10.
26 Evo u6otrr6 6ro),upo nepayer rog povo8rrrl
6tol"up6vl ouoio co oo0ev6qpovonpcrrnr6o(6 HA r1
rqv ooOevrjpovonpcrrnrrlpriol B. No ono8ei(ete6n
Trorov Bo0p6rowropori roug o rolr5ouvcvtiororlo or
ol6oerg:
K" Kr.
o* : K.,1 ot :
r, + [tr,6r*] r;6tt-l
10.27 Na uaol.oytoetetov Bo0p6rovuopof torv en6-
pevovo(6rov:
o) Xe u6our6 6rdl,upopovonpcrrnrorlo(6o9HA oqv
ra,rdotoorl roopponiogro16er6n [A-] : IHA].
B) Xe u6om6 6uiX,upopovonprrnrrof o(6o9HB otqv
rordotoor1 roopponioqro16er6n IHA] : 9[A-].
10.28 No ounTrpivete tov Bc0p6rovtropo6 rrlg NH3
oro nopordtcoudatrrd 6rol,6poto:
o) Atdl"upoNH3 0,01M (e : 25"C).
p) Atti),upaNH3 0,1M (e : 25 "C).
1) Auil,upoNH3 0,01M (0 : 35'C).
6) Ardl.upoNH3 I M (e : 20"C).
Aivetot 6tt yro tqv NH3 ro16ero < 0,1.
10.29 To u8ourd 6rol,6parcA1 Kol A2 nepr6louv o-
vdororlo HF rar CH3COOH rc,r 61ouvt1v i6ru 0ep-
porpooio25'C.
o) Iloro an6 ro 66o o(6o 61er peyol,6cprl rdoq vo
onoBdl,ernpor6vro;
p) Iloro an6 ra 66o o(6o 61erpelol.fcpo Bo0p6ro-
vtroporl;
y) No ouyrpivete rqv ro16 trrlv ou(uycbvBd,oe<ov
rrrlv
66o o(6ov.
Aivovtor oe 0epporpooia 25"C: Ka(HF): 7 .10-4,
K a ( c H : c o o:H2)' l 0 - 5 .
10.30 Nq ouyrpivec tqv ropi trrlv er6trrevrov
o(6olv:
o) Xe 0epporpooio 25"C ropiouv Ka(HCN): 4 . l0- l0
: 4. l0-4.
rct Ku161.16r;
p) To HF oe 6vq 8rril,upo iyer u: 0,05, evrbro
HCOOH oe 6vq d)"}.o6rdl"upo61ero : 0,1.
y) To o(6 HA oe 6uil.upo ouyr6vrparcqqlM rovd-
(etor oe noooor6 2Tq evuoto o(6 HB oe 6rril,upo
ouyr6vrprooqg0,1M Ko,tornv i6ro 0epporpooio
lovri(sror oe noooor6 2To.
6) To o(6 Hf oe Srdlupo ouyrdvrp<rrorlg I M, orouq
25"C, tovri(erol or noooor6 l%. To o(6 HA oe
8uilupo oulr6vrprooqg0,1M, orouq 35'C, rovri-
(etar oe noooar62Vo.
Aivetsr 6tr 6l"o to 8tol.rSporoeivar u6otrrd,.
10.31 Aro06toupetpio u8otrrd 6rol,6putorov lrovo-
npcoorrbvo(6rrrvHA, HB ror Hl nou 61ouvtqv i6ra
ouyr6vtpoorl (0,1M) ror tqv i6ro 0epporpooio(25"C).
H ouyr6vtprooqrcovr6vrrovH3O+ ora rpio 8roX,rlpoto
Bp6ftre ovtiororlo 0,02M,0,1M ror 0,005M.
o) No 8rorri(ete ra olta rotd oerpdou(cv6pevqgtr-
pt19Bo0po6rovtropori o ror oto0epdgKu.
B) Iloro eivor rolup6cepo oN6;
1) Eivor oroor6 6u r'1nopondvrrl6uiro(q 0o ro16eroe
6l,s ta u8onrd 6rol,6poto rcov o[6olv fiou 6IoDv
Oepporpooio25"C;
10.32 fra to povonprrxrrdo(6o HA, HB, Hf ror HA
und,plouvro e(r1q6e6opevooe uSotrr6 6rril,upo:
o) To o(r1HA 61etKu :3. l0-5 oe Oepporpooto
25"C.
F) To o€6 HB 61erBo,0p6rowropof l0-2 oe 6rdl.upa
ouyr6vrpcooqq0,1M oe Oepporpooiu25' C.
y) Xe u6arrr6 8rril,upo o(6oq Hf ouyr6vrpr.tloqq
0,01M Bp60qre6tr [H3O+]:10-2 M oe Oeppo-
rpooio 25'C.
6) To o(6 HA 61etKu : 19-o oe 0epporpooio,40"C.
No 6rord,(etero o(6o a,urd,rsro oerpd ou(av6pevqq
rolrioq.
10.33 Y6oor6 6r6l"upooo0evo6qpovonpcotrrofo(6-
og HA 61erouyrcfvrprooqc -- 0,2M. Na e(rlyrioemnrilq
petoBd,l"l,oworto pey60qc, Ka(rrA),opq Kot [H:O*]
6tov oro 6rd)"upoouc6:
o) npoo'06ooupe vep6,
B) el,cttrilooupeu1 0epporpo,oio,
y) npoo06oouperoOop1 noo6clto HA, loptq peto-
pol,r'1tou 6yrou,
6) npoo06ooupeu6otrr6 6tdl,upoHA 0,02M,
e) npoo06ooupeu8atrrc66rdl,upoHA 0,5M.
Atvetor 6u yw to ofiti HA ro16ero < 0,1.
10.36 Y6otrr6 6rril,upoNH3 opor6v€corpe npooOrl-
rq vepor5oe tetponl.ctoro6yro (Vz :4Vr) 6roqprb-
vtoq otoOeprlq 0epporpooio.No e(qyr1oemnrirgpe-
to pey60r1
roBdl"X"ovtot osr, [OH-] Ko.1rle11-oto 6td-
l,upo.Aiveror6o no u1v NH3 ro16ero < 0,1.

10.34 Y6qflr6 6rdl.upoHCl ouyr6vrprooqq 0,1M o- 10.37 Y6otrr6 6r6l,upopovonpc,rtrrorlo(6oq HA o-

porrbverarpe npoo0rlrrl vepof 8rorrlprilvtogoto0eprl porcbverorpe npooOt'lrq vepo6 oe Srnltioro 660
q 0epporcpooio.No e(qyrloxe nhc,petoBdl,l,ovtotto (Vz :2Vr) 8wtrlprbvtogotcOepf q 0epporpcoia.Na
nopordtco p€T6enrotd t1v opoirooq:
oulrpivete oto op1rr6 Kor oro oporrrlpevo6r6l,upota
o) H ou66vtpoorl tou HCl.
pey60qopq, [H:O*] Ko,tll11re+,6tov ro o(6 HA etvor:
0) O Fo0p6qrovnopo6 tou HCl.
o) ro1up6 o(6 (n.1. HCI),
y) H oulr6vrpool rov r6wcovHIO+.
6) H ouyrfvtprooq tou H2O. B) ao0ev6qo(r1,oto onoio ro16er6n o < 0,1.
e) O opr0p6gmolesrcovr6vrcovH:O*.
10.38 No e(etdoeteov ro en6pevopovonpotrrd o(6a
10.35 Y6ottr6 6rdl.upoNH3 oDyKdvrpcooqq 0,1M o- eivor rolupd ( oo0evq:
por6vetor pe npooOrirq vepo6 8roqprilvtog ocoOeprl o) Y&nrr6 6rdl,upool6oq HA ouyrdvrpr'lot'yq 0,2M
rr10epporpooio.No e[qyt'1oetenrirgpetopdl,l.owor ra 6Xet[H3O-] = l0 2M.
nopordtcopsy6el rotd ttlv opoirool. p) Y6our6 6rdl"upao(6oq HB oporrbvetoros rsrpo-
o) H oplrrrl ouyr6vtprooqtqg NH:. nl.6oro 6yro, on6re o Bo0p6qrovoopoti rou o(6oq
B) H ouyr6vrprooqrou H2O. 6rnl"oor&(etor.
y) O Bo0p6qtovoopof qg NH3. y) Y6oor6 6r6l,upoo(6oq Hf 6Xer6yro l00ml rar
6) H otaOepdtovttopof K6 flt NH3. [H:o+] : l0-3M. To 6td]"upoopc,trirvetotob te'
e) H oulr6vrp0oq rorv r6vtrovOH-. l"tr6 6yro 500mL, 8toqprilvrog oro0eptl q Oep
ot) O apr0p6qmolesrcovr6vtrovNHf,. porpooio, ror oto oporcop6vo6uil,upoBp60qre6u
Aivetat 6u yro qv NH3 ro16ero < 0;1. lH:O*l:2' 10-aM.

10.39 Iloreq an6 ugen6pevegnpotdoerq,nou ovu<p6- or) Eivot ovriotpo<poovril,oyog pe rI ouyr6vrprrlor

povxor orov Bo0p6 rovtropof o ev6q oo0evofq 1L"e-
rt pol,6q, eivor oc.tlot6q;
o) Eivor iooq pe to nr1l"iro tou optOpoumoles tou
q)"errpol,6q riou avtrSpor5vp€ rov 6rcl6q npog q) Or rovtrr6q evriloerq61ouvo: 1, ev6 01 opolofio-
tov ouvol,rr6 opr0p6molesrou qX,errpol,r5q.
B) Au(dvetor pr rrlv o66no"ntqg 0epporpooiog.
y) El,ott<ilvetor6rcv to 6rdl,upooporrbvetor.
6) Errppd(erqv on66oo1 t1q ovd8poolq rovtropo6
tou qlerrpol,frrl.
e) Eivor ove(riptqroq o116tr1 <p6or1
tou 6rol,6q.
rou ql,ertpol,6tq.
E(optdtor on6 q 6rol.w6qta rou ll,errpoXful
oro vrpo.
l,rr6q evrboerq61ouvo < l.
0) Anotel,ei p6tpo cqqro16oqtou 11,errpol,6q rdror
on6 opropf,veqouvOrlreq.
r) El,urrrirvetorps rrlv nopoDoiurorvof r6vroq.
10.40 lloreq un6 ug en6peveqnpotdoeiq eivcr o0)
or6c:
10.71 No unol,oyioeterov po0p6rovtropor5tou o(6-
oqKo[ rn ouyr6vtproorlrorvr6vtcovH3O+ oto en6pevo
u8otrrd Srol,6paro:
o) Ardl,upoHA o-uyr6vtproorlg 0,3M.
p) Ardl,upoHB ouyr6vrp<oor1q l0-3 M.
.
Aivowar: yro to HA: Ku 8 l0-2, yw to HB: Ku :
: l.upo ouyr6vtprrlolq 0,5M etvor 2 . l0- 3. floro ei-
: 5. l0-5.
10.72 0,l5mol oo0evo6gpovonpcorlKof o(6oqHA
6rsl.6owor oro vep6, on6re nporfnmi 6rdl,upoA1 6-
yrou 500mL. No unol.oytoere:
o) tr1 ouyr6vtpoorl rov r6wtov H3O+ rar tov Bo0p6
rovtropof tou HA oto 6rdl"upoA1,
B) q ou66vrp(Do'I rov p1 rovtop6vr,rv popirovtou
HA o"tt1vrotdotoorl roopponiog.
Aivetat yto to HA: Ku : 0,05.
10.73 Oprop6vog6yrog o6ptoqNH3 6rol,6etoroto
vep6,on6reruporfnrer6rdl,upoA 66ou 3 L oto onoio
pp604re[OH-] : 2'10-3 M. No uno].olioete:
o) tov 6yro trlg o6proqNH3, petpqpevooe ouvorlreg
STP,
B) cov po0p6tovcopor5trlg NH3 oto 6rdl.upoA.
Aivetot yto rlv NH3: K5 : 2 ' l0- 5.
10.74 7,4g CHTCHzCOOH8tsl.tiovtototo vep6,o-
n6te nporrintei 6tdl.upoA1 6yrou 250mL.
o) No unol"oyioetetq lH3O+] Kot rov Ba0p6towr-
opo6 tou o(6oq oto 6uil.upo A1.
p) To oo0ev6go(6 HA oe u6otrr6 6rdl.upo ouyr6-
vrpooqq 0,5M tovti(erol ot noooot6 l%. Iloro
eivorrolup6tepoo(6, to HA n to CHICHzCOOH;
Aivovtor:Ttu to CH:CHzCOOH: Ku : 10-s, 61,4ta
6rul,6pcto 61ouvOepporpuoia 25' C.
10.75 | ,l2L o6ptoqpe0ul.opiv16 (CH3NHz),petpnlr6- 10.80 0,5mol
vo oe ouvOriregSTP,6rol,r5ovrsroro vep6, on6tenpo-
rfnrsr 6rdl,upo 6yrou 200mL oto orioio Bp60qre onoto Bp60qrce
loH-l:10-2M.
o) No unol,oyioetetov, Bo0p6rovtropo6 qq pe0ul.o- p) Ilotoq eivoro Bo0p6qrowropo6 rou HA oe u6qtrr6
pivrlq oro 6tdl"upoout6.
F) H NHI oe 6vo u6ottr6 qq 8rril,upooulr6vtprrloqq
0,2M 61erBo0p6rovtropof 0,01.Iloto eivorrolu-
p6cpq 0dort,I NH3 rt I CH:NHz;
Aiverar6116l.o ro 6rol,6poto61ouv0epporpooio25"C.
10.76 O Bo0p6qrovtropor5ev6gol6og HA oe 6vqu6s-
trr6 tou 6rdl,upaouyr6vtproorlg 0,2M eivar5. 10-3.
o) Ilorog eivor o Bo0p6grovnopoti tou o(rloq HA oe
6vs u6otrr6 6rdX.upo ouyr6vtprooqq0,008M;
B) O Bo0p6q rovtropof rou o(6o9HB oe u6sor6 6ui-
vor rolup6tepo o16,to HA ri to HB;
Aiveror6fl 6l,o to 6rol,6poto61ouv0epporpooio25"C.
10,77 3,7g ooOevofgpovo?rprorlKofo(6oq HA 6ro-
l,6ovrur oto vep6, on6te nporcfnter 6tdl,upo 6lrou
500mL oto onoio Bp60qre[H:O*] : 10-3M. No u-
nol.oyioets:
o) q ou66vrpoon c Kol rov po0p6 rovoopo6 tou
o(6oqHA oro 6rdl,upoow6,
p) tq oletrrrl poprurr'1pri(o rou o(6oqHA.
Aivetoryto to HA: Ku : l0-5.
10.78 To CH3COOH oe u6otrr6 6rdl,upon€pl€Ku-
r6qtag 1,2%wlv 61erBo0p6rovrroporio : 0,01.Y6a-
trr6 6rdl.upoHCOOH ouyrrlvrprrloqq0,5M 61er
lHrO*] : 10-2M. floro on6 to 66oo(64eivorto1up6-
repo;Aivetor 6tr 6l,o to 6rol,6poto61ouvtr1vi6ro Oep-
porpoo'io.
10.79 0,lmol povonpcutrrouo(6oq HA 6ro,l"6ovtu
oro vep6, on6te npor6zrter6rdl.upoA1 6yrou 500mL
oro onoio Bp60r6elHrO+] :0,2M.
o) No e(edo'€teov ro o[6 HA eivorro1up611oo0ev6q
B) Xto 6rdl,upuA1npoo06toupe2 L vepo6,on6te npo-
rfnmr 6rdl,upoA2. No unol,oyioeterov Bo0p6ro-
vtropoti tou o(6o9 HA ror tq ouyr6vtprrlon rov
r6vrr,rvH3O+ oro 8rtil.upoA2.
povorpconroriol6og HA 6rol,6ovtor
oto vep6, on6te npor6nter 6rdl,upoA1 6yrou 5L oto
[H:O*] : l0-3 M.
o) No e(etrioerrov ro o(6 HA eivorro1up611oo0ev6q
6rdl,upoA2 ouyK6vrpoorlq0,4M;
y) To HNO2 os D6or1K6Dttil,upo ouyr6vtpolotlg
0,2M rovti(eror oe noooot6 5%. Iloro eivor rolu-
p6tepoo(6, to HA r'1to HNOz;
Aivetor 6tr 6l,o ro 6rol,6poro61ouv0epporpooio25'C.
ntvoKo,o ofioiog ovoq6peroroe 4 D8ortKd6ro)'ripoto o) No ouyrcpivettrnv roXDtcov 6uo BdoeovKol rnv
povonpoflrr,rv o(6ov nou 61ouvtov t6ro oyro (V) ror roID rov ou(uyrbvtouq o(6ov.
(25'C).
tqv t6ra Oeptrrorpooio p) floro an6 to 6uo 6ro),6pstoonottei neproo6tepo
' 'x" mol HCI yro nl"r1pr1
e(oubetfprool;
l.'ii*ilr'ilu* ,riitiffi iirt.,.Ul.,.a 11 .49 Ybstrrc6 6tdl"upoHCI 6Xerouyrfvtprrlotl
HA, c: lM )
0,1M. fkbq petoBdl,l"etotto pH tou 8rol"upotogotov
H B ,c : 0 , 1 M l0-3 npoo06toupe:
Hl.c:0,02M 3 o) ro0op6 vep6; B) o6ptoHCl;
I
y) u6otrr66dl"upoHCI 1M;
H A .c : 0 . 1 M
6) u5uor66rd)"upoHCl0,01M;
F) Ns 8tcrrd(etem o\tu rotd oerpd ou[ov6pevrlqt- e) u6atm66rd)"upo HCI nepterttr6ultog0,365%
olrioq. wlv;
y) floro aro ra 6rol.upoto q,norteineproo6tepo ot) u6crtrr66tdl"upo
HBr pepH : 0;
mol KOH yro nl,{p1 e(ou8edporl; 0 otepe6NaOH; 11) petollrr<6 Mg;
0) u6otrr6 6rdl.upoCH:COOH 0,1M;
11.46 Aro06toupe rpio u8onrd 6ro)"rlpoto Ar, Az Kol
Ba(OH)t Me trlv npoo0r6q oepiou11otepeof 6evpetuBdl.l.etot
A3 to onoio nepr6louv ovtiotorlc, NaOH,
i6ro ouyr6- o 6yroq tou Stol"upotog.
ror NH3. To 6roX.6poto outd 61ouvt1v
vrpoorl (0,1M), tov i6ro 6"yro(\) Kornlv i6ro Oeppo- 11.50 Y6otrr6 8rdl"upcrNaOH 61et ouyrevtprooq
rpooio (25'C). No brotd(eteto 6to)"6potosutd rotd 0,1M rot 0epporpooto25"C. llota petoBolrl 0o no-
oerpd: pouordoerro pH tou 5ul.6potoq, ov 6toulpcilvtoqoro-
o) ou(ov6pev1g trplq pH, 0cpr'1 rq 0cpporpooio.npoo06ooupe oc out6:
B) ou(ov6pevouopt0por5molesHCI nou onorteiror o) vep6;
yro r1v nl,r1pr1e[ou8et6proorltouq. B) r.'5otrr6btd).upoNaOH l0-2 M;
"y) otepe6 NaOH, lcopig vo petoBl.rl0eio 6yroq tou
11.47 Y6oor6 6rdl"upoHCOOH (A1) rut u6ottr6
6rol,rlpotog;
6rdl.upoCH:COOH (A2)61ouvt1v i6ro ouyr6vtprooq
6) u6oor6 6rdl"upoKOH PePH : 1l;
(cM) ror tr1vi6ro 0epporpuoio(25"C).
Xe noro oprorrl trpq teiver to pH tou 8tol"upotogoe
o) No ou'yrpivete tqv ropi tov 6uo o(6rovrot ttlv
ro0epionepintorol;
ro16 rorv ou(ultilv toug Pdoerov. la.
A i v e r a yr r at o H 2 O :K , : l 0
F) No ouyrpivete to pH tcov 8rol.updtov Ar Kol Az
Korrov Bo0p6rowropou trov 6uoo(6covoto 6rolri- 11.51 Y6otrr6 8rdXupoCH3COOH I M opotcbvetot
poto outd,. pe npoo0rlrq vepori,8rotqprbvtuqoto0eprlq 0eppo-
y) floro sn6 to 66o 6rol,6poto npenuva aporroOei pe rpooio. Ikirg petoBd)'l.ovtorto nopordtcopey60q;
npooOr1r1vepof ritoteto 8tol.upotovo onortq- o) oclircoon 0) Pft 1) Ka(cHrcooH)
oouv i6rs trpn pH; 6) ICH3COO I e) ns,6r
Aivovtsr:ylo ro HCOOH: Ka-2 'l0-4, yro to Aiveror6rt yro to CHICOOH eivoro < 0,1.
' y r o
C H : C O O H :K u : 2 1 0 - 5 , t o H 2 O :K * : 1 0 - r a .
11.52 Y6otrr6 6rd),upaHF 61erouyr6vtprrloq0,2M.
'l1 (A1) No e(rlyrloetenritqpetoBd),)'ovro1 ro pey6ft osn, PH,
.48 Y6utrr6 6rdi.upoNH3 ror u6otrr66rdl.upo
C2H5NH2(A2)61ouvtov i6ro 6yro fl/), u1v i6to ou66- lF ] ror Kulgp; otrg e({1q neprntritoeig:
vrporoq(cM) ror tqv i6ro Oepporpooio (25"C).To 6rd- o) Aflno1 tqg 0epporpooicrg.
l,upoA1 61erprrp6tepl trprl pH on6 to 6rdl.upoA2. B) Ilpoo0rlrq vepou.
y) Ilpoo0qrq o6ptouHF (V: mo0ep6q). p) Iloro on6 to8rohiporoAl Kol A2 o7tolreifieplooo-
6) Ilpoo0r6rl u8atrrof 6rol.r5porog HF 0,05M. repa mol NaOH yro nl,r1p1e(oubet6porq;
e) Ilpo0rlrr'1u6ooro6 6rol.ti;.rotoq 0,4M.
HF y) To ro06va 6rol.upu opotrbvetorpe vep6 oe 6ero-
Aivsror 6tt yro ro HF eivat o < 0,1. nldoro 6yro. To oporropfva8ral.ripotonou npor6-
nrouv 0o 61ouvtqv i6ro uprj pH;
11.53 Ybuctr6 8rdlupo NH3 61er ouyr6vtpcootl
Aivovtor: 6l,a ro 8ral.ripuro61ouv0epporpaoio25'C,
0,1M. No e(qyrloetenrbqpetoBdll,ovrol o Bo0p6gro-
p o t o H 2 O :K * : l 0 - t 4 , y t a r o H C O O H :o < 0 , 1 .
vrlopo6 trlq NH3 ror to pH tou 6tol,6potoq,ov 6tatq-
prirvtoqoto0eprl n'1Oepporpooia25" C, n poo06ooupe: 11.56 No unol,oytoetetrg trpeg tcovotoOeprirvroop-
o) vep6, poniaq fu trov er6pevov lrlprriov e(rociroecov ror vo
p) u&ror6 6rd)'upoNH3 0,02M,
e(qlf1oete fipoq fioro rote60uvoq eivcr petotonropf-
y) u6ottr6 6rol.upoNH3 0,5M, veqot roopponieq:
6) o6pruNH3 (V : oto0sp6q), a) CH3COOH + NOt = CH3COO- + HNO2
e) u6orrr6 6rdl,upoNH3 ?r€ptsKttK6rrlraq},lT%wf v.
0) HFiCH:COO- + F- +CH:COOH
Atvetar6tt 1to ulv NH3 eivoro < 0,1.
y) CH3COOH+CO3- + CHrCoo- +HCO;
11.54 Y6ottr6 6rdl.upopovonpcottrofo(6oqHA ou-
6) CH3COOH + NH: + CH3COO- + NHI
yr6vrproorlg0,1M oporrilv€rolp€ tpoo0rqrq vtpo6 os
oto0ep'40epporpooia.
e) NH: + HCO; = ].rHf + CO3-
o) floro on6 uq en6peveqropn6l.eq6eilvei rl p€ro- or) NHf + CN- = NHr + HCN
Bol,ri pH tou 6wl,6potoq oe ouvdptqoq pe rov 6- Aivovtor:yro to CH3COOH:Ku : l0-5, yto to HNO2:
yKo rou vepo6nou npootiOetor; Ku : 5 . 10-a,yto ro HF: K" : 7 ' l}-a,ywro HCo, :
pH K u : 5 . l 0 - 1 1 ,y t o t o H C N : K u : 4 ' l 0 - 1 0 , y l o r r l v
t4 NH3: K6 : 10-5,po to H2O:K* : 10-14.

11.57 To en6pevou8ocrd 6tol,r5potu61ouvtqv i6to

ouyr6vrprooq(c : 0,1M) ror 0epporpooio(25'C) rot
nepdlouv rog6rol,up6vr1
ouoio:
o) HCI B) KOH y) CH3COoH
6) HzSO+ e) CH:NHz ot) HNO3
O C&xap\ q) Ba(oH)t
opri
No 8tard(eteto 6rol,6potoout& ror' ou(ov6pevr'1
pH.

0 Vrto(ml,) 11.58 Tq en6pevou6otrrd 8toX.ripoto61ouvu1v i6ro

ouyr6vtparl (cM) rot trlv i6ro OepporpooioQ5'C)
B) To o(6 HA eivor ro1up6 11oo0ev6q; ror nepr6louvrrlq6rul,up6vqouoio:
f) Av to 6uilupo clpotr.tlOei
ot tKorovrotrl.doro6yro, u) HNO: B) NaOH y) NH3
noro eivot to pH tou oporopfvou 6rol,6patoq; 6) HF e) HCN ot) CH3NH2
Aivstor yto ro HzO: K* : 10- la. No 8rotd(erc ro 6rol6poro outd rsto oerpd ou(av6-
pH.
11.55 Y8utrr6 6uil.upoHCI (Ar) rat u6otrr6 6tdl.u- pevrlqttpriq
:
po HCOOH (A2)61ouvqv i6to ttprl pH 2, tov t6to Aivovtor: y1o rnv NH3: K6 : 10-5, yro to HF: Ku :
6yro (V) Kol rrlv i6ro 0epporpooio (25"C). : 7 . 1 0 - 4 , y t o r o H C N : K u : 4 . 1 0 - 1 0y, 1 0 r r l
o) floro qn6 to o16oHCI rot HCOOH 61erpe1ol"6- C H 3 N H 2 K : u : 5 . 1 0 - a , y r o r o H z O :K * : l 0 - l a ,
rcpr1opltrri ouyr6vtpr.oorloto 6r&l,updtou; yro roDqooOeveiqql,ertpol.rlcq ro16ero < 0,1.
12.43 Y6otrr6 6td),upoooOevorlq povonprorrqq B6-
orlg B 61erpH : I l. No unoX"ofioetetr1 ouyr6vrpcoorl
qg B6or1q B oro Drdluparor rov Bo0p6rovoopof tr1q.
Aivovtor: yro tq pdoq B: K6 : 5. 10-6, ytc ro H2O:
K* : l0-la.
12.44 O po0p6qtovrlopori tou HNOz oe 6vuubarrr6
rou 6rdl,upaeivor 0,05.No unol"oyioete:
o) trq ouyrevtpriloeiq6l"rovtrrlv oropou6irovfiou fit-
pr6lovtar oro 6rriX,upo,
F) ro pH rou 6ru,l,rlporoq.
Aivovtar:yto ro HNO2: Ku - 5. 10-4,yro to H2O:
K* : 16-t+.
12.45 Y6ottr6 6uil,upo NH3 61ernepterttr6tqro
0,17%w lv . Na unol,olioere:
o) to pH rou 6rol,6potograr rov Bo0p6rovtropoi qq
NH3 oro 6rdl,upoout6,
B) trg ouyrevtpciloerq6l,r,lvtrov oropon8iov tou 6ro-
l,ripatoq.
Atvovtot:Tto rnv NH3: Ku : l0-5, yro,to H2O:K* :
:10-14.
12.46 H nupr8ivq(CsHsN)eivorproete-
porurl,trrj dvrooqpe8uodpeoqoopri1 o-
noioeivsrooOevrlq povonprocr{Brioq.Na o-
unol,olioere ro pH tou 6rol,6pctoqror ug ouyrevrprir-
oeig6kov rcovoropun8icovoe 6vou6sor6 6rdl.uponu-
pr6ivr19ouyr6vrpr'lor1q0,1M.
Aivovtsr: y1o tlv C5H5N:Ku : l0-e, yto to H2O
K* : l0- la'
12.47 YSartr6 6rdl.upoHCOOH 61erpH : 2. Ns u-
nol,oytoere:
o) trlv Towf v nepwrctr6trlto rou 6rol,6potog,
B) trg ouyrevtpriloerg61,orvtrov oropoo8iov tou 6rc-
l,6porog,
y) q ouyr6vrpool'l rcDvr6wcovH3O+ nou nup&yo-
vtor cn6 tov outoiovnop6 rou vepo6.
Aivovtur:yro to HCOOH: Ku : 2. 10-4,yro to H2O:
K* : 10-la.
Or onovtrloerg Bptorowor oro t6l"og rou BrBliou.
12.48 Opropevoq6yroq o6pruqNH3 8rol"rietototo
vep6,on6renporfntouv 5L 8rol"tipotoqpe pH: 11.
No unol,oyrotoriv:
o) o 6yrog qg aeprogNH3, perpqp6voqoe ouv0rireq
STP,
B) o Bo0p66rowropof t1q NH3 oto 6rdl.upo,
tou 6ro115-
6l,rovtr.ovocopotr8icov
1) or o'uyrevtprboerq
p0rog.
Aivovtsr: ylo rrlv NH3: K5 :2.10-s, yra to H2O:
K* : l0- la.
12.49 Y6otrr6 8rtil.upo(A1)oo0evorigpovorpcotrro6
o[6o9 HA 61eiouyr6vtpooq I M.
o) No uaol,oyioetero pH tou 6ral"6potogA1.
B) Xe 100mL rou 6tol"6potoqAl ttpooe6toupe9,9L
vepo6,on6te nporfnter 6rdl,upoA2. No unol,oyt-
otTt:
i) to pH tou 6rol,6putogA2,
ii) rov X6yo trov Bo0pirlvrovrtopof tou HA oto
6rol"6potoA1 Kot A2.
Aivowor: 6l,o to 6rol,6poto61ouv0epporpuoio25'C,
yro to HA: Ku : 10-6.
12.50 A6pro pe0ul.optvrl(CH3NH2)6ro)"6etoroto
vep6, oa6te npor6ntei 6uil,upo A1 6yrou 400mL pe
pH:12.
o) No unol,oyioeretov 6yro trlg o6praqpt0u),opiv1q,
petprlpevooe ouv0r6egSTP.
0) Nu unol,oyioeretrg ouyrevrpriroetq6l,rovrcovoo-
pon6irov nou undplouv oto 6rdl,upoA1.
y) II6o'a mL veporinp6nervo rpoo06ooupeoto 6td-
l,upo A1 riroteo Bo0p6qtovnopor5qq CH3NH2 vo
8rnl,ooraorei;
Aivovror: 6l,o ro drol,ripoto61ouvOepporpaoio25'C,
t+.
loq CH3NH2:Kro:4' l0-a,patoHzO: K': 16-
12.51 Y6oor6 6uil.upoCH3COOH(A1)61erouyr6-
vrpcDorl0,2M, evriru8atrr6 6ral,upo(A2)oo0evoriqpo-
vonpcotrrof o(6oq HA 61erou66vtprooq cM. Av to
o(6o CH3COOH ror HA 61ouvtov i6ro po0p6rowr-
opof o, vo unol,oyioeteto pH tou 6tol.6potoqA2.