Information integration

Information integration (II) is the merging of information from heterogeneous sources with differing
conceptual, contextual and typographical representations. It is used in data mining and consolidation of data
from unstructured or semi-structured resources. Typically, information integration refers to textual
representations of knowledge but is sometimes applied to rich-media content. Information fusion, which is a
related term, involves the combination of information into a new set of information towards reducing
redundancy and uncertainty.[1]

Examples of technologies available to integrate information include deduplication, and string metrics which
allow the detection of similar text in different data sources by fuzzy matching. A host of methods for these
research areas are available such as those presented in the International Society of Information Fusion.
Other methods rely on causal estimates of the outcomes based on a model of the sources.[2]

See also
Data fusion (is a subset of Information integration)
Sensor fusion
Data integration
Image fusion
Synesthesia

Books
M. E. Liggins; D. L. Hall; J. Llinas (2008). Theory and Practice (Multisensor Data Fusion)
(Second ed.). CRC. ISBN 978-1-4200-5308-1.
D. L. Hall; S. A. H. McMullen (2004). Mathematical Techniques in Multisensor Data Fusion.
ISBN 978-1-58053-335-5.
Springer, Information Fusion in Data Mining (2003), ISBN 3-540-00676-1
H. B. Mitchell, Multi-sensor Data Fusion – An Introduction (2007) Springer-Verlag, Berlin,
ISBN 978-3-540-71463-7
S. Das, High-Level Data Fusion (2008), Artech House Publishers, Norwood, MA, ISBN 978-
1-59693-281-4 and 1596932813
E. P. Blasch, E. Bosse, and D. A. Lambert, High-Level Information Fusion Management and
System Design (2012), Artech House Publishers, Norwood, MA. ISBN 1608071510 |
ISBN 978-1608071517
L. Snidaro; J. Garcia-Herrero; J. Llinas; et al. (2016). Context-Enhanced Information Fusion:
Boosting Real-World Performance with Domain Knowledge. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-
3319289694.

References
1. Haghighat, Mohammad; Abdel-Mottaleb, Mohamed; Alhalabi, Wadee (2016). "Discriminant
Correlation Analysis: Real-Time Feature Level Fusion for Multimodal Biometric Recognition"
(https://zenodo.org/record/889881). IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and
 Security. 11 (9): 1984–1996. doi:10.1109/TIFS.2016.2569061 (https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTI
FS.2016.2569061). S2CID 15624506 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:15624506).
2. P.K. Davis, D. Manheim, W.L. Perry, J. Hollywood (2015). In Proceedings of the 2015 Winter
Simulation Conference (WSC '15). IEEE Press, Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2586-2597. (https://w
ww.rand.org/pubs/working_papers/WR1124.html)

External links
Discriminant Correlation Analysis (DCA) (https://github.com/mhaghighat/dcaFuse)
Information Integration Using Logical View (https://web.archive.org/web/20120722013426/ht
tp://infolab.stanford.edu/pub/papers/integration-using-views.ps) LNCS 1997.
International Society of Information Fusion (http://www.isif.org/)

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