /ʃeə(r)/ or /ʃe(r)/

CONSONANTS
VOICING
VOICELESS VOICED
present /p/ /b/ bell
soon /s/ /d/ deer
family /f/ /g/ game
 PLACE OF ARTICULATION
The part of contact where an obstruction occurs in the vocal tract between
an active, moving articulator.

CLUSTERS
Is a group of conosnants which have no intervening vowel.

MANNER OF ARTICULATION
Gives the consonant its distinctive sound.
EX: /pl/ please, /pr/ preach, /bl/ blink

STRESS
SENTENCES
Construst words are stressed
Structure words are unstressed
The time between stressed words is the same.

SYLLABLE
WORD
CONNECTED SPEECH
CONSONANT + VOWEL
 It’s upstairs
 I found it
 Neither am I

CONSONANT + CONSONANT
 Same consonant
  Same articulation
 Stop consonant + consonant

 Big game
 Good day
 Save five
 Dark gray
 Up there
 Help me

VOWEL + VOWEL
 /j/ /ei/, /i/, /ai/
 /w/ /ʊ/, /oʊ/
 I am
 Go out
INTONATION
STATEMENT
 Falling
I’m looking forward to Christmas.

TAG QUESTION
 Sure: Falling
He failed the exam, didn’t he?
 Not sure: Rising
You are responsible for the damage done to the car, aren’t you?

WH- QUESTIONS
 WH- Question: Falling
Where will you go on Tet holiday?
  WH- Question+suggestion: Rising
How about going to the Church for Christmas?

YES/NO QUESTION
 Falling
Do you want some milk and cookies?
EXPRESSING CHOICES
 Rising, falling
Do you want to eat in or eat out?

LISTING
 Rising, rising, rising and falling
I love chocolate, strawberry and mango.

PRONOUNCIATION & GRAMMAR

-ED
 /t/: ch, s, sh, k, p, f (voiceless) looked
 /id/: t, d needed
 /d/: the rest (voiced) flied

-S
 /iz/: s, ss, ch, sh, x, z, o, ge, ce watches
 /s/: p, k, t, f (voiceless) stops
 /z/: the rest (voiced) study

/r/
 Stand of the beginning run
 Stand of the end car

/h/
 Silent sound
 After /w/ what
 Some special cases hour, honest, heirs

/l/
 Stand of the beginning like
 Stand of the end while

/ə/
Strong Weak
To /tu:/ /tə/
Of /ov/ /əv/
Can /kæn/ /kən/