NOTES

PHYSICS
Class: VII
Note On: UNIT 5.01 Date: 25/01/2022

❖ Electricity: It is the Flow of Electric Charge (Electrons) on one Direction through

Conductors.

It is the Transmission Medium for Electrical Energy.

❖ Types of Electricity
o Static Electricity: It is an Imbalance of Electric Charges (Positive and Negative
Charges) within or on the Surface of a Material.

Static Electricity is a familiar Electric Phenomenon in which Charged Particles are

Transferred from one Body to another. This can be caused if Two Objects are Rubbed
together. The Charge remains until it is able to Move away by means of an Electric
Current or Electrical Discharge.

o Current Electricity: It is the Flow of Electric Charges (Electrons) through a Conductor

forming an Electric Field.

❖ Properties of Static Electricity

o Static Electricity deals with Charges or Charged Bodies at Rest.
o Charges generate Electric Fields which do not change with Time.
o Charges do not form Magnetic Fields because Electric Fields produced due to them
are Constant and there is no Electric Currents.
o Static Electricity Flows through both Conductors and Insulator.
o Static Electricity Flows when Objects acquire Equal and Opposite Charges and an
Attractive Force develops between them.
o Static Electricity produces Electrostatic Forces between Oppositely Charged Objects.

❖ Properties of Current Electricity

o Electric Currents create Magnetic Fields as well as Electric Fields.
o Current Electricity Flows through only Conductors.
o Current Electricity is of Two Type - Direct Current (DC) and Alternating Current (AC).
❖ Sources of Electricity
o Lightning (Natural Source)
o Fossil Fuels (Coal, Natural Gas & Crude Oil)
o Nuclear Plants (Man – Made Source)
o Steam Turbines (Man – Made Source)

❖ Uses of Electricity
o Heating
o Electrical Devices
o Lighting
o Electronic Appliances

❖ Field: It is a Region where a Body experiences a Force.

Example: Electric Field
Magnetic Field
Gravitational Field

❖ Electric Field: It is the Physical Field that surrounds each Electric Charge and exerts
Force on all other Charges in the Field, either Attracting or Repelling
them.

❖ Properties of Electric Field

o Electric Field Lines never Intersect each other.
o The Field is Strong when the Lines are Close together, and it is Weak when the Field
Lines move apart from each other.
o The Electric Field Line starts from the Positive Charge and ends at the Negative
Charge.