ENGINEERING WORKSHOP COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SECTION -03

ENGINEERING
WORKSHOP

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ENGINEERING WORKSHOP COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SECTION -03

❖ EXPERIMENT 1: Peripherals of a
computer:

1. Monitor:
• The monitor displays the video and graphics information generated by the computer through
the video card. Monitors are very similar to televisions but usually display information at a much
higher resolution.

• The Monitor is Also Known As: screen, display, video display, video screen.

2. Keyboard:
• The keyboard is an input device designed to enter text, characters and other commands into a
computer or similar device.

• Many keyboards are wireless, communicating with the computer via Bluetooth or an RF receiver.

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3. Mouse:
• The mouse is an input device designed to manipulate objects on the computer screen.
• The Mouse is Also Known As: pointer

4. Cabinet:
• Computer cabinets are fitted with doors and side panels (which may or may not be removable).
Cabinets enclose a rack, which is a frame that provides a means for mounting electronic equipment.

• Cabinets come in a variety of styles, colors, and many contain baffles, fans, and other features.

5. SMPS:
• SMPS stands for Switched Mode Power Supply. It is basically a power supply unit in everything
from TVs to LCD monitors, camcorders to printers and fax machines. It's been in use in the military
before it made its way into consumer electronics.

• A Switched-mode power supply (also Switching-mode power supply, SMPS, or simply Switcher) is
an electronic Power Supply Unit (PSU) that incorporates a switching regulator in order to provide
the required output voltage.

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6. ATX Cable:

• ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended) is a motherboard form factor specification developed

by Intel in 1995 to improve on previous de facto standards like the AT form factor. mains voltage
switch with the four pins connected to wires from a four-core cable.

7. Motherboard:
• The motherboard serves to connect all of the parts of a computer together. The CPU, Memory
drives and other ports and expansion cards all connect to the motherboard directly or via cables.

• The motherboard can be thought of as the "back bone" of the computer.

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8. Processor:
• The processor (CPU, for Central Processing Unit) is the computer's brain.

• It allows the processing of numeric data, meaning information entered in binary form, and the
execution of instructions stored in memory.

9. Heat Sink fan:

• A component designed to lower the temperature of an electronic device by dissipating heat into the
surrounding air. All modern CPUs require a heat sink. Some also require a fan.

• A heat sink without a fan is called a passive heat sink; a heat sink with a fan is called an active heat
sink. Heat sinks are generally made of an aluminium alloy and often have fins.

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10. North Bridge:

• The northbridge is part of a family of Intel microchips, used to manage data
communications between a CPU and a motherboard within Intel chipsets based on . It is designed to
be paired with a second support chip known as a south bridge.
• The northbridge has historically been one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a PC
motherboard, the other being the southbridge. Increasingly these functions have migrated to the CPU
chip itself, beginning with memory and graphics controllers.

11. South Bridge:

• The southbridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a personal
computer (PC) motherboard, the other being the north bridge. The southbridge typically implements
the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a northbridge/southbridge chipset computer
architecture.
• In Intel chipset systems, the southbridge is named Input/Output Controller Hub (ICH). AMD,
beginning with its Fusion APUs, has given the label FCH, or Fusion Controller Hub, to its
southbridge.
• The southbridge can usually be distinguished from the northbridge by not being directly connected to
the CPU.

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12. CMOS:
• Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) is a technology for constructing integrated
circuits. CMOS technology is used in microprocessors, microcontrollers, static RAM, and
other digital logic circuits.

• CMOS technology is also used for several analog circuits such as image sensors (CMOS
sensor), data converters, and highly integrated transceivers for many types of communication. Frank
Wanlass patented CMOS in 1967.

13. RAM:
• RAM is an acronym for random access memory, a type of computer that can be accessed randomly;
that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes. RAM is the most
common type of memory found in computers and other devices, such as printers.

14. CD – ROM:
• A CD-ROM is a pre-pressed compact disc which contains data. The name is an acronym which
stands for "Compact Disc Read-only memory". Computers can read CD-ROMs, but cannot write on
them.
• CD-ROMs are popularly used to distribute computer software, including video games and
multimedia applications, though any data can be stored (up to the capacity limit of a disc
• These are called enhanced CDs.

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15. BIOS:
• BIOS is a chip located on all motherboards that contain instructions and setup for how your system
should boot and how it operates.

• In the picture to the right, is an example of what a BIOS chip may look like on your computer
motherboard. In this example, this is a picture of an AMIBIOS, a type of BIOS manufacture by
the AMI another good example of a BIOS manufacturer is Phoenix.

16. Hard Disk

• A hard disk is part of a unit, often called a "disk drive," "hard drive," or "hard disk drive," that stores
and provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data on an electromagnetically charged
surface or set of surfaces.

• Today's computers typically come with a hard disk that contains several billion bytes (gigabytes)
of storage.

17. CD Drive:

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ENGINEERING WORKSHOP COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SECTION -03

• In computing, an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic
waves within or near the visible light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or
from optical discs.

• Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both readers and recorders,
also called burners or writers. Compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs are common types of optical
media which can be read and recorded by such drives. Optical drive is the generic name; drives are
usually described as "CD" "DVD", or "Blu-ray", followed by "drive", "writer", etc.

18. Jumper Pin:

• In electronics and particularly computing, a jumper is a short length of conductor used to close a
break in, or bypass part of, an electrical circuit.

• Jumpers are typically used to set up or configure printed circuit boards, such as
the motherboards of computers.

19. SATA cable:

• Serial ATA (SATA) is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage
devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives.

• Serial ATA replaces the older AT Attachment standard (ATA; later referred to as Parallel ATA or
PATA), offering several advantages over the older interface: reduced cable size and cost (seven

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conductors instead of 40), native hot swapping, faster data transfer through higher signalling rates,
and more efficient transfer through an (optional) I/O queuing protocol.

20. PCI Slots:

• PCI slots are general purpose slots that take a wide variety of cards, such as network cards and sound
cards.

• They only run at 33MHz and are slowly becoming obsolete as more cards are now being made for
the newer and faster PCI Express slots instead. When PCI slots appeared in computers they replaced
ISA slots, which you will only find in older PCs.

21. VGA Cable:

• A Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector is a three-row 15-pin DE-15 connector. The 15-pin
VGA connector is found on many video cards, computer monitors, and high definition
television sets.

• On laptop computers or other small devices, a mini-VGA port is sometimes used in place of the full-
sized VGA connector.

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22. Speakers:
• Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers, are speakers external to a computer, that disable the
lower fidelity built-in speaker.

• They often have a low-power internal amplifier. The standard audio connection is a 3.5 mm
(approximately 1/8 inch) stereo phone connector often color-coded lime green (following the PC
99 standard) for computer sound cards.

23. Printer:
• In computing, a printer is a peripheral which produces a representation of an electronic document on
physical media such as paper or transparency film.

• Many printers are local peripherals connected directly to a nearby personal computer. Individual
printers are often designed to support both local and network connected users at the same time.

• Some printers can print documents stored on memory cards or from digital cameras and scanners.

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24. Parallel ports:

• A parallel port is a type of interface found on computers (personal and otherwise) for connecting
peripherals. In computing, a parallel port is a parallel communication physical interface.

• It is also known as a printer port or Centronics port. It was a de facto industry standard for many
years, and was finally standardized as IEEE 1284 in the late 1990s, which defined a bi-directional
version of the port.

25. Serial Ports:

• In computing, a serial port is a serial communication physical interface through which information
transfers in or out one bit at a time (in contrast to a parallel port).

• Throughout most of the history of personal computers, data was transferred through serial ports
connected the computer to devices such as terminals and various peripherals.

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26. NIC Card:

• A network interface controller (NIC) (also known as a network interface card, network
adapter, LAN adapter and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects
a computer to a computer network.

27. Graphic Card:

• A video card (also called a video adapter, display card, graphics card, graphics board, display
adapter or graphics adapter) is an expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a
display.
• Most video cards offer various functions such as accelerated rendering of 3Dscenes and 2D
graphics, MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV output, or the ability to connect multiple monitors (multi-
monitor).

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28. LAN Card:

• With the increasing use of the computers and the networking the local area network of the LAN is
one such network type which links the two computers in a connection.
• For this connection a Local area network card or the LAN card is required which enables the
connection of the computers in a network. It is a piece of hardware which is connected inside the PC
linking the computer network.

29. USB:
❖ Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines
the cables, connectors and communications protocols used in a bus for connection,
communication andpower supply between computers and electronic devices.

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❖ EXPERIMENT 2: CERTIFICATE
GAYATRI VIDYA PARISHAD COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
(AUTONOMOUS)
MADHURAWADA, VISHAKAPATNAM -530048

CERTIFICATE
Certified that this is a bonafide record of practical work done by
ROLL NO of B.Tech
Semester in the _ Lab, in the Department of during the
Academic Year.

No of Experiments done:

Signature of Faculty

Signature of Internal examiner:

Signature of External examiner:
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❖ EXPERIMENT 3 : DOCUMENT
GRAVITY
In physics, gravity from latin gravitas 'weight' is a
fundamental interaction which causes mutual attraction between
all things with mass or energy. Gravity is, by far, the weakest of
the four fundamental interactions, approximately 10 38 times
weaker than the strong interaction, 1036 times weaker than
the electromagnetic force and 1029 times weaker than the weak
interaction. As a result, it has no significant influence at the level
of subatomic particles. However, gravity is the most significant
interaction between objects at the macroscopic scale, and it
determines
the motion of planets,stars,galaxies and even light.
ON earth, gravity gives weight to physical objects, and the moon gravity
is responsible for sublunar tides in the oceans (the corresponding antipodal tide
is caused by the inertia of the Earth and Moon orbiting one another). Gravity also
has many important biological functions, helping to guide the growth of
plants through the process of gravitopism and influencing the circulation of
fluids in multicellular organisms. Investigation into the effects of weightlessness
has shown that gravity may play a role in immune system function and
cell differentiation within the human body .

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravity

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 ENGINEERING WORKSHOP COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING SECTION -03

❖ EXPERIMENT 4: ABSTRACT
E-WASTE
❖ ABSTRACT:
Electronic waste (e-waste) has emerged as a pressing
global environmental challenge, fueled by the rapid pace of technological advancements and the
resulting obsolescence of electronic devices.The improper disposal and inadequate management of e-waste
pose significant risks to human health, as well as to the environment due to the presence of hazardous
substances. This abstract highlights the urgency of addressing the e-waste crisis and presents sustainable
solutions to effectively manage and reduce e-waste.

❖ APPROACH:
Overviewing of the different approaches importance
of implementing comprehensive e-waste management systems that encompass various stages of the
product lifecycle, from design to disposal. This includes encouraging manufacturers to adopt eco-friendly
design practices, such as modular and upgradable components, as well as promoting the use of
environmentally friendly materials. Additionally, the abstract discusses the significance of proper
collection, recycling, and responsible disposal processes, with an emphasis on the role of government
policies, public awareness campaigns, and collaboration between stakeholders can be some of the solutions.

❖ CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, addressing the e-waste crisis requires a
holistic approach that integrates sustainable practices across the entire electronic product lifecycle.
By implementing eco-friendly design strategies, improving collection and recycling infrastructure, and
fostering collaboration among stakeholders, it is possible to mitigate the environmental and health risks
associated with e-waste

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❖ EXPERIMENT 8: TIME TABLE BY

USING EXEL

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