204526 Wireless LANs 1st semester 2002 (June September)

Outline

Physical Layer
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Anan Phonphoem, Ph.D.
anan@cpe.ku.ac.th Intelligent Wireless Network Group (IWING Lab) http://iwing.cpe.ku.ac.th Computer Engineering Department Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Physical Layer Architecture Physical Layer Operations IEEE 802.11 Physical Layer
FHSS DSSS IR

Physical Layer Architecture

MAC Layer PHY SAP PLCP Sublayer PhysicalSAP PMD Layer PMD Sublayer
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PLCP Sublayer

Physical Layer Convergence Procedure Communicate to MAC via primitives

through Physical Layer Service Access Point (SAP) Prepare PLCP protocol data unit (PPDU) (append fields to MPDU) PPDU provides for asynchronous transfer of MPDU between stations
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PMD Sublayer

Physical Layer Operations

Physical Medium Dependent Provide actual transmission and reception

of Physical Layer entities via wireless medium Interface directly to the medium Provides modulation and demodulation of the transmission frame

3 State machines

Carrier Senses: determine the state of the

medium Transmit: send the data frame Receive: receive the data frame

Physical Layer Service Primitives

MAC PLCP PLCP MAC Description
(busy/idle : send every channel changes state) Start TX Transfer Data End TX Reset Clear Channel Assessment state machine Transfer Data PHY-CCA.indication PHY-TXSTART.request PHY-DATA.request PHY-TXEND.request PHY-CCARESET.request PHY-TXSTART.confirm PHY-DATA.confirm PHY-TXEND.confirm PHY-CCARESET.confirm

Carrier Sense Function

MAC PLCP
Station is not in Tx or Rx mode Clear channel assessment
te A.indica PHY-CC
Check me dium

PMD

Medium Idle Clear channel assessment

Sens Carrier

e info

Check me dium

PHY-DATA.indication

te A.indica PHY-CC

Medium Busy Check preamble monitor header Try to synchronize

Sens Carrier

e info

Sens Carrier

e info

PHY-RXSTART.indication Received a valid start frame/PLCP header PHY-RXEND.indication

Transmit Function
MAC
PHY-TXSTA RT.request

Receive Function
PMD MAC PLCP
Clear channel assessment found media busy Check preamble monitor header Check Power level > 85 dBm
n indicatio START. PHY-RX ation TA.indic PHY-DA Sens Carrier e info

PLCP

confirm START. PHY-TX

Switch to TX mode

PMD

Switch to TX mode Sending preamble & header to antenna @ 1 Mbps Transmit data @ specified rate

PHY-DATA.r equest

Pass Data

irm TA.conf PHY-DA

PHY-DATA.r equest

Check CRC Set octet counter

DATA

Pass Data

PHY-TXEND .request

ation TA.indic PHY-DA

Switch to RX mode

nfirm END.co PHY-TX

Switch to RX mode

ication END.ind PHY-RX

Final Octet

Multiple Antenna Diversities

Receive function will operate with

IEEE 802.11 PHY Layer

Single Antenna Multiple Antennas Distance Atmosphere Barrier Decrease the signal strength Use multiple antennas (diversity) to improve the received signal
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Signal Degradation Factors

FHSS Physical Layer DSSS Physical Layer Infrared (IR) Physical Layer

Multiple-path propagation

DATA

irm TA.conf PHY-DA

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FHSS Physical Layer

FHSS Architecture

Lowest cost Lowest power consumption Most tolerant to noise Lowest potential data rate Medium range (< DSSS)

FHSS PLCP Sublayer PHSS PMD Sublayer Primitives

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FHSS PLCP frame

PLCP Preamble
80 bits SYNC 16 bits Start Frame Delimiter 12 bits PLW

FHSS PMD
0-4095 Octets Whitened PSDU

PLCP Header
4 bits PSF 16 bits Header Error Check

Perform actual Tx/Rx of PPDU Provides FHSS modulation/demodulation

Payload (MPDU) stuff Symbols (Reduce DC bias) 16-bit CRC PLCP Signaling Field: data rate (1- 4.5 Mbps) PSDU Length word 0000110010111101: define the beginning of a frame 0 & 1 alternating : synchronization purpose
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FHSS PMD Service Primitives

PLCP PMD PMD PLCP Description
Transfer Data Set Tx/Rx mode Set Ramp up/down Tx power Select antenna (1..N) Put radio in sleep mode Select power level Tx Freq (channel ID) Signal Strength (0-15)
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DSSS Physical Layer

PMD_DATA.request PMD_TXRX.request PMD_PA_RAMP.request PMD_ANTSEL.request PMD_PWRMGMT.request PMD_TXPWRLVL.request PMD_FREQ.request

PMD_DATA.indicate

Highest cost Highest power consumption Highest potential data rate More range

PMD_RSSI.indication

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DSSS Architecture

DSSS PLCP frame

PLCP Preamble
128 bits SYNC 16 bits Start Frame Delimiter 8 bits Signal

DSSS PLCP Sublayer DSSS PMD Sublayer Primitives

PLCP Header
8 bits Service 16 bits Length 8 bits Frame Check Sequence

MPDU

16-bit CRC #microsec. To transmit the MPDU Reserved Modulation type: data rate 1111001110100000: define the beginning of a frame
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0 & 1 alternating : synchronization purpose

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DSSS PMD

DSSS PMD Service Primitives

PLCP PMD PMD PLCP Description
Transfer Data Start Tx End Tx Select power level PMD_ANTSEL.indicate PMD_RATE.indicate PMD_ED.indicate PMD_RSSI.indication PMD_SQ.indicate PMD_CS.indicate PMD_CAA.indicate Select antenna (1..N) Select data rate Energy > Threshold Signal Strength (0-15) Signal Quality (PN code) Valid 802.11 DS Detect RF as CCA algo.22 PMD_DATA.request PMD_TXSTART.request PMD_TXEND.request PMD_TXPWRLVL.request PMD_ANTSEL.request PMD_RATE.request PMD_ED.request PMD_DATA.indicate

Perform actual Tx/Rx of PPDU Provides DSSS modulation/demodulation

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IR Physical Layer

IR Architecture

Lowest cost Highest tolerant to RF noise example ! Lowest range Need ceiling More secure No frequency regulating No product ? IrDA: Infrared Data Association Standard
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IR PLCP Sublayer IR PMD Sublayer

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IR PLCP frame
PLCP Preamble
57-73 slots SYNC 4 slots Start Frame Delimiter

IR PMD
16 slots Frame Check Sequence 0-2500 octets MPDU

PLCP Header
3 slots 32 slots Data Rate DC Level Adjust. 16 slots Length

Mostly use diffused infrared Perform actual Tx/Rx of PPDU, translate Provides IR modulation/demodulation Pulse position modulation :PPM For 1 Mbps For 2 Mbps
Vary position of pulse
16 PPM 4 PPM
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binary to infrared light

16-bit CRC #microsec. To transmit the MPDU Specified for 1 and 2 Mbps Data rate 1001: define the beginning of a frame Pulse alternating : synchronization purpose
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Pulse Position Modulation

Data bits 16-PPM signal
0000 0001 1000 00000000 00000001 00000000 00000010 10000000 00000000

Data bits 4-PPM signal

00 01 10 11 0001 0010 0100 1000

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