Chinmayananda Saraswati

Chinmayananda

A portrait of Chinmayananda in
1990
Personal
Born Balakrishna Menon
8 May 1916
Ernakulam, Cochin
Princely State, British
India (present-day
Kerala)
Died 3 August 1993
(aged 77)
San Diego,
California, U.S.
Resting place:
Sidhbari
Religion Hinduism
Founder of Chinmaya Mission
Vishva Hindu
Parishad
Philosophy Advaita Vedanta
 Religious career
Guru Sivananda Saraswati
Tapovan Maharaj
Disciples
Swami Tejomayananda
Swami Swaroopananda
Swami Dayananda
Literary The Holy Geeta[1]
works and many others[2]

Quotation
"The tragedy of human history is that
there is decreasing happiness in the
midst of increasing comforts."
"The real guru is the pure intellect
within; and the purified, deeply aspiring
mind is the disciple."
"We may often give without love, but we
can never love without giving."

Swami Chinmayananda Saraswati (born Balakrishna Menon; 8 May 1916 – 3 August 1993) was a
Hindu spiritual leader and a teacher. In 1951, he founded Chinmaya Mission, a worldwide nonprofit
organisation, in order to spread the knowledge of Advaita Vedanta, the Bhagavad Gita, the Upanishads,
and other ancient Hindu scriptures. Through the Mission, Chinmayananda spearheaded a global Hindu
spiritual and cultural renaissance that popularised these spiritual texts and values, teaching them in English
all across India and abroad.

Chinmayananda was originally a journalist and participated in the Indian independence movement. Under
the tutelage of Swami Sivananda and later Tapovan Maharaj, he began studying Vedanta and took the vow
of sannyasa. He gave his first jñāna yajña, or lecture series about Hindu spirituality, in 1951, starting the
work of the Mission. Today, Chinmaya Mission encompasses more than 300 centres in India and
internationally and conducts educational, spiritual, and charitable activities.[3]

Chinmayananda's approach was characterized by an appeal to the English-educated Indian middle class
and Indian diaspora; he gave lectures and published books in English. Chinmayananda also helped found
the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), an Indian right-wing Hindu organization that is considered a member of
the Sangh Parivar. In 1964, he convened delegates to create the VHP at Sandeepany ashram and served as
the organisation's first president.[4] He aimed to "awake(n) the Hindus and to make them conscious of their
proud place in the comity of nations," saying that, "Let us convert Hindus to Hinduism, then everything
will be all right."[5]: 4 2 

Chinmayananda authored 95 publications, including commentaries on the major Upanishads and Bhagavad
Gita. He was a visiting professor of Indian philosophy at several American and Asian universities, and he
conducted university lecture tours in many countries.

Biography
Swami Chinmayananda was a tireless worker and spent most of his life traveling, lecturing, and teaching.
He had a unique style of teaching that combined humor, wit, and practical examples to explain complex
concepts.

Indian independence movement and imprisonment

Approaching August 1942, in the midst of a wide-scale attempt by Indian activists to make the British
"Quit India," Balan was one of the students to join in writing and distributing leaflets to stir up national
pride. A warrant was issued for his arrest. When word of this reached him, he went undercover spending
the next year moving around in the state of Abbottabad, out of range of British officials, and then moved to
Delhi.[6]: 2 5–26 

In 1944, almost two years after the British had issued his arrest warrant, believing his case was long
forgotten, Balan arrived in Punjab and associated himself with several freedom groups. He advised students
on distributing leaflets and organising public strikes but was arrested and imprisoned.[7] He spent several
months in unhygienic conditions in prison and caught typhus. This caused him to be among those who
were carried out into the night and tossed beside a road on the outskirts of the city, where he was found by
a passing Indian Christian. Reminded of her son serving in the army, she took him to her home and called
for a doctor, who insisted that he be taken to a hospital.

Career in journalism

Balan slowly recovered his health. K. Rama Rao gave Balan his
first job, as a journalist at The National Herald, a young newspaper
that had been founded a few years back by Jawaharlal
Nehru.[8][9]: 2 6  He wrote a series of articles on the imperative of
socialism in a society where the vast majority of people were poor.
He covered subjects ranging from history and culture to social and
political issues. Articles such as "In Praise of the Postman," and
"The Mochi—Symbol of Craftsmanship," gained him a reputation
as a controversial character. In 1947, he began a new series of
articles for The Commonweal.[6]: 3 1 

Study of Vedanta
Balan's article "The Mochi, Symbol
It was while working as a journalist that he travelled to Sivananda's of Craftmanship," published in the
ashram in Rishikesh for this purpose of writing an exposé of the National Herald on December 20,
sadhus. He later said, "I went not to gain knowledge, but to find 1946.
out how the swamis were keeping up the bluff among the
masses."[10] In the summer of 1947, Balan arrived in Rishikesh, by
the banks of the Ganges and made the one-mile hike to the Divine Life Society, the ashram of Swami
Sivananda. The sages opened his eyes. Balan extended his stay from a week to a month, then more and
more. At the age of 31, he went from being a sceptic to an enthusiast, finally becoming a renunciate monk.
He began reading more about Hindu scriptures and reviewing spiritual books. Sivananda recognised
Balan's latent talents and entrusted him to organise a Gita Committee.[11] Having returned to the Divine
Life Society ashram, on 25 February 1949, the holy day of Mahashivratri, Balan was initiated into
sannyasa (Hindu vow of renunciation) by Sivananda, who gave him the name Swami Chinmayananda, or
"bliss of pure Consciousness."[7]

With Sivananda's blessing,

Chinmayananda sought out
one of the greatest Vedantic
masters of his time,
Tapovan Maharaj of
Uttarkashi, and devoted the
next few years of his life to
Chinmayananda on the day of his an intensive study of
Sannyas initiation, standing on the Vedanta under his
[7]
tutelage. As his disciple,
right of Sivananda Saraswati and
Swami Tapovan Maharaj and Swami
other disciples, 25 February 1949, from 1949,
Chinmayananda at Uttarkashi, 1956
Maha Shivratri Day, Rishikesh. Chinmayananda led an
extremely austere lifestyle
and underwent a rigorous study of the scriptures.

Launch of spiritual movement

In 1951, flying in the face of orthodox Hindu traditions but with the
blessings of his guru, Chinmayananda decided to bring the
teachings of Vedanta to the masses. In May of that year, he left the
Himalayas with a plan to set out on an all-India tour and to visit
places of worship to see how Hindu religious heritage was being
handed down. He said of that time: “I was miserably disillusioned
and disappointed about  ... the stuff doled out as the best in
Hinduism. ... My experiences during those five months of roaming Swami Chinmayananda's impromptu
only strengthened my conviction that I must execute ... Upanishad satsang in an alley
Jñāna Yajña sessions (lecture series) all over India, in all the great
cities."[12]: 1 5 

Chinmayananda held his first lecture series at a Ganesha temple in the city of Pune in December 1951.[13]
His audiences soon swelled from a handful into thousands.[12]: 1 6  Army officers from the Southern
Command attended and the audience overflowed into the lanes near the temple.[6]: 8 2  Everyone in the
audience, man and woman, across all social strata, was asked to participate in the rituals.[6]: 9 3 

Chinmaya Mission

At the end of the second jñāna yajña in Madras in 1953, a handful

of people expressed the desire to create a forum for the study and
discussion of Vedanta. Chinmayananda agreed in principle, but he
said, "Don't start any organization in my name. I have not come
here to be institutionalized. I have come here to give the message of
our ancient sages, which has benefited me. If it has benefited you,
pass it on."[6]: 1 20 

Audience at a jñāna yajña by Swami

Chinmayananda in South India
The Madras group insisted that the best way to "pass it on" was through the support of a forum. They
wrote back pointing out that the word "Chinmaya" did not have to indicate Chinmayananda's name, since,
in Sanskrit, the word itself means "pure Knowledge," which they were seeking. He conceded. On 8
August 1953, the Chinmaya Mission was formed.

Before long, hundreds of study groups were set up all over the country for people to get together in small
batches to study religion and philosophy in a systematic manner. Devi groups were organised for women to
take up regular spiritual study and social work.[14]: 6 9 

In 1956, the 23rd jñāna yajña in Delhi was inaugurated by the President of India, Rajendra Prasad. He
spoke highly of the work Chinmayananda was doing to restore India's cultural glory. In a span of five
years, Chinmayananda had instructed over 50,000 of his countrymen through 25 jñāna yajñas across the
country.[6]: 1 12 

On 6 March 1965, Chinmayananda set out on his first global teaching tour, covering 39 cities in 18
countries: Thailand, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, United States, Mexico, Spain, United Kingdom,
Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, Germany, Denmark, France, Switzerland, Italy, Greece and
Lebanon.[6]: 2 33  Over the next 28 years, he continued these international discourses, staying only a week or
so in each place, delivering a minimum of two lectures a day, and handling numerous meetings, interviews,
discussions, and programs.[14]: 8 9  He wrote scores of letters a day.[14]: 8 8 

It soon became necessary to co-ordinate the growing spiritual

movement in the United States. Chinmaya Mission West was
formed in 1975 for this purpose.[15]

Chinmayananda's message resonated with heads of other faiths.

One of his yajñas in Bombay was inaugurated by Cardinal Valerian
Gracias, a prominent Catholic archbishop of the time.[14]: 7 8  The
Dalai Lama, head of the Tibetan Buddhist order, visited with him at
the Chinmaya Mission ashram in Sidhbari in 1981.[16]
Chinmayananda was a supporter of interfaith dialogue and Swami Chinmayananda leading the
participated in many interfaith events. prayer at an interfaith seminar,
Harvard University, Massachusetts,
In 1992, he undertook a lecture tour of twelve US universities to 1971
establish an international library and research center, the Chinmaya
International Foundation, in Kerala, India.[14]: 8 3 

Vishva Hindu Parishad

In 1963, Swami Chinmayananda wrote an article airing the idea of calling for a World Hindu Council,
inviting delegates from throughout the world to discuss the difficulties and needs concerning the "survival
and development of Hindu culture."[17] This attracted the attention of RSS pracharak S. S. Apte, who was
airing similar ideas at that time.

In the same year, Chinmaya Mission collected Rs. 10,000 to fund the construction of the Vivekananda
Rock Memorial, which the RSS was building at the time in Kanyakumari. Additionally, in August 1964,
the Pope announced that the International Eucharistic Conference would be held in November in
Bombay,[18] and stated that a specific number of Hindus would be converted to Christianity;
Chinmayananda announced in response that he would convert an even greater number of people to
Hinduism.[19][20][21][22]
Apte and Chinmayananda jointly organised such a conference at the Sandeepany ashram in August 1964,
which resulted in the founding of the Vishva Hindu Parishad. Swami Chinmayananda was elected as
president and Apte as general secretary of the new organisation.[4]

According to Chinmayananda, the VHP was founded in order to

awake(n) the Hindus and to make them conscious of their proud place in the comity of nations.
Once we have made every Hindu conscious of his own identity, the Parishad has done its job
and we shall feel fully rewarded... ...

Let us convert Hindus to Hinduism, then everything will be all right.[5]: 4 2 

He also believed that the VHP should be focused on educating members of the Hindu diaspora and their
children about knowledge of their "cultural duties and spiritual values" and give them the opportunity to
"learn, to appreciate and involve themselves in our tradition".[5]: 4 3  In the 1980s, Chinmayananda also
supported the VHP's Ekatmata Yatras, stating that those who oppose the yatras "have no respect for
national unity and suffer from alienation from the country."[23]: 4 4 

In 1992, Chinmayananda attended the Vishwa Hindu Parishad's 5th European Hindu Conference in
Frankfurt, Germany, where the ongoing Ayodhya dispute was a major topic of discussion. During the
conference, he stated that the 14 pillars of the Babri Masjid that were identifiable as Hindu temple pillars
should be turned over to the Hindus.[24] The mosque was illegally destroyed by VHP activists later that
year in an escalation of the Ayodhya dispute.

In January 1993, he gave an interview to Ram Madhav in which he discussed the demolition of the Babri
Masjid. Comparing it to the fall of the Berlin Wall, he asserted that "pulling down that structure is nothing
wrong" because it was not really used as a mosque.[25][26] "[F]irst let us have this Rama Temple," he said,
after which there were "two more monuments which are built upon our Krishna’s birth place and Kashi
Viswanath." He stated that enthusiasm for the Ram Temple today was not enough, asking Hindus, "Are we
ready to live Rama’s life?"[25]

At the time of his death, Chinmayananda was to have been a featured speaker at the World Vision 2000
Global Conference in Washington, D.C., from Aug. 6 through 8, staged by the VHP to mark the centenary
of Swami Vivekananda's 1893 address to the Parliament of World Religions.[27][28] On August 8, five days
after Chinmayananda died, conference delegates observed a moment of silence in tribute to him.[27]

Death

Chinmayananda had chronic heart problems. He had his first heart attack in 1969, when his treatment at the
newly opened Chinmaya Mission Hospital in Bangalore made him its first patient.[14]: 9 5  In the summer of
1980, when he was in the United States for a series of jnana yajnas, he had to undergo multiple heart
bypass surgeries in Texas.[6]: 4 05 

On 26 July 1993, he suffered breathing problems in San Diego, California. Taken to Scripps Memorial
Hospital in La Jolla, he was later transferred to Sharp Memorial Hospital, where he had a quintuple bypass
surgery on 29 July. But his condition continued to be critical and he was put on a life-support
system.[6]: 4 30  He died five days later at 5:45 PM on 3 August 1993, aged 77.[27] His followers mark the
date as the occasion when he attained mahasamadhi.[6]: 4 31 
On 7 August 1993, thousands of people were at Indira Gandhi International Airport in New Delhi when his
body returned to India. It was transported to Sidhbari, Himachal Pradesh, where it was finally laid to rest in
accordance with Vedic ritual. A mahasamadhi shrine has been built there.[6]: 4 33–434 

At the time of his death, Chinmayananda was to have spoke at the VHP's World Vision 2000 Global
Conference in Washington, D.C. and led the Hindu delegation for the 1993 Parliament of World's
Religions, both events which took place later that August.[29][27]

Tribute

Forty years after his first jñāna yajña, on 24 December 1991, Chinmayananda's devotees gathered in
Mumbai to offer him an amount of gold equal to his body weight, presented to him on a tula (ceremonial
balance scale) in an age-old ritual called suvarņa tulābhāram. The funds generated were used to support
the myriad service projects and programs of Chinmaya Mission.[30]

Legacy

Chinmaya Mission

Chinmayananda established ashrams around the world as places for spiritual retreat, study, and
practice.[6]: 3 24 

There are numerous and diverse devotional, spiritual, cultural, and social projects that the Chinmaya
Mission continues to administer and conduct in Chinmayananda's memory, including the Bala Vihar,[31] the
Chinmaya Yuva Kendra (CHYK, the global youth wing of Chinmaya Mission),[6]: 1 60  and Chinmaya
Study Groups for adults, which are also known as Devi Groups.[6]: 1 56  The Mission has also constructed
over 58 temples in India and abroad[6]: 3 27  and it operates the Chinmaya Organisation for Rural
Development (CORD), which was founded by Chinmayananda to facilitate integrated sustainable
development for the poor through self-empowerment.[32]

Chinmaya International Foundation

He established the Chinmaya International Foundation at the Tharavad house of Adi Shankara which the
foundation bought - in the village Veliyanad in Eranakulam District in Kerala.

Nursery school

From its beginnings in 1965 at a nursery school inaugurated by Chinmayananda in Kollengode, Kerala
(India), today there are over 76 Chinmaya Vidyalayas (schools), seven Chinmaya colleges, and the
Chinmaya International Residential School in India, and the first Chinmaya Vidyalaya outside India's
borders, in Trinidad, West Indies.[33]

Medical facilities

Chinmayananda inaugurated the Chinmaya Mission Hospital in 1970. The facility has grown into a
modern, fully equipped 200-bed hospital in Bangalore in Karnataka, India.
In the late 1970s, Chinmayananda established rural health care services in Sidhbari, Himachal Pradesh,
India.[34]

Publications

Chinmayananda authored 95 publications in his lifetime, including forty commentaries on classical

scriptural texts, eight compilations, 13 co-authored works and 34 original works. Over the years, luxury
hotels in India started keeping a copy of his commentary on the Bhagavad-gita in all their guest rooms. His
books, written in English, have been translated into numerous regional Indian languages, including Hindi,
Tamil, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu, Kannada, Odia, Bengali, Sindhi, and Urdu[6]: 1 76  and in one
European language, French. His birth centenary has been celebrated with publication of Chinmaya Birth
Centenary Series. A series of 12 books are being published. The eleventh in the series is on Sadhana - the
spiritual trail. The book is named as 'Life of I[35]'

BMI chart

The BMI (Body Mind Intellect) Chart is a teaching tool innovated by Chinmayananda that became one of
his hallmarks. It categorises the totality of human experience, according to the science of Vedanta, by
drawing on 11 characters of the English and Devanagari alphabets.[36]

Honours and recognition

On 2 December 1992, Chinmayananda addressed the United

Nations and the talk was titled "Planet in Crisis."[37]

The US magazine, Hinduism Today, conferred him with its Hindu

Renaissance Award and the title of "Hindu of the Year" in 1992.[38]

In 1993, he was selected as "President of Hindu Religion" for the Prime Minister Modi addresses the
Centennial Conference of the Parliament of the World's Religions audience at the release of a
in Chicago, where Swami Vivekananda had given his address one commemorative coin to mark the
hundred years previously. He was also to be honoured for his birth centenary of Swami
selfless service to humanity in Washington, DC at "World Vision Chinmayananda, in New Delhi on
2000," a conference of religious leaders organised by Vishva May 08, 2015.
Hindu Parishad on 6–8 August 1993. He did not attend either of
the latter two functions, as he died on 3 August 1993.[39]

On 8 May 2015, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a commemorative coin to mark his birth
centenary.[40]

Biopic
In 2014, On a Quest, an English-language biopic featuring the life and works of Chinmayananda, was
released.[41] In June 2022, the movie was released to the public on YouTube in English, Hindi and Sanskrit
languages.[42] In August 2022, the movie was released in Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam
languages.[43][44][45]

See also
Dayananda Saraswati (Arsha Vidya)

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External links
Chinmaya Mission Worldwide (http://www.chinmayamission.com/)
Chinmayananda Saraswati (https://curlie.org/Society/Religion_and_Spirituality/Hinduism/G
urus_and_Saints/Swami_Chinmayananda/) at Curlie
Works by or about Chinmayananda Saraswati (https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%
28subject%3A%22Chinmayananda%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Chinmayananda%2
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nanda%22%29%20OR%20%28%221916-1993%22%20AND%20Chinmayananda%29%2
9%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29) at Internet Archive

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