Compiled by Aminu a.k.a Dr.

Smoke

UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

2017/2018 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION JUNE 2018

CHM 121: FOUNDATION CHMISTRY I UNIT: 3 TIME: 2HRS

INSTRUCTIONS:

(a) Attempt all questions

(b) Write the correct answers only
(c) Constants: 1nm = 10-9m, h=6.625 x 10-34Js and c = 3 x 108m/s, R = 3.289 x 1015Hz
(d) H = 1, C= 12, O= 16, Na = 23, N=14, Ca=40, Cl=35.5
1. Write a balanced equation for tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid and sodium hydroxide
2. 25cm3 of hydrochloric acid was titrated against 20cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution that
contains 2.30g in 250cm3. Calculate the concentration of the acid in mole/dm3
3. Calculate (i) Concentration of acid in g/dm3 (ii) Concentration of base in g/dm3
4. ________ and _______ are apparatus for heating
5. IN what group and period does element with atomic number 13 belong?
6. What is the maximum number of electrons that can fit into the principal quantum level for
which n=6
7. Mention the bond type existing in the molecule H3O+ and CO
8. Draw the lewis dot structure for SO2
9. Arrange this element in order of their increasing electronegativity: P, O and N
10. The contribution of Wilhem Rotgen in the discovery of atomic structure is _____
11. Ammonia readily participate in coordinate covalent bond because________
12. Electropositivity ______ across the period and _______ down the group
13. Calculate the molar mass of calcium trioxocarbonate (iv)
14. Write the electronic configuration of the following elements: S (Z=16) and Cu+(Z=29)

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 Compiled by Aminu a.k.a Dr.Smoke

15. Which of the following species has the most unpaired electrons? S+, S and S-
16. Arrange the following element in order of increasing atomic radius: Cl, K and Ar
17. Give the sublevel name of quantum number n=4, l=3
18. Arrange the following in order of decreasing ionic radius Na+, F- and N3-
19. The chemical bond that holds together the atoms of solid materials or alloy is _______
20. When an atom undergoes transition from one orbit to another of higher energy, the result is
________
21. ________ proposed that electrons are embedded in a positive sphere
22. The charge of an electron was discovered by __________
23. How many orbitals are contained in the forth principal level (n=4) of a given atom?
24. ________ Apparatus is used for measuring pressure?
25. What is the mass of a proton_________?
26. Arrange this element in order of decreasing electron affinity: Na, P and Ar
27. Electrovalent bond are formed as a result of_______
28. Mention one characteristics common to element in the same group
29. _______ proposed that electron move in definite orbits around the nucleus
30. The Period 6 (Six) elements are known as _______
31. What type of bond exists in diatomic nitrogen?
32. Calculate the ionization energy of an element ionized having a wavelength of 484nm.
33. Electrons occupy the lowest energy level first before the next available energy level is an
expression of ____________
34. Define a standard solution
35. Which is the highest occupied energy orbital in a potassium atom?
36. Ionic compounds have predominantly high boiling an melting points because______
37. How many electrons are there in the lewis structure of H2S
38. Density ________ across the period and __________ down the group
39. Write the product of a compound formed by the combination of an element A having atomic
number 11 with element B of atomic number 8
40. A spectrum in which series of bright lines are separated by dark bands is called_____

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41. The radiation emitted by an element is753 x 10-27 KJ, Calculate the wavelength
42. Orbital’s of the same energy are called______
43. How many electrons can fit into sublevel for which n=3, l=2
44. How many electrons can 3P have?
45. What is the charge on the atom with 9 protons, 10 neutrons and 10 electrons?
46. Rare gasses are stable because_________
47. Group VIIA and O elements are called ________ and _________
48. An atom of mass number 43 and atomic number 21, consist of _____ neutrons and ____
electrons
49. What type of bond is found in aluminum chloride molecule?
50. Determine the transition in the P-fund series of an emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen
whose frequency is 8.017 x 1013
51. _______ has the highest ionization energy on the periodic table
52. The periodic table is arranged in order of increasing ______
53. What type of element usually forms acidic oxides?
54. Which has more electron affinity? Na or K
55. The lowest energy shell that contains p orbital is the shell with n= ?
56. The __________ quantum number defines the shape of an orbital
57. Which of the following is the largest particle? A. Ca2+ B. Ca+ C. Ca- D. Ca2-
58. Identify the correct values for a 2p sublevel
A. N=2, l=1, m=0 B. n=2, l=1, m=-2 C. n=2, l=0, m=1 D. n=2, l=0, m=0
59. Which of the following is smaller? A. Lithium electron B. Lithium metal C. Lithium anion
60. Why does ionization energy decreases as you move down a group on the periodic table?
A. The electrons are farther from the nucleus making it more difficult to remove
B. The electrons are farther from the nucleus making it easy to remove
C. The electrons are closer to the nucleus making it more difficult to remove
D. The electrons are closer to the nucleus making it easier to remove
61. Which of the following series is iso-electric?
A. B, C, N, O B. S2-, Cl-, K+, Ca2+ C. F-, Cl-, K+, Mg+ D. Na, K, P, Si

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62. Atoms having greatly differing electronegativities are expected to form:

A. Polar covalent bonds B. Non-polar covalent bonds C. Ionic bonds D. Covalent bonds

Answer True or False

63. Metallic property increases across the period and decreases down the group
64. Fluorine has more electron affinity than Nitrogen
65. X-rays can cause variety of substances to fluorescence
66. Elements in the same period have the same number of valence electron
67. Atoms with sparsely occupied shell are more electronegative than those with nearly filled
shells
68. Beta particles can penetrate aluminum foil
69. In electrovalent bonding electrical forces between same charged ions holds the atom together.
70. No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of n, l, m and s quantum numbers is a
statement of Bohr.

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 Compiled by Aminu a.k.a Dr.Smoke

UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

2016/2017 FIRST SEMESTER EXAMINATION JUNE 2018

CHM 121: FOUNDATION CHMISTRY I UNIT: 3 TIME: 2HRS

INSTRUCTIONS:

(a) Attempt all questions

(b) Write the correct answers only
(c) Constants: 1nm = 10-9m, h=6.625 x 10-34Js and c = 3 x 108m/s,
(d) H = 1, C= 12, O= 16, Na = 23, N=14, S=32
1. The evidence that electrons where discrete particles was obtained by___________
2. In Cathode tube experiment, when a high voltage is applied to any gas at low pressure, stream
of particles move from _____ to ______
3. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of oxalic acid and sodium hydroxide
4. 20cm3 of hydrochloric acid was titrated against 25cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution that
contains 3.60g in 1dm3. Calculate
(i) the concentration of A in mole/dm3 (ii) Concentration of A in g/dm3
5. _______ is the apparatus for transferring solid substances
6. The apparatus used for drying are ____ and _______
7. Rutherford in his atomic model experiment discovered _________
8. What is the mass of an electron
9. ________ Theory postulated that elements are made up of indivisible particles called atoms?
10. The quanta of energy emitted by hot bodies are given by_____
11. Degenerate orbital are orbital of ______ energies
12. Covalent bond are formed as a result of_____
13. An element with atomic number 14 will have ______ principal quantum numbers

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 Compiled by Aminu a.k.a Dr.Smoke

14. A sublevel with azimutal quantum number, l=3 will have _____ orbitals
15. Elements in period 6 and 7 are called_____ and ____
16. The scattering of alpha particles is mainly caused by_________
17. The law of definite proportion states that______________
18. Write the electron configuration of S2-
19. The theory that atoms consist of a central nucleus and orbiting electrons was based on?
20. Mention one characteristics common to elements in the same group
21. In the periodic table, elements are arranged according to their?
22. The tendency of an atom to lose electrons when energized is _____
23. The energy emitted or absorbed by an element is said to be in a specific amount called?
24. How many electrons are there in lewis structure of NO3-
25. A spectrum in which different color merge into each other is called?
26. What is the wavelength in nanometers of a photon of light whose frequency is 5.53x10-
14Htz?

27. What is a standard solution?

28. Covalent compounds have predominantly lower melting and boiling point because?
29. Give the number of lattice point in a body centered cubic unit cell
30. Electrical and thermal conductivity ______ across the period and _____ down the group
31. Bohrs theory of atom was inadequate in explaining_____
32. What phenomenon does 126A, 146A depict__________
33. Which groups of elements are called the p-block elements?
34. How many unpaired electrons are there in Fe2+(Z=26)
35. Give the sublevel name of quantum number n=5,l=2
36. Arrange the following in order of increasing ionic radiation K+, Cl-, and P3-
37. Mention the bond type in NH4- and C3H3
38. In what group and period does element with atomic number 19 belong?
39. Write the product of a compound formed by the combination of element A having an atomic
number 12 with element B with atomic number 9
40. Calculate the molar mass of sodium sulphate

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 Compiled by Aminu a.k.a Dr.Smoke

41. What is the charge on the atom with 12 protons, 11 neutrons and 10 electrons?
42. The regular arrangement of ions in solid crystal is called?
43. Which is the highest occupied energy orbital in a silicon atom?
44. Mention the number of electrons that can be accommodated by the quantum number n=5?
45. Calculate the wavelength of radiation that emitted331x10-24KJ
46. Which principal energy level will contain electrons with the lowest energy______
47. How many orbitals are contained in the second principal level (n=2) of a given atom
48. The s block elements of the periodic table are made up of _____ and _____
49. Which of the rules does each of the following electronic energy diagram

(i) (ii)
50. How many sublevel are there in the third principal quantum number?
51. What type of bond exists in diatomic phosphorus?
52. Arrange the following in order of decreasing atomic size Fl, Ne, and Mg.
53. Mention any factor that affects ionization energy
54. _____ limits the maximum number of electrons in an orbital to two
55. The scientific proof that cathode rays are negatively charged particles was made by___
56. The periodic table is divided into horizontal rows known as _____ and vertical columns known
as _______
57. Arrange the following in order of decreasing electronegativity N, Si and Al
58. _____arises because of small instantaneous dipoles in atom
59. Octet rule refers to the ______during chemical combination
60. The chemical bonds that holds together the atoms of solid metal or alloy is____
61. The magnetic quantum number explains ____ of orbital
62. Atomic numbers were discovered by _______ while the orbital was first coined by____
63. All _____ compounds are insoluble in organic solvents but soluble in polar solvents
64. The orbital names s, p, d, f were derived from ______,_______,_______ and _______
Answer true or false for questions (65-70)
65. X-rays can be deflected by both magnetic and electric fields

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 Compiled by Aminu a.k.a Dr.Smoke

66. Atoms of the same elements having different atomic number but same mass number are
isotopes
67. In ionic bonding, electrical forces between different charged ions hold the atoms together
68. Beryllium has higher ionization energy than oxygen
69. Line spectra cannot be used in the identification of elements
70. Atoms with larger size are more electronegative than atoms of small size.

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 Compiled by Aminu a.k.a Dr.Smoke

SOLUTIONS TO 2017/2018

1. H2SO4 + 2NaoH ------------ Na2SO4 + 2H2O

2. Parameters: Volume of acid VA= 25cm3, Volume of Base VB= 20cm3, Mass of base mb= 2.30g,
volume of mass of base Vmb=250 cm3, Molar mass of NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40g/mol, molar
mass of H2SO4 = (1 x 2) + 32 + (16 x 4) = 98g/mol.
Concentration of acid in mole/dm3 can be gotten if the concentration of base in mole/dm3 is
known.
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 1000
Concentration of base in mole/dm3 = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 x 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
2.30 1000 2300
Concentration of base in mole/dm3 = 40
x 250
= 10000 = 0.23mol/dm3

Now the concentration of acid in mole/dm3 can be gotten using the formula below:
𝐶𝐴 ×𝑉𝐴 𝑁𝐴
= 𝑁𝐵 Where CA is concentration of acid in mol/dm3, CB is concentration of base in
𝐶𝐵 ×𝑉𝐵

mol/dm3, VA is the volume of acid, VB is the volume of base, NA is the number of moles of acid,
NB is the number of moles of base.
CA =? CB = 0.23mol/dm3 VA= 25cm3 VB= 20cm3 NA = 1 and NB = 2 (NA and NB are gotten from
the equation of reaction. Look at the equation in number one, the mole coefficient of acid is 1
and that of base NaoH is 2).
𝐶𝐴 ×𝑉𝐴 𝑁𝐴 𝐶𝐴 ×25 1
= will be 0.23 ×20 = 2 then by cross multiplying, we will have CA x 25 x 2 = 0.23 x 20 x
𝐶𝐵 ×𝑉𝐵 𝑁𝐵

1 which will now be 50CA = 4.6, dividing both sides by 50, we will have CA = 4.6/50
Therefore CA = 0.092 mol/dm3
3. Mass concentration = Mole concentration x Molar mass
(i) Therefore mass concentration of acid = 0.092 x 98 = 8.82g/dm3
(ii) Mass concentration of base = 0.23 x 40 = 9.2g/dm3
4. Bunsen burner and wire gauze
5. Group 3 Period 3
6. 2n2 = 2 (6)2 = 2 x 36 = 72 electrons
7. Dative Covalent Bond
8. O::S::O

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9. O------- N ------ P in order of increasing electronegativity it is due to increase in nuclear charges

as a result of added electrons and also smaller atoms attract electrons more strongly than
larger ones.
10. X-ray
11. It has a lone pair electron
12. Decreases across and Increases down
13. CaCo3 = 40 + 12 + (16 x 3) = 100g/moles
14. S= 1s22s22p63s23p4
Cu = 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1
15. S+ because it has three unpaired electrons
16. K --------- Ar ------------ Cl in order of increasing atomic radius
17. n=4 l=3 will give us a 4f subshell
18. N3--------- F--------------- Na+ in order of decreasing ionic radius (because increase in number of
protons leads to decrease in ionic radius and also the more an element gains electron the
more the radius increases) i.e. Nitrogen(N) is the highest because it has gained 3 electrons,
fluorine(Fl) is the second highest because it has gained one electron and Sodium(Na) is the
lowest because it has lost one electron.
19. Metallic bond
20. Energy is absorbed
21. J.J. Thompson
22. Robert Millikan
23. n2 = 42 = 16 orbitals
24. Barometer
25. 1.673 x 10-27kg
26. Ar--------P --------- Na in order of decreasing electron affinity
27. Transfer of electrons
28. They have the same number of valence electron in their outermost shell
29. Niels Bohr
30. Lanthanides

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31. Three covalent bond or triple covalent bond

32. E = hc/λ where h = 6.63 x 10-34Js, c= 3x108m/s and λ= 484nm = 484 x 10-9m
Therefore E = 6.63 x 10-34Js x 3x108m/s divided by 484 x 10-9m
E = 4.11 x 10 -19Joules
33. Aufbau Principle
34. A standard solution is a solution that contains a known and accurate amount (concentration)
of a substance or element.
35. Potassium highest energy orbital is the p- orbital
36. Because a lot of energy is required to break their bonds or because of the strong force of
attraction between their ions.’
37. 8 electrons
38. Increase across and decrease down
39. 4 Na + O2 ------- 2Na2O
40. Absorption spectrum
41. E = hc/λ where h = 6.63 x 10-34Js, c= 3x108m/s and λ= ? and E = 753 x 10-27KJ which will be
equal to 753 x 10 -24J. making λ the subject formula, we will have λ = hc/E
Therefore λ = 6.63 x 10-34 x 3x108 divided by 753 x 10 -24 = 0.0026m
42. Degenerate orbital
43. 10 electron
44. 6 electrons
45. Negative charge
46. Because their outermost shell is complete
47. Halogens and noble gasses
48. Number of neutron = mass number – atomic number = 43 – 21 = 22
Number of electron = 21
49. Polar covalent bond
50. Not sure
51. Helium (Because like other noble gases, the outermost shell of helium is complete)
52. Atomic number

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53. Non-metals e.g Sulphur and carbon

54. K has more electron affinity because electron affinity increases across the period; K belongs to
period 4 and Na belongs to period 3.
55. n=6
56. Angular quantum number
57. D
58. A
59. A
60. B
61. B
62. D
63. False
64. False
65. False
66. False
67. False
68. False
69. False
70. False

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 Compiled by Aminu a.k.a Dr.Smoke

SOLUTIONS

1. Max Planck’s
2. Cathode to Anode
3. H2C2O4(s) + 2NaoH(aq) --------- Na2C2O4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
4. Parameters Volume of acid VA = 20cm3, Volume of base VB= 25cm3, Mass concentration of
base Cmb= 3.60g/dm3, Molar mass of base NaoH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40g/mol, molar mass of acid
HCl = 1+ 35.5 = 36.5 g/mol. To find the concentration of acid in mol/dm3 (CA) we have to first
find the concentration of base in mol/dm3 CB,
Concentration of base in mole/dm3 = Mass concentration of Base/ Molar mass of base
CB = 3.60/40 = 0.09mol/dm3
Now the concentration of acid in mole/dm3 can be gotten using the formula below:
𝐶𝐴 ×𝑉𝐴 𝑁𝐴
= 𝑁𝐵 Where CA is concentration of acid in mol/dm3, CB is concentration of base in
𝐶𝐵 ×𝑉𝐵

mol/dm3, VA is the volume of acid, VB is the volume of base, NA is the number of moles of
acid, NB is the number of moles of base.
CA =? CB = 0.09mol/dm3 VA= 20cm3 VB= 25cm3 NA = 1 and NB = 1 (NA and NB are gotten from
the equation of reaction. the mole coefficient of acid is 1 and that of base NaoH is also 1 --------
-----------HCL + NaOH).
𝐶𝐴 ×𝑉𝐴 𝑁𝐴 𝐶𝐴 ×20 1
= 𝑁𝐵 will be 0.09 ×25 = 1 then by cross multiplying, we will have CA x 20 x 1 = 0.09 x 25 x
𝐶𝐵 ×𝑉𝐵

1 which will now be 20CA = 2.25, dividing both sides by 20, we will have CA = 2.25/20 = CA =
0.1125 mol/dm3
(i) Therefore CA = 0.1125 mol/dm3
(ii) Concentration of acid in g/dm3 = Concentration in mol/dm3 x molar mass of acid which
will be 0.1125 x 36.5 = 4.11g/dm3
5. Spatula
6. Ovens and drying racks
7. Proton
8. 9.11 x 10-31kg
9. Dalton’s atomic theory

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10. E = hf
11. Same energy levels
12. Sharing
13. (Principal quantum number = 3) Explanation: Element 14 is silicon and the electronic
configuration is 1s22s22p63s23p2 This last underline orbital is 3p, the three represents the
principal quantum number
14. Seven (7) orbital Explanation: M = 2l + 1 = 2 x 3 + 1 = 7 orbitals (-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3)
15. Lanthanide and Acthanide
16. Exposure to coulombs forces exerted by the atomic nuclei of the sample
17. Law of definite proportion states that a given chemical compound always contains its
component elements in a fixed ratio by mass and does not depend on its source and method
of preparation.
18. 1s22s22p63s23p6
19. Hydrogen atom
20. Same number of electrons in their outermost shell
21. Increasing relative atomic mass
22. Ionization
23. Quanta
24. 24 electrons
25. Continuous spectrum
26. Wavelength is given by λ = fc where f = 5.53 x 10-14 and c = 3x108m/s
Therefore, λ = 5.53 x 10-14 x 3 x 108 x 109 = 16590nm (Note: 109 was used to convert our
answer to nanometer)
27. A standard solution is a solution that contains a known and accurate amount (concentration)
of a substance or element.
28. Weak force of attraction between binding molecules
29. 9 lattice points
30. Decrease across and increases down

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31. Inadequate in explaining the spectra of atoms or ions having more than one electron. It could
not explain the spectrum of even the helium atom which has only two electrons.
32. Isotopy
33. Group 3 to group 8
34. 4 electrons. Explanation: Electronic configuration of Fe2+ is 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d4 and we
know that the d orbital can carry only 10 electrons, and our d orbital is carrying 4 electrons
from the electronic configuration. Therefore following hunds rule, those four electrons will be
unpaired.
35. 5d sublevel
36. K+-------- Cl--------------- P3- in order of Increasing ionic radius (because increase in number of
protons leads to decrease in ionic radius and also the more an element gains electron the
more the radius increases) i.e. Phosphorus(P) is the highest because it has gained 3 electrons,
Chlorine(Cl) is the second highest because it has gained one electron and Potassium(K) is the
lowest because it has lost one electron.
37. Coordinate covalent bond
38. Group 1 period 4
39. MgFl2
40. Na2SO4 (23 x 2) + 32 + (16 x 4)
41. +2
42. Ionic lattice
43. P-orbital
44. 2n2 = 2 x 52 = 50 electrons
45. E = hc/λ making λ the subject formula we will have λ = hc/E where h = 6.625x10-34, c=3x108 and
E = 331 x 10-24KJ which will be 331 x 10-21J
Therefore λ = hc/E will be λ = 6.625x10-34 x 3x108 / 331 x 10-21J = 6.0 x 10-7meters
λ = 6.0 x 10-7meters
46. n = 1
47. n2 = 22 = 4 orbitals
48. Group 1 and Group 2 elements

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49. (i) hunds rule not followed (ii) hunds rule followed
50. 3 sublevel s, p and d
51. Non polar covalent bond
52. Atomic size decreases across the period and increases down the group.
Magnesium has the highest atomic size (2,8,2); Neon is next (2,8) then fluorine is the smallest
(2,7).
Therefore in order of decreasing atomic size, we will have: Mg------ Ne-------Fl
53. Size of the positive nuclear charge
54. Hunds rule
55. J.J Thompson
56. Period and Group
57. Electronegativity increases across the period and decreases down the group
Therefore in order of decreasing electronegativity, we will have Al------- Si------N
58. Dispersion forces. Explanation: Dispersion forces arise as a result of short lived fluctuations of
electron charge distribution, which in turn cause the temporary formation of an induced
dipole in adjacent molecules.
59. Stability (Full valence electron)
60. Metallic bond
61. Number of orbitals
62. Henry Gwyn and Niels Bohr
63. Ionic compounds
64. Sharp, Principal, Diffuse and fundamental
65. False
66. False
67. True
68. True
69. True
70. False

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