TI0203

INTERAKSI MANUSIA DAN KOMPUTER

Gloria Virginia
UKDW - Gasal 2021/2022

METODE & TEKNIK PERANCANGAN

USER CENTERED DESIGN

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 USER CENTERED DESIGN

DEFINITION
• User interface ➠ usability
‣ to create problem-free interactions
‣ objective and product-based ➠ a product is usable

• User experience
‣ to understand people
➡ particularly on how people interact with product that make up people’s perception of
the whole
‣ subjective and human centered ➠ a person & product co-create the user experience
‣ Very often (activities):
‣ seeks to gather ‘user requirements’ for the design of a technology
‣ evaluates the usability of an existing technology

 DEFINITION
• User requirements
‣ the features/attributes a product should have or should perform
‣ from the users’ perspective

• User centered design (UCD) :

‣ an approach for collecting and analyzing user requirements
‣ a product development approach that focuses on end users
➤ by applying tehniques, processes, and methods throughout the product
lifecycle that focus on end user
‣ target:
➤ a product should suit the user, rather than making the user suit the product

THE IMPORTANCE OF USER INVOLVEMENT

 THE IMPORTANCE OF USER INVOLVEMENT

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THE IMPORTANCE OF USER INVOLVEMENT

• Tujuan stakeholders :
‣ Pemasaran : sedap dipandang, jazzy features
‣ OM : sistem harus efektif dan efisiensi
‣ CEO : kerjakan secepatnya, sesuai waktu dan budget
‣ OA : harus memenuhi ISO kriteria ISO 9000
‣ OHS : hindari kecelakaan, stres, dan penyakit
‣ Developer : diselesaikan dengan kode
‣ User : mudah dipelajari/digunakan, interupsi minimun

OM : Organizational Management
OA : Organization and Administration
OHS : Occupational Health and Safety
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 UCD IN PRODUCT LIFECYCLE (Baxter, Courage, & Caine, 2015)

1. Concept 2. Design
• Research activities • Design activities
• Competitive analysis • Information architecture
• Plan: goals, constraints • Taskflows
• Functional specification • Low-fidelity prototypes
• User profile & persona • Graphics creation

4 2

4. Release 3. Develop
• Manage & evaluation • Product creation
• Usability testing • Design review
• Gain feedback • Heuristic evaluation
• Benchmark test • Usability testing

PRINCIPLES OF UCD (Gould & Lewis, 1985)

1. Focus on users and tasks

‣ Systematic and structured user experience gathering

2. Empirical measurement of product usage

‣ Identify usability issues (quantitatively & qualitatively)

3. Iterative design
‣ Iterate and fine-tune with each cycle until you get it right

Design

Manage/Evaluate Implement

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UCD CYCLE (ISO 13407:1999)

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UCD CYCLE (Baxter, Courage, & Caine, 2015)

Plan

Design

Manage/Evaluate Implement

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 UCD PROCESS MAP (usability.gov, 2020)

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SOME TECHNIQUES FOR UCD (Baxter, Courage, & Caine, 2015)

How shoul
it work?

• Usability testin
• Participatory desig
• Paper prototypin
• Walk-throug
• Heuristic evaluation Does it do what we
What should it do?
want it to do?

• Usability testin
• Participatory desig • Usability testin
• Heuristic evaluatio • Heuristic evaluatio
• Focus grou • Compare to benchmar
• Surve • Follow-up study
• Set benchmark

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y

UCD’S TECHNIQUE : USABILITY TESTING

• Melakukan pengujian usability dengan kriteria :
‣ usefulness
‣ efficiency
‣ effectiveness
‣ learnability
‣ satisfaction
‣ accessibility

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : USABILITY TESTING

System Usability Scale (SUS)
Brooke (1986)

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : USABILITY TESTING

System Usability Scale (SUS)
Brooke (1986)

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : USABILITY TESTING

User Experience Questionaire (UEQ)
Laugwitz, Held, & Schrepp (2008)

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : PARTICIPATORY DESIGN
• Tim desain = desainer + pengguna + pengembang

• Fokus :
‣ pengguna akhir
‣ pengetahuan, keahlian, reaksi emosional pengguna

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : FOCUS GROUP

• Penelitian dalam kelompok untuk menentukan konsep desain
• (+) : eksplorasi nilai dan perasaan pengguna akhir secara mendalam

• Alat bantu :
‣ Storyboard
‣ Paper prototype
‣ Plastic model

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : SURVEYS

• Pengumpulan data dengan memberikan pertanyaan2 kepada responden
‣ Bahasa harus jelas & mudah dipahami dengan cara yg sama oleh semua
responden

• Digunakan untuk pengamatan dan usability test

• Jumlah responden besar

‣ (+) : dapat memahami pengguna akhir secara luas

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : WALK THROUGHS

• Desainer :
‣ memposisikan diri sebagai pengguna akhir
‣ berusaha menjawab serangkaian pertanyaan

• Tujuan : mengetahui & memahami tujuan dari pengguna akhir

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : CARD SORTING

• Menggunakan kartu-kartu yang ditata atau diurutkan untuk desain dari
konten atau fungsi-fungsi sistem

• Objek desain :
‣ konten
‣ fungsi-fungsi sistem

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : CARD SORTING

• Open Card Sort :
‣ konten tanpa judul kategori
‣ pengguna yang menentukan kategori

• Closed Card Sort :

‣ kategori sudah ditentukan
‣ pengguna memilih konten dan fungsi sesuai kategori

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : (LOW-FIDELITY) PROTOTYPING

• Membuat perancangan dan evaluasi dengan prototipe pada media kertas

• Prototipe (KBBI, 2019) :

‣ Model yang mula-mula (model asli) yang menjadi contoh
‣ Contoh baku
‣ Contoh khas

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : (LOW-FIDELITY) PROTOTYPING

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : (LOW-FIDELITY) PROTOTYPING

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : EXPERT / HEURISTIC EVALUATION

• Evaluasi dengan orang yang ahli atau profesional di bidang desain

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UCD’S TECHNIQUE : FOLLOW-UP STUDIES
• Evaluasi yang dilakukan setelah produk resmi dipasarkan

• Data dikumpulkan untuk pemasaran berikutnya

• Metode yang digunakan:

‣ wawancara
‣ survei
‣ observasi

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MULTIDISCIPLINARY

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