Finite Element Analysis-18ME61

Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore

Belawadi, Srirangapatna Taluk, Mandya – 571 477
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi,
Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi & Recognized by Government of Karnataka
Lecture Notes on
Finite Element Analysis (18ME61)
Prepared by
Department of Mechanical Engineering

Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru
Belawadi, Srirangapatna Taluk, Mandya – 571 477
Vision/ ಆಶಯ
“To be recognized as a premier technical and management institution promoting extensive

education fostering research, innovation and entrepreneurial attitude"
,
Mission/
 To empower students with indispensable knowledge through dedicated teaching and

collaborative learning.
 To advance extensive research in science, engineering and management disciplines.

,
 To facilitate entrepreneurial skills through effective institute - industry collaboration and

interaction with alumni.
,
 To instill the need to uphold ethics in every aspect.

.
 To mould holistic individuals capable of contributing to the advancement of the society.
.
Vision / ಆಶಯ
“To excel in technical education by producing Mechanical Engineers who are

competitive, contributing and sustainable in the global socio technological front.”
“ ,
ಮೂಲಕ ”
Mission /
1. To enrich teaching-learning experience through distinguished practices

and ever improving infrastructure
ಮೂಲಕ -
2. To enhance student performance through consistent guidance, motivation

and mentoring
, ಮೂಲಕ
3. To develop distinct skills, leadership qualities and creative thinking among

the learners through sensible endeavors
ಗಳ ಮೂಲಕ ,
Program Outcomes
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems
and design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and
research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering
solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and need
for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or
leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give and
receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member and
leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to
engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
Course Overview
Subject: Finite Element Analysis Subject Code: 18ME61
The finite element method (FEM) is a numerical method for solving problems of
engineering. It is also referred to as finite element analysis (FEA). Typical problem areas
of interest include structural analysis, heat transfer, fluid flow, mass transport, and
electromagnetic potential. The analytical solution of these problems generally requires
the solution to boundary value problems for partial differential equations. The finite
element method formulation of the problem results in a system of algebraic equations.
The method yields approximate values of the unknowns at discrete number of points
over the domain. To solve the problem, it subdivides a large problem into smaller,
simpler parts that are called finite elements. The simple equations that model these finite
elements are then assembled into a larger system of equations that models the entire
problem. FEM is best understood from its practical application, known as finite element
analysis (FEA). FEA has applied in engineering is a computational tool for performing
engineering analysis. It includes the use of mesh generation techniques for dividing a
complex problem into small elements, as well as the use of software program coded with
FEM algorithm.
Course Objectives
The objectives of this course is to make students to learn
1. To learn basic principles of finite element analysis procedure
2. To learn the theory and characteristics of finite elements that represent engineering
structures.
3. To learn and apply finite element solutions to structural, thermal, dynamic problem to
develop the knowledge and skills needed to effectively evaluate finite element analyses.
COs Description
Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science and engineering towards understanding
18ME61.1 the basic principles, concepts and preliminaries of FEM required to solve basic field
problems and Identify the application and characteristics of FEA
Develop interpolation models for 1D and 2D elements that satisfy convergence criteria
18ME61.2 for solving complex problems using FEM.
Analyze element characteristic equation and formation of global equation to solve
18ME61.3 complex engineering problems.
Apply suitable boundary conditions to a global equation for structural and heat transfer
18ME61.4
problems and solve them displacements, stress and strains induced
Prof. Yogesh Kumar K J Prof. Sathish H Prof. Ravikumar K S

Syllabus
Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method: General description of the finite
element method. Engineering applications of finite element method. Boundary
conditions: homogeneous and non-homogeneous for structural, heat transfer and fluid
flow problems. Potential energy method, Rayleigh Ritz method, Galerkin's method,
Displacement method of finite element formulation. Convergence criteria, 10
Discretization process, Types of elements: 1D, 2D and 3D, Node numbering, Location Hours
of nodes. Strain displacement relations, Stress strain relations, Plain stress and Plain
strain conditions, temperature effects. Interpolation models: Simplex, complex and
multiplex elements, linear interpolation polynomials in terms of global coordinates 1D,
2D, 3D Simplex Elements.
MODULE 2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses, Linear
interpolation polynomials in terms of local coordinate's for 1D, 2D elements. Higher
order interpolation functions for 1D quadratic and cubic elements in natural
coordinates, Constant strain triangle, Four-Nodded Tetrahedral Element (TET 4), Eight-
Nodded Hexahedral Element (HEXA 8), 2D iso-parametric element, Lagrange 10
interpolation functions, Numerical integration: Gaussian quadrature one point, two Hours
point formulae, 2D integrals. Force terms: Body force, traction force and point loads.
Numerical Problems: Solution for displacement, stress and strain in 1D straight bars,
stepped bars and tapered bars using elimination approach and penalty approach,
Analysis of trusses
Module 3: Beams and Shafts: Boundary conditions, Load vector, Hermite shape
functions, Beam stiffness matrix based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, Examples on
cantilever beams, propped cantilever beams, Numerical problems on simply 10
supported, fixed straight and stepped beams using direct stiffness method with Hours
concentrated and uniformly distributed load. Torsion of Shafts: Finite element
formulation of shafts, determination of stress and twists in circular shafts.
Module 4: Heat Transfer: Basic equations of heat transfer: Energy balance equation,
Rate equation: conduction, convection, radiation, energy generated in solid, energy
stored in solid, 1D finite element formulation using vibrational method, Problems with 10
temperature gradient and heat fluxes, heat transfer in composite sections, straight fins. Hours
Fluid Flow: Flow through a porous medium, Flow through pipes of uniform and
stepped sections, Flow through hydraulic networks.
Module 5: Axi-symmetric Solid Elements: Derivation of stiffness matrix of axi-
symmetric bodies with triangular elements, Numerical solution of axi-symmetric
triangular element(s) subjected to surface forces, point loads, angular velocity,
pressure vessels. Dynamic Considerations: Formulation for point mass and 10
distributed masses, Consistent element mass matrix of one dimensional bar element, Hours
truss element, axi-symmetric triangular element, quadrilateral element, beam
element. Lumped mass matrix of bar element, truss element, Evaluation of eigen-
values and eigen-vectors, Applications to bars, stepped bars, and beams.
List of Text Books:
1. Logan, D. L., A first course in the finite element method, 6th Edition, Cengage Learning, 2016.
2. Rao, S. S., Finite element method in engineering, 5th Edition, Pergaman Int. Library of Science,
2010.
3. Chandrupatla T. R., Finite Elements in engineering, 2nd Edition, PHI, 2013.
List of Reference Books:
1. J.N.Reddy, "Finite Element Method"- McGraw -Hill International Edition. Bathe K. J. Finite
Elements Procedures, PHI.
2. Cook R. D., et al. "Concepts and Application of Finite Elements Analysis"- 4th Edition, Wiley &
Sons, 2003
Index
SL. No. Contents Page No.

1-23
1 Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method
Module 2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and 24-56
2
Trusses
57-78
3 Module 3: Beams and Shafts
79-106
4 Module 4: Heat Transfer & Fluid Flow
Module 5: Axi-symmetric Solid Elements & Dynamic 107-126
5
Considerations
Module 1:
Introduction to Finite
Element Method
Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore Department of Mechanical Engineering
Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 1






















` `

MODULE 2:
One-Dimensional
Elements-Analysis of
Bars and Trusses
Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 24

































Module 3:
Beams and Shafts
Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-3: Beams & Shafts 58





















Module 4:
Heat Transfer & Fluid
Flow
Finite Element Analysis, Module 4: Heat Transfer & Fluid Flow 79





















Module 5:
Axi-symmetric Solid
Elements & Dynamic
Considerations
Finite Element Analysis, Module 5: Axi-symmetric Solid Elements & Dynamic Considerations 107

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Maharaja Education Trust (R), Mysuru

Maharaja Institute of Technology Mysore

Department of Mechanical Engineering

“To be recognized as a premier technical and management institution promoting extensive

 To empower students with indispensable knowledge through dedicated teaching and

 To advance extensive research in science, engineering and management disciplines.

 To facilitate entrepreneurial skills through effective institute - industry collaboration and

 To instill the need to uphold ethics in every aspect.

 To mould holistic individuals capable of contributing to the advancement of the society.

“To excel in technical education by producing Mechanical Engineers who are

1. To enrich teaching-learning experience through distinguished practices

2. To enhance student performance through consistent guidance, motivation

3. To develop distinct skills, leadership qualities and creative thinking among

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

Prof. Yogesh Kumar K J Prof. Sathish H Prof. Ravikumar K S

SL. No. Contents Page No.

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 1

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 2

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 3

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 4

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 5

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 6

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 7

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 8

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 9

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 10

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 11

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 12

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 13

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 14

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 15

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 16

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 17

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 18

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 19

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 20

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 21

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 22

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module 1: Introduction to Finite Element Method 23

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 24

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 25

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 26

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 27

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 28

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 29

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 30

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 31

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 32

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 33

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 34

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 35

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 36

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 37

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 38

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 39

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 40

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 41

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 42

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 43

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 44

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 45

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 46

Finite Element Analysis-18ME61, Module-2: One-Dimensional Elements-Analysis of Bars and Trusses 47