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    Shapes of Graphs

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    Livi
    This document categorizes elementary shapes according to their defining equations, parametric equations, and complex equations where applicable. Shapes included are straight lines, circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, and spirals. Each shape lists the common Cartesian and parametric equations used to define them, as well as any corresponding complex equations derived from examples and tutorials. The document serves as a brief reference catalogue for comparing the different equation types that can represent basic geometric shapes.

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    Shapes of Graphs

    Uploaded by

    Livi
    7 views1 page
    This document categorizes elementary shapes according to their defining equations, parametric equations, and complex equations where applicable. Shapes included are straight lines, circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, and spirals. Each shape lists the common Cartesian and parametric equations used to define them, as well as any corresponding complex equations derived from examples and tutorials. The document serves as a brief reference catalogue for comparing the different equation types that can represent basic geometric shapes.

    Original Description:

    Different graphs and their shapes, advanced maths

    Original Title

    shapes of graphs

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    This document categorizes elementary shapes according to their defining equations, parametric equations, and complex equations where applicable. Shapes included are straight lines, circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, and spirals. Each shape lists the common Cartesian and parametric equations used to define them, as well as any corresponding complex equations derived from examples and tutorials. The document serves as a brief reference catalogue for comparing the different equation types that can represent basic geometric shapes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views1 page

    Shapes of Graphs

    Uploaded by

    Livi
    This document categorizes elementary shapes according to their defining equations, parametric equations, and complex equations where applicable. Shapes included are straight lines, circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, and spirals. Each shape lists the common Cartesian and parametric equations used to define them, as well as any corresponding complex equations derived from examples and tutorials. The document serves as a brief reference catalogue for comparing the different equation types that can represent basic geometric shapes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    of 1

    A brief catalogue of elementary shapes

    Shape Equation Parametric Complex equation Complex parametric


    Straight lines 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 r(𝑡) = (1, 𝑚)𝑡 + (0, 𝑐) 𝑧 = (1 + 𝑖𝑚)𝑡 + 𝑖𝑐
    𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 = 𝑐 r(𝑡) = (𝑏, −𝑎)𝑡 + (0, 𝑏𝑐 ) |𝑧 − 𝑘 1 | = |𝑧 − 𝑘 2 |, where 𝑧 = (𝑏 − 𝑖𝑎)𝑡 + 𝑖 𝑏𝑐
    2
    𝑘 1 = 14 −𝑎 + 𝑖 4𝑐−𝑏 𝑏 ,
     
    1 4𝑐+𝑏 2
    𝑘2 = 4 𝑎 + 𝑖 𝑏
    r(𝑡) = (𝑏, −𝑎)𝑡 + ( 𝑎𝑐 , 0) |𝑧 − 𝑘 1 | = |𝑧 − 𝑘 2 |, where
     𝑧 = (𝑏 − 𝑖𝑎)𝑡 + 𝑐
    𝑎
    2
    𝑘 1 = 14 4𝑐−𝑎 𝑎 − 𝑖𝑏 ,
     2
    
    𝑘 2 = 41 4𝑐+𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏
    𝑧 = 𝛼𝑡 + 𝛽, 𝛼, 𝛽 ∈ ℂ, 𝑡 ∈ ℝ

    Circles 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑐2 r(𝑡) = (𝑐 cos(𝑡), 𝑐 sin(𝑡)) |𝑧| = 𝑐, |𝑧 − 1| = 𝑐12 |𝑧 − 𝑐2 | 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑡 , 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑒 −𝑖𝑡 , 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑒 −𝑖 (𝑡+𝑘)


    (𝑥 − 𝑎) 2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏) 2 = 𝑐2 r(𝑡) = (𝑐 cos(𝑡), 𝑐 sin(𝑡)) + (𝑎, 𝑏) |𝑧 − (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏)| = |𝑐| 𝑧 = 𝑐𝑒 𝑖𝑡 + (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏)
    |𝑧| = 𝑘 1 |𝑧 − 𝑘 2 | where 𝑧 = 𝛼𝑒 𝑖𝑡 + 𝛽, 𝛽 ∈ ℂ, 𝛼, 𝑡 ∈ ℝ
    2 2
    𝑘 12 = 𝑎 𝑐+𝑏 2
    2 , 𝑘 2 = (1 − 1/𝑘 1 ) (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏)

    Ellipses 𝐴2 (𝑥 − 𝑎) 2 + 𝐵2 (𝑦 − 𝑏) 2 = 𝑐2 r(𝑡) = ( 𝐴𝑐 cos(𝑡), 𝑐


    𝐵 sin(𝑡)) + (𝑎, 𝑏)
    𝑐
    Hyperbolas 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑐 r(𝑡) = (𝑡, ) Im(𝑧2 ) = 𝑐
    2
    𝑐𝑡
    (𝑥 − 𝑎) (𝑦 − 𝑏) = 𝑐 r(𝑡) = (𝑡, ) + (𝑎, 𝑏) Im((𝑧 − (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏)) 2 ) = 𝑐
    2
    𝑡
    (𝑥 − 𝑎) 2 − (𝑦 − 𝑏) 2 = 𝑐2 r(𝑡) = (𝑐 cosh(𝑡), 𝑐 sinh(𝑡)) + (𝑎, 𝑏) Re((𝑧 − (𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏)) 2 ) = 𝑐2
    𝐴2 (𝑥 − 𝑎) 2 − 𝐵2 (𝑦 − 𝑏) 2 = 𝑐2 r(𝑡) = ( 𝐴𝑐 cosh(𝑡), 𝐵𝑐 sinh(𝑡)) + (𝑎, 𝑏)
    𝐴2 (𝑥 − 𝑎) 2 − 𝐵2 (𝑦 − 𝑏) 2 = −𝑐2 r(𝑡) = ( 𝐴𝑐 sinh(𝑡), 𝐵𝑐 cosh(𝑡)) + (𝑎, 𝑏)
    p
    Spirals tan( p𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑦𝑥 r(𝑡) = (𝑡 cos(𝑡), 𝑡 sin(𝑡)) tan(|𝑧|) = tan(arg(𝑧)) 𝑧 = 𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑡
    tan( 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = − 𝑦𝑥 r(𝑡) = (𝑡 cos(𝑡), −𝑡 sin(𝑡)) tan(|𝑧|) = − tan(arg(𝑧)) 𝑧 = 𝑡𝑒 −𝑖𝑡
    2
    tan(𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑦𝑥 r(𝑡) = (𝑡 cos(𝑡 2 ), 𝑡 sin(𝑡 2 )) tan(|𝑧| 2 ) = tan(arg(𝑧)) 𝑧 = 𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑡
    𝑧 = 𝑟 (𝑡)𝑒 𝑖𝑎 (𝑡) , 𝑟 (𝑡) > 0 and 𝑎(𝑡) are in-
    creasing (smoothly)
    𝑧 = 𝑟 (𝑡)𝑒 −𝑖𝑎 (𝑡) , 𝑟 (𝑡) > 0 and 𝑎(𝑡) are in-
    creasing (smoothly)

    The “Complex equation” column was deduced from tutorial questions and examples.

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