Small Engine Project Guide

SMALL ENGINES
Project Guide
The 4-H Motto
“Learn To Do By Doing.”
The 4-H Pledge

I pledge
My HEAD to clearer thinking,
My HEART to greater loyalty,
My HANDS to larger service,
My HEALTH to better living,
For my club, my community and my country.
The 4-H Grace

(Tune of Auld Lang Syne)
We thank thee, Lord, for blessings great

On this, our own fair land.
Teach us to serve thee joyfully,
With head, heart, health and hand.
Developed by
Elizabeth Webster, M.Ag.
printed August 1999

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction
Member Information.................................................................... M-7
Objectives ...................................................................................... M-8
To Get the Most From This Project ........................................ M-9
Observation - Your Most Important Tool............................. M-11
Tips From Other 4-H Members and Leaders....................... M-13
Working on a Small Engine ........................................................ M-15
Achievement Day Requirements .............................................. M-16
Resources for Learning.............................................................. M-18
Section One
Safety and the Small Engine Project ..................................... M-21
Who Does an Unsafe Worker Affect? ................................. M-22
Safety Steps ............................................................................... M-23
Safety Contract ......................................................................... M-24
Safety #1 - Word Search ....................................................... M-25
Safety #2 - Word Search....................................................... M-26
Safety Logos ............................................................................... M-27
Protect Yourself ........................................................................ M-29
Safety Tips for Using Tools ..................................................... M-31
Section Two
How Small Engines Work Checklist ....................................... M-33
What Does an Engine Need to Run? ...................................... M-34
Differences Between Two and Four Cycle Engine ............. M-35
How Small Engines Work - Crossword .................................. M-37
How Small Engines Work - Word Search ............................ M-38
M-3
Small Engine Member’s Guide

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Section Two cont’d
Checking Compression Checklist............................................. M-39
Ignition Troubleshooting Chart .............................................. M-40
Compression - Crossword ......................................................... M-41
Section Three
Parts of a Small Engine Checklist .......................................... M-43
Nameplate Checklist ................................................................. M-45
Owner’s Information Card Checklist..................................... M-45
Section Four
Care and Handling Checklist .................................................... M-47
Care and Handling - Crossword ............................................... M-48
Section Five
Cleaning - A Generic Checklist ................................................ M-49
Degreasing the Crankcase - Checklist .................................. M-50
Cleaning Engine - Crossword .................................................... M-52
Cleaning Engine - Word Search .............................................. M-53
Section Six
Cooling System Checklist ......................................................... M-55
Section Seven
Air Cleaner Checklist ................................................................ M-57
Air Cleaner Checklist - Oil Bath Type .................................. M-59
Air Cleaner Checklist - Dry Filter Type ............................... M-60
M-4

Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Section Eight
Fuel Strainers Checklist - Screen Type ................................ M-61
Fuel Strainers Checklist - Bowl Type ................................... M-62
Section Nine
Crankcase Breathers Checklist .............................................. M-65
Section Ten
Lubrication Checklist ................................................................ M-67
Lubrication - Crossword ........................................................... M-69
Lubrication - Word Search...................................................... M-70
Section Eleven
Spark Plugs Checklist ................................................................. M-71
Review Checklist for Spark Plugs........................................... M-73
Spark Plugs - Crossword ........................................................... M-74
Spark Plugs - Word Search ..................................................... M-75
Section Twelve
Carburetor Checklist ................................................................ M-77
Carburetor - Crossword ........................................................... M-78
Carburetor - Word Search ...................................................... M-79
Section Thirteen
Servicing Battery Checklist I................................................. M-81
Servicing Battery Checklist II ............................................. M-82
Servicing Battery Checklist III ........................................... M-83
Safety Tips: Working Around Batteries .............................. M-84
M-5
Battery - Crossword .................................................................. M-85
Battery - Word Search ............................................................ M-86

Table of Contents
Section Fourteen
Safety Tips: Working Around Fuel/Oil ................................ M-87
Fuel System Troubleshooting Chart ..................................... M-89
Fuel - Crossword ......................................................................... M-91
Fuel - Word Search ................................................................... M-92
Section Fifteen
Engine Start-up and Shutdown Checklists .......................... M-93
Section Sixteen
Storage Checklist ...................................................................... M-97
Storage - Crossword ................................................................. M-99
Storage - Word Search.......................................................... M-100
Appendix A
The Twelve Days of 4-H.......................................................... M-101
Glossary ...................................................................................... M-105
M-6

Introduction
Member Information
Member’s name Year
Address
Postal Code Age Birthdate
Name of Parent or Guardian
Name of Club
Name of Club Leader
Name of 4-H Region
Number of Years in 4-H Number of Years in Project
Project Information
Type of Engine (if one is owned)
Model Type and Serial Number
Cost
M-7

Introduction
Objectives
The club member will:

gain knowledge in operation, care and maintenance
of small engines
develop and demonstrate safe work habits
gain knowledge and skill in use of tools and chemicals

related to small engines
demonstrate proper care and maintenance of a work area
develop skills in leadership, problem-solving, communication,

planning, assessment, decision-making, evaluation, money
management and time
M-8

Introduction
To Get The Most From This Project
Attend regularly. You won’t miss important information,

shop time or fun.
Listen, then ask questions. You will learn from other

members as well as your leaders.
Work on your small engine regularly so you become familiar

with it and the tools required. Your skill will grow.
Keep organized. Keep parts together. Label tools.
Take pictures of your engine, before, during and after

working on it. Pictures are good records.
Keep simple records as you go along. Jot notes in a pocket

size notebook as you work. Transfer important material to
your project record book.
M-9

Introduction
To Get The Most From This Project
Work safely. If you hurt yourself or another person all the

fun stops.
Let your parents know what you’re working on. They might
be able to help or encourage you.
Ask for help if you need it. Offer help when you can.
Be patient with yourself and others. We are all learning.
M-10

Introduction
Observation - Your Most Important Tool!
What can you see?

What is missing?
is it running?
smoke - volume, colour?
cracks?
worn or missing parts?

any parts discoloured by heat?
how good a job is it doing?
Listen
is it rough, smooth, intermittent?
varying?
vibration?
is something hitting?
M-11

Introduction
Observation - Your Most Important Tool!
Feel
vibration, roughness?
power level?
heat?
grit in the oil?
Smell
exhaust?
leaks?
burning?
M-12

Introduction
Tips From Other 4-H Members And Leaders
Always take old parts with you when ordering or

picking up new parts
Lay parts out in order of disassembly and keep them in

order. We use numbered zip-lock bags and put only a few
parts in each bag.
Draw a sketch of an assembly before or while you’re
working on it. This will help when you put it back together.
It will also help develop your observation skills.
Cut open a large cardboard box and flatten it to protect

the garage or shop floor.
If a Phillips screw is extremely tight, put a bit of valve

lapping compound on the screwdriver tip. It’ll grip better.
M-13

Introduction
Tips From Other 4-H Members And Leaders
Use an old muffin tin to keep nuts, bolts, washers or

tiny parts together. You can label the contents with
tape if necessary.
Test the simplest and most probable cause of trouble first.
Most small engine service and repair jobs can be done

without taking the whole engine apart!
M-14

Introduction
Working on a Small Engine
! Observe Engine
(use 4 senses)
" see, listen, feel, smell
"
# Compare Engine’s
performance to " OK
what it should be.
"
NOT
OK Engine runs
"
"
& Trouble Shoot

What is/are problem(s).
"
% Service or repair as needed.

"
"
$ Test
"
M-15
"

Introduction
Achievement Day Requirements
Many of the requirements for Achievement Day are met during the club
year. E.G. member explained and demonstrated how to clean an engine.
Initial the member’s records at time of completion.
Achievement Day can be a “Recognition/Celebration Day” if checking of
work and records is done regularly during the year. Checking of record
books could be done by a parent helper who knows what the
requirements are.
Junior
1. Attends and participates in at least 70% of all club activities.
2. Displays completed records for meeting attended.

3. Displays engine (clean) worked on during year.
4. Scores a pass on safety quiz/questions administered by
leaders or other adults.

5. Correctly identifies at least five tools displayed.
6. Differentiate between two and four cycle engines.
M-16

Introduction
Achievement Day Requirements
Intermediate
2. Displays completed records for meeting attended.

3. Displays engine (clean) worked on during the year.
Answers questions regarding work done on engine.
4. Display/exhibit/poster of hazards in the work place, emphasizing

accident prevention.
5. Identifies correctly at least 10 tools displayed.
Senior
2. Thorough record of year’s work on a small engine including: before

and after photos, settings, record and costs of work done, hours,
performance of engine.
3. Display and answer questions about small engine worked on.

4. Exhibit of at least five worn or damaged parts, labelled as to cause
of damage and the preventative maintenance or care recommended.
M-17

Introduction
Resources for Learning
People
farmers
parents
local small engine repair people
former 4-H’ers
(especially those in related field of study or line of work)

mechanics
oil field workers
people who use a lot of small engines in the community
Places and Organizations

agricultural societies, exhibitions
colleges, universities
museums
private industry
snowmobile clubs
M-18

Introduction
Resources for Learning
Things
magazines, books, newsletters
owners’ manuals
advertisements
comics and cartoons
video tapes
catalogues
sales displays
Web Sites and News Groups

1. Briggs & Stratton
http://www.BriggsandStratton.com/
2. Kohler Engines page.
http://www.kohlerco.com/powersystems/engines/index.html
M-19

Introduction
3. Tecumseh Engines page.
http://www.tecumseh.com/engines.htm
4. Jacks Small Engines & Generator Service, LLC. Web Div.

http://www.jackssmallengines.com/index.htm
“the largest online lawn mower & generator parts supplier”
Jokes
Q. What do you serve at a 4-H Small Engines party?
A. Nuts and Bolts.
M-20

Section One
Safety in the Small Engine Project
At Risk Risk P reventative Action
Back - l i fti ng too much -proper foot pl acement

- fal l s -l i mi t wei ghts l i fted al one - ask for hel p
- l i fti ng i ncorrectl y -keep fl oor cl ean and cl ear
- turni ng i ncorrectl y -l i ft smoothl y
- try i ng to catch a fal l i ng, heavy ob ject -l i ft wi th l egs, keep b ack strai ght
-ask for and gi ve hel p
-use avai l ab l e equi pment to l i ft
Ea r s - exposure to l oud noi ses -wear heari ng protecti on

-reduce exposure
Ey e s - spl ashes
- dust, fl y i ng ob jects
- fumes, smoke
- struck
- tool s sl i ppi ng or b ounci ng toward
ey es
- fl ash/ heat
- compressed ai r used i mproperl y
Lung s - dust -wear dust mask

- fumes from cl eani ng agents, -provi de adequate venti l ati on
exhaust, fuel
- fl ash/ heat from fi re/ expl osi on
-keep work pl ace cl ean
- carb on monoxi de poi soni ng -use sol vents spari ngl y
- i nadequate venti l ati on -work to prevent fi re
-avoi d i nhal i ng fumes
Skin, - exposure to fuel , sol vents,

Limb s, b attery aci d
- ri ps, punctures from sharp,
Hands, rough edges
F eet - ri ps, punctures from tool s
- b urns from hot parts
- el ectri cal shock/ b urn
- crushi ng - heavy tool s or engi nes
- punctures - deb ri s thrown up b y
machi ne
- punctures - pressuri zed ai r
- cut - l awnmower b l ade
M-21

Section One
Who does an unsafe worker affect?
SELF
M-22

Section One
Safety Steps
1. Name the risks.
2. Safeguard the work area.

3. Wear necessary protective equipment.
4. Use the right tools.
5. Follow correct procedure.

6. Monitor work habits.
7. Correct as necessary.
*Ensure all adult helpers follow safe procedures.
M-23

Section One
Safety Contract
I will:
' identify risks of activities
' take actions to eliminate or reduce risk

' ask for help when needed
' select the correct tools, equipment and materials
for the activity

' watch for and allow for proximity of other people
' stop work and move back when asked to
' exit work area on command (in case of emergency)

' return tools and supplies to storage after use
' follow safe disposal procedure
' dress appropriately for club activities

' share responsibility for safety in the club
Member Leader Date
M-24

Section One
Safety #1 - Word Search
M-25

Section One
Safety #2 - Word Search
M-26

Section One
Safety Logos
flammable explosive
corrosive crushing hazard
M-27

Section One
Safety Logos
poison
electrical hazard
M-28

Section One
PROTECT YOURSELF
Protect your BACK
Protect your EARS
M-29

Section One
Protect your EYES
Protect your LUNGS
Protect your SKIN, HANDS, FEET
M-30

Section One
Safety Tips for Using Tools
Pull on a wrench rather than push it. You can hurt yourself
if it slips. If you must push, push with an open hand to avoid
scraped knuckles.
Clean all tools. Greasy tools slip and cause accidents.
Store tools carefully. Damaged tools are dangerous.
Keep long hair, clothing, jewellery and body parts away from
equipment and tools.
Use the right size tool for the job.
Use the correct tool for the job. (E.G. do not use a
screwdriver as a pry bar)
M-31

Section One
Safety Tips for Using Tools
Safety goggles or a face shield will protect your eyes from

dust, chunks, caustic materials and compressed air.
Grind off mushroomed tops on chisels.
Replace or repair a tool as soon as it shows signs of wear.
M-32

Section Two
How Small Engines Work Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
Intake, compressi on, i gni ti on, exhaust = one cy cl e
Name the di fferences b etween four cy cl e and two cy cl e engi nes
Identi fy a two cy cl e engi ne
Identi fy a four cy cl e engi ne
Cl assi fy y our engi ne as a two cy cl e or four cy cl e engi ne
Li st safety ri sks wi th smal l engi nes
Li st safety practi ces wi th smal l engi nes
Name three crankshaft posi ti ons
Name ty pes of machi nes that use smal l engi nes
Expl ai n how to mi x fuel for a two cy cl e engi ne
Locate ports (two cy cl e)
M-33

Section Two
What Does An Engine Need To Run?
How Small Engines Work
Fuel and air mixed

in correct proportions.
Compression of the Ignition at the
fuel/air mixture. right time.
Remember this when troubleshooting

an engine that won’t start.....
Check in this order: ! compression
M-34
" ignition
# carburetor

Section Two
Differences Between a Two and Four Cycle Engine.
Two Cycle Eng ine Four Cycle Eng ine
Fuel mi xed strai ght gas
Oi l i n fuel i n a sump
muffl er i s threaded or
-exhaust ports on
M uffl er b ol ted to the engi ne
the cy cl i nder i tsel f
near one end
Number strokes per

2 4
crankshaft revol uti on
M ethod of getti ng
-no val ve usual l y
fuel / ai r mi xture i n -i ntake val ve
-uses ports
combusti on chamber -exhaust val ve
(pi ston cl oses off ports)
and burned gases out
Number movi ng parts
fewer si mpl er i n desi gn more
i n the engi ne
Wei ght l i ghter/ hp heavi er/ hp
Si ze smal l er b i gger
more pol l uti on i n exhaust l ess pol l uti on

Pol l uti on
gases than 4 stroke than 2 stroke
Camshaft usual l y doesn't have one al way s
M-35

Section Two
Differences Between a Two and Four Cycle Engine.
Two Cycle Eng ine Four Cycle Eng ine
Sound l ouder i n operati on general l y qui eter
Initial Cost l ess more
General M aintenance l ess more
General Operating
more effi ci ent l ess effi ci ent
Efficiency (hp. wt. ratio)
Number of major moving
fewer more
parts
M-36

Section Two
How Small Engines Work - Crossword Puzzle
M-37

Section Two
How Small Engines Work - Word Search
M-38

Section Two
Checking Compression Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
Check ti ghtness of spark pl ugs
Check ti ghtness of cy l i nder head b ol ts
Locate and di sconnect spark pl ug wi re
Turn fl y wheel b y hand unti l comes to compressi on stroke
Qui ck twi st to fl y wheel (b y hand or manual starter)
Assess compressi on (good/ b ad)
Check for ai r l eaks (l i sten)
Inspect for hot spots
Check condi ti on of pi ston ri ngs, cy l i nder wal l s
If cy l i nder wal l s dry :

R emove spark pl ug [__]
Pour one tab l espoon (15ml ) oi l i nto cy l i nder [__]
R echeck compressi on [__]
Check val ve, cy l i nder, pi ston ri ng wear i f compressi on i s sti l l l ow
M-39

Section Two
Ignition Troubleshooting Chart
Problem: Engine will not start.
Spark plug malfunction? $ YES $ Replace plug.

$
NO
$
Magneto points burned or YES Install new points

$ $ and set gap.
maladjusted?
$
NO
$
Coil air gap maladjusted? YES Reposition coil to

$ $ get correct air gap.
$
NO
$
Crankshaft key sheared or YES Replace key.

$ $ Recheck ignition
partially sheared?
timing.
M-40

Section Two
Compression - Crossword Puzzle
M-41

Section Two
Notes
M-42

Section Three
Parts of a Small Engine Checklist
Member locates and correctly identifies from a picture or
an engine or a display of parts the following:
Leader's Leader's
initial s/ date initial s/ date
air cl eaner dipstick
air fil ter exhaust port
battery exhaust val ve
bl ower shroud fy l wheel
cam fuel strainer
camshaft fuel tank
gasket (various)
carburetor
idl e-mixture
choke val ve
adjustment val ve
cool ing fins ignition switch
crankcase breather jets
crankshaft manifol d - exhaust
cy l inder manifol d - intake
M-43

Section Three
Parts of a Small Engine Checklist
Leader's Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date i ni ti al s/ date
muffl er val ve - b utterfl y (throttl e)
oi l fi l ter pl ug val ve - carb uretor

oi l fi l ter val ve - crankcase b reather
oi l sump
val ve - fuel shutoff
pi ston
val ve - reed ty pe
pi ston ri ngs
val ve spri ngs
sedi ment b owl
venturi
spark pl ug - enti re
wi ng nut
spark pl ug - el ectrodes
wi re b ai l
speed control l ever
starter -
el ectri c ty pe By the end of the club year,
members must identify the number
starter - of parts for their level.
rope rewi nd ty pe
Junior Members 10 parts
starter -
rope wi nd ty pe Intermediate Members 20 parts
Senior Members 30 parts
starter -
wi ndup ty pe
throttl e l i nkage
M-44

Section Three
Nameplate Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
Locates namepl ates on three di fferent engi nes
Fi nds make of engi ne/ name of manufacturer
Fi nds model numb er or engi ne name
Fi nds seri al numb er
Fi nds ty pe numb er
Fi nds speci fi cati on numb er
Transfers ab ove i nformati on accuratel y and neatl y i nto records
Uses chal k to b ri ng out the numb ers on an ol d namepl ate
Owner’s Information Form Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
Compl etes accuratel y and neatl y
Stores i n record b ook
M-45

Section Three
Notes
M-46

Section Four
Care and Handling Checklist
Members whose engines are not yet running, will be able to explain what
proper care and handling is. Members whose engines and machines are
operating should be demonstrating proper care and handling.
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
Protects engi ne from damage i n travel to and from meeti ngs
Cl eans engi ne on regul ar b asi s
Stores engi ne out of weather/ harm's way
Servi ces regul arl y
Checks for worn parts/ l eaks regul arl y
Checks oi l l evel b efore use (4 cy cl e)
Checks for ob stacl es to engi ne (e.g. rocks or steel pi ns i n l awn)
Uses engi ne wi thi n l oad and speed l i mi ts

(does not overl oad or overspeed)
Warms engi ne up b efore appl y i ng l oad
Stops engi ne i f a prob l em i s suspected
Lets engi ne cool off b efore shutti ng off
Steadi es engi ne on work surface duri ng repai r or servi ce
M emb er can l i st/ expl ai n exampl es of i mproper care and handl i ng
M emb er can poi nt to si gns of i mproper car and handl i ng
M-47

Section Four
Care and Handling - Crossword Puzzle
M-48

Section Five
Cleaning - A Generic checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
Name two b enefi ts of thi s cl eani ng
Identi fy potenti al ri sks, i f any
Take steps to reduce or el i mi nate safety ri sks
Wear appropri ate protecti ve gear
DO NOT CONTINUE UNTIL THESE STEP S ARE COMP LETE
Vi sual i nspecti on
Use correct sol uti ons and materi al s
R ecogni ze and correctl y i nterpret hazard l ogos
Use correct equi pment, tool s
Noti ce and al l ow for proxi mi ty of others
Use appropri ate amount of force
Ask for hel p i f needed
Cl ean thoroughl y , fol l owi ng procedure:
Correctl y di spose of waste
Leave work area i n good condi ti on
R ecord efforts/ ob servati ons
M-49

Section Five
Degreasing the Crankcase Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
1. Exami ne for l eaks
2. R emove b l ower shroud
3. a. R emove ai r cl eaner
b . Cover ai r cl eaner op eni ng
4. Cl ean exhaust sy stem
Step s for two-cy cl e engi ne

a. R emove muffl er
b . R otate crankshaft so that p i ston covers the exhaust p ort
c. Cl ean exhaust p orts

-wooden scrap er used
-no carb on i n cy l i nder
d. M uffl er cl eaned i n sol vent
e. R ep l ace muffl er or engi ne
f. Exhaust p orts covered i f engi ne has no muffl er
5. a. Sol vent evenl y ap p l i ed
b . Sol vent l eft on 5 mi nutes or more
M-50

Section Five
Degreasing the Crankcase Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
6. R emoval of sol vent

-water stream used for ri nsi ng cl ean (degreaser)
-soap sol uti on, ri nsed cl ean (petrol eum sol vent)
-cl ean areas that were mi ssed b y sol vent
7. Protecti ve covers on ai r cl eaner and exhaust parts removed
8. R epl ace carb uretor ai r cl eaner
9. Operate engi ne to dry or use compressed ai r
M-51

Section Five
Cleaning Engine - Crossword Puzzle
M-52

Section Five
Cleaning Engine - Word Search
M-53

Section Five
Notes
M-54

Section Six
Cooling System Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
1. R emovi ng the fuel tank
a. D rai n fuel tank
b . Cl ose fuel shut-off val ve
or c. D i sconnect the sup p l y tub e
d. D rai n fuel tank
2. Cover ends of fuel l i nes
3. R emove the b l ower shroud
5. R emove b affl es and defl ectors
6. Cl ean shroud and b affl es
a. Putty kni fe used
b . Shroud and b affl es cl eaned
c. Fi b re b ri stl e b rush used
d. Screen b rushed cl ean
e. Screen cl eaned i n sol vent
M-55

Section Six
Cooling System Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
7. Cl ean cy l i nder fi ns
a.. Wooden scrap er used
b . Cl eanl i ness (excel l ent, good, fai r, p oor)
8. Cl ean b l ower fl y wheel fi ns
a.. Use a wooden scrap er
9. Pre-assemb l y
a. Bl ower fl y wheel
b . Shroud
c. Cy l i nder head b affl e
d. Cy l i nder b affl e
e. Bl ower shroud
f. R ecoi l starter or screened sheave
g. Uncover fuel l i ne ends
h. Fuel tank
M-56

Section Seven
Air Cleaner Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
1. D i sconnect the sp ark p l ug wi re
2. R emove ai r fi l ter
a. Cl ean around ai r fi l ter
b . R emove fi l ter el ement cover
c. R emove fi l ter el ement
d. Cover carb uretor ai r i ntake
3. Cl ean fi l ter
a. Pol y urethane sp onge i n soap y water
c. D ri ed correctl y
or d. M etal mesh i n sol vent
e. Cl eanl i ness (excel l ent, good, fai r, p oor)
f. D ri ed correctl y
g. Both ty p es - housi ng b rushed cl ean
4. Uncovered carb uretor i ntake
M-57

Section Seven
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
5. Cl ean carb uretor i ntake
a. Cl ean cl oth and sol vent used
b . Cl eanl i nesss (excel l ent, good, fai r, p oor)
c. D i p i n oi l
6. R eassemb l y
a. Fi l ter el ement
b . Instal l cover
c. R econnect sp ark p l ug
M-58

Section Seven
Oil Bat h Typ e Leader's

i ni ti al s/ date
1. D i sconnect sp ark p l ug wi re
2. R emove ai r cl eaner
a. Free b ai l wi re
or b . R emove wi ng nut
or c. Unscrew cover
3. Cover ai r i ntake
4. M easure sedi ment dep osi t
5. Cl ean p arts i n sol vent
a. Cup
b . Fi l ter
6. R efi l l oi l cup
a. Correct oi l
b . Fi l l l evel (hi gh, onl i ne, l ow)
7. Assemb l e and i nstal l ai r cl eaner
M-59

Section Seven
Dry Filter Type Leader's

i ni ti al s/ date
1. Di sconnect spark pl ug
2. Cl ean around the ai r cl eaner
3. R emove fi l ter el ement
a. R emove stud b ol t
b . R emove cover
c. Cover carb uretor ai r i ntake
4. Fi l ter el ement
a. Damaged, repl ace
b . Paper el ement - cl ean b y tappi ng on fl at surface
c. M oss fi b re, wash i n soapy water
5. R eassemb l y
a. Uncover carb uretor
b . Cl ean fi l ter cover
c. Cl ean carb uretor i ntake
d. R epl ace fi l ter el ement
e. R epl ace cover, ti ghten
M-60

Section Eight
Fuel Strainer Checklist
Screen Type Leader's

i ni ti al s/ date
1. Di sassemb l y
a. Di sconnect the spark pl ug wi re
b . Drai n fuel tank
c. Cl ose fuel shut-off val ve
d. Fuel l i ne removed from tank
e. R emove fuel shut-off val ve and/ or fuel strai ner
2. Cl ean fuel strai ner
a. Use sol vent
b . D ry
3. Assemb l y
a. R epl ace fuel strai ner
b . No cracks or damage to fuel l i ne or repl ace
c. R epl ace fuel l i ne
d. Open fuel shut-off val ve
e. R econnect spark pl ug wi re
M-61

Section Eight
Bowl Type Leader's

i ni ti al s/ date
1. R emoval of the sedi ment b owl
a. D i sconnect sp ark p l ug
b . Cl ose fuel shut-off val ve
c. Loosen jam-nut
d. M ove wi re b ai l
e. Twi st b owl free
2. Cl eani ng the sedi ment b owl
a. R emove gasket
b . R emove strai ner screen
c. Wash screen i n sol vent
d. Cl ean and dry sedi ment b owl
3. D rai n fuel
a. Op en fuel val ve and drai n one cup (250 ml ) of fuel
M-62

Section Eight
Bowl Type Leader's

i ni ti al s/ date
4. R eassemb l y
a. Instal l gasket i n good condi ti on
b . Instal l strai ner
c. Instal l sedi ment b owl
d. Fi l l sedi ment b owl
e. Ti ghten jam-nut
f. Ti ghten b owl agai nst gasket
g. R econnect sp ark p l ug wi re
h. Op erate engi ne to check for l eaks
M-63

Section Eight
Notes
M-64

Section Nine
Crankcase Breather Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
1. R emove crankcase b reather cover
a. D i sconnect the sp ark p l ug wi re
b . Check for l eaks
c. R el ease b reather tub e
d. R emoval of other p arts necessary
2. Check b reather cl earance
a. Sel ecti on of correct feel er guage
b . Check cl earance of reed val ves
c. Check cl earance of di sc val ves
3. D i ssassemb l e p arts i n order
4. Cl eani ng the b reather
a. Sol vent used
b . R i nsed cl ean
c. D ri ed
d. Cl eanl i ness (excel l ent, good, fai r, p oor)
5. Assemb l y
a. Order (correct, p arti al l y correct, p arts l eft over)
M-65

Section Nine
M-66

Section Ten
Lubrication Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
1. Locate oi l fi l ter
2. Cl ean off fi l l er p l ug or cap
3. R emove fi l l er p l ug or cap
4. Identi fy p resence or ab sence of di p sti ck
5. Oi l l evel , no di p sti ck (oi l l ow, oi l correct)
6. Oi l l evel , di p sti ck
a. R emove di p sti ck
b . Wi p e cl ean
c. R ei nsert
d. Check l evel (normal , l ow)
7. Check oi l condi ti on
8. Add oi l (i f l ow)
9. Changi ng oi l
a. Op erate engi ne unti l warm
b . Stop engi ne, di sconnect sp ark p l ug
M-67

Section Ten
Lubrication Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
c. Locate drai n pl ug and cl ean
d. R emove drai n pl ug
e. Drai n fi ve mi nutes
f. R epl ace drai n pl ug
g. R efi l l crankcase wi th oi l
h. Oi l recommended b y manufacturer's speci fi cati ons
i . Area around pl ug cl eaned
j. R econnect spark pl ug, start engi ne
k. Checked for oi l l eaks
l . Stop engi ne
m. R echeck oi l l evel
n. Destroy or cl ean the rags used
M-68

Section Ten
Lubrication - Crossword Puzzle
M-69

Section Ten
Lubrication - Word Search
M-70

Section Eleven
Spark Plug Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
1. R emovi ng the spark pl ug
a. Di sconnect spark pl ug wi re
b . Loosen spark pl ug wi re
c. R emove di rt from around pl ug
d. Correct wrench used
e. R emoved wi thout stri ppi ng threads
f. Gasket removed
2. Checki ng the spark
a. R econnect the wi re
b . Ground pl ug to engi ne
c. Crank engi ne
d. Identi fi cati on of spark qual i ty
3. No Spark
a. Di sconnect wi re
b . Hol d wi re 1/ 2 centi metre from cy l i nder head, crank engi ne
c. Prob l em i denti fi cati on
M-71

Section Eleven
Spark Plug Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
4. Checki ng the p l ug
a. Condi ti on i denti fi cati on
b . Pl ug sel ecti on i f requi red
5. Cl eani ng sp ark p l ugs
a. Cl eaned i n sol vent
b . D ri ed correctl y
c. Threads cl eaned wi th wi re b rush
d. Hard dep osi ts removed
e. Al l l oose materi al removed
f. El ectrodes fi l ed smooth
g. Ground el ectrode i n ori gi nal p osi ti on
6. Sp ark p l ug and sp aci ng
a. Prop er sp aci ng accordi ng to manufacturer's sp eci fi cati ons
a. Feel er guage accordi ng to manufacturer's sp eci fi cati ons
7. Sp ark p l ug i nstal l ati on
a. Hand ti ghten i n p l ace
b . Correctl y ti ghten
c. R econnect wi re
M-72

Section Eleven
Review Checklist for Spark Plugs
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
Identi fy correct sp ark p l ug for a gi ven engi ne
R ecal l p urp ose of sp ark p l ug
Identi fy mai n p arts of sp ark p l ugs
Identi fy engi ne troub l es b y exami ni ng used p l ugs
Locate sp ark p l ug on several engi nes
Handl e sp ark p l ug gentl y
Li st p otenti al ri sks of servi ci ng p l ugs
Sel ect ap p rop ri ate tool s for worki ng on p l ugs
R ecord any work done
Li st three (3) causes of sp ark p l ug fai l ure
Fi nd sp ark gap i n servi ce manual
Notes:
M-73

Section Eleven
Spark Plug - Crossword Puzzle
M-74

Section Eleven
Spark Plug - Word Search
M-75

Section Eleven
M-76

Section Twelve
Carburetor Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
1. Op erati on check (non-starti ng engi nes)
a. R emove sp ark p l ug
b . Thumb over sp ark p l ug hol e
c. Choke val ve cl osed
d. Engi ne cranked wi th starter
e. Fi nger check for fuel
f. Gasol i ne comb usti on chamb er
g. R ei nstal l sp ark p l ug
h. Start engi ne
2. Prob l em i denti fi cati on
3. Carb uretor adjustment
a. Check for ai r l eaks
b . Identi fy i dl e-sp eed stop swi tch
c. Identi fy i dl e-mi xture screw
d. Identi fy hi gh sp eed l oad-adjustment
4. Adjusti ng the carb uretor choke val ve
a. R emove ai r cl eaner
b . Val ve p osi ti on check usi ng the control
M-77

Section Twelve
Carburetor - Crossword Puzzle
M-78

Section Twelve
Carburetor - Word Search
M-79

Section Twelve
Notes
M-80

Section Thirteen
Servicing Battery Checklist I
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
1. Weari ng safety gl asses or goggl es
2. R emove cap s from b attery cel l s
a. Threaded cap s
-exteri or damage (l i ttl e, moderate, extreme)
-i nteri or damage (l i ttl e, moderate, extreme)
b . Snap -down cap (edge damaged, edge not damaged)
c. Cap s set up si de down on b attery case
3. Check b attery fl ui d l evel
a. Cl ean sti ck used
4. Addi ng fl ui d to the b attery
a. D i sti l l ed water
b . Tap water (cl ean)
c. Fi l l ed to correct l evel
d. Over or underfi l l ed
5. R ep l ace cap s
a. Cap s cl ean
b . Cap s soi l ed
c. Vent i n cap cl ean
M-81

Section Thirteen
Servicing Battery Checklist II
Frame and Cab le Connect ions Leader's

i ni ti al s/ date
2. R emove b attery cap s
3. Usi ng the hy drometer
a. El ectrol y te drawn i nto hy drometer
b . Fl oat free i n sol uti on
c. Hel d verti cal l y for readi ng
d. R eadi ng taken at ey e l evel
e. Cel l s tested (al l , one hal f)
f. Hy drometer ri nsed wi th cl ean water
g. Sp eci fi c gravi ty (correct)
h. Interp retati on (correct)
Load Cap acit y Test - volt met er
1. Connecti ng the vol tmeter
a. Correct l ead to p ost
b . Coi l wi re grounded to b attery
2. R eadi ng the vol tage
a. R eadi ng taken whi l e turni ng the starter
b . M axi mum ti me wi th starter not p assed
M-82

Section Thirteen
Servicing Battery Checklist III
Cleaning the Battery Leader's

i ni ti al s/ date
2. Cab l e and ground strap
a. If corroded remove these
b . Ground strap removed fi rst
c. Tag termi nal connecti ons
3. Cl eani ng
a. Wi re b rush used, outsi de surface
b . Sandpaper used, i nsi de surface
c. Battery posts cl eaned
d. Cab l e cl amps cl eaned
e. No l oose di rt or corrosi on on b attery top
f. Breather caps pl ugged
g. Soda and water used for cl eani ng
h. R i nsed wel l
i . Battery dri ed off
4. R econnecti ng
M-83

Section Thirteen
Safety Tips: Working Around Batteries
Protect hands, eyes and clothes
Batteries give off an explosive gas.
No Smoking! No Flames! No Sparks! (grinding, welding etc.)
Battery acid is very corrosive. Rinse any spills immediately
with lots of fresh water.
Battery acid in the eyes? Wash them immediately with a
gentle flow of clean water, holding lids open.

See a doctor fast.
M-84

Section Thirteen
Battery - Crossword Puzzle
M-85

Section Thirteen
Battery - Word Search
M-86

Section Fourteen
Safety Tips: Working Around Fuel/Oil
Have a fire extinguisher handy and know how to use it.
No smoking, lighting of matches, striking sparks around gas
or gas-soaked rags!
Dispose of gas or oil soaked rags in a sealed metal barrel,
preferably outside. Rags left in a pile could start a fire.
Gas fumes are highly explosive. Store gasoline in a
sturdy, sealed, labelled can.
Gas fumes are dangerous to breathe. Provide good
ventilation.
Clean up spills promptly to avoid falls.
M-87

Section Fourteen
Safety Tips: Working Around Fuel/Oil
Dispose of used oil according to local environment laws.
Do not fuel a running or hot engine.
Do not use gas for cleaning parts.
Refuel outdoors if at all possible.
M-88

Section Fourteen
Fuel System - Troubleshooting
Problem: No fuel reaching the carburetor.
Gravity Fed
1. Is there gas in the fuel tank? ! NO ! Fill tank

!
YES
2. Is fuel flow blocked by a dirty filter Clean filter.

!
or a damaged/blocked line? ! YES ! Replace and

clean line.
M-89

Section Fourteen
Fuel System - Troubleshooting
Problem: No fuel reaching the carburetor.
With Fuel Pump
1. Is there gas in the fuel tank? ! NO ! Fill tank

!
YES
2. Are fittings connecting fuel line ! NO ! Correct.

!
to pump and tank tight?

!
YES
3. Is pump filter clean? ! NO !

!
Clean it.
!
YES
4. Is fuel pump working? ! NO ! Repair or

!
Check it. replace .

M-90

Section Fourteen
Fuel - Crossword Puzzle
M-91

Section Fourteen
Fuel - Word Search
M-92

Section Fifteen
Engine Start-up and Shutdown Checklist
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
1. Openi ng fuel shut-off val ve
a. Part recogni ti on
b . Acti vi ty compl eted
2. Cl osi ng the choke
b . Acti vi ty compl eted
or (no pri mer)
a. Igni ti on swi tch off
b . Crank starter
4. Setti ng the throttl e
b . Set at recommended posi ti on
5. Turn on i gni ti on swi tch (i f present)
M-93

Section Fifteen
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
6. Crank the engi ne
Rope wind st art er t ype

a. Wi nd rope around fl y wheel
b . Crank sl owl y to compressi on stroke
c. R ewi nd rope
d. Pul l rope away

-b raced agai nst engi ne
-rope pul l ed strai ght and evenl y
Rope Rewind st art er t ype

a. Crank engi ne to compressi on stroke
b . Sl acken rope
c. R ope al l owed to rewi nd
d. R ope pul l ed b ri skl y and fi rml y
e. R ope not pul l ed out too far
f. Al l ow rope to rewi nd whi l e hol di ng handl e
M-94

Section Fifteen
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
6. Crank the engi ne (cont'd)
Windup starter type

a. Pl ace rel ease l ever i n wi ndup posi ti on
b . Li ft handl e to cranki ng posi ti on
c. Extend handl e to cranki ng posi ti on
d. Wi nd starter
e. Fol d wi ndup handl e to retracted posi ti on
f. M ove rel ease l ever to " run" posi ti on
Electric starter type

a. Locate swi tch
b . Engage swi tch
c. Ti me hel d
(under 10 seconds, 10 to 15 seconds, over 15 seconds)
d. Al l ow swi tch to return to off posi ti on
M-95

Section Fifteen
Leader's
i ni ti al s/ date
St opping t he Eng ine
7. R educe i dl e sp eed
a. No l oad
b . Correct throttl e sp eed
c. Ti me, 1 to 2 mi nutes
8. Turn off i gni ti on
9. Cl ose fuel tank shut-off val ve
M-96

Section Sixteen
Storage Checklist
Junior
Give two reasons why an engine should be stored properly.

Recognize, name and assemble at least 5 tools and supplies for
storage preparation.
Identify at least three jobs that need to be done before storing.

(Refer to checklists for those jobs.)
With assistance, perform at least one of the jobs.
With some assistance, record efforts in record book.

Check small engine at least once during storage period.
M-97

Section Sixteen
Storage Checklist
Intermediate (prerequisite: Junior Level)
Give four reasons why an engine should be stored properly.

Recognize, name and assemble at least 8 tools and supplies for
storage preparation.
Identify at least two jobs that need to be done before storing.
(Refer to checklists for those jobs.)
With assistance, perform at least two major jobs before storage.

Independently record efforts in record book.
Check on small engine at least twice during storage period.
Senior (prerequisite: Intermediate Level)
Assess engine condition and plan for additional service.
Independently assemble tools and supplies for service.

With little assistance, prepare small engine for storage.
(Refer to checklists for the jobs to be done.)
M-98

Section Sixteen
Storage - Crossword Puzzle
M-99

Section Sixteen
Storage - Word Search
M-100

Appendix A
The Twelve Days of 4-H
On the first day of 4-H, my leader sent to me

A small engine, very dirty.
On the second day of 4-H, my leader sent to me

Two cans of gunk
and a small engine, very dirty.
On the third day of 4-H, my leader sent to me

Three air filters, two cans of gunk
And a small engine, very dirty.
On the fourth day of 4-H, my leader sent to me

Four bowl gaskets, three air filters, two cans of gunk
On the fifth day of 4-H, my leader sent to me

Five piston rings.
On the sixth day of 4-H, my leader gave to me

Six new magnetos,
Five piston rings.
M-101

Appendix A
On the seventh day of 4-H, my leader gave to me
Seven carburetors, six new magnetos,
Five piston rings.
On the eighth day of 4-H, my leader gave to me

Eight ring compressors, seven carburetors, six new magnetos,
Five piston rings.
On the ninth day of 4-H, my leader gave to me

Nine connecting rods,
eight ring compressors, seven carburetors, six new magnetos,
Five piston rings.
On the tenth day of 4-H, my leader gave to me

Ten crankcase seals,
nine connecting rods, eight ring compressors, seven carburetors, six
new magnetos,
Five piston rings.
M-102

Appendix A
On the eleventh day of 4-H, my leader gave to me
Eleven new torque wrenches,
Ten crankcase seals, nine connecting rods,
Five piston rings.
On the twelfth day of 4-H, my leader gave to me

Twelve charged batteries,
eleven new torque wrenches, ten crankcase seals, nine connecting rods,
Five piston rings.
M-103

Small
Engines
GLOSSARY
Glossary
Notes
G-106
Small Engine Glossary

Glossary
Abrasive Bushing
a material which is used to wear away a friction type of shaft bearing
some surface
Camshaft
Additive the shaft in an engine which pushes
chemicals which are added to oil to open the intake and exhaust valves
make it work better in the engine
Capacitor
Alloy another name for condenser
a metal made by mixing two or more
base metals (e.g. brass is an alloy of Carbon
copper and zinc) hard, black material which forms when
too much fuel is mixed with air in
Alternating Current (AC) cylinder.
the kind that is used in our homes. The
current flows first in one direction Carburetor
then in the opposite direction. device that mixes gas and air in the
right amount so they can be ignited
Antifreeze
a poisonous liquid which prevents Centrifugal
engines from freezing up. It has a moving away from the centre
lower freezing point and higher boiling
point than water. Combustion
what happens when fuel starts to burn
Bearing
the surface of any part of a machine Condenser
on which another part turns or moves. an electrical device which can collect
and hold electricity G-107
Bore
the diameter of the cylinder

Glossary
Connecting Rod Cylinder Head
connects the piston to the crankshaft metal cover bolted to the top of the
cylinder block
Corrosion
chemical process which causes metal or Diaphragm
other material to slowly be eaten away flat disc of rubber or cloth in a fuel
pump. It separates the fuel tank side
Counterbalance of the pump from the engine side.
weight used to balance a force
Diesel
Crankcase type of engine in which fuel is injected
the part of the cylinder block where into very hot, compressed air to ignite.
the crankshaft revolves
Direct Current (DC)
Crankshaft electric current which flows in only one
the rotating, main shaft in an engine - direction. Direct current can be found
the piston and connecting rods make it in batteries and dry cells.
rotate
Diode
Current device that changes alternating
the flow of electrons through a current to direct current. Also called a
conductor, measured in amperes. rectifier.
Cylinder Block Electrodes

the large, main part of any engine two wire-like parts in a spark plug that
extend into the cylinder to make a gap
for the electric spark to jump across
G-108

Glossary
Electrolyte Governor
a liquid that will conduct electricity. In a speed control for an engine
a battery the electrolyte is water and
sulphuric acid. Ground
an electrical connection or contact to
Extension the cylinder block
part that adds length
Hone
Filter an abrasive tool used to enlarge holes
special screen with tiny holes in it. A and make them very accurate - to
filter screens out dust and dirt but polish very smoothly.
lets air through.
Inhibitor
Flywheel a chemical that stops or prevents
wheel that attaches to the crankshaft. rusting.
It helps start the engine and keep it
running smoothly. Insulator
a material that does not conduct
Friction electricity. Insulators are used to
the resistance between two things contain electricity so it does not cause
rubbing together. Friction causes heat. shock, injury or damage.
Gasket Insulator
a flat piece of material, usually rubber, a type of metal that does not conduct
cork, paper or asbestos which is fitted electricity.
between metal parts to keep fluid or
air from escaping.
G-109

Glossary
Intake Manifold Magneto
the pipe that brings fuel/air mixture a device that makes an electric spark
from the carburetor to the cylinder to ignite fuel in the cylinder.
for combustion.
Mesh
Jet the fine wire of a net or screen
a tube with a small opening to allow air
or liquid to rush through Peen
to bend or flatten some material
Lapping (usually metal)
polishing, using an abrasive mounted on
a special backing such as brass, wool, Pilot
leather etc.. a device on valve seat cutters and
grinders to guide and hold them in the
Lobe correct position while working
a rounded, projecting part of a
revolving shaft. Piston
a cast cylindrical piece of metal which
Lubrication fits in the cylinder of the engine and
adding oil or grease to an engine so the moves up and down.
moving parts slide easily and quickly
without getting too hot. Porcelain
a hard brittle material like china.
Magnet
a piece of metal which has a force field Port
around it which attracts some metals. a hole in a cylinder wall, designed to let
fuel and air in, or exhaust gases out.
G-110

Glossary
Preignition Shroud
the burning of the air/fuel mixture a covering which acts to direct cooling
before normal ignition occurs. air. Also can act as a safety cover.
Radiator Solvent
a device designed to give off heat into a liquid used as a cleaner. Often
the air flammable.
Ratchet Spark Plug

a mechanical device that allows free a device designed to let a spark jump
movement in only one direction at a across a small gap to ignite fuel.
time.
Sprocket
Reamer a wheel with teeth on its edge. These
a tool used to make a hole larger teeth usually catch in holes in chain
links and make another sprocket turn.
Reed
a thin, flat strip of spring material Stationary
fixed in one position
Rotary
turning on a shaft Suction
a force that moves a liquid or air from
r/min or rpm high pressure to low pressure
revolutions per minute
Sump
Short Circuit a container for oil or other liquids.
to make a new, shorter path for
electricity (sometimes unintended). The G-111
original circuit would no longer work.

Glossary
Swivel Transistor
to swing or turn on a hinge pin. a small electronic device used to
control an electric current.
Terminal
a point in electrical devices where Troubleshooting
wires can be connected. a process of figuring out what is wrong
or missing
Thermostat
a device that helps control Tungsten
temperatures of an engine a hard, white metal that is a very good
conductor of electricity.
Throttle
a valve that controls the amount of Universal
fuel and air entering the cylinder of a double-hinged connector used to
the engine. apply torque through a hinge (often
called a U-joint).
Timing Gears
gears used to turn the camshaft and Vacuum
open and close the valves at the right an area of very low air pressure. Air
time. always tries to move into a vacuum.
Torque Valve
the amount of turning force applied to a device used to control the movement
or by a shaft. of gas, air or liquid through an opening.
Valve Lifters
small rods with one flat end, they push
G-112 valve open.

Glossary
Vane
a flat metal or plastic surface fastened
to a shaft and moved by air or wind.
Venturi
a narrow place in a carburetor that
causes a low pressure area around the
fuel jet.
Viscosity
the thickness of a liquid. Maple syrup
has a higher viscosity than water.
Volt
a unit of electrical pressure
Warp
to bend or twist out of shape.
G-113

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SMALL ENGINES

The 4-H Pledge

The 4-H Grace

We thank thee, Lord, for blessings great

printed August 1999

Small Engine Member’s Guide

Small Engine Member’s Guide

Small Engine Member’s Guide

Glossary ...................................................................................... M-105

Small Engine Member’s Guide

Postal Code Age Birthdate

Name of Parent or Guardian

Name of Club Leader

Name of 4-H Region

Number of Years in 4-H Number of Years in Project

Model Type and Serial Number

Small Engine Member’s Guide

The club member will:

develop and demonstrate safe work habits

gain knowledge and skill in use of tools and chemicals

demonstrate proper care and maintenance of a work area

develop skills in leadership, problem-solving, communication,

Small Engine Member’s Guide

Attend regularly. You won’t miss important information,

Listen, then ask questions. You will learn from other

Work on your small engine regularly so you become familiar

Keep organized. Keep parts together. Label tools.

Take pictures of your engine, before, during and after

Keep simple records as you go along. Jot notes in a pocket

Small Engine Member’s Guide

Work safely. If you hurt yourself or another person all the

Be patient with yourself and others. We are all learning.

Small Engine Member’s Guide

What can you see?

worn or missing parts?

is it rough, smooth, intermittent?

Small Engine Member’s Guide

grit in the oil?

Small Engine Member’s Guide

Always take old parts with you when ordering or

Lay parts out in order of disassembly and keep them in

parts in each bag.

Draw a sketch of an assembly before or while you’re

Cut open a large cardboard box and flatten it to protect

If a Phillips screw is extremely tight, put a bit of valve

Small Engine Member’s Guide

Use an old muffin tin to keep nuts, bolts, washers or

Test the simplest and most probable cause of trouble first.

Most small engine service and repair jobs can be done

Small Engine Member’s Guide

& Trouble Shoot

% Service or repair as needed.

Small Engine Member’s Guide

Initial the member’s records at time of completion.

Achievement Day can be a “Recognition/Celebration Day” if checking of

2. Displays completed records for meeting attended.

leaders or other adults.

Small Engine Member’s Guide

2. Displays completed records for meeting attended.

4. Display/exhibit/poster of hazards in the work place, emphasizing

2. Thorough record of year’s work on a small engine including: before

3. Display and answer questions about small engine worked on.