Universidad Tecnológica Gral.

Mariano Escobedo

TSU en Mecatrónica, área Automatización

Materia: Circuitos Electrónicos.

Unidad 2. Transistore

Profesor: Agustín Cortés Loredo

Santiago Hernández Ulloa. 302210128

2° Cuatrimestre A ‘’BIS’’

Monterrey, Nuevo León a 28 de junio del 2023

What is a transistor?
A transistor (transfer resistor) is a type of semiconductor electronic device, capable
of modifying an output electrical signal in response to an input signal, serving as an
amplifier, switch, oscillator or rectifier.
Transistors operate on a current flow, operating as amplifiers (receiving a weak
signal and generating a strong one) or as switches (receiving a signal and cutting it
off) of it. This occurs depending on which of the three positions a transistor
occupies at a given time, and which are:
• Active. The passage of a variable current level (more or less current) is allowed.
• In court. It does not let electric current through.
• In saturation. It allows the entire flow of the electric current (maximum current) to
pass.
In this sense, the transistor works like a stopcock of a pipe: if it is totally open it lets
in all the flow of water, if it is closed it does not let anything pass, and in its
intermediate positions it lets more or less water pass.
Now, every transistor is composed of three elements: base, collector and emitter.
The first is the one that mediates between the emitter (where the current flow
enters) and the collector (where the current flow comes out). And it does so, in
turn, activated by a smaller electric current, different from that modulated by the
transistor.
In this way, if the base does not receive current, the transistor is located in the cut-
off position; if it receives an intermediate current, the base will open the flow in a
certain amount; And if the base receives enough current, then the dam will be fully
opened and the total of the modulated current will pass.
It is thus understood that the transistor operates as a way to control the amount of
electricity that passes at a given time, thus allowing the construction of logical
interconnection relationships.

Types of transistors
There are several types of transistors:
• Point contact transistor. Also called "contact tip", it is the oldest type of transistor
and operates on a germanium base. It was a revolutionary invention, even though
it was difficult to manufacture, fragile and noisy. Today it is no longer employed.

• Bipolar junction transistor. Manufactured on a crystal of semiconductor material,

which is contaminated in a selective and controlled manner with arsenic or
phosphorus atoms (electron donors), to generate the base, emitter and collector
regions.

• Field effect transistor. In this case, a silicon bar or some other similar
semiconductor is used, in whose terminals ohmic terminals are established, thus
operating by positive voltage.

• Phototransistors. This is the name given to light-sensitive transistors, in spectra

close to the visible. So they can be operated by means of electromagnetic waves
at a distance.

Melody generator circuit