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5/29/2023

Biothesiometer Sebagai
Alat Deteksi Kaki Diabetik
Dr. Ns. Heri Kristianto, MKep.,Sp.Kep.MB (NMTC-TC-NSc)
School of Nursing, University of Brawijaya
DIKLAT - DPW INWOCNA JATIM

Batu-Malang, 3 Juni 2023

Pendahuluan
• 80% komplikasi kaki diabetik disebabkan Faktor Resiko Neuropati
neuropati perifer • Laki laki> Wanita
• Durasi DM
• Usia >>>
• 50% hospitalisasi : 15% amputasi & 10-15% • Perokok & Alkoholic
ulkus kaki

• Kualitas Hidup 50-75% DPN Diabetic Foot Ulcer

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Trend Perkembangan
Alat dan Metode Deteksi Kaki Diabetik
• Pemeriksaan status neuropati  sensori, motorik dan autonomy

• Perkembangan teknologi deteksi kaki diabetik


1. Termometer infrared (Roback, 2010; Sousa et al., 2015; van Netten et al., 2014)
2. Infrared thermography (Adam et al., 2017)
3. Neuropad test (Tsapas et al., 2014)
4. Monofilament test (Wang et al., 2017)
5. Garpu tala 128 Hz
6. Vibra tip dan electromechanical instrumens (Yang et al., 2018).

• Pemeriksaan metode Ipswich Touch Test (IpTT) (Rayman et al., 2011).

Photo Caption

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Perkembangan Instrumen
• Instrumen Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and
Signs (LANSS)
• Douleur Neuropathique 4 questionnaire (DN4)
direkomendasikan untuk mendeteksi nyeri yang ditimbulkan
pada kaki diabetik
• Brief Pain Inventory for Painful Diabetic Peripheral
Neuropathy (BPI-DPN) digunakan untuk memonitor
efektifitas intervensi nyeri (Chen & Li, 2016).

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Biothesiometer
• The clinical use of VPT, ankle reflexes and four-site
monofilament for screening and ongoing
monitoring of DPN as recommended
• Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT) (κ=0.61 (0.50
to 0.73)): biothesiometer, neurothesiometer and
maxivibrometer (McIllhatton, 2021)
• 80% sensitivity and 98% specificity (Young, 1994;
Javed, 2015)

McIllhatton A, Lanting S, Lambkin D, et al.Reliability of recommended non-invasive chairside screening tests for diabetes-related peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review
with meta-analyses.BMJ Open Diabetes Research and Care 2021;9:e002528. doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002528

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Mekanisme

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Volmer-Thole, M., & Lobmann, R. (2016). Neuropathy and Diabetic Foot Syndrome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(6), 917. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms17060917
Feldman, E. L., Nave, K.-A., Jensen, T. S., & Bennett, D. L. H. (2017). New Horizons in Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms, Bioenergetics, and Pain. Neuron, 93(6), 1296-1313

Persiapan Pasien
• Pasien dalam posisi terlentang di tempat tidur.
• Perawat menjelaskan bahwa prosedur menguji sensasi
getaran di kaki pada beberapa berbagai titik Pasien
akan merasakan getaran.
• Tempelkan probe di tangan pasien, lalu jelaskan getaran
yang dirasakan oleh pasien.
• Mesin dihidupkan dan tombol kontrol diputar searah
jarum jam Hal Ini akan menghasilkan peningkatan
tegangan dan peningkatan getaran
• Minta pasien untuk fokus dengan getaran yang timbul
pada kaki, dan melaporkan kepada perawat apabila mulai
merasakan getaran.
• Pasien dapat memberikan kode ya atau tidak.

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Prosedur
• Tempelkan vibrator pada setiap kaki secara berurutan
seperti gambar.
• Tes dilakukan setidaknya dua kali untuk melihat apakah
ada konsistensi dalam merespon.
• Putar tombol perlahan ke arah searah jarum jam dan
mencatat untuk setiap kenaikan getaran yang dirasakan.
• Lanjutkan untuk memutar perlahan ke kanan sampai
pasien mendapatkan sensasi dan mengatakan ya.
• Tingkatkan sedikit untuk melihat apakah sensasinya lebih
terasa.
• Setiap waktu ambang persepsi getaran direkam dalam
format sesuai titik.

Dokumentasi

SundaReSwaRan, R., Veezhinathan, M., ShanMugapRiya, M., & BABU, R. D. (2022). Assessment and Evaluation of
Diabetic Foot using Biothesiometry and Artificial Neural Networks. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 16(11).

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Interpretasi

Tren penggunaan Biothesiometer 


Erectile Dysfunction
• The penile sensitivity ratio (PSR) using penile glans and index
finger input variables is a non-invasive, painless, office-based,
standardized biothesiometry parameter that is a clinically
useful tool for measuring penile sexual sensitivity.
• Components of biothesiometry data were then used to
develop 3 iterations of the PSR:
a. PSR glans/finger (PSRG/F)
b. PSR glans shaft/finger (PSRGS/F)
c. PSR glans, shaft/finger, thigh (PSRGS/FT)
PSR is inversely related to penile sensitivity
(Wiggins A, et all., 2019)

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Referensi
• Roback, K. (2010). An overview of temperature monitoring devices for early detection of diabetic foot
disorders. Expert Review of Medical Devices, 7(5), 711-718. doi:10.1586/erd.10.35
• Sousa, P., Felizardo, V., Oliveira, D., Couto, R., & Garcia, N. M. (2015). A review of thermal methods and
technologies for diabetic foot assessment. Expert Review of Medical Devices, 12(4), 439-448.
doi:10.1586/17434440.2015.1032251
• Tsapas, A., Liakos, A., Paschos, P., Karagiannis, T., Bekiari, E., Tentolouris, N., et al. (2014). A simple plaster for
screening for diabetic neuropathy: A diagnostic test accuracy systematic review and meta-analysis.
Metabolism, 63(4), 584-592. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.metabol.2013.11.019
• van Netten, J. J., Prijs, M., van Baal, J. G., Liu, C., van Der Heijden, F., & Bus, S. A. (2014). Diagnostic values for
skin temperature assessment to detect diabetes-related foot complications. Diabetes Technology &
Therapeutics, 16(11), 714-721
• Wiggins A, Farrell MR, Tsambarlis P, Levine LA. The Penile Sensitivity Ratio: A Novel Application of
Biothesiometry to Assess Changes in Penile Sensitivity. J Sex Med. 2019 Mar;16(3):447-451. doi:
10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.01.002. Epub 2019 Feb 14. PMID: 30773499.
• Wang, F., Zhang, J., Yu, J., Liu, S., Zhang, R., Ma, X., et al. (2017). Diagnostic accuracy of monofilament tests for
detecting diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of diabetes research,
2017.
• Yang, Z., Zhang, Y., Chen, R., Huang, Y., Ji, L., Sun, F., et al. (2018). Simple tests to screen for diabetic peripheral
neuropathy. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018(7), CD010975.
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010975.pub2

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