CHAPTER 8– HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE

LEVEL 1
1. The sporozoites that cause infection when a female Anopheles mosquito
bites a person, are formed in:
(a) Liver of person
(b) RBCs of mosquito
(c) salivary glands of mosquito
(d) gut of mosquito

2. Many diseases can be diagnosed by observing the symptoms in the

patient. Which group of symptoms are indicative of pneumonia?
(a) Difficulty in respiration, fever, chills, cough, headache
(b) Constipation, abdominal pain, cramps, blood clots
(c) Nasal congestion and discharge, cough, sore throat, headache
(d) High fever, weakness, stomach pain, loss of appetite and constipation

3. The term 'Health' is defined in many ways. The most accurate definition
of the health would be:
(a) health is the state of body and mind in a balanced condition
(b) health is the reflection of a smiling face
(c) health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
(d) health is the symbol of economic prosperity.

4. Which of the following are the reason(s) for Rheumatoid arthritis?

Choose the correct option.
(i) The ability to differentiate pathogens or foreign molecules from self
cells increase
(ii) Body attacks self-cells
(iii) More antibodies are produced in the body
(iv) The ability to differentiate pathogens or foreign molecules from self
cells is lost
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iii)
5. The following question consist of two statements each, printed as
Assertion and Reason. While answering the question you are required to
choose any one of the following four responses:
A . If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct
explanation of Assertion.
B. If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not correct
explanation of Assertion.
C. If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
D. If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Assertion: Interferons are a type of antibodies produced by bacteria

infected cells of the body.
Reason: Interferons stimulate inflammation at the site of injury

LEVEL 2
6. What causes swelling of the lower limbs in patients suffering from
filariasis?

7. Why is tobacco smoking associated with rise in blood pressure and

oxygen deficiency in the body?

8. Due to undue peer pressure, a group of adolescents started using opioids

intravenously. What are the serious problems they might face in the
future?

9. (a) Name the lymphoid organ in human, where all the blood cells are
produced.
(b) Where do the lymphocytes produced by the lymphoid organ
mentioned above migrate and how do they affect immunity?

10. Why does a doctor administer tetanus antitoxin and not a tetanus
vaccine to a child injured in a road accident with a bleeding wound?
Explain.

LEVEL 3
11. What is it that prevents a child to suffer from a disease if he is
vaccinated against? Give reason.
 12. The outline structure of a drug is given below:

(a) Which group of drugs does this represent?

(b) What are the modes of consumption of these drugs?
(c) Name the organ of the body which is affected by consumption of these
drugs.

13. Many microbial pathogens enter the gut of humans along with food.
What are the preventive barriers to protect the body from such
pathogens? What type of immunity do you observe in this case?

14. A person shows strong unusual hypersensitive reactions when exposed

to certain substances present in the air. Identify the condition. Name the
cells responsible for such reactions. What precaution should be taken to
avoid such reactions.

15. Cancer is one of the most dreaded diseases of humans. Describe one
property that is lost and one property that is developed when a normal
cell transforms into a cancer cell.

Extended Learning
Collect information on the role of appendix, tonsils and Peyer’s patches of
small intestine as secondary lymphoid organs
Note: Practice labellings for all the diagrams from the chapter.
Diagrams to be drawn in the note book:
Fig – 8.1, Page – 148 – Stages in life cycle of plasmodium
Fig 8.4 , Page – 151- Structure of antibody molecule
Fig – 8.6, Page – 155 – Replication of retrovirus