Useful Symbols

FORMULAE LIST
CHAPTER-1 ➢ NA - AVOGADRO'S
NUMBER = 6.023 x 1023
SOME BASIC CONCEPS OF CHEMISTRY
➢ n – No. of Moles
➢ χ-chi- Mole Fraction
➢ m- Molar Mass
➢ ρ- rho constant - Density

• No. of Moles(n) = No. of Particles / NA OR Mass / Molar Mass

• Mass of one mole = Mass of one atom * NA OR Mass of one molecule * NA
• No. of atoms in a molecular species = n * NA * Atomicity
• Average atomic mass = ∑(% abundance * atomic mass )
100

• Absolute Density (d) = P * M P= Pressure , M= Molar Mass ,

R*T R= Unified Gas Constant , T= Temperature

• Vapor Density = Molecular mass /2 OR Mass of gas X OR

Volume of gas X Molar Mass of gas x
Mass of gas Y Molar Mass of gas y
Volume of gas Y
, at constant Temperature and pressure. Here,the gas Y is usually H2.

• Mole Fraction(χ) : ncomponent

ntotal ∑ χ1+ χ2 ……. χn = 1

• Percentage Mole = χ*100

• Average Molar Mass : ∑ χi * mi
• Molecular Formula = n * Empirical Formula
Percentage yield = Observed Yield * 100
Theoretical Yield
• Mass Fraction = Masscomponent
Massmixture

• Molarity = nsolute OR 10 * ρsolution * % by mass

volsolution(in L) Molar Mass of solute

• Mass % = masscomponent * 100

Mass massmixture

• Mass % = masscomponent * 100

Volume volsolution

• Molality = nsolute = 1000 * Molarity

masssolvent 1000 * ρsolution - Molarity * Molar mass solute

• Parts Per Million (ppm) = masscomponent * 106

massmixture

• Parts Per Billion (ppb) = masscomponent * 109

massmixture

• Dilution = m1v1 = m2v2 (no. of moles remain same. ninitial = nfinal )