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Crude Oil
Production
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Crude Oil Production Unit

Crude oil is a raw natural resource that is extracted from the
earth and refined into products such as gasoline, jet fuel, and
other petroleum products.

Overall crude oil production process is shown on the picture

below

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Reservoir Module
Reservoir Module refers to a conceptual representation of an
underground reservoir where oil or natural gas is trapped and
stored within rock formations. The reservoir module is used in
reservoir engineering and simulation to analyze and
understand the behavior of the reservoir, estimate its potential
reserves, and optimize production strategies.
Reservoir study is undertaken to establish value or to forecast
the crude oil production performance. Geological data are
used for give us the character and condition of the reservoir

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Separation Module
Separation is a crucial component of the production process
of crude oil, this module used for separate the various
components present in crude oil mixture.
The separation process is primarily based on the principle of
gravity separation. Light components (gas, light hydrocarbon)
collected as overhead gases. Heavy hydrocarbon such as water
and solids, settle at the bottom of the vessel and removed as
sludge.

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Crude Oil Treating Module

Once the crude oil has been separated into its different
components, further treatment is necessary to improve its
quality and meet specific product specifications such as Basic
Sediment and Water (BS&W), vapor pressure, salt and sulfur
content.

The BS&W is essentially an entrained water specification and

limits the amount of free water carried with the crude. Heat,
electricity chemicals, and mechanical coalescers may be used
to enhance this process.

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Crude Oil Treating Module

Vapor pressure specification limits the volatility of the crude
oil. If the crude oil is stored or transported at or near
atmospheric pressure, this specification will often be equal to
or less than 101,3 kPa at the system temperature. This
specification can be stated in terms of a True Vapor Pressure
(TVP) or Reid Vapor Pressure (RVP).

The specification for salt and sulfur content also needed to be

adjusted to met the requirements. Salt is removed by mixing
the crude with fresh water and removing the resulting brackish
water in a crude oil dehydration module. Sulfur compounds
removed by gas stripping chemical conversion or a
combination of the two
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Produced Water Treating Module

Produced water is the water that comes up along with the oil
and gas during the extraction process. This water is typically
contaminated with various impurities, including hydrocarbons,
solids, chemicals, and other substances.
The hydrocarbon specification is particularly important if the
produced water is discharged to the sea. To meet the
environmental requirements produced water must go through
several processes like gravity separation, flotation units,
centrifugal separation, or combination of them.
Solids may be require removal if the produced water is to be
reinjected into the reservoir. Removal methods include gravity
separation, filtration and centrifugal separation.

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Gas Processing Module

The primary objective of a gas processing module is to
separate and treat the raw natural gas to remove impurities,
contaminants, and valuable natural gas liquids (NGLs) for
commercial use.
Gas processing modules are typically customized based on the
specific characteristics of the raw natural gas being processed
and the desired end products. The gas processing may be
further divided into sub-modules which are common to many
gas processing facilities.

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Refference
Gas Conditioning and Processing Volume 1: The Basic
Principles by John M. Campbell

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