Registers

Register:
 A set of flip-flops, possibly with added combinational gates, that perform data-processing
tasks.

 Store and manipulate information in a digital system.

 Shift Register

1. Serial In Serial Out (SISO)

2. Serial In Parallel Out (SIPO)

3. Parallel In Serial Out (PISO)

4. Parallel In Parallel Out (PIPO)

Note:
Serial  Single
Parallel  Many
 Serial In Serial Out

1 1 1
1
1
 Serial In Parallel Out

1001
 Parallel In Serial Out
Com Com Com Com

Com  Combinational Circuit (Any)

 Parallel In Parallel Out

This is ordinary register and it won’t perform any shift operation.

Universal Shift Register
 Counter
 The common clock pulse triggers all flip-flops simultaneously
 Hardware may be more complex but more reliable
Ring Counter (Using Shift Register)

Clock pulse Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3
0 1 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 0 1

Also known as mod-4 counter (mod-n counter)

Johnson Counter (Twisted Ring Counter)

Clock pulse Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
2 1 1 0 0
3 1 1 1 0
4 1 1 1 1
5 0 1 1 1
6 0 0 1 1
7 0 0 0 1
Also known as mod-2n counter