Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2018 10OctME
2018 10OctME
2018 10OctME
VOL. 76 • NO. 10
ASNT… CREATING A SAFER WORLD!™
ASNT
Annual
Conference
28–31 October
Houston, Texas
Exhibitors Gallery
Fellowship Papers
Award Winners
ALSO INSIDE
Arrayed
y Eddyy
Current Testing
Automatic Ultrasonic
Technique
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THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING
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OCTOBER 2018
VOLUME 76 • NUMBER 10
FEATURES
1292
1292 AEC Test
Effect of Structural Parameters on Coupling
Interference of Arrayed Eddy Current Testing
Yang Li, Ling Ren, Saibo She, Yechao Li, Jing Nie, and Jingbin Li
TECHNICAL PAPER
1414 Automatic Ultrasonic Testing Technique
for AZ80 Magnesium Alloy Cartridges
Xiongbing Li, Duo Lyu, Xuanrun Wang, Peijun Ni, Feng Chen, and
Yongfeng Song
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The American Society for Nondestructive Testing
asnt.org
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PRESIDENT’S letter
The Art of NDT
AS YOU CAN TELL from my past President’s Letters, I
have always had a love of music. What many of you
may not know is music was not my first love—it was
...I was thrilled to
art. Born into a small family of modest means, my be assigned to the cultural
brother and I would draw for hours. (I can still hear my
dad saying: “Can’t you guys use both sides of the heritage team.
paper?”) I carried this passion for art into my high
school years where I would draw on just about
anything that did not move. and Conservation of Cultural Heritage, “Analysing Art:
So, as a senior in high school, the teachers finally New Technologies - New Applications,” at the State
got tired of me drawing on anything and everything, Russian Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia. As the
and they enrolled me in a local junior college as an art curators and scientists went through their presenta-
student. Now that I think about it, I’m not sure if they tions and described the NDT methods used, it was
wanted to develop my art skills or just didn’t want me clear that we now know so much more about these
hanging around the school. works of art after applying NDT. Whether it was the
After becoming a NDT inspector, I thought my art discovery of a valuable painting under another
days were over. However, little did I know that as a NDT painting, or locating a void under the slab of a building
inspector I would be spending time in cities like Paris foundation, this was NDT. No doubt about it!
and Amsterdam where famous artists such as da Vinci Not only was NDT everywhere, so were ASNT
and van Gogh once roamed the streets. When I wasn’t members. I was surprised to see so many of the
working I spent hours looking at their and other artists’ attendees were members of ASNT, and they were
sculptures and paintings. proud to tell me that they were.
I still make it a point to visit as many museums as I I would like to thank the British Institute of Non-
can when I’m on the road. So you can only image how Destructive Testing, the Russian National Society of
happy I was to be named an e-learning expert for a Non-Destructive Testing, Olympus, and others for spon-
four-year project for the International Atomic Energy soring this event. I would also like to thank the
Agency on civil engineering and cultural heritage, and I International Atomic Energy Agency for allowing me to
was thrilled to be assigned to the cultural heritage work on this project, and ASNT for its financial support
team. for this trip. I would also like to thank Roman Maev and
Our team will be gathering information on the NDT Andrey Zagorskiy for their hospitality during that event.
methods and best practices used in cultural heritage I hope during the next workshop, ASNT will see fit
condition monitoring. We will then be developing to help sponsor this event at some level, and I would
e-learning training for those who perform NDT on like to thank everyone involved for allowing me to
cultural heritage specimens. Cultural heritage know once again how it felt to be a young man
specimens can be divided into two groups: movable surrounded by the world of art.
objects, such as paintings and smaller sculptures, and
larger immovable objects, such as large sculptures and
historic buildings. DAV ID A . M A N DIN A
Recently, I was asked to attend the 2017–2018 ASNT President
2nd International Workshop on Preservation president@asnt.org
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ASNT Scope
provides readers with
updates on ASNT
members, sections, and
section news
activities. We depend on
member contributions
for this section. Send
updates, announcements,
and photos regarding
your Section, people,
awardees, obituaries, Acadiana House in Pearl City, Hawaii. In attendance
and other updates to LAFAYETTE, LOUISIANA
were six members and guests. The
presaward@asnt.org. At the Acadiana Section’s February meeting included a discussion about
Please include Scope meeting, Christopher Reynolds, who Section funds, the design of local Section
News in the subject line,
participates in the nondestructive testing t-shirts, and the status of the newsletter.
and your name and
(NDT) program at Baton Rouge Community Section Treasurer Jack R. Laws
contact information.
College, was awarded a $500 scholarship. reviewed recent Section deposits. Section
Chair Derek Barbadillo proposed that new
Hawaii members receive a local Section t-shirt
HONOLULU, HAWAII upon joining, and logoed polo shirts
The Hawaii Section held its quarterly should be given to current program year
meeting on 7 June at Buzz’s Original Steak officers. All in attendance voted yes to the
SECTION HIGHLIGHT
The Acadiana
Section presented
a $500 scholarship
to Christopher
Reynolds, of Baton
Rouge Community
College’s
nondestructive
testing program,
at its February
meeting.
Acadiana Section Membership Director Ethen J. Dupuis (left) presented a $500 scholarship
to Christopher Reynolds at the Section’s February meeting.
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Society
Notes
Don’t Miss the Annual
ASNT Business Meeting
and Town Hall Discussion
The annual ASNT Business Meeting
and Town Hall are valuable opportu-
nities to be an active participant in
the future of your Society. Don’t miss
these chances to let your voice be
heard. Join fellow members and
elected representatives at the
Annual Conference in Houston,
Texas, on Sunday, 28 October 2018
at the Marriott Marquis Houston
Hotel (connected to the George R.
Brown Convention Center) in
Houston Salon IV. The Business
Meeting will take place from 2:00 to
3:00 p.m., and the Town Hall will
immediately follow, concluding at
Attendees of the Hawaii Section’s 7 June meeting (from left): Jeff Goff, Section Chair Derek 4:30 p.m.
Barbadillo, Jarrett Y. Sano, Section Treasurer Jack R. Laws, Section Director Jayme J. Martin,
and Jeremy Link. Call for Abstracts
ASNT is currently seeking abstracts
for the 2019 ASNT Research
proposal. Section Director Jayme J. Martin Ohio. Though thunderstorms came through Symposium to be held in Garden
is finalizing the newsletter, and a distribu- at about the halfway point, no one let it Grove, California, on 1–4 April, and
tion list for recipients is being generated. dampen their spirits. Attendees had a great the 15th International Symposium
time and a fabulous dinner. The Section on Nondestructive Characterization
Miami Valley would like to thank the following sponsors of Materials, to be held in Portorož,
C I N C I N N AT I , O H I O for providing door prizes: the American Slovenia, on 17–19 September
The Miami Valley Section met on 1 June for Institute for Non-destructive Testing (AINDT), 2019. To be considered, the
its annual season-ending golf outing. The American Testing Services, A-Lab Corp., deadline for the Research
event had 32 golfers who enjoyed the Sherwin Inc., Magna NDT LLC, Test Equipment Symposium is 15 October 2018 and
Heatherwoode Golf Course in Springboro, Distributors, and The Modal Shop Inc. the deadline for the International
Symposium is 1 February 2019. For
more information and to submit
abstracts, visit the ASNT website at
asnt.org/events.
Attendees of the Mohawk Hudson Section’s 5 June meeting at the Van Dyck Restaurant &
Lounge.
Kathy L. Ferguson, Pacific Northwest Section Chair (center, wearing green), welcomed Clover
Park Technical College NDT students and faculty to the Blue Origin factory tour, held by the
Section on 16 May.
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Attendees of the Saudi Arabian Section’s 25 June meeting at the Carlton Al Moaibed Hotel Dammam.
Attendees of the Shanghai Section’s meeting on 3 July, which featured several presentations.
the meeting and introduced Section Chair Nondestructive Evaluation/Testing in African Qualifications Authority accredited
Abdullah M. Al Khalifah, who distributed Xiamen City. It was reported that 800 NDT qualification, which should come into
appreciation awards to the five companies people attended the conference. Both place in the next few months in South
who sponsored the Section’s monthly Kinsey and Basrawi encouraged Chinese Africa. There was a good turnout, and
meetings and handed out Eid greetings NDT experts, technicians, and students to everyone enjoyed the usual pizza.
and gifts to all attendees. get ASNT certification and attend a The Section held its first board
Shanghai Section meeting. meeting of the 2018–2019 year on
Shanghai 17 July, at SANDE. The new board
SHANGHAI, CHINA Southern Africa members are all excited about their
The Shanghai Section held a meeting on JOHANNESBURG, SOUTH AFRICA upcoming projects and vision for the
3 July. The meeting was attended by The Southern Africa Section held a very Section. Topics on the agenda included
50 members and guests. Regional informative technical meeting on 19 June technical meeting ideas, career outreach
Director, Region 19, Marwan F. Basrawi at the School of Applied Non Destructive and educational projects, ACCP exams,
was invited to give a speech about NDT in Examination (SANDE) in Impala Park, and upgrading the website. For the first
the Middle East. Section Chair Ji Jingyuan Boksburg. Garth D. Appel, manager of the time, there are now two women holding
and Regional Director, Region 19, John J. South African Institute for Non-Destructive officer positions on the Section’s board.
Kinsey greeted everyone in attendance Testing (SAINT) Professional Body for NDT, w
x
and thanked them for supporting the gave a presentation on the new South
Section. The meeting was hosted by Yxlon
International. Ten presentations were
given.
On 4 July, Basrawi and Kinsey attended
a meeting held at the Chinese Society for
NDT (ChSNDT). Basrawi gave a brief intro-
duction about NDT in the Middle East and
the development of ASNT Region 19.
Jingyuan gave Basrawi a tour of the
computer-based testing (CBT) room, where
ASNT Level III examinations are held, and
of the practical examination rooms. Kinsey
announced the new regulations of the CBT
retake examinations, and he also
discussed organizing more ASNT section
meetings in other areas of China with the
board members of the Shanghai Section.
On 6 July, Basrawi and Kinsey attended The Southern Africa Section held a meeting on 19 June that included a presentation from
the International Far East Forum on Garth D. Appel (standing).
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ASNT Sections: 2017-2018 in Review
Meetings
Meetings by
Method
RT 38%
UT 25%
ET 14%
459 meetings were held in AE
GW
7%
5%
14 countries by 63 sections
MT 4%
between 1 July 2017 - 30 June 2018. IR 2%
LM 2%
Countries with active ASNT sections:
PT 2%
Canada, China, Germany, India, Kuwait,
Mexico, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, LT 1%
United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom,
United States, Qatar, and South Africa
Section Outreach
2400
career promotion
$21 250
in scholarships
materials to students
were awarded to
ranging from
elementary school
through college. 31 students. Sections participated in 22 career days,
STEM days, engineering events, and science fair judging.
383 member volunteers led active sections. 25% volunteers were first-time section leaders. 37 websites
17 Facebook pages
1 LinkedIn page
3 active on Twitter
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foamed glass aggregate for use in geotech- Engineers (ASME), and currently on the or co-PI on $6 million worth of contracts
nical engineering. He was a research fellow editorial board of NDT & E International. since 1990. Jacobs has an established
at the International Institute of Earthquake Jacobs’s research has been funded by record of recruiting and advising students,
Engineering and Seismology (IIEES) in multiple federal and state government including 17 Ph.D. students and 65 M.S.
Tehran, Iran, where he developed an agencies and private industry/companies. thesis students.
advanced two-dimensional spectral finite He has been the principal investigator (PI)
element code to investigate the seismic
linear response of alluvial valleys in site-
effect microzonation studies. He is also an
active researcher in geotechnical and
earthquake engineering and has authored
papers in these areas.
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Schumacher’s primary research
interests are in the area of nondestructive
evaluation of civil infrastructure. In partic-
Fellowship Award
ular, he is interested in stress wave and
vibration-based techniques such as
acoustic emission and ultrasonic moni-
toring and impulse response testing.
Additionally, he has been collaborating
with faculty at the University of Delaware
to develop a novel distributed carbon
nanotube–based sensor, and he is inter-
ested in video-based sensing techniques
to remotely monitor structural motion. His
Salvatore Salamone Arvin Ebrahimkhanlou
additional research interests include the
University of Texas at University of Texas at
behavior and durability of concrete struc- Austin Austin
tures, structures subject to extreme events,
bridge engineering, data analysis and
signal processing, and asset management. area of nondestructive evaluation and made an outstanding contribution to the
structural health monitoring of civil infra- advancement of the field of structural
Jason H. Ideker is an associate professor in structure with a focus on concrete struc- health monitoring. Salamone also received
the School of Civil and Construction tures. In particular, he is interested in an ASNT Faculty Grant Award in 2011.
Engineering (CCE) at Oregon State stress wave and vibration-based methods. Salamone serves on several technical
University. He joined the faculty in committees, including the ASCE Structural
September of 2008, and in 2010 was 2018 winner University of Texas at Austin Health Monitoring and Control and ASME
recognized as the inaugural Kearny Faculty will receive an ASNT Fellowship Award for Ultrasonics for Mechanical Systems
Fellow in CCE. Ideker received his Ph.D. proposed research titled “MEWR – A Bio- committees. He serves as a panelist and
from the University of Texas at Austin in Inspired Probabilistic Framework for reviewer for the National Science
2008 in civil engineering. He also holds an Structural Health Monitoring of Complex Foundation, the US Department of Energy,
M.S.E. from the University of Texas at Structures.” The project advisor is the US Department of Transportation,
Austin (2004) and a B.S. in civil engi- Salvatore Salamone, and the student is NASA, the Chilean National Science
neering from the Georgia Institute of Arvin Ebrahimkhanlou. Foundation, South Africa’s National
Technology in Atlanta, Georgia (2002). His Research Foundation, and over 45 scien-
primary research interests are alkali-silica Salvatore Salamone is an associate tific journals. He serves on the editorial
reaction in cement-based materials, professor in the department of civil, archi- board of Structural Monitoring and
concrete durability, early-age properties of tectural, and environmental engineering at Maintenance: An International Journal,
concrete and the pursuit of high-perfor- University of Texas (UT) at Austin. Before Acoustics, and Mathematical Problems in
mance civil engineering materials. He is joining UT, Salamone was an assistant Engineering.
also an internationally recognized expert in professor at the University at Buffalo
calcium aluminate cements and ettringite (SUNY), and a postdoctoral fellow at the Arvin Ebrahimkhanlou is a Ph.D. candidate
accelerated systems. He sits on the University of California, San Diego. His in the department of civil, architectural,
Executive Committee of ASTM C09 and is current research interests include struc- and environmental engineering at the
secretary of ASTM C09.50 Alkali Aggregate tural health monitoring, nondestructive University of Texas at Austin. Prior to his
Reactions in Concrete. evaluation, ultrasonic sensing methods for graduate studies, he earned his bachelor’s
smart structures, wave propagation in degree in civil engineering with the highest
Ali Hafiz earned his B.S. and M.S. degrees solids, digital signal processing, and honors from Sharif University of Technology.
in structural engineering from the pattern recognition. He has published over Ebrahimkhanlou’s current research in the
University of Technology, Iraq, and 140 referred journal articles and confer- area of structural engineering focuses on
Portland State University in 2003 and ence publications. His research contribu- nondestructive evaluation and structural
2009, respectively. He is currently a Ph.D. tions have been recognized by the 2014 health monitoring of civil, mechanical, and
candidate in the civil and environmental Achenbach Medal, an international award aerospace structures. Ebrahimkhanlou is
engineering department at Portland State that recognizes an individual who, within highly specialized in wave propagation,
University. His research interests are in the 10 years of earning his/her Ph.D., has machine learning, data analysis, signal
ASNT grants
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awards & honors
President’s Award
2017–2018 President’s Award Results
The ASNT sections achieving the gold level points this program year are Chicago,
Greater Houston, Greater Los Angeles, Miami Valley, Old Dominion, Pacific
Northwest, San Diego, and Saudi Arabian. These sections were chaired by Chuck
Johnson; Rick D. Arnett; Robert M. Fenton; Lisa M. Price; Doug A. McAvoy, Jr.;
Kathy L. Ferguson; Denise L. McKay; and Abdullah M. Al Khalifah, respectively.
Congratulations to these sections.
Participating sections will be recognized during the awards banquet at the
ASNT Annual Conference in Houston, Texas.
The President’s Award Program is based on point values assigned to various
management or operation categories. The categories and point values are estab-
lished by the SOC Awards Division and reflect section activities important to the
section and the Society. Regardless of the size of your section, points within each
category are attainable. Tell your section leadership to get involved with the
President’s Award Program and get special recognition for your section. A
maximum of 14 750 points could be earned in the 2017–2018 program.
The point levels are:
l Gold: 10 501 – 14 750
l Silver: 8001 – 10 500
l Bronze: 5500 – 8000
Congratulations to all participating section and members for their efforts.
We hope all sections participate in this program during 2018–2019. Visit asnt.org/
presaward for more information regarding the President’s Award Program.
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awards & honors
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“MEWR – A Bio-Inspired Probabilistic Framework for Advancement of Women in NDT Recognition
Structural Health Monitoring of Complex Structures” The Advancement of Women in NDT Recognition identifies individ-
uals or organizations who encourage women to enter and thrive
University of Texas at Austin
in the field of NDT, either through creation and/or implementation
Austin, Texas
of programs that provide educational or career advancement
opportunities in NDT that may not otherwise be available to
women or through leading by example of how women can not
only have a career in NDT but also contribute greatly to NDT,
ASNT, and creating a safer world.
Marwan F. Basrawi
DiTECHT Science &
Technology Consultancy
Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Jeffrey A. Wagner
NDT Quality Assurance LLC
The Woodlands, Texas
Faculty Grant
The Faculty Grant provides financial incentive to faculty members of
Robert W. Smilie
engineering programs at US universities and colleges to either revise
Istrouma Enterprises Inc.
existing courses or to develop new courses to teach NDT/NDE.
Salisbury, North Carolina
John J. Kinsey
TRC Solutions
Pudong New City, China
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Mentoring Award Outstanding Paper Recognition
The Mentoring Award was established to recognize The purpose of the Outstanding Paper Recognition is to encourage a high
those people in the Society working to encourage degree of effort toward technical, educational, or managerial achievement
others to reach goals they may have otherwise not in NDT through publication in Materials Evaluation and Research in
sought and to offer the rest of the membership an Nondestructive Evaluation (RNDE). Recipients of the recognition are
example of what they could accomplish by acting as selected on the merit of written contributions published during the
mentors. previous calendar year. Selection is based equally on the material’s origi-
nality, usefulness, and clarity, and on the appropriateness and accuracy of
its supporting material.
Marvin W. Trimm
Savannah River National
Laboratory
Clarks Hill, South
Carolina
John W. Newman
Laser Technology Inc.
Norristown, Pennsylvania Joseph F. Bush, Jr. Ed E. Edgerton Leonard J. Garcia, Jr.
Pembroke Pines, Lakewood, Colorado El Monte, California
William Via Bridge NDT Lifetime Service Florida
Recognition
The William Via Bridge NDT Lifetime Service Recognition acknowl-
edges outstanding voluntary service to the bridge and highway
nondestructive testing and evaluation industry. This Recognition
honors William F. Via, who has helped develop many standards
and specifications that are utilized nationally in the bridge industry.
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in memoriam
Robert G. Dunn US Navy, he was awarded the Good
Conduct Medal. Dunn’s career path
Robert (Bob) G. Dunn died on 11 August included over six years in the US Navy;
2018 at age 80. He is survived by his wife over ten years with Eastman Kodak —
of 60 years, Nancy; children John, William, Industrial Imaging Division; and 30 years
Robert, and Elizabeth; seven grandchil- with his own company, RG Dunn &
dren; and his sister, Joan Dunn-Lancaster. Associates, as a supplier of NDT equipment,
Dunn was an active member of ASNT, both materials, and consulting services.
at the national level and as a member of Dunn enjoyed playing golf and poker,
the Greater Houston Section. He was and was an avid follower of Houston
awarded the ASNT Fellow Award in 1980 Astros baseball and Houston Texans
Robert G. Dunn
and received the 50-Year Member football. He was a past member of the
Recognition in 2016. Knights of Columbus and a longstanding
Dunn served for six years in the parishioner at St. Martha’s Catholic Church
US Navy as a Naval Corpsman attached in Kingwood, where he participated in
to the US Marine Corps. While in the many ministries over the years. w x
Board Officers
Directors at Large
ASNT wishes to thank all the members who voted in this year’s election. w
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staff news
New Advertising Sales Supervisor In 2010, Barca and her husband, Bob,
moved to Ohio to be closer to family. In
Debbie Barca joined the staff of ASNT’s 2013, she took an advertising sales
International Service Center in August as position for The Dispatch Media Co., where
the new advertising sales supervisor. she won the Top Salesperson of the Year
Barca comes to ASNT with 13 years award in 2014 as well as the Niche
experience in media and advertising sales. Magazine Salesperson of the Year. She
A Pittsburgh native, Barca gained eight also gained valuable experience selling
years of experience working for Aspermont digital and TV products for WCMH/NBC4.
Ltd., a global media group with a focus on Barca has one daughter, Taylor, who
the mining and energy industries, with recently graduated from the University of
Debbie Barca
leading brands such as Mining Journal, Cincinnati. She and her husband enjoy
Mining Magazine, and Australia’s Mining their dogs, traveling, and spending time
Monthly. with all of their family and friends. w
x
ASNT grants
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certification memo
From the Desk of the Chief Technical Officer
Understanding Employer-Based Certification l Certification: Written testimony of qualification.
l Certifying authority: The person or persons properly designated
In the April 2006 edition of The NDT in the written practice to sign certifications on behalf of the
Technician, there was an excellent article employer.
titled “Creating an NDT Certification l Certifying agency: The employer of the personnel being
Program” written by James W. Houf. This certified.
article was prompted by the many questions l Employer: Corporate, private, or public entity, which employs
ASNT International Service Center (ISC) staff personnel for wages, salary, fees, or other considerations.
received from employers and industry repre- l Outside agency: Company or individual who provides NDT Level
sentatives interested in implementing an III services and whose qualifications to provide these services
SNT-TC-1A employer-based certification (EBC) program. This article have been reviewed by the employer engaging the company or
still holds relevance today, for reasons that I will expand upon individual.
further as they relate to the responsibilities of the individuals l Qualification: Demonstrated skill, demonstrated knowledge,
involved in an effective EBC program. documented training, and documented experience required for
An effective EBC program relies on a team of employer staff personnel to properly perform the duties of a specific job.
members, employer-designated individuals, and perhaps l Written practice: Written procedure developed by the employer
employer-approved outside consultants, who are all working that details the requirements for qualification and certification
together in conjunction to meet SNT-TC-1A guidelines. It is not a of their employees.
sole individual, such as the NDT Level III, NDT trainer, NDT techni- Just from these definitions, it is clear that the emphasis is on
cian, quality manager, quality engineer, or company the employer working to and complying with a written practice
president/owner who implements an SNT-TC-1A compliant certifi- containing the requirements that specifically apply to this
cation program. It is a combination of these stakeholder roles and employer qualifying and certifying NDT personnel to meet their
responsibilities in addition to thoroughly understanding and NDT procedures, codes, standards, customer needs, contracts,
embracing the well-established philosophy behind the develop- and so on. It is not possible to be qualified or certified unless the
ment of SNT-TC-1A that makes an EBC program effective, employer is fully involved in the process from the training, experi-
successful, and compliant with the industry criteria. ence, examination, and issuance of the certification.
It has been brought to the attention of ASNT that individuals
are erroneously obtaining SNT-TC-1A certifications from So Let’s Go Back to Basics…
persons/organizations that are not in any way associated with an SNT-TC-1A is a guideline to developing an EBC program.
employer. This misguided approach to certification is particularly Guidelines, while strongly recommended, are not mandatory with
concerning because this is a flagrant misuse of SNT-TC-1A while regard to certain specifics; however, the employer is required to
going against the principles and intent of an EBC program. In develop a written practice (based on SNT-TC-1A) that describes the
addition, training organizations or individuals that provide training way the employer controls and administers personnel training,
outside of the employer’s in-house program specifically defined experience, and examination requirements for each level of certifi-
by the written practice can only issue a course completion certifi- cation. Once the written practice has been developed, the
cate, which should not be misconstrued as a certification to employer-designated Level III will approve the document, per their
conduct NDT under an EBC program. To begin with, let’s identify a responsibilities as a Level III. Note that if the Level III is not an
number of definitions addressed in SNT-TC-1A: employee of the company and is a third-party consultant, a repre-
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sentative of the employer will also be required to approve the Inquiry 87-2
written practice in order for it to be recognized within the Does ASNT consider it “acceptable” for an NDT training school to
company’s procedural control system and contractual liability. hold a “written practice” and train, examine, and certify individ-
Once approved, it is paramount for the Level III to ensure all uals to that written practice?
departments/stakeholders affected by NDT have the appropriate Response
knowledge of the employer’s requirements and responsibilities in No, unless the certified employee is a bona fide employee of the
terms of qualifying and certifying NDT personnel. Knowing what is educational institution. SNT-TC-1A, Paragraph 1.3, states, “These
contained in SNT-TC-1A does not automatically mean that an indi- guidelines have been developed … to aid employers in recog-
vidual understands the EBC program used by the employer, as nizing the essential factors to be considered in qualifying
additional customer requirements, internally mandated require- employees…” SNT-TC-1A defines employer as: “The corporate,
ments, new technology, and so on, may affect the actual require- private, or public entity which employs personnel for wages,
ments in the company’s written practice. In addition, the employer salary, fees, or other considerations.” An educational institution
is bound by industry standards and contractual obligations to can serve as an “employer” and, as addressed in Paragraph 5.1,
ensure that their employees are properly certified to a written establish a “written practice.” The employer’s written practice
practice that has been approved and endorsed by the company should address the basis for qualification and certification.
officers/owners when SNT-TC-1A certifications are specified for the
work performed by the company. With the information identified above, it is clear that unless an
With that concept in mind, I direct your attention to ASNT’s individual is being trained, qualified, and certified by his or her
publication Interpreting SNT-TC-1A, 2017 edition (Interpretations employer (with or without the assistance of outside agencies),
from 1976 through 2017). This publication contains various obtaining an SNT-TC-1A –based certification is not possible. The
questions relating to certification and the implementation of EBC. industry-recognized requirement is that the certificate references
The following three inquiries are examples that emphasize the the company’s written practice and not just SNT-TC-1A. It is accept-
importance to understanding and applying an effective EBC program. able to include reference to SNT-TC-1A, but it’s the company’s
written practice that binds the training, experience, examinations,
Inquiry 77-3 and so on, together into a certification program. If a certificate
Paragraph 9.1 states that the certification of all levels is the only states “SNT-TC-1A,” then it should be questioned, as it may
responsibility of the employer. Paragraph 9.5 recognizes the use be a scenario where an individual is seeking EBC, but without the
of outside certification services. May an employer subcontract employer’s involvement.
nondestructive testing to an outside organization utilizing that Once again, remember that the employer is responsible for all
organization’s certifications for Levels I, II, and III, provided the NDT personnel being certified correctly and in accordance with the
results of the employer’s audit of that organization are satisfac- company’s written practice. The certification is always issued by
tory? Must the employer personally certify NDT personnel, or may the employer, so by definition, there are no third-party SNT-TC-1A
the employer accept the outside organization’s certification? certifications permitted outside of the EBC. The employer cannot
Response abdicate their responsibility for personnel certification to an entity
The intent underlying Paragraph 9.1 is fundamental. When outside outside of their full control, and the certificate must always carry
Level III services are used for the purpose of qualifying and certi- the signature of the employer’s designated certifying authority as
fying personnel, it is intended that the employer utilizing such specified in the company’s written practice. Finally, under an EBC
services be responsible for assuring that those services are program, personnel are certified to a specific written practice
properly performed and audited. Whether or not the employer approved by the employer, and not to a generically referenced use
uses outside Level III services for training and examining NDT of “SNT-TC-1A.”
personnel, the total responsibility for certification of all levels rests
with the employer of the individuals. JAMES BENNETT
Chief Technical Officer
Inquiry 83-4 jbennett@asnt.org w x
Can any Level III examiner, nominated or not by the company,
qualify a possible Level III candidate by examination?
Response
No, not unless the Level III is nominated by the company and
acting as its agent.
ACCP Level II Fabian Alberto Oviedo Tellez ASNT NDT Level III Dong Hyeon Kim
Michael Harkness Mark R. Powlison Pradeep Bhingare Eungpil Kim
Robert A. Rodriguez Robert Boyce Joonghwan Kim
ACCP Level II CWI Ronny L. Stanley Oscar Luis Cabrera Yongmin Kwon
Muhammad Akhtar Trevor Stroh Carlos Alberto Caceres Adrian Lipan
Randy Barhite Nathan Will Sanchez Annie Mauzeroll
Michael Boos Cole D. Williamson Fang Chen Michael A. Piercey
Robert L. Boswell Hubert Alan Crawford Gytri Ramsumair
Justin Davis ACCP Level III Sajad Monem Darabad Yoon Sang Tae
Jeremi Frazier Tigor Senjaya Sihombing Kevin Daniel Ferrone Surya Naga Venkata
Nicholas A. Geib Manigandan Ganesan Satyanarayana Munnaluri
Luis F. Gonzalez Harsh Golwala John Snyder
ASNT NDT Level II
Walter Hess Matthew T. Hupp Bharat Suthar
Charles Cook
Kendall McKenzie Shehbazalam M. Iraki Gabriel Valme
Francis L. Stasik
Michael Noon Kyung Don Kang Bogdan Wojdylo
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All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
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AEC
E
ddy current testing is a nondestructive testing technique that works
based on the electromagnetic induction principle. It has been widely
applied in the fields of crack detection, displacement measurement,
and many others because it is noncontact, nonpolluting, and robust
(George et al. 2017; Johnston et al. 2018; Sakthivel et al. 2016; Li et al.
2016a; Deng et al. 2018).
In order to achieve higher efficiency and better performance, arrayed eddy
current testing (AECT), based on the eddy current technique, has received
more and more attention (Chen et al. 2018; Bouloudenine et al. 2017; Li
et al. 2016b; Postolache et al. 2013; Xie et al. 2015). In the AECT application,
multiple coils are energized to generate the magnetic field, so coupling inter-
ference between coils is inevitable (Sheng et al. 2016). Moreover, the coil
mutual inductance can be regarded as the parameter reflection of coupling
interference (Chao et al. 2016). Thus, the study of the relationship between
structural parameters and coil mutual inductance is useful. This study can
reveal the relationship between structural parameters and coupling interfer-
ence, and then optimize the arrayed structural parameters to achieve better
testing performance.
In this paper, the effect of structural parameters on the coupling interfer-
ence of AECT is analyzed. Due to the good symmetry of the positive polygon
arrangement, it will be adopted as the configuration of arrayed coils. A theo-
retical analysis model is established, and the constraint relationship between
parameters is also analyzed. In addition, simulation and experimental verifi-
cation is carried out. According to the results, when the coil thickness is larger
or the topological radius is smaller, the intensity of coupling interference
using AECT is greater. Thus, arrayed coils with smaller thicknesses and larger
topological radii are more suitable for AECT applications.
O O O
R α R α α
R R
R R
Figure 1. The positive polygon arrangement: (a) triangular; (b) quadrangle; and (c) pentagon.
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In order to analyze the effect of coil parameters on
coupling interference, the constraint relationship
between parameters in the model first needs to be
determined. Because the coil outer radius is closely
related to the sensor’s measuring range, it is set as ro.
For the miniaturization, the total size of the arrayed
coils is limited, assuming that the overall carrier is a
circle with the maximum radius set as K. In order to
maintain the density of coil turns, the coil section area
is set as A. The number of arrayed coils is N, and there
is no physical contact between adjacent coils. The
parameters (ro, K, A, N) are all fixed values.
The constraint relationship between the parame-
ters in the model is shown as follows:
⎧
⎪R + r ≤ K Figure 4. The simulation model.
⎪ 0
(1) ⎨( ro − ri ) × h = A
⎪
⎪R sin π > r 80
⎪⎩ N o
R = 12 mm
Coil mutual inductance M (μH)
70 h = 2 mm
subdivision and skin depth subdivision, respectively. h = 3 mm
The simulation model is shown as Figure 4. 60 h = 4 mm
h = 5 mm
In order to analyze the effect of structural parame-
50
ters on coil mutual inductance, a parameterized scan
technique is adopted. In detail, coil thickness h is set 40
at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm, while topological radius R is
30
set at 12, 13, 14, and 15 mm. The relationship between
coil mutual inductance M and coil thickness h under 20
different topological radii is shown in Figure 5.
10
It is discovered that, under each topological
radius, the coil mutual inductance, M, increases with 0
12 12.5 13 13.5 14 14.5 15
the coil thickness, h. In other words, the intensity of
Topological radius R (mm)
the coupling interference will increase with the coil
thickness. Thus, coils with smaller thicknesses are Figure 6. The relation between coil mutual inductance and topological radius.
more suitable for AECT.
Experimental Verification
(a)
The aforementioned simulation analysis reveals the
relationships between the two structural parameters
and coil mutual inductance. Because coil mutual
inductance will lead to a change in coil equivalent
impedance and then induce coil output voltage
variation, coil output voltage variation can be regarded
as a reflection of coupling interference. According to
the theoretical model, in order to verify the correct-
ness of the simulation analysis, multiple groups of
experiments are performed. An aluminum alloy plate
is adopted as the test sample.
(b)
The structural parameters of two types of physical
coils are as follows: for coil type a, ro = 10 mm,
ri = 5 mm, and h = 2 mm; for coil type b, ro = 10 mm,
Figure 7. The two types of physical coils: (a) type a; and (b) type b. ri = 9 mm, and h = 10 mm.
(a) (b)
Figure 8. The comparison experiments: (a) single energized coil; and (b) double energized coils.
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coil mutual inductance decreases with the
topological radius, which means the intensity
of coupling interference will decrease...
Two types of physical coils are made of varnished As for the two types of coils, under different topo-
wire, with a wire diameter of 0.4 mm. Because the two logical radii, the comparison experiments are carried
coils have an equal sectional area and the same out with single and double energized coils. As an
wire diameter, their turns are both 80. The average example, the comparison experiments for coil type b
diameters of coil type a and type b are 15 and are shown as Figure 8.
19 mm, respectively. Topological radius R is set The experiment with a single energized coil can be
as the two extremes of the simulation parameters, used as the reference without considering coupling inter-
12 and 15 mm. Because N = 3 is selected in the ference, whereas the experiment with double energized
simulation model, the center distance of the two coils is affected by coupling interference. Thus, the rela-
coils is (3)R. The two types of physical coils are tionship between coil output voltage variation U and
shown in Figure 7. structural parameters is shown in Figure 9.
0.6 0.6
Coil type a Coil type b
0.5 0.5
Voltage variation (V)
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0 0
12 13 14 15 16 12 13 14 15 16
0.6 0.6
R = 12 mm R = 15 mm
0.5 0.5
Voltage variation (V)
0.4 0.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.1
0 0
0 5 10 0 5 10
(c) Coil thickness h (mm) (d) Coil thickness h (mm)
Figure 9. The change law of coil output voltage variation for: (a) coil type a; (b) coil type b; (c) R = 12 mm; and (d) R = 15 mm.
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N DT I N
H
ome to the Greater Houston Section, the
largest section of ASNT, Houston, Texas, is
a repeat location for ASNT conferences.
This year, the Annual Conference will return
to the city on 28–31 October, giving attendees the
opportunity to network, learn about advancements in
technology, hear presentations by industry experts,
and reconnect with their Society.
Program Details
This year’s Annual Conference will feature the variety
of workshops, meetings, presentations, exhibitions,
ASNT
and other activities that have made it a destination for
NDT professionals each year. One significant change to
this year’s schedule, however, is that the conference
activities will be starting on Sunday, 28 October,
Heads to instead of Monday. The first short course will kick off
the conference on Sunday morning, followed by the
ASNT Annual Business Meeting and Town Hall Meeting
2018 Annual ties also include the student career workshop and a
welcome reception in the exhibit hall. This free
reception provides a great opportunity to connect with
Houston, the fourth largest city in the United States, was founded along the Buffalo Bayou in 1836 by brothers Augustus C. and John K. Allen.
The third short course will also take place on Tuesday, particle testing; liquid penetrant testing; NDT and
and this will be the final day of the Lunch with structural health monitoring for bridges; and proba-
Exhibitors and Exhibitors Innovation Forum. Tuesday bility of detection.
will conclude with the Awards Banquet. This formal
event gives ASNT the chance to recognize members Society Meetings
who have significantly contributed to their Society and In addition to the variety of educational and
the NDT industry, and is always a highlight of the networking opportunities, the Annual Conference is a
Annual Conference. great time to reconnect with the Society and get
The conference will conclude on Wednesday, involved in its activities. Council and committee
31 October, beginning with the Plenary Address titled meetings are held throughout the conference, giving
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place on Sunday, 28 October from 9:00 a.m. to Pre-conference Events
12 p.m., during which time students can sign up for The Greater Houston Section will be sponsoring a
interviews to be conducted on Monday and Tuesday. series of activities before the conference. On
Wednesday and Thursday, 24–25 October, the Section
Companion Program will host a motorcycle ride from Houston to San
At each Annual Conference, ASNT plans a schedule of Antonio. There will also be a tennis tournament and
events for those traveling with the ASNT members and a golf tournament on Friday, 26 October. To learn
NDT professionals who will have busy schedules of more about these events and register to attend, visit
courses, presentations, and meetings. This program asnthouston.com.
will kick off on Sunday with a brunch, during which
attendees will learn more about Houston from a repre- Conference Venue
sentative from Visit Houston. This brunch will also This year’s conference will be taking place in the
include an “accessory exchange.” Monday will begin George R. Brown (GRB) Convention Center, which is
with a continental breakfast (as will each day of the located on the east side of downtown Houston,
conference), followed by the Discover Houston tour. approximately 16.09 km (10 mi) from the William P.
Attendees of this tour will have the chance to explore Hobby Airport and approximately 32.19 km (20 mi)
the city on a double-decker bus, led by an experi- from the George Bush Intercontinental Airport. The
enced tour guide. The tour will end with a three-course convention center is part of the larger Avenida
lunch at the Downtown Aquarium. Those interested in Houston convention campus, which includes
this tour should be sure to sign up in advance, as Discovery Green (a 4.86 ha [12 acre] park), various
space is limited to 60 participants (an additional fee dining and retail locations, and public art installations.
of $50 is required). On Tuesday, a NASA astronaut will Conference attendees can see some of this art on
be giving a presentation about space travel. Since the display in the conference center itself as part of the
final breakfast on Wednesday falls on the day of “Houston Infusion” initiative, which showcases works
Halloween, attendees can participate in a costume of art by local artists that celebrate the history and
contest, competing in the categories “best overall,” culture of the city. The convention center also houses
“scariest,” “funniest,” “most original,” “most effort,” five restaurants, retail space, and a Starbucks, and
and “most innovative.” offers complimentary Wi-Fi in all public spaces.
This year’s conference will take place at the George R. Brown Convention Center, the center of the Avenida Houston convention district.
(Photo credit: Visit Houston.)
Space Exploration
The city of Houston has a unique claim to fame;
“Houston” was the first word spoken from the moon,
the beginning of Neil Armstrong’s monumental trans-
mission, “Houston, Tranquility Base here. The Eagle
has landed.” The history of space exploration is
indelibly tied to Houston. The city is home to the
Johnson Space Center (JSC), which has served as the
base on Earth for NASA’s astronauts as they train and
report to Mission Control for over three decades.
Space Center Houston is the official visitor center of
The Marriott Marquis features a rooftop lazy river shaped like the state of Texas. JSC. This nonprofit attraction allows visitors to learn
(Photo credit: Visit Houston.) more about America’s human spaceflight program.
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The center features a collection of artifacts (including where the soccer teams the Houston Dynamo (MLS)
flown spacecraft), virtual experiences in the Mission and the Houston Dash (NWSL) play.
Mars exhibit, and the Independence Plaza. The
Independence Plaza, presented by Boeing, is an eight- Other Downtown Attractions
story complex that allows visitors to explore the only One of Houston’s most popular attractions is the
shuttle replica mounted on a shuttle carrier aircraft Houston Zoo. Visitors to the zoo have the chance to
(visitors can enter both vehicles, an experience unique see more than 800 species of animals in the 22.26 ha
to the Independence Plaza). (55 acre) tropical landscape, all while supporting the
Space Center Houston also includes the NASA conservation efforts of the not-for-profit Houston Zoo
Tram Tour. This tour takes visitors through such Inc. The Houston Zoo is located in the middle of
behind-the-scenes destinations as Rocket Park, where Hermann Park, which also includes numerous
they can see one of three remaining Saturn V rockets, gardens, an outdoor theater, and the Hermann Park
and Historic Mission Control—the “Houston” that Golf Course.
Armstrong was addressing when he gave his first
dispatch from the surface of the moon, the place where
NASA led Gemini and Apollo missions from
the ground. Along with learning about NASA’s past,
visitors to the tram tour can also see the future of
NASA’s space exploration in the Space Vehicle Mockup
Facility, where NASA conducts astronaut training and
develops new space exploration vehicles. The Space
Center Houston is the number one attraction for interna-
tional visitors to the city, and anyone interested in the
history of space exploration won’t want to miss this look
at the role Houston played in that history.
The zoo is part of the Houston Museum District, Children’s Museum of Houston, which has been
one of the largest in the country. This district provides named the number one children’s museum by Parents
visitors the opportunity to learn about science, the magazine, and the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, the
human body, art and literature, culture, history, and largest art museum in the Southwest United States.
more, all within walking distance. Of note are the Many of the museums also offer free admission.
Another popular attraction is the Downtown
Aquarium, a complex that also features a seafood
restaurant and attractions such as a ferris wheel and
aquatic carousel. Visitors who want to see multiple
attractions can benefit from purchasing a Houston
CityPASS. This pass (which costs $59 for adults and is
valid for nine days) includes access to Space Center
Houston, the Downtown Aquarium, and the Houston
Museum of Natural Science, and allows purchasers to
choose between admission to the Houston Zoo or the
Museum of Fine Arts for their fourth option, and the
Kemah Boardwalk (a carnival-style attraction over-
looking Galveston Bay) or the Children’s Museum of
Houston for their fifth.
This is only a sampling of the activities that
Houston offers; readers can explore even more
options at visithoustontexas.com/things-to-do.
Dining
Houston’s culinary scene is one of the city’s main
attractions, and attendees of this year’s conference
will have easy access to a sampling of the variety
Houston offers. Avenida Houston features 20 restau-
rants within walking distance, including several
options within the George R. Brown Convention Center
and the Marriott Marquis Houston. Inside the conven-
The Houston Zoo was the city’s number one attraction in tion center, attendees can sample classic Southern-
2016, and is home to more than 800 species of animals. style barbeque at Bud’s Pitmaster BBQ. The
(Photo credit: Stephanie Adams/Houston Zoo.)
headquarters hotel also offers regional classics: the
Walker Street Kitchen showcases the flavors of Texas,
and the award-winning Xochi features a menu inspired
by Oaxaca, Mexico. The Grove, one of two restaurants
within the Discovery Green park, serves a menu that
includes steaks and seafood (with more casual
offerings on the bar menu) with a view of the park’s
live oaks from its floor-to-ceiling windows. To see
more restaurants within Avenida Houston, visit
avenidahouston.com/dining.
Houston has numerous dining options throughout
the downtown area, including award-winning restau-
rants and more than 700 food trucks. The city’s
diverse culture is perhaps best represented by its
cuisine. Visitors can sample authentic Tex-Mex at the
Original Ninfa’s on Navigation, which was named the
best restaurant in Texas by Southern Living in 2017.
For a taste of Houston’s creole influences, options
The Downtown Aquarium features numerous exhibits and attractions, as well as include Brennan’s of Houston—which features bright
a restaurant that provides aquarium views alongside a surf-and-turf menu. interior décor and patio dining in a New Orleans–
(Photo credit: Oleg Anisimov / Shutterstock.com.) inspired courtyard—and Treebeards Market Square,
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housed in what is said to be the second-oldest
building in Houston. For those wanting breakfast or
brunch, the popular Breakfast Klub serves Southern
soul food fare; if visitors want to avoid lines, they
should be sure to arrive early. Houston cuisine is not
only influenced by its surrounding regions. Visitors can
get a sampling of the variety of international cuisine
available by touring Montrose Boulevard, one street
that includes restaurants serving Thai, Mexican,
Italian, Vietnamese, Greek, Japanese, Lebanese,
English, Brazilian, Chinese, and French cuisine. To
explore more of what Houston has to offer diners, see
visithoustontexas.com/restaurants.
Conclusion
This year’s Annual Conference promises a diverse Treebeards offers visitors a taste of Houston cuisine’s creole influences. The
array of experiences, including interesting speakers, Market Square location is housed in what is said to be the second-oldest building
the latest products and technological advancements, in Houston. (Photo credit: Stephanie A Sellers / Shutterstock.com)
opportunities for students, courses taught by industry
experts, and a vigorous technical program. Taking
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
place in the fourth-largest city in the country, and the
Facts were provided by ruben-gonzalez.com, the George R.
home of the largest section of ASNT, this conference is Brown Convention Center, Avenida Houston, the Marriott
sure to be a Texas-sized event! w x Marquis Houston, and Visit Houston.
EXHIBITORS
All information provided herein was supplied by companies exhibiting at the ASNT Annual Conference. ASNT is not responsible for accuracy of this information,
nor does it imply any endorsement.
1280 720 (720P HD) in 3IG Corp. Ltd.’s inspectors safe and easy access to perform
6 mm, 4 mm, and 3 mm insert probes. 3IG nondestructive testing for mechanical
Corp. Ltd.’s IDEALBORESCOPE can provide integrity purposes and to check for
the right solution to global users based on corrosion under insulation (CUI). APF
our slogan: Powering Your Inspection. inspection ports are designed to meet
3E NDT LLC Standing out as a RVI and VT solution process temperatures ranging from –120 to
La Porte, Texas provider, our company’s various product 650 °C (–185 to 1200 °F). They are
Booth 725 lines with flexible strategies help available in a wide variety of shapes and
3E NDT manufactures and distributes a wide distributors and users move forward sizes. APF inspection ports are weather-
range of NDT equipment and accessories for together with 3IG Corp. tight, reliable, durable, safe, and easy to
radiographic testing (RT), magnetic particle install. As a worldwide leader of inspection
testing (MT), ultrasonic testing (UT), remote A-Fab Co. Inc. port technology, we appreciate your
visual inspection (RVI), and miscellaneous Gibsonton, Florida continued support.
applications. The range of equipment Booth 851
includes Agfa film, darkrooms, light- Since 1970, A-Fab Co. Inc. has been
emitting diode film viewers, densitometers, providing leaded products for industrial,
X-ray film hangers, film dryers, film medical diagnostic, nuclear, and therapy
processors, image quality indicators, lead applications. These products include all
markers, lead marker tapes, stainless steel items necessary to the construction of
tanks, radiation warning boards, rate alarm radiographic facilities as well as special
design of leaded cabinetry, operator
meters, survey meters, digital equipment, Acoustic Technology Group
computed radiography imaging plates, X-ray barriers, neutron doors, and custom
Grandville, Michigan
tubes, X-ray crawlers, real-time radiography designed modular X-ray rooms and X-ray
Booth 426
systems, pie gauges, calibration blocks, inspection cabinets. Prior association with
Acoustic Technology Group Inc. (ATG),
step wedges, alternating current/direct sales and service of radiographic
founded in 1991, is a leading distributor of
current yokes, magnetic particle testing equipment and accessories allows
acoustic emission testing (AE) products in
machines, liquid penetrant testing customers to benefit from A-Fab Co.’s
the United States and Canada. ATG provides
equipment, consumables, ultrasonic unique knowledge of how the products are
the latest state-of-the-art in AE systems,
gauges, transducers, RVI equipment, and utilized and an understanding of their
instruments, sensors, and accessories. We
vacuum boxes. Our sister company, needs relative to special product design
distribute OEM products and provide
Industrial Nuclear Co. Inc., manufactures and departmental traffic patterns.
customer training and support in the United
gamma ray projectors, IR-100 iridium, and States and Canada, representing Vallen
selenium sources for all gamma ray Systeme GmbH, KRN Services, Score Atlanta
projectors: a one-stop shop for NDT. Inc. (DECI), Xarion Laser Acoustics, and
Acoustic Emission Consulting (AEC).
ACS-Solutions GmbH
Saarbrucken, Germany
Booth 649
Access Plug Flange Inc. Acoustic Control Systems (ACS Group),
3IG Corp. Ltd. Houston and Dallas, Texas
established in 1991, is an international
Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan Booth 641
provider of innovative ultrasonic testing
Booth 447 Access Plug Flange Inc. (APF) manufactures
equipment and professional inspection and
Image quality is the first priority of video inspection ports that are installed on the
engineering services. The definitive
borescopes for global end users, and now insulation jacket of insulated pipelines,
distinction of ACS products is their high
it goes into the phase of high definition vessels, tanks, and equipment, allowing
technological level and ease of use,
ASNT grants
1312non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
matching the requirements of professional significantly lower your costs of operation.
users in a wide range of practical We are pleased to serve many of the largest
applications. The main goal of our and most sophisticated industrial firms in
instruments is reaching top technical the world, with clients in the refinery,
characteristics with affordable costs in chemical, pipeline, storage tank, power
combination with the perfect warranty generation (fossil, nuclear, and wind), pulp
service and methodical support of our and paper, aerospace, automotive, and
customers. Besides developing, pharmaceutical industries. To find out how Advanced Inspection Technologies
manufacturing, and distributing novel Acuren can help you improve efficiency, Melbourne, Florida
testing instruments and systems, ACS reduce costs, and extend asset life, visit Booth 803
Group offers highly professional and acuren.com today. Advanced Inspection Technologies (AIT) is
innovative inspection services on your borescope source. AIT is a leading
supplier of remote visual inspection
infrastructural concrete and metallic objects Advanced Corrosion Technologies &
equipment for industrial applications. AIT
all over the world. We have introduced Training LLC
ultrasonic tomography in nondestructive also rents video borescopes, fiberscopes,
Sulphur, Louisiana
testing, and our customers benefit from and pipe cameras for a variety of
Booth 220
quantitative evaluation of inspection results inspections. AIT is currently the fastest
Advanced Corrosion Technologies &
with modern 2D and 3D imaging. More growing provider of remote visual
Training has been a leader in corrosion
than 25 years of in-field testing experience inspection tools worldwide. We are
inspection services for more than 15 years.
in combination with scientific signal and committed to providing the best possible
Our strategic partnerships with our clients
image processing techniques and modern inspection tools, with the highest level of
help each site we work with to maintain a
manufacturing processes allow ACS to be customer service and technical expertise.
proactive strategy for inspections,
always technologically advanced. With AIT you can always expect quality
compliance, safety, and performance. Our
products, great customer service, and
clients turn to us to improve their corrosion
expert technical knowledge. Our expertise
inspection and asset integrity programs.
and a vast knowledge base helps our
We work collaboratively to solve issues with
customers quickly and efficiently conduct
cost overruns, budgetary issues, and
visual inspections of the most remote
unplanned shutdowns. Our focus on
reaches of their plant and equipment. Our
alignment with our clients minimizes
product and application expertise allow AIT
reporting discrepancies between multiple
to partner with customers to provide
vendors and partners with varying
solutions to their applications in the most
Acuren reporting methods. Clients rely on us to
effective and precise manner possible. AIT
La Porte, Texas provide innovative solutions that combine
currently has customers in dozens of
Booth 903 state-of-the-art technology with
countries and on five continents. Industries
Acuren provides state-of-the-art NDT, conventional labor methods to create the
we serve include power generation,
inspection, engineering, and rope access– most efficient and effective asset integrity
petrochemical, pharmaceutical, pulp and
enabled industrial services, delivered management programs. Clients who work
paper, precision manufacturing, process
throughout 80 locations and utilizing 4000 with us experience a variety of results,
plants, aerospace, and others.
employees across North America and the including improved asset management and
United Kingdom. Committed to delivering a asset reliability tracking to better predict
higher level of reliability, Acuren provides future costs; enhanced reporting that saves
an unrivaled spectrum of services to costs and labor hours for your staff; and
support the safe operation of industrial improved key performance measures on
assets. We achieve high standards of safety asset management. Our focus is on
and quality because of our focus on delivering on-time and on-budget
training and investments in procedures and completion of key initiatives while Advanced OEM Solutions
technology. Acuren’s services include improving your KPI saves. Visit us at Cincinnati, Ohio
conventional and advanced nondestructive Booth 220 to learn more about how our Booth 513
testing and examination, inspection, emphasis on strategic asset integrity Advanced OEM Solutions (AOS) is a
engineering, rope access–enabled services management programs is one of the key manufacturer of high-performance and
(industrial services and NDT), and ways we can help you get better results. versatile phased array and multichannel
condition-based monitoring services. Our ultrasound instruments perfect for custom
commitment to innovation is ongoing, as is solutions. Phased array configurations
our development of programs to support include 16/16, 32/32, 64/64, 16/128,
the integrity of your assets and to 32/128, 128/128, 256/256, and more.
ASNT grants
1314non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
EXHIBITORS gallery
American Welding Society and presents multiple challenges including
SPONSOR
Miami, Florida security and storage costs. Less-than-ideal
Booth 205 storage environments can accelerate
The American Welding Society (AWS) was deteriorating image quality. AMS will work
founded in 1919 as a nonprofit organization to implement a radiographic digitizing
with a global mission to advance the process that turns archived films into high-
science, technology, and application of quality Blu-ray discs or data for cloud
welding and allied joining and cutting storage. This allows instant access to files
American Institute of processes, including brazing, soldering, and as needed and without the inefficiencies
Nondestructive Testing – SILVER thermal spraying. In 2014, AWS opened and costs associated with searching
SPONSOR AWS Asia based in Hong Kong, China, with through outdated file rooms. Digitized
Baxter, Minnesota a second office in Beijing. AWS offers radiographs do not suffer image
Booth 910 industry-respected certifications, industry- degradation but are stored on 50- to 100-
The American Institute of Nondestructive trusted technical standards development, year Blu-ray discs. AMS provides two
Testing is a licensed private career school technical standards sales, education, original Blu-ray discs to allow for disaster
that offers a Nondestructive Testing membership, and expositions. recovery planning. Blu-ray discs and data
Technologies certificate training program for for cloud storage are indexed and feature
individuals wanting to start a new career in Amotus Solutions DICONDE search and retrieval capability.
NDT. We also provide corporate NDT training Quebec City, Quebec, Canada AMS digitized radiographs are easily shared
for companies nationwide. Our curriculum Booth 755 globally. Digitize new radiographs to easily
includes both hands-on training in our fully Amotus is a design house offering access and store images. AMS has been
equipped 836.13 m2 (9000 ft2) Baxter, electronic and software developments for approved by the US Air Force as a provider
Minnesota, facility and online training, as customized interconnected solutions. It is a of quality digitizing services. AMS can
well as training onsite at your facility in the company of 23 engineers and programmers provide NAID AAA-certified secure storage
following methods and techniques: united to connect a smart, sustainable, and for your files prior to digitizing and can also
radiographic testing (RT) Level I and II, responsible world. Over the past five years, digitize selected films on demand. Most
digital and computed radiographic testing the company has completed more than importantly, our secure recycling process
Level I and II, ultrasonic testing (UT) Level I 60 years of service projects in 15 countries. for digitized radiographs and those
and II, magnetic particle testing (MT) Level I It has earned the trust of world-class radiographs that have passed their required
and II, liquid penetrant testing (PT) Level I companies for its precise skills in the retention period will often yield a rebate
and II, visual testing (VT) Level I and II, and development of simple, efficient, open, and based upon the silver reclaimed in the
40-hour Radiation Safety Officer training. certified connected objects. The company recycling process. Visit our website at
We also offer training in the following has been working in the NDT market for the AMSstoreandshred.com or contact us at
courses: Level III prep courses for RT, UT, past five years. (800) 262-2344.
MT, PT, and VT methods and Certified
Welding Inspector exam prep course. Our Arrow-Tech Inc.
administrative staff and in-house instructors Rolla, North Dakota
are here to answer any questions you may Booth 214
have and to help you make the right Arrow-Tech Inc. manufactures direct-reading
decisions to complete your company’s dosimeters and offers a full line of radiation
training needs. Feel free to contact us detection products. Arrow-Tech maintains a
Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 customer base that extends worldwide and
p.m. CST, at (855) 313-0325 or email us AMS Store and Shred LLC provides our customers with quality,
anytime at instructor@trainingndt.com. Lake in the Hills, Illinois reliable, and durable products and services.
Booth 808 Arrow-Tech provides calibration services in
AMS Store and Shred is a leader in accordance with ANSI standards that are
providing key digitizing services to the NDT traceable to NIST standards. Arrow-Tech can
industry. Today the NDT industry is moving calibrate most types of direct-reading and
through a technological evolution blending electronic dosimeters and survey meters
both digital and traditional radiographic and area monitors with geiger-mueller tube
methodologies. AMS is your partner in detectors. Industries served include health
managing both radiographic libraries along physics, homeland security, first responders,
with newly created images. Extended NDT, industrial, and medical radiography.
storage of radiographic film takes up space
ASNT grants
1318non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
OCTOBER 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 1319
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
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EXHIBITORS gallery
(British Institute of NDT, cont.)
organizations in the NDT industry. service. We are a member of Calder Group,
Membership is open to anyone or any Europe’s largest producer of lead sheet and
company working in or having an interest in lead-based engineered products with
NDT, condition monitoring, diagnostic operating subsidiaries in Germany, France,
engineering, or materials and quality Netherlands, Ireland, and United Kingdom.
testing in general. Please visit our booth No other company in our industry has our
and pick up a copy of the institute’s journal, Calder Industrial history, capabilities, experience, and
Insight, as well as other publications and Chester, United Kingdom expertise. Whatever your requirement; you
information. Booth 947 can trust Calder Industrial, the lead
With over 260 years’ experience, Calder is engineering experts, to deliver. Call +44 (0)
Bruker the United Kingdom’s leading supplier of 1244 390093 or visit calderlead.co.uk.
Kennewick, Washington lead sheet and lead engineering products to
Booth 307 the construction, healthcare, aerospace, Canon
Bruker, a technology leader in elemental defense, industrial, marine, oil and gas, Melville, New York
analysis equipment, produces both security, and research markets. In that time, Booth 239
handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) alloy we have cast, filled, milled, machined, Canon’s Industrial Products Division offers a
analyzers and handheld laser-induced extruded, cold forged, and fabricated variety of products, such as manufacturing
breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) alloy millions of tons of lead. We have supplied equipment (including physical vapor
analyzers. The S1 TITAN is among the deposition [PVD], lithography, and wafer
lightest (1.5 kg) handheld XRF tube-based bonding) and components (including X-ray
analyzers on the market today. Based on source, vacuum gauges, brushless motors,
silicon drift detector technology, the and Galvano scanners) for various
S1 TITAN provides rapid alloy grade industries. The PVD, wafer bonding, X-ray
identification and chemistry for elements source, and vacuum gauge products are
from magnesium to uranium. The EOS 500 offered by Canon ANELVA, which has
handheld LIBS analyzer gives an incredibly 50 years of experience in vacuum
fast (3 s) analysis of light metal alloys technology and related equipment
containing lithium, magnesium, aluminum, manufacturing. The products in the
or silicon. Compared with handheld XRF, G-311MH series X-ray source are
light element analysis with the EOS 500 is designed for in-line and off-line
approximately 10 faster. nondestructive X-ray inspection, such
as X-ray radioscopy and computed
millions of components to more than a tomography. The microfocus X-ray source
thousand customers, both in the United has a transmissive target and sealed X-ray
Kingdom and around the world, providing tube. The X-ray source features a diamond
them with what they require, when they window; a thin (0.29 mm) X-ray target
need it, and always competitively priced. window capable of high geometrical
Calder Industrial works closely with X-ray magnification; high resolution and high
system OEMs to offer design, manufacture, power simultaneously—4 μm L/S resolution
and installation of steel-framed lead-lined at 10 W; wide X-ray cone angle (168°);
X-ray cabinets and X-ray enclosures. All quick warm-up—operational within three
sheet metal components used to clad our minutes of powering on; fast image
fabricated steel-framed lead shield are capture—0 to 110 kV within 1 s; and
manufactured in house on our CNC laser embedded pulse X-ray irradiation mode,
cutter and brake press. This enables Calder which allows for on/off X-ray irradiation at
to offer a complete turnkey design, pulse setting. Visit us at Booth 239 or
manufacture, installation, and usa.canon.com/industrial to learn more
commissioning service to meet our about the X-ray source and other products.
customers’ specific NDT requirements.
Based in the United Kingdom but servicing
customers throughout the globe, Calder
provide mission-critical solutions with a
commitment to reliability, quality, and
ASNT grants
1322non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
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to offer the newest and most innovative MPI which reduces time and costs—especially
materials, such as dual-response particles important for measurements in restricted
that can be used in visible light or UV-A zones such us unoccupied areas of nuclear
situations, and light-emitting diode UV power plants. Our newest model of sensor
lamps for optimum distribution at low with a possibility of constant measurement
COMET Industrial X-Ray
operating costs. We remain a company that of surfaces over 500 °C developed together
Shelton, Connecticut
is focused on innovation and customer with the company Delta Test GmbH
Booth 845
service. Stop by the booth to meet our (Germany) is also represented.
COMET Industrial X-Ray develops and
knowledgeable and friendly sales team to
manufactures metal/ceramic X-ray
find out how your inspection process can
sources and related components for the
benefit from using Circle Systems’ products.
nondestructive examination of materials in
You can also learn more about us at
the automotive, aviation pipeline, and steel
circlesafe.com.
industries, and also for the stationary and
mobile inspection of baggage and cargo at
CM Diagnostics Sp. z o.o. airports and borders. COMET constantly works
Krakow Pouthisat, Poland to improve and simplify X-ray technology and
Booth 328
Cobra Scientific
Santa Ana, California is a trusted engineering partner to well-known
CM Diagnostics focuses on EMAT companies. COMET’s innovative technology
Booth 209
technology and coercimetry (nondestructive has become the basis for an unprecedented
Cobra Scientific LLC was formed by long-
technique based on measurements of the combination of performance and
term NDT industry specialists in support of
magnetic characteristics of metal coercive compactness that offers customers a new
custom application requirements. Not only
force) based on research, original realm of possibilities in the development of
have we manufactured a full line of
developments, and over 30 years of their end systems. COMET Industrial X-Ray is a
standard ultrasonic transducers with
expertise of the Ukrainian company Special product area of the Modules & Components
individual engineering experiences for over
Scientific Engineering. CM Diagnostics division of the COMET Group.
40 years, but we also offer highly
offers complex solutions from expertise to
specialized solutions in custom configured
customized industrial equipment and
transducers, fixturing, automation, and
distributes manual gauges for NDT. The
more. With in-house manual and CNC
magnetic analyzer MA-05 measures at least
abilities as well as several additive
six parameters of hysteresis loop (including
manufacturing machines, we can bring
coercivity, residual induction, magnetic
concept to reality in very short order.
conductivity, loop area, and relaxation
Incorporating this in-house know-how, we
parameters). The magnetic structurescope
work with industry leaders in
(coercimeter) MC-04-H is used for the Consultco Inc.
instrumentation, control, and software to
evaluation of fatigue and residual life of Blainville, Quebec, Canada
integrate and provide our customers the
metal and for measuring residual stresses Booth 213
best consolidated solution for their
and fatigue of new and repaired welded We are a NDT inspection company in the
application. This may include simply a
joints, efficiency of heat treatment in industrial composite industry. We inspect
probe, probe and fixture, or any
welding, and various metal hardening in the piping, reservoirs, and scrubbers used
requirement from concept to design and
mechanical engineering, as well as the in very corrosive environments. Inspections
manufacture. Our range of capabilities
evaluation of the fatigue state of equipment are completed using ultrasound,
includes small manual encoding scanners
from austenitic stainless steels. thermography, and microscope. Enclosed
and autonomous transportable scanners to
Applications include high-pressure vessels, space training has been completed by all
substantial multi-axis motion control and
pipelines, spherical tanks, storage tanks, members of the inspection team for safe
data acquisition systems. Listening to our
boilers, steam turbine rotors, impellers, internal inspection. In hard to reach areas,
customers’ requirements, we take the lead
blades, and bolts. Industries include water we will use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
in providing collaborative suggestions and
power plants, steam power plants, onshore to visually inspect. Both internal and
ideas and provide a single source solution
and offshore wind farms, nuclear reactors, external UAVs are available. Internal UAV
to the requirement. Stop by Booth 209 and
the oil and gas industry (including coiled inspection saves the time and money of
let’s get reacquainted and discuss what we
tubing), and metalworking. The EMAT opening an enclosed space for personnel
can do for you! Call (714) 340-7950, visit
Thickness Gauge UT-04 EMA (Delta) is used entry. Complete drawings by Consultco of
CobraScientific.com, or email
for thickness measurements through air new fiberglass equipment can be used to
gregs@cobrascientific.com or
gaps and/or paint and protective coatings obtain quotes from different fabricators.
rayr@cobrascientific.com.
up to 3 mm, without the use of couplant, This reduces the time fabricators require for
designing and enables the end user to
compare prices by ensuring each fabricator
ASNT grants
1324non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
EXHIBITORS gallery
heavy component NDT applications. And the
sensitivity of our market-leading IP67 Thor
detectors is setting new standards for weld
inspection applications. We also produce
Dantec Dynamics GmbH some of the fastest commercially available
Ulm, Germany X-ray inspection cameras which enable
Booth 844
DÜRR NDT GmbH & Co. KG
ultra-high speed imaging without
Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany
Dantec Dynamics is a US-owned compromise on resolution. Being the
Booth 733
manufacturer of optical measurement largest manufacturer of cadmium telluride
DÜRR NDT provides computed radiography
equipment for material testing. Leading detectors in the world and providers of
scanners, flat panel detectors (digital
companies within aerospace, automotive, detectors for imaging systems that are used
detector arrays), and X-ray inspection
defense, marine, and wind have been across the globe by leading-edge
software for radiographic testing. Still the
relying on Dantec’s shearography systems organizations, we understand digital X-ray
only computed radiography manufacturer
for decades to address their most imaging technology and NDT applications.
worldwide with BAM-certified 30 μm basic
challenging NDT applications. Dantec’s new Come and talk to us—our brands, Ajat and
spatial resolution capability! DÜRR NDT also
FlawExplorer is a fast, noncontact, and full- XCounter, are well established, and our
offers X-ray film processors for mobile use
field laser shearography system that people are experts in their fields.
and the unique REACH compliant “green”
detects delaminations, disbonds, kissing
film processing chemistry. We are showing
bonds, wrinkling, impact damage, voids, Dolphitech our new DRC 2430 NDT wireless flat panel
crushed core, and other anomalies in Raufoss, Norway detector, which features an industry-leading
composite materials. It easily handles Booth 139 pixel pitch of 76 μm and a weight of just
complex surface geometries, producing Multimaterial inspections. Reliable. Flexible. 3.2 kg. This extremely ruggedized and
real-time results of areas up to 1.86 m2 Simple. Dolphitech provides a range of waterproof digital detector arrays has been
(20 ft2). The FlawExplorer sets a new advanced scientific instruments, training, specially developed for maximum portability
benchmark in terms of portability, and services for NDT within the aerospace, and the harsh conditions of field radiography.
sensitivity, and ease-of-use, which makes it automotive, and marine and energy sectors. Get more out of radiography with DÜRR NDT!
the perfect solution for in-field applications, Our objective is to provide reliable and Visit duerr-ndt.com to learn more.
as well as integration with robotic simple-to-use equipment to perform cost-
inspection systems. Visit us at Booth 844 to and time-efficient NDT inspections. Unlike
see the new FlawExplorer in action. traditional phased array ultrasound, the
Dolphicam has a unique 2D matrix
transducer design that delivers extremely
high-resolution images. Dolphitech is now
offering a new range of ultrasound
instruments with extended capabilities.
Based on its ultrasound and transducer
technology, Dolphitech will offer NDT
solutions with interchangeable transducers
for different materials and applications. The
new system, codenamed DolphiCam 2, will
include a selection of transducers over a
wide frequency range. Inquiries can be
directed to Sales Director Thomas Berg at
thomas@dolphitech.com. Echo Ultrasonics
Bellingham, Washington
Booth 538
Win an Ultimate Ears WONDERBOOM
Direct Conversion Portable Bluetooth Speaker from the
Danderyd, Sweden couplant experts at Echo Ultrasonics. Visit
Booth 943 us at Booth 538 and discuss how Echo
Direct Conversion is a technology leader in Ultrasonics can improve your ultrasonic
digital X-ray detection technology. By testing (UT) performance, safety, efficiency,
implementing photon counting and direct and cost. Six of the many issues our
conversion technologies, we manufacture a couplants address: phased array drop out,
product range that includes detectors with side lobes, and wedge noise; auto-ignition
high-energy imaging capability (MeV) for and fire in ports and restricted spaces;
ASNT grants
1328non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
EXHIBITORS gallery
(Extende, cont.)
CIVA Fidel2D, a finite difference “add-on” Foerster Instruments Inc.
for composites. To better analyze UT Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
acquisition data, we offer CIVA Analysis, Booth 411
compatible with Eddyfi/M2M systems and Forester, a leading manufacturer and
Olympus systems. To help train the next supplier of NDT equipment, utilizes
generation of NDT professionals, we offer nondestructive electromagnetic and eddy
CIVA Education, an NDT simulation tool for current test principles. The products range
UT, eddy current, and RT specifically
GB Inspection Systems Ltd.
from simple handheld instruments to Cannock, United Kingdom
designed to help teach the physics of NDT. sophisticated integrated test systems Booth 753
We also provide our clients with technical for in-line testing. Instruments developed GB Inspection Systems (GBIS) Ltd. is a
support, adapted training, and a large for NDT in the metal manufacturing industry leading UK-based manufacturer of
choice of consulting studies from UT probe are used for crack detection, hardness ultrasonic probes and accessories and a
design to qualification dossiers or measurement, magnetic property supplier of NDT equipment, consumables,
inspection design. determination, electrical conductivity services, and calibration of equipment. GBIS
measurement, and heat treatment verification. was founded in 1984 and offers a wealth of
Forester’s DM Division manufactures products experience in providing an exceptional service
used in the detection of unexploded ordnance to our global clients operating within the NDT
and landmines. These products are used industry, with quality products at competitive
extensively by military and civilian contractors prices. GBIS has a global presence and a
for the difficult tasks of land remediation and
FlawTech Inc. quality reputation for successfully supplying
humanitarian demining throughout the world. and servicing customers in over 40 countries
Concord, North Carolina
Forester also specializes in the integration of worldwide, with future expansion planned
Booth 433
material handling systems with NDT into countries not currently serviced. Our
FlawTech Inc. has manufactured welded and
equipment to solve difficult product testing product range includes shear, compression,
nonweld flawed NDT specimens and
applications in the tube, wire, bar, and angle compression, TOFD, and high-
calibration standards for over 30 years.
component manufacturing markets. Our temperature probes. Throughout the world,
FlawTech is recognized globally as a
capabilities include engineering, design, industries such as power generation, gas,
specialist in the manufacturing of
manufacturing, installation, support, and oil, petroleum, automotive, mining, nuclear,
specimens containing “real flaws.”
service. Contact Forester with your application marine, military, railway, iron, steel,
Industries all over the world have chosen
and let us provide the solution. nonferrous, insurance, validation, and
FlawTech as the preferred manufacturer for
their NDT specimens to provide their NDT aerospace have all found benefits using GBIS
technicians the very best training, practice, products. We have an enviable reputation for
and qualification specimens. FlawTech offering quality products and services that are
manufactures specimens in most alloys and Fujifilm North America - NDT second to none. The team at GBIS is confident
for any NDT inspection method with more Materials and Equipment in delivering the right equipment, products,
than 30 different discontinuities to choose Valhalla, New York and services that best suit our clients’
from. FlawTech offers an extensive selection Booth 837 requirements. GBIS was one of the first NDT
of stock specimens designed for various This year, Fujifilm is pleased to introduce the companies in the United Kingdom to
training and code applications. FlawTech is next generation of robust and lightweight successfully achieve registration to BS5750,
renowned in the area of custom specimen wireless portable panels designed for most ISO 9002, ISO 9001:2008, and now
design and research and development for field radiographic testing (RT) applications. The ISO 9001:2015 for a quality system
unique alloys, geometries, and NDT new 100 micron Dynamix FXR Pads will offer underlining our commitment to quality. Our
inspection techniques. Regardless of your both a 25.4 cm (10 in.) 30.48 cm (12 in.) products are manufactured from the best
industry’s certification requirements, and 35.56 cm (14 in.) 43.18 cm (17 in.) materials available and meticulous attention
specimen complexities, or delivery active area and complement the current FXR to detail in production, which, together with
requirements, contact FlawTech when high-energy panel previously introduced for the exacting quality controls, gives you a
quality is critical. Come by our booth or visit high-volume productivity. Along with the reliable product that will give high
our website at flawtech.com. Fujifilm Dynamix HR2 CR system, the “VU” performance throughout its long life.
software will provides one common platform
Fleet Nav Systems to be used with both Fujifilm DDA and CR
Holland, Michigan modalities. In addition to the innovative line of
Booth 754 imaging systems, networking, and archival
solutions, Fujifilm also offers a complete line
of imaging plates, industrial X-ray film,
conventional processing equipment, and
chemistry.
ASNT grants
1332non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
128, 180, and 250 kHz; (2) MsS sector high magnification. They feature a unified design and manufacture of advanced
probe for inspecting pipelines, pressure design that combines the high voltage ultrasonic phased array inspection systems.
vessels, and tank walls; (3) sectional power supply and the X-ray head into one Their mission is to introduce phased array
focusing probes for inspecting pipe support, unit, which makes them easier to handle, to the mass market in NDT by making it
soil-air-interface, and high sensitivity set up, and maintain. Our X-ray detectors easier to use and offering more affordable
inspections of big diameter pipeline; (4) three include single-energy and dual-energy line advanced equipment.
different coupling techniques of dry coupling, scan cameras that conveniently fit under a
shear couplant, and epoxy bonding depending conveyor. We also offer TDI line scan cameras,
on pipe surface roughness and temperature X-ray CCD cameras, and flat panel sensors.
from –184 °C to 500 °C; (5) high spatial
resolution with high-frequency, one-cycle
operation; and (6) short dead zone and no
near-field length that is best for road crossing
and corrosion under insulation (CUI) Hocker Inc.
application. Please visit Booth 416 to see a Houston, Texas
demonstration of GWT in pipe and plate. For Both 909
more information, visit us at gwanalysis.com Hocker Inc. was founded in 1973 by Austin
or call us at (210) 842-7635.
Hellier Hocker. Hocker started his company with
Houston, Texas
the purpose of putting customer service
Booth 638
Gulmay Hellier is an industry leader in NDT training
first, and this standard continues after
Suwanee, Georgia 45 years in business. Hocker Inc. is a
and consulting services with over 30 years
Booth 637 manufacturer’s representative for the
of experience. Our staff of NDT
Gulmay provides high-voltage power following: Agfa, Dakota Ultrasonics, Echo
professionals stand ready to address your
supplies and X-ray generating systems to a Ultrasonics, Fujifilm, Gould-Bass Co., Labino
NDT needs with training centers located in
variety of industries including aerospace, AB, Proceq, Sonatest, TRI, and Warren
New London, Connecticut; Houston, Texas;
automotive, irradiation, security, and Associates, for the disciplines FPI, MPI, UT,
Anaheim, California; and Lima, Peru.
research. Our reputation for reliability and RT, HT, and VT. And we serve many
Hellier’s trainers and consultants each have
innovation is based on more than 35 years industries, including aerospace, petro-
over 15 years of experience in various
of experience delivering the widest range of chemical, testing labs, rotating equipment,
nondestructive fields with API, CWI, PCN,
standard products available to meet the drilling, tubing, and casing. Our factory-
CGSB, ASNT, and ACCP certifications. Our
needs of system integrators and trained service personnel are ready for your
staff of over 30 full-time and associate
manufacturers throughout the world. A installation on magnetic particle equipment
Level III instructors and consultants teach at
customer-focused design strategy further and automatic film processors, and when
all levels. Their advanced expertise can help
enables us to deliver cost-effective tailored the time comes, making the repairs. We
you solve virtually any inspection
solutions to diverse and demanding also provide service support on flaw
requirement like nowhere else in America.
customer applications. Engineering detectors, LED blacklights, and hardness
As a global provider of NDT and API
excellence, and world-class support. testing equipment, and we provide our
training, Hellier operates under three
customers with certification and calibration
brands: Hellier NDT, Codewest API, and
services on all the equipment we sell.
Worldspec. Our course types are designed
Hocker Inc. is ISO 9001-2008 registered,
to fit any schedule with online training with
and soon to be ISO 17025:2017; has an
in-class, online, and blended courses in
answering service for after-hour
Hamamatsu Corp. English or Spanish. Hellier facilities are
emergencies; and accepts MasterCard, Visa,
Bridgewater, New Jersey authorized exam centers for ASNT and
and American Express. Visit hockerinc.com
Booth 308 provide NAS courses; in addition, Hellier
or email hi.info@hockerinc.com.
Hamamatsu Corp. is the North American offers customized courses and NADCAP
subsidiary of Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. consulting/audit preparation, at your
location. To schedule your next class, visit
I&T Nardoni Institute SRL
(Japan), a leading manufacturer of devices Brescia, Italy
for the generation and measurement of our website hellierndt.com or call (888)
Booth 926
infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light, as 282-3887 for more information.
In 1988 in Brescia, Giuseppe Nardoni and
well as X-rays. These devices include his sons, Pietro and Diego, founded I&T
microfocus X-ray sources (MFX) and various Hi-Spec Systems Ltd. Nardoni Institute, one of the leading
X-ray detectors for nondestructive testing. Nantwich, Cheshire, United Kingdom
companies in advanced NDT. Its intangible
We offer sealed and open types of X-ray Booth 1033
value and asset is based on more than
sources in a range of tube voltages. Our Hi-Spec Systems is an innovative NDT
50 years of experience in NDT
MFX products provide sharp images even at technology company that specializes in the
examinations. In the ultrasonic area,
ASNT grants
1334non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
OCTOBER 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 1335
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
EXHIBITORS gallery
repositioned, to meet asset needs, and to
be used with any data collection system or
scenario, whether it be manual inspection,
hybrid, or autonomous remote integration.
ASNT grants
1338non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
Korean Society for Nondestructive UV lights (MB Hercules Ex), waterproof UV eddy current testing, magnetic testing, and
Testing lights (MB Series and GX Series), wireless penetrant testing. These courses are run
Gangnam gu, Seoul, South Korea UV meters (Apollo 1.0), and more. Labino from our training center located at the
Booth 208 products are sold in over 50 countries. In University Business Park in Houston, Texas;
The 20th World Conference on Non- the United States, Labino maintains eight at our offices in the United Kingdom; or at
Destructive Testing (20th WCNDT 2020) will distributors, four service centers for local on-site company locations. Our team also
be hosted by the Korean Society for support, and two calibration centers. Visit performs research and development and
Nondestructive Testing (KSNT) and held in our website at labino.com or email us at develops bespoke inspections, novel
Coex, Seoul, Korea, on 8–12 June 2020 labino@labino.com. inspection techniques, and hybrid solutions
under the auspices of the International to solve complex inspections on challenging
Committee for Non-Destructive Testing materials, joint geometries, and critical
(ICNDT). WCNDT 2020 will provide a material degradation. We also offer expert
dynamic technical program that will be witness services, independent technical
highly informative for every participant. The reports, and failure analysis services.
conference will provide a forum for the Please visit our website for more
interchange of knowledge and the information at lavender-ndt.com.
opportunity to integrate with professional Laser Technology Inc.
NDT colleagues from all around the world. Norristown, Pennsylvania Lickenbrock Technologies Inc.
The 20th WCNDT will turn out to be one of Booth 817 Saint Louis, Missouri
the most successful platforms for Laser Technology Inc. (LTI) is a premier Booth 409
networking and inspiring new technical manufacturer of digital shearography and Lickenbrock Technologies is a research and
ideas. Our host city, Seoul, is the capital of holography NDT systems and instruments. development company that develops
South Korea as well as the nation’s Since 1982, LTI has provided high-speed imaging and visualization software for NDT.
symbolic icon, offering an opportunity for laser-based NDT systems, services, and Areas of expertise include high-performance
visitors to experience a mixed atmosphere engineering to the aerospace, computing, computed tomography, and
of ancient Asian culture and world-class city transportation, and marine industries. Laser computed radiography. The company has
life. Colleagues in NDT technology will testing methods (LM) are highly effective for introduced Altux CR, a new software
warmly be welcomed to the WCNDT 2020 in composites, sandwich panels, composite designed for NDT, which processes and
Seoul, Korea, 8–12 June 2020. overwrapped pressure vessels, metal- analyzes computed radiography (CR)
bonded structures, rocket engines, and images. This new product is very effective
thermal protection systems. LTI also offers for CR plate grain pattern removal and CR
SPONSOR
LM training courses to SNT-TC-1A and frame averaging as well as automated basic
NAS-410 for Levels II and III. spatial resolution measurements including
intensity profiling and statistics. It further
provides improved contrast-to-noise,
computer-assisted reading of image quality
indicators, and higher contrast-to-noise for
Labino AB – PLATINUM SPONSOR 2T-hole visibility. Lickenbrock Technologies
Stockholm, Sweden has also released Altux CT, a new software
Booths 342, 717, and 939 designed to reconstruct computed
Labino AB is a global leader in high-quality tomography (CT) images. Altux CT
UV inspection lights and measurement Lavender International NDT USA LLC incorporates nonlinear operations and is
instruments. Labino has a wide portfolio Houston, Texas iterative, resulting in notable improvements
of UV lights tested to comply with ASTM Booth 832 in image quality. It is based on a proprietary
E-3022-15, Rolls-Royce RRES 90061, and Lavender International NDT is a leading algorithm called fast expectation
Airbus AITM6-1001. At our R&D facility in provider of NFT training, examinations, and maximization ordered subsets (FEMOS),
Stockholm, we process all market feedback Level 3 consultancy services to clients which was initially designed for NDT of
and thoroughly investigate the specific across the world. We are accredited by aerospace system parts. This software uses
needs of every user group and design major NDT organizations to provide training iterative image reconstruction to correct
unique products that address them. That and examination suitable for internationally beam hardening and remove scatter effects
is why browsing through our website recognized central and employer-based from CT images. There are other built-in
(labino.com) you will find products that are certification schemes. We run various functionalities as well. For more
original and cannot be found elsewhere. We Level 1, 2, and 3 courses on topics such as information, call (314) 376-5298, contact
are proud to be a source of inspiration for manual UT plate and pipe welds, time of sales@lickenbrock.com, or visit
the industry with our first-to-market flight diffraction, phased array, high- lickenbrock.com.
products. Enjoy using our explosion-proof temperature hydrogen attack inspection,
ASNT grants
1340non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants
1342non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
EXHIBITORS gallery
SPONSOR structure, determines crack nucleation and
propagation properties allowing inspectors
for the first time to immediately categorize
the severity of critical areas and detected
cracks during initial structure screening.
Matec Instrument Companies Inc. Met-L-Chek Co.– PLATINUM Prioritizing fatigue locations for further
Northborough, Massachusetts SPONSOR monitoring and retrofit decisions allows
Booth 313 Santa Monica, California engineers and asset managers/owners to
Matec Instrument Companies Inc. is an Booth 818 make more informed decisions based on
industry leader in providing superior Met-L-Chek Co. has been a pioneer in the real status of structures. For more
nondestructive ultrasonic testing penetrant inspection since 1952. That’s information, visit metal-fatigue-solutions.com.
solutions. Matec has been providing 66 years of quality, service, and expertise
ultrasonic C-scan systems to institutional providing our customers with maximum
and industrial users since 1968. Our value. Met-L-Chek manufactures a full line of
products include computer-controlled AMS-2644 QPL approved penetrants that
ultrasonic scanning gantries and meet or exceed aerospace and nuclear
immersion tanks; in-house designed specification requirements. Met-L-Chek is
instruments, including a full line of board- ISO-9001-15 certified. In addition, our popular
level ultrasonic pulser/receivers and Pen-Chek® testing program provides the
newer analog-to-digital boards designed laboratory analyses required by ASTM E-1417 MFE Enterprises/MFE Rentals
for high sampling rates at very high regardless of what brand of penetrants are Dripping Springs, Texas
repetition rates; and Windows-based involved. Met-L-Chek is also known for its Booth 338
control and data acquisition software for newsletter titled “The Penetrant Professor,”
conventional and phased array ultrasonic which is distributed via email to anyone who Mirion Technologies
applications. Matec provides a full range has an interest in penetrant testing, NDT Irvine, California
of in-house services, including affairs in general, news about specifications, Booth 404
mechanical, electrical, and electronic upcoming meetings of interest, and so on. Mirion Technologies Dosimetry Services offers
design; manufacturing, fabrication, and The subjects in this newsletter are largely personal radiation-detection dosimetry
installation; instrumentation; and software driven by the readers and frequently address reporting services for a wide range of
development. We provide installation, knotty situations that have been successfully industries, specializing in NDT. Our line of
start-up, and training, and a full range of dealt with by other inspectors. In addition to badge, ring, and eye dosimeters simplifies
customer support services to ensure QPL-approved penetrants, Met-L-Chek also radiation-monitoring management and
proper system alignment and calibration, supplies magnetic particles, UVA lights, administration, reduces costs, and provides
and to deliver optimum performance and aqueous alkaline cleaners, and other ancillary quick assurance of a safe workspace. Our new
value. This allows us to provide a materials used in NDT inspections. Met-L-Chek instadose+ dosimeter badge is revolutionizing
seamless, fully integrated solution, and a has a close working relationship with other the way a dosimeter captures, reads, and
single point of contact for our customers. quality-conscious suppliers such as CeeBee reports radiation exposure by offering high-
Matec’s strength lies in its capability to Aviation, Circle Systems Inc., and Labino AB. dose notification alerts, online badge
develop innovative solutions—both We invite you to contact us at (310) 450-1111 reassignments, and automatic and on-demand
modular and expandable in design—within or info@met-l-chek.com for your inspection dose reads that you can check at your location
project budgets. Our ability to respond to material needs. using your mobile device, computer, or an
difficult and unique testing requirements, onsite communication station. The best benefit
including advanced materials and complex of all…the instadose+ eliminates the need for
part geometries, provides today’s leading Metal Fatigue Solutions badge collecting, shipping, or distributing! The
institutions and industries the solutions Los Angeles, California instadose+ is OSHA 1910.1096 compliant,
they need to maintain product integrity Booth 1017 NV-LAB accredited, and for a limited time has
and quality assurance. Visit matec.com or Metal Fatigue Solutions (MFS) will be special ASNT Annual Conference attendee
call (508) 393-0155 for more information. exhibiting the newest platform to their pricing! For a reliable radiation-monitoring
fatigue crack monitoring system, the program that fits your needs, contact us at
QuikChek QC-1 fatigue crack microplasticity (800) 251-3331 or instadoseplus@mirion
Metal Analysis Group detector. The QuikChek instrument is a .com. For more information about instadose+,
Houston, Texas portable, handheld electrochemical fatigue including a downloadable data sheet, please
Booth 218 sensor (EFS) based system which, in just visit dosimetry.com/instadose+.
minutes, under the normal loading of a
ASNT grants
1344non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
liquids and white background lacquers. Elite successful management of NDT personnel
ultrasonic couplants are available ready to and activities. The membership is
use, in powder, for very high temperatures. composed of individuals from member
UV LED light lamps provide portable, fixed, companies involved in the use, practice,
customized solutions. For leak testing, we and promotion of NDT. For the most part,
offer gas-proof technical foam product, safe NDT Systems Inc. members are NDT professionals, managers,
and very sensitive for the detection of gas Huntington Beach, California and executives involved in furnishing or
leaks; and vacuum boxes (special boxes to Booth 743 using NDT services or products. There will
test parts that cannot be put under pressure). For more than 45 years, NDT Systems Inc. be information at the booth about
NDT Italiana’s products are sold in over has been a leader in designing, membership and our 2019 annual
100 countries. manufacturing, and selling high-quality, conference. The program for 2019 consists
advanced ultrasonic testing equipment to the of two NDT management sessions, a
NDT marketplace. These portable products regulatory session, and two technical
include ultrasonic bond testers, a variety of sessions. There will also be two
thickness gauges, and flaw detectors, as well management-training seminars on Tuesday
as a wide range of precision ultrasonic and Friday mornings. The annual conference
transducers and manual/automated and management training seminars will be
scanners. Based in Huntington Beach, held at the Golden Nugget in Las Vegas,
NDT Seals Inc. Nevada, on 12–14 February 2019.
Houston, Texas California, NDT Systems offers a wide
portfolio of products to support the Attendance is free for personnel from
Booth 829
inspection of almost all materials from NDTMA member companies. Go to
Welcome to NDT Seals’ hometown! We
metals, ceramics, and plastics to advanced ndtma.org for more information, or visit us
design, manufacture, and distribute the
composite materials commonly used in at Booth 918 at the ASNT Annual
patented NDT Inspection Plug and NDT
aerospace, oil and gas, power generation, Conference.
Inspection Point Labels used in the process
safety management and mechanical integrity and transportation. Our equipment offers
efforts underway in the process industries. high-quality and full functionality at a Newco Inc.
competitive price. Customized solutions Florence, South Carolina
We are an ASNT Corporate Partner and a big
including fully automated inspection Booth 756
supporter of the Greater Houston Section of
solutions and specialized transducers are Newco has been in the business of
ASNT, and our quality management system is
also available. Visit us at Booth 743. supplying NDT equipment, supplies,
ISO 9001:2015 certified. Please visit us at
calibration, repair, and custom system
ndtseals.com and at Booth 829.
design in all NDT disciplines since 1974. We
represent many manufacturers and can
NDT Solutions assist you in finding products or developing
New Richmond, Wisconsin
integrated custom designs for all your NDT
Booth 928
needs both domestically and globally. Our
NDT Solutions (ndts.com) is a leader in
service department is second to none and
transforming conventional NDT into a
is ISO 17025 accredited. We are proud to
digital reality. We are committed to improving
service a variety of fields such as
inspection processes and operational
automotive, manufacturing, oil and gas,
efficiencies while providing excellent customer
aerospace, airline, nuclear, utility, and
service. NDTS is an advanced NDT solutions
chemical industries, as well as the military
and services company. Our team is highly
and governmental sectors. Our
skilled and motivated to take on the most
knowledgeable staff and “customer first”
challenging opportunities. NDTS specializes in
attitude has made Newco a leader in NDT
the design and integration of testing solutions
customer service. Visit Booth 756 to find
that satisfy our customers’ inspection
out how we can partner with you to achieve
requirements. Our engineering team can
success!
design for simple conventional inspection
systems to complex robotic solutions. We offer NDTMA
a variety of NDT equipment, mobile automated Celebration, Florida Nikon Metrology Inc.
Booth 918 Brighton, Michigan
scanning systems, calibration service, supplies,
The NDTMA (Nondestructive Testing Booth 304
Level III consulting, subject matter experts,
Management Association) was formed over Nikon Metrology Inc. offers the most
“Lab in the Box” strategies, lab and field
50 years ago to provide a forum for the complete metrology product portfolio,
services, unique inspection systems, research
open exchange of managerial, technical, including 3D laser scanners, X-ray and
and development, and engineering support.
and regulatory information critical to the computed tomography inspection systems,
ASNT grants
1346non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
EXHIBITORS gallery
(Oceaneering International Asset Integrity, cont.)
partner, our unmatched experience and the United States and United Kingdom Pacific Imaging LLC
field-proven portfolio of technologies, bases offer the latest and most advanced Irvine, California
engineering services, and inspection technology to support the oil and gas, Booth 1028
management capabilities give us the defense, petrochemical, renewables, and Pacific Imaging is a highly experienced,
flexibility to adapt and evolve—regardless of nuclear industries. Oceanscan’s global innovative, and global provider of digital
industry conditions. From material selection presence is influential in the rental and X-ray imaging products for NDT and security
to decommissioning, we provide sales arenas diverse in NDT, offshore imaging, inspection, and evaluation. The
comprehensive, risk-based solutions that survey, and marine construction with the company HQ is located in Irvine, California,
enable better decision making, focused latest advanced technologies to satisfy about 35 miles from Los Angeles International
spending, and increased safety. Our global client requirements. Oceanscan’s Airport. At the 2017 ASNT Annual Conference
reach, including technicians and field- philosophy is commitment to meeting in Nashville, Tennessee, we launched our
proven solutions, meets your requirements contractual requirements in a timely, patented drone-based X-ray solution for
for NDT. By working together, we will safely disciplined, and cost-effective manner with powerline inspection. It’s currently being used
and reliably reshape the future of asset products/services that meet the customer’s by state transmission corporations across
integrity. We offer specialist solutions for expectations. We aim, throughout all United States. This year, we are excited to
specialized concerns. We aim to address activities, to achieve the highest level of showcase turnkey solutions for oil and gas,
common and emerging integrity concerns customer satisfaction. Oceanscan concrete, and aerospace inspection. Please
such as corrosion under insulation, companies are backed by a worldwide visit us at Booth 1028 to see demo images
nonintrusive inspection, corrosion scabs, network of partnering companies employing acquired by our systems installed in the United
corrosion under pipe supports, continuous qualified and factory-trained staff. States, China, and India. We are a one-stop
monitoring of assets, and remote condition shop for X-ray based NDT products. All Pacific’s
monitoring. From inspecting standard SPONSOR hardware detectors are fully integrated with our
equipment to complex geometries, we software and connect with a single click. Our
provide you with the solutions required to projects feature mobile X-ray digital DR
gather data needed to make informed systems, high-resolution CR systems, factory
decisions. Experience a new-generation production system integration, industrial image
system for in-service corrosion monitoring processing, very large image set viewing,
without the major investment in Olympus America Inc. – SILVER electronic component counting, automatic
infrastructure and hardware. Built on the SPONSOR defect recognition (ADR), DICONDE, and cloud
industry-leading Ionix’s high-temperature Waltham, Massachusetts image archive, among others. Our other
HotSense™ platform and wirelessly Booth 503 services cover full-cycle product development,
connected by Inductosense’s batteryless Olympus provides an industry-leading including software integration and
WAND technology, the TRND system can be portfolio of innovative test, measurement, development, system engineering, regulatory
retrospectively installed and implemented and imaging instruments. Leading-edge clearance and registration, application training,
within the harshest of environments. Within testing technologies include remote visual and technical support, as well as custom
minutes of installation, quantitative wall inspection, microscopy, ultrasound, phased algorithm design and implementation for
thickness data can be acquired, remotely array, eddy current, eddy current array, special-purpose applications. Our key clients
analyzed, and reported through the cloud- X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction are located in the United States, China, India,
based data management system. (XRD), and optical metrology. Our products Brazil, Israel, Switzerland, Philippines, Vietnam,
include ultrasonic flaw detectors and and Hong Kong, to name a few. Innovation,
thickness gauges, video borescopes, customization, and customer service are the
borescopes, microscopes, XRF and XRD key core values that Pacific Imaging offers. We
analyzers, in-line and advanced NDT welcome all inquiries. Please contact us at
systems, and a large selection of industrial sales@pacific-imaging-llc.com.
scanners, probes, software programs, and
Oceanscan USA instrument accessories. Olympus
Pan American Industries Inc.
Stafford, Texas instruments are used in industrial and
Porter, Texas
Booth 316 research applications ranging from
Booth 443
Oceanscan Inc. is located in Stafford, just aerospace, power generation,
Pan American offers new equipment sales
minutes southwest of Houston, Texas, and petrochemical, manufacturing, and
for IrisXR electronics and hardware. Rental
supports the Gulf Coast Region with the automotive to consumer products. Olympus
systems and probes/hardware are also
rental of NDT equipment and consumables. instruments contribute to the quality of
available. Pan American also provides IRIS
Oceanscan Ltd. UK is a renowned leader products and add to the safety of
inspection services. For large-diameter
across Europe, the Middle East, and infrastructure and facilities.
pipes and long run inspections using
Southeast Asia, providing quality
extended range tools and pigs, Pan
equipment and services since 1989. Both
American supplies both equipment and
ASNT grants
1348non-exclusive,
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V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
operating technicians. Currently, real-time field experience with industrial X-ray part. If we don’t already have a probe that
inspections for up to 30.48 cm (12 in.) imaging, microfocus equipment, penetrant, works, we can design and manufacture
diameter and 609.6 m (2000 ft.) in length and magnetic particle equipment. custom probes for your unique design.
and IRISPig inspections up to 111.76 cm We can also develop custom software for
(44 in.) in diameter and 4.83 km (3 mi) in your application using tools already
length are available. available on the market. Our advanced
training is unmatched for all phased array,
Peak NDT ultrasonics, physics, and probe technology.
Derby, United Kingdom For more information go to thephasedarray
Booth 547 PH Tool Reference Standards company.com or send an email to
Peak NDT is a world-leading designer and Pipersville, Pennsylvania info@thephasedarraycompany.com.
manufacturer of high-performance conventional Booth 202
and phased array ultrasonic instrumentation PH Tool manufactures reference and
used in advanced engineering sectors. For over calibration standards and test blocks for the
35 years, our MicroPulse technology has been NDT industry and is a recognized leader in
used at the forefront of NDT ultrasonic electrical discharge machined notch and
technique development from high-performance flat-bottomed hole standards for use in
multichannel conventional technology, to both phased array and conventional Phoenix Inspection Systems Ltd.
phased array and now full matrix capture (FMC). ultrasonic testing (UT), electromagnetic Warrington, United Kingdom
Peak NDT’s conventional channel systems are testing, magnetic particle testing, liquid Booth 840
available from 2 to 64 channel variants, and our penetrant testing, and radiographic testing. Phoenix Inspection Systems Ltd. designs
phased array systems vary from 16/16 +16TX All standards are National Institute of and manufactures NDT scanners and
to 128/128 +128Tx as standard units and are Standards and Technology traceable and transducers covering the full range of
scalable up to 512/512 + 512Tx by utilizing MP can be made from customer or PH Tool– ultrasonic NDT techniques. Specialists in
Link. All our phased array channels may be supplied materials. In addition to the custom and application-specific solutions,
used for beam forming, and any combination of longstanding products and services offered, Phoenix also designs and develops fully
channels may be used in Tx and Rx. the company has perfected the surface and customized solutions for the most
Additionally, in FMC operation, all the subsurface discontinuity implantation challenging NDT inspections. Visit us at
programmed receive channels are received process for performance demonstration Booth 840 for the launch of our new
simultaneously without the requirement to qualification and personnel qualification Flexible Track Scanner and live
multiplex. Gigabit Ethernet is standard across test blocks for use with phased array UT demonstrations of Swift, a lightweight
our phased array products, allowing for and time of flight diffraction. Trust the magnetic wheeled scanner for controlled
continuous fast data rates of up to 120 MB/s experts with your standards. Contact us at and accurate TOFD inspection of 7.62 cm
from each instrument. Peak NDT’s long-standing sales@phtool.com or call today at (267) (3 in.) pipes up to flat; and MagMan, a
fully open and transparent data format provides 203-1600. versatile magnetic wheeled scanner
you the freedom to develop your own fully capable of holding up to 12 probes for
customizable software platform easily circumferential and longitudinal pipe weld
utilizing standard TCIP type Ethernet sockets, inspections. Phoenix solutions are used by
making integration into bespoke systems some of the world’s leading companies to
simple, negating the need for clumsy or ensure safety standards and improve
complicated APIs or SDKs getting in the way. quality and efficiency. To find out more join
Software platforms such as UTEX Scientifics
The Phased Array Co. us at Booth 840, visit phoenixisl.com, or
West Chester, Ohio email sales@phoenixisl.com for more
Inspectionware and TWI’s Crystal FMC
Booth 614 information.
software are available for operation with
The Phased Array Company (TPAC) serves
the MicroPulse instruments, providing off-
the NDT industry with all things related to
the-shelf flexible solutions. Visit Booth 547
phased array ultrasound. We solve your
to see the new MicroPulse LTPA and the
most challenging phased array needs by
MicroPulse LT, or visit peakndt.com.
offering a wide variety of services to help
you create custom ultrasound solutions.
Peltec Services Inc. Save time and mitigate risks by discovering
Darlington, South Carolina
the best method and equipment for your
Booth 428
specific testing needs by using our years of
Peltec Services is complemented by a fully
experience and research. With our extensive
degreed, highly motivated team that has
probe library, we can help you decide on
more than 60 years of combined worldwide
the best testing method for a particular
ASNT grants
1350non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
EXHIBITORS gallery
(Premium Inspection & Testing, cont.)
you wherever you are, whenever you need 100 years in organizational experience, we We also provide two special sections—Vision
us. Contact us at (281) 310-5415 or distinguish ourselves as leading experts in & Sensors and NDT—which offer practical how-
info@pitinc.com. radiation source encapsulation, sealed to editorial.
source distribution, and turnkey services.
Proceq Our global network of export specialists and R-CON NDT Inc.
Aliquippa, Pennsylvania brokers gives customers the expertise they Menomonie, Wisconsin
Booth 1013 need when trying to solve challenging Booth 309
Proceq is a manufacturer of high-quality logistics issues. A comprehensive quality R-CON NDT is a stocking distributor of NDT
portable testing solutions for many different control process guarantees our industrial supplies with over 20 years of experience.
industries. Proceq’s ground penetrating radar sources meet or exceed all industry Our professional sales team is composed of
(GPR) instrument, Proceq GPR Live, launched standards, including US Nuclear Regulatory experienced NDT specialists possessing the
earlier this year. Proceq GPR Live uses a Commission regulations. We provide knowledge and commitment to solve our
patented stepped frequency continuous wave radiation sources used in a wide variety of customers’ most challenging NDT applications.
technique to provide the best possible detection testing and measurement applications, R-CON NDT specializes in advanced ultrasonic,
of objects in concrete, no matter the depth. The specializing in NDT, but also including X-ray conventional X-ray equipment, film and
full-featured Pundit ultrasonic concrete tester fluorescence; neutron activation analysis; processing chemistry, digital X-ray imaging
compliments the GPR method by providing a thickness, level, mass, and flow gauging; technologies, computed tomography, eddy
live phased array B-scan image on concrete oil well logging; reactor startup; and current, magnetic particle equipment and
elements over 0.9 m (3 ft) thick with a pulse security imaging and inspection. We also materials, and liquid penetrant systems and
echo test. Our ultrasonic instrument, the Proceq offer a comprehensive range of NDT materials. Our knowledgeable and
Flaw Detector 100, offers advanced conventional equipment and accessories, including conscientious team will ensure your equipment
ultrasonic performance and can be upgraded at Sentinel gamma radiography projectors, and supplies arrive when you need them.
any time to phased array and time of flight X-ray equipment, and Sentinel digital R-CON NDT represents only world-class
diffraction. Proceq has launched the world’s first radiography systems. In addition to that, manufacturers of NDT equipment and supplies
Internet of Things (IoT) hardness tester, the QSA offers a wide variety of safety and can provide solutions throughout the
Equotip Live. Our Equotip family of portable equipment, training courses, and services. United States. Other services we provide are
hardness testers offers unmatched features, equipment calibration and repair as well as
accuracy, and reliability across three testing Quality Equipment Distributors Inc. NDT consulting and training. Our corporate
techniques: ultrasonic contact impedance (UCI), Houston, Texas; Buffalo, New York office is located in Menomonie, Wisconsin, with
leeb (rebound), and portable rockwell. The Booth 923 satellite locations in Indianapolis, Kansas City,
company’s strong research and development Quality Equipment Distributors Inc. (QED) is and Pittsburgh.
team at its headquarters in Switzerland an ISO 9001:2015 certified company with a
continues to create Swiss-manufactured philosophy based on integrity, honesty, and
products that feature the latest technology and customer satisfaction. Here at QED we
set industry standards. With subsidiaries in specialize in the sale and service of a wide
North and South America, United Kingdom, variety of NDT equipment and supplies.
Russia, the Middle East, China, and Singapore, Stop by Booth 923 to see what we have to
the company provides its international offer, meet our sales team, and enter to win REL Inc.
customers with excellent local support. Please a great prize. “For all your NDT equipment, Calumet, Michigan
stop by our booth or visit us online at supplies, and service—think Quality.” Booth 549
proceq.com to learn more about how Proceq REL Inc. is a world-class manufacturer of
products can meet your testing needs. Quality Magazine intelligent fluorescent penetrant inspection
Deerfield, Illinois (iFPI) testing equipment, cleaning systems,
SPONSOR Booth 1020 and LED UV-A lamps. REL provides engineered
Quality serves the quality assurance and turnkey solutions for nondestructive inspection
process improvement needs of more than professionals in oil and gas, aerospace,
50 000 manufacturing professionals. We defense, medical, and automotive industries.
report on the use of sound metrology REL incorporates safety, preventive
methods, statistical analysis, and process maintenance, and reliability considerations in
QSA Global Inc. – SILVER SPONSOR all products. REL designs all products and
improvement techniques to significantly
Baton Rouge, Louisiana
improve quality on the shop floor and in equipment to withstand the wettest, dirtiest,
Booth 603
manufacturing planning. Editorial coverage and toughest environments on planet Earth
QSA Global Inc. specializes in supplying
focuses on the practical application of and and, if necessary, in outer space! Visit us in
high-quality, high-performance radiation
latest advancements in metrology methods Booth 549 to see the latest in iFPI and
sources used in NDT devices, oil well
and wquipment, software and analytical tools, LED UV-A lighting solutions.
logging, and industrial processes. With over
and quality management and standards.
ASNT grants
1354non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
generate incident reconstruction for analysis into R&D, and special system design, we react governing agencies worldwide: the US
and easily set the vibrating and audio alerts to very quickly to customer needs and provide government, the American Society of
your desired levels. Stop by and see our the solutions you require with unique Mechanical Engineers, ASTM International,
new instruments: the Ranger, the Range features. We have the most innovative LED- AMS-2644, and prime aerospace and
EXP, the Monitor 200, the Area Monitor, and based UV lamps in the NDT industry. In military contractors and original equipment
Monitor1000 EC. NIST calibrations are Houston we will be demonstrating our manufacturers. Dubl-Chek fluorescent
available on all of our survey meters. standard magnetic particle bench and our penetrants are used widely in aerospace,
full line of inspection lamps, including the while Dubl-Chek visible penetrants are used
Sensor Networks new intrinsically safe designed ST-30 throughout the welding and nuclear power
Boalsburg, Pennsylvania certified explosion-proof lamp and our industries. Sherwin, an independent
Booth 912 newest lamp, the Phoenix Supreme, which penetrant manufacturer, is committed to
Sensor Networks Inc. (SNI) specializes in includes our proprietary automatic defect providing its customers with the best
inspection, testing, and asset-integrity measurement tool to provide highly quality products at very competitive prices.
solutions utilizing ultrasonic testing (UT), accurate measurements of crack size (which Our products are manufactured and
remote visual testing (RVI), and Internet of can be used for Tam panel qualifications) available around the world. Approved by all
Things (IoT) technologies for corrosion/ and the ability to add an endoscope for UV major defense and aerospace contractors,
erosion monitoring. We will be displaying inspection in hard-to-access internal areas we have a complete line of penetrants and
and demonstrating our new microPIMS® of parts under inspection. In addition to our magnetic particle products: fluorescent and
installed UT sensor platform, our standard LED lighting we also offer custom-designed visible penetrants, emulsifiers, developers,
and customized conventional and phased- systems and a feature-packed line of cleaners, solvent removers, penetrant test
array transducer capabilities, and our standard magnetic particle and fluorescent pieces, ultraviolet lamps, accessories, and
unique RVI PTZx and loose-parts retrieval penetrant systems, part-cleaning systems fluorescent and colored particles.
tooling including JAWS 2.0. SNI will launch (pre and post inspection), effluent
several new products at this event. management systems, and accessories for SignalNDT
your inspection department. Our US-based Goleta, California
SG NDT Inc. sales, support, and service professionals Booth 949
Levis, Quebec, Canada will be on hand to be sure all your SignalNDT is a division of iCRco Inc., an OEM
Booth 848 questions are answered. We are seeking manufacturer of imaging components, and a
SG NDT Inc. was incorporated in March 2012. professional representatives in the global leader in digital imaging systems
SG NDT specializes in the development of Americas as we continue to expand our designed for NDT, X-ray inspection, baggage
eddy current equipment and custom probes. local approach to new markets. For screening, and thickness gauging. Launched
We primarily serve the energy and defense additional information or to view our in 2016, SignalNDT is a focused engineering
industries, providing standard products and product range, visit crackcheck.com. group with an accomplished history of
custom systems for a wide variety of delivering precision X-ray imaging products
applications. SG NDT’s innovative solutions Shenzhen Coantec Automation since 1990. SignalNDT core competencies are
have been used in a variety of applications Technology Co. Ltd. in the specialized development and
such as steam generator inspections and Shenzhen, China manufacturing of imaging systems and
standard tube inspections. The technical staff Booth 327 software. SignalNDT guarantees quality
at SG NDT pioneered the development of Shenzhen Coantec Automation Technology throughout the life cycle of our products with
digital eddy current equipment and inspection Co. Ltd., founded in 2012, is a high-tech a dedicated US-based and international
systems for the worldwide NDT market for over enterprise specialized in R&D, production, service center (in The Netherlands) to provide
30 years. Their first single-channel digital eddy and sales of industrial and police 24/7 service and support. SignalNDT
current equipment was designed in 1983. videoscopes. We have our own brand of designs, develops, and manufactures
videoscope, COANTEC. everything in its factory in California.
SignalNDT is proud to be a leader in the
radiography space and for continuously
setting the benchmark of excellence in NDT
and security X-ray imaging applications.
ASNT grants
1356non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
ASNT grants non-exclusive, non-transferable license of this material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
EXHIBITORS gallery
magnetostrictive sensor guided wave laboratory applications. As a global supplier
technology for a number of applications with strategically located design and
including inspecting and monitoring piping manufacturing facilities in North America,
with temperatures up to 500 °C; automated Europe, and Asia, Spellman is committed to
omnidirectional scanning of tank walls and providing best-in-class support to original
Source Production & Equipment Co. tank bottoms; and guided wave testing of equipment manufacturer (OEM) customers
Inc. buried anchor rods, steel ropes, heat and end users throughout the world.
St. Rose, Louisiana exchanger tubes, and aircraft structures. Spellman provides a broad range of products
Booth 653 SwRI also has developed remote field eddy for inspection applications including food
Industry experts since 1974, Source current technology for nonpiggable small- inspection, thickness gauging, liquid level
Production & Equipment Company (SPEC) diameter pipes. In addition, the SwRI- measurement, NDT, and circuit board and
is a leading manufacturer of industrial developed multichannel Enhanced Data microelectronics inspection. We offer modular
radiography equipment and gamma source Acquisition System® can be used for and standalone X-ray solutions for OEMs,
provider. Located in St. Rose, Louisiana, we numerous specialized ultrasonic inspection system integrators, and end users. From
proudly serve customers in the NDT, technologies. single-output high-voltage modules to
construction, industrial process, and medical integrated X-ray generators to monoblock
industries worldwide. SPEC supplies the X-ray sources to our portable Lorad SPX brand
world with quality industrial radiography X-ray imaging systems, we can provide a
products and radionuclide sources. Satisfying product for just about any configuration
stringent industry standards, SPEC’s required. Where a standard product may not
ISO-certified Total Quality Management (TQM) be a perfect fit, Spellman can provide
program adheres to ISO 9001:2008 and Spectronics Corp. customized solutions for our OEM partners.
13485:2013 procedures. Our TQM program Westbury, New York Additional information on Spellman and its
provides quality throughout the Booth 403 wide range of high-voltage and X-ray products
manufacturing process and ensures the end Spectroline® is the global leader in UVA is available at spellmanhv.com.
product meets our customers’ expectations. lights and accessories used in fluorescent
Safety is SPEC’s top priority. We strive to offer surface inspection for NDT. We stay one Talcyon Pte. Ltd.
the safest industrial radiography products on step ahead of industry trends and Singapore, Singapore
the market. Designed with the radiographer technological innovation to ensure you get Booth 349
in mind, our team of engineers research the most rugged, compliant lamps available Talcyon’s noninvasive solution for inner-
and develop products using advanced today, no matter the NDT application. We do diameter inspection of tubes up to
industry knowledge and user feedback. In in-house quality checks on all of our 10.16 cm (4 in.) enables ultrafast accurate
turn, this provides the end user with products and stand behind everything we inspection of boilers, fin fans, and other
products that are safe and reliable. manufacture, making us a trusted name in heat exchangers regardless of tube shape
Innovation coupled with advanced industry NDT. Our inspection lamps and radiometers or material.
knowledge allows SPEC to be a complete come with industry standard certificates, so
resource to its customers. SPEC’s onsite end users know that their Spectroline TEAM Industrial Services
manufacturing facility can provide products meet the latest requirements and Alvin, Texas
customized production services to meet standards. These standards include ISO Booth 334
your project needs. As an industry leader, 3059, ASTM 3022-15, and RRES 90061. TEAM Industrial Services is a worldwide leader
SPEC is proud to share knowledge by in minimizing equipment and asset downtime
offering diverse training courses that satisfy and providing online maintenance, inspection,
various industrial needs. and repair. We provide critical services to our
customers that enable them to maintain and
operate their facilities and equipment in a
safe and productive manner. Our more than
4000 trained, certified technicians are
Spellman High Voltage Electronics
available worldwide 24 hours a day, seven
Corp.
days a week, and 365 days a year to reduce
Southwest Research Institute Hauppauge, New York
costly downtime and maximize uptime. From
San Antonio, Texas Booth 809
single-part repair to turnarounds and
Booth 932 Spellman High Voltage Electronics is the
shutdowns—planned or unplanned—TEAM
Southwest Research Institute® (SwRI) is an world’s leading provider of high-
has the training, experience, technology, and
independent, nonprofit, applied research performance, high-voltage power converters
know-how to deliver high-quality
and development organization based in and X-ray sources for medical, industrial,
maintenance, inspection, and testing services
San Antonio, Texas. SwRI has developed semiconductor, security, analytical, and
anytime, anywhere.
ASNT grants
1358non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
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SPONSOR representatives and customer care staff are
veteran NDT professionals who help companies
solve tough inspection problems. They are
Technology Design Ltd. backed by a logistics team that is focused on
Winsford, United Kingdom timely and accurate order fulfillment. We
Booth 741 deal in an ever-changing marketplace,
Technology Design (TD) is a leader in the Teledyne ICM – BRONZE SPONSOR where new products are constantly being
manufacture and supply of advanced Andrimont, Belgium developed for the NDT industry. In an effort
industrial ultrasonic systems. We offer a Booth 633 to provide our customers with the latest
range of portable products that offer best- Our mission at Teledyne ICM is to facilitate developments, we continually monitor and
in-class time of flight diffraction (ToFD) and professionals’ lives by providing innovative, evaluate a wide range of NDT-related
phased array inspection capability. The user-friendly, and safe X-ray solutions, while products offered by numerous manufacturers.
next-generation Focus-Scan RX is a portable accompanying them throughout the use of Our expertise in NDT contributes to our
phased array and ToFD system, designed to our products. For more than 20 years, customers’ success. At TED, success means
empower the operator in the field, with Teledyne ICM has been an active company helping our customers meet or exceed their
configurations up to 64:128PR. The worldwide specializing in developing and business objectives. To accomplish this goal, we
operator can deploy multiple techniques manufacturing portable X-ray generators and provide extensive inventories in seven stocking
such as an eight independent channel ToFD detectors for NDT. Today, our X-ray solutions, locations for fast delivery, competitive prices,
setup as well as 2D matrix and linear CPSERIES, SITEX and GO-SCAN, have and a commitment to 100% customer
probes simultaneously. It has one of the permitted safe, accurate, and easy testing for satisfaction. Coast to coast, TED is one
highest voltage outputs on the market and countless inspections around the globe. complete source for all your NDT needs.
has an integrated motor control driver unit Regardless of your application and budget,
on board. TD’s other dual technique product you can rest assured that we will find the right
is the HandyScan RX 32:64PR with onboard X-ray product to fit your needs. From pipeline
data analysis and reporting tools. Both inspections to shipbuilding projects, to
instruments operate from the same military applications, to aerospace
operational software. In addition to our innovations…Teledyne ICM will always provide Testex Inc.
multipurpose portable products, we also the lightest and most robust portable X-Ray Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
offer a wide range of integrated custom solutions out there. Since making your life Booth 232
solutions used for those applications where the easiest possible is our top priority, we TesTex will be displaying a breakthrough for
a portable system would be impractical, make a point in developing inspection inspecting piping corrosion under insulation
such as underwater inspections using solutions that exceed your expectations in (CUI). The new technology—the off surface
remotely operated vehicles. TD also design, power, and accuracy. As we want to electromagnetic technique, designed to
provides scanners, probes, and accessories make sure that our products can be serviced detect CUI and welds—will be the highlight
at competitive prices. Whether the need is anywhere in record time, we are constantly at the ASNT Annual Conference. TesTex is a
in aerospace, manufacturing, mining, oil growing our after-sales service network. Now world leader in electromagnetic NDT. We
and gas, power generation, or transport, we with 10 officially licensed after-sales service continually define the state-of-the-art for
have a solution for your advanced centers scattered around the world, including testing of ferrous and nonferrous materials
ultrasonic needs. Come and spend some two locations in the United States, you can be and structures through applied research
time with us at Booth 741 to gather a better sure to always receive a five-star service… and development, using techniques that
understanding of our ToFD and phased wherever you are. include low-frequency electromagnetic,
array solutions. Please visit us at remote field electromagnetic, eddy current,
technologydesign.com or contact us at and balanced field electromagnetic
tdsales@technologydesign.com. techniques; ultrasonics; internal rotating
inspection systems (IRIS); and the mag-
wave electromagnetic technique. Using the
latest in digital electronic technologies, we
Test Equipment Distributors LLC design, build, and sell NDT systems and
Troy, Michigan provide NDT inspection services and program
Booth 429 management. With offices across the globe,
Test Equipment Distributors LLC (TED) has TesTex has the global reach to serve you
been in the business of supplying NDT quickly and efficiently. To learn more about
equipment and supplies for over 45 years. TesTex and our unique capabilities, please call
TED has served the equipment and supply (412) 798-8990 or visit our website at
needs of NDT professionals in diverse testex-ndt.com.
industries throughout the world. Our sales
ASNT grants
1360non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
monitoring, and advancing inspection solve unique tasks that our customers UniWest
technology through innovation. For more require from us. One of the latest Pasco, Washington
information please contact Lance Wiebeck developments that we should particularly Booth 711
(lwiebeck@turner-industries.com) or Sean mention is the wireless mobile time of flight UniWest is a leader in eddy current and
Stanford (sstanford@turner-industries.com). diffraction system for testing welded joints, ultrasonic testing applications, engineering,
Please visit us at turner-industries.com or the “TOFD Man,” and the latest version of and product development. Our customers’
stop by our booth. the ETS2-77, an eddy current single-rail problems—and our ability to solve them—
flaw detector. OKOndt Group has been an are what set us apart from our competition.
ULSO Tech Co. Ltd. active member of ASNT, ICNDT, and EFNDT UniWest provides critical solutions and
Xing Tai He Bei, China for many years. The Group holds annual products for complex inspection problems.
Booth 448 conferences on NDT for the CIS and Baltic Our team of engineers listens and learns
Hebei Aosuo Electronic Technology Co. Ltd. region and traditionally participates in all about the challenges you face, then
(ULSO) is a high-tech enterprise specializing relevant exhibitions and conferences on NDT. researches, tests, and determines the right
in the research, development, design, solution for your specific inspection
manufacture, and sale of ultrasonic demands. We work with you to implement
transducers (probes). The company is these solutions with the right product in
headquartered in Xingtai District, Hebei place so you can move forward quickly and
Province, and is located in the Beijing- confidently. We provide reliable, robust NDT
Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. In the instruments and systems for manufacturers,
Bohai Bay Economic Zone, Shanghai has a research and development laboratories,
research and development center: Aosheng Ultran Group and for use in the field. We serve diverse
(Shanghai) Electronic Technology Co. Ltd. State College, Pennsylvania industries that include power generation,
Booth 752 aerospace, automotive, primary metals,
The Ultran Group, Inc. (Ultran) is a world- heavy manufacturing, and other markets.
leading supplier of ultrasonic transducers
and systems for NDT applications.
Recognized as the inventor of modern
noncontact and air-coupled ultrasound,
Ultracon-Service LLC Ultran provides noncontact transducers
Kiev, Ukraine from 30 kHz to 5 MHz and contact and
Booth 643 immersion transducers from 30 kHz to
Ultracon-Service LLC is a manufacturer of 10 MHz. Ultran’s U710x ultrasonic analysis USA Borescopes
NDT equipment with more than 25 years of system is a turnkey inspection solution Clarksville, Tennessee
production experience. Together with the optimized for noncontact analysis from Booth 813
industrial company PRP LLC, Scientific & 30 kHz to 6.25 MHz in through- USA Borescopes is a global supplier of
Research Institute for NDT (UkrNINK), transmission, pitch-catch, and pulse-echo world-class remote visual inspection
Personnel Training Academy, and Personnel modes. Designed for online or benchtop equipment. We offer a wide selection of
Certification Body and Service Center, it is a uses, Ultran’s U710x offers faster, quieter borescopes and videoscope systems that
part of the OKOndt Group, which represents scanning capability and high throughput are designed for today’s quality and
portable devices and automated systems with single and multichannel scanning. inspection professionals. Our borescopes
for NDT of its own design and manufacture In recent years, Ultran has deployed its are perfect for your quality inspections,
in the US market. Our equipment has been multichannel noncontact ultrasound locating foreign object debris and
successfully used for many years in the systems and transducers for large-scale inspecting turbine blades, welds, and other
railway, aviation, metallurgical, machine- production quality control, including space hard-to-see places. All of our portable
building, pipe-rolling, oil and gas, and and aircraft, piece-part ceramics and videoscopes come standard with color
electric power industry in more than composites, and in-line inspection of screens, image capture, and video
40 countries, not least thanks to our carbon fiber prepreg. Please visit recording capabilities. We offer micro
international partners. We manufacture ultrangroup.com for further information or fiberscopes systems as small as 0.37 mm
equipment for carrying out ultrasonic, eddy contact us at info@ultrangroup.com. for those delicate inspections. In addition,
current, electromagnetic-acoustic, and we can perform borescope repairs on any
magnetic particle methods of NDT as well make or model borescope with free repair
as related equipment (probes and estimates. All work is guaranteed to meet
calibration blocks). In addition to the OEM standards.
standard types of equipment, we often
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and a smart control and data processing VisiConsult X-Ray Systems & China to provide a true global level of
software, VEO Pro. VEO Pro enables Solutions GmbH service. We apply our radioscopic digital
capturing with a single click and provides Stockelsdorf, Germany imaging expertise to government agencies
one-touch filters for image enhancement Booth 833 and NDT markets throughout the world. VJT
alongside features that are tailored to the VisiConsult is a family-owned company develops and manufactures a complete line
requirements of the various markets such located in Northern Germany and a leading of automated, manual, and turnkey X-ray
as the Boeing standard for aerospace, specialist for customized X-ray inspection inspection systems. Primary market sectors
making sure the work process is precise systems. VisiConsult Americas has been include: automotive, aerospace, electronics,
and effective. VEO Pro allows expanding the located in Atlanta since 2016 and is remediation, nuclear, oil and gas, and pipe
workstation by remote operation from equipped with a demo and application and weld applications. VJT X-ray inspection
almost any smartphone or tablet, at a system at Georgia Tech. Our main focus is systems are used for radioscopic inspection
distance of up to 50 m from the main digital radiography cabinets, computed of products and assemblies to detect
workstation. Contact us to explore more of tomography, automated defect recognition, defects or foreign matter, reducing cost and
Vidisco’s solutions at ndt@vidisco.com or and system upgrades (retrofits). The goal of time while increasing quality and safety. VJT
vidisco.com. the company is to solve our customers’ delivers a competitive advantage over other
inspection problems with tailored, companies through our network of global
customized solutions. More than 25 years offices. In the 21st century, VJT continues to
of expertise in digital X-ray technology and nurture emerging technologies and provide
image enhancement for a broad variety of innovative solutions for global customers.
industries, combined with experienced Visit vjt.com or call (631) 589-8800 for
engineers, results in solutions that more information.
constantly set new industry standards. With
Virtual Media Integration
over 80 employees globally and service
Pensacola, Florida
staff in the United States, we are ready to
Booth 235
serve our customers in all industries.
Virtual Media Integration (VMI) is one of the
Discover the invisible!
largest suppliers of computerized
radiography (CR) equipment for NDT in
North America. Currently VMI supports both viZaar Industrial Imaging Volume Graphics Inc.
the military as well as the commercial Gibsonia, Pennsylvania Charlotte, North Carolina
sectors of business with over 20 years of Booth 435 Booth 536
experience in the NDT market. VMI is the viZaar Industrial Imaging provides the Volume Graphics enables companies to
number one supplier for CR for the US Navy ultimate in German engineering for remote make better products. How? By developing
worldwide. VMI is a premier manufacturer visual inspection applications. Since 1996 leading software for the analysis and
and integrator of CR systems, digital viZaar has delivered unique and genuinely visualization of industrial 3D computed
radiography (DR) systems, and film digitizer innovative products and inspection tomography (CT) data, which allows our
systems, all running off VMI’s proprietary solutions to industry. Our products include customers to find out as much about their
Starrview software platform, which has the VUCAM® XO video borescope, products as possible—and nondestructively
been developed and produced by VMI VUMAN® videoprobe system, specialized at that. Industrial CT provides the basis for
specifically to meet the challenging needs mini heat exchanger/steam generator this, as CT scans reveal every aspect of a
of the NDT field. VMI’s team of experienced inspection cameras, tank and vessel component. Leading industrial companies
technicians and radiographers allows us to cameras, and 360° autofocus dual sensor around the world use VGSTUDIO MAX to
provide the highest level of support to our pipe inspection cameras. easily and comprehensively check their
customers in markets including oil and gas, products in research, production, and
nuclear, military, aerospace, automotive, VJ Technologies Inc. quality assurance. With the Volume
casting, manufacturing, and more. We can Bohemia, New York Graphics product family, comprising
fill any DR application with the proper Booth 1003 VGSTUDIO MAX, VGSTUDIO, VGMETROLOGY,
solution and support any customer so that VJ Technologies engineers, designs, and VGinLINE, and myVGL, all kinds of analyses
they can meet the highest standards of manufactures world-class imaging software and visualizations can be carried out
digital imaging. and hardware products, solutions, and directly on CT data. It is not necessary to
services for industry, academy, and convert the voxel data into other formats.
government. Founded in 1987, VJT is a The ability to display and analyze both
leading global provider of X-ray inspection voxel and polygon data in a single
solutions with locations in the United application is what makes Volume Graphics
States, United Kingdom, France, India, and software so special. Volume Graphics has
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Xi’an Broad Dimension cost of ownership. At our booth, we’ll be
Optoelectronic Technology showcasing our newest innovations
Xi’an, China; Silicon Valley, California designed to deliver an inspection
Booth 323 advantage. The new ultra-intelligent
Xi’an Broad Dimension Optoelectronic TOPAZ®64 is a fully integrated, portable
Technology (XBD) is a leader in the 64 channel PAUT device with full matrix
development and innovation of cesium YXLON Comet Technologies capture and total focusing method
iodide (CsI/Tl) based scintillation solutions Hudson, Ohio; San Jose, California capabilities for your most challenging
addressing a diverse range of application Booth 318 applications. The new truly affordable
areas. XBD designs and configures its own YXLON is a leading technology provider of MIZ®-21C eddy current instrument is the
equipment and manufacturing process, industrial X-ray and computed tomography most advanced mobile handheld device
allowing for coating multiple substrate sizes (CT) systems for nondestructive parts with surface array capabilities, so you can
up to 4343 cm in a single run and catering inspection. Whether systems are stationary, take the power of surface array to new
the scintillator performance recipe to the operated manually, semiautomatically, or areas. Visit zetec.com.
appropriate sensor type or application area. on a fully automatic scale, we have the right
XBD further improves robust quality solution to match nearly every application. Zhengzhou Runde Dellonscope Co.
standards with its proprietary For us, the highest priority is placed on Ltd.
reflection/protection film coupled with a quality: the quality of our inspection Zhengzhou, China
unique encapsulation process to combat systems and, as a result, the quality of your Booth 421
moisture ingression and reduce potential products. You benefit from our years of Zhengzhou Runde Dellonscope Co. Ltd. is a
damage out in the field. The XBD process experience in innovation that have enabled manufacturer and developer for NDT in
translates into a customized scintillator us to gain the confidence and trust of the China, founded in 2006 with distributors all
solution with the right balance of cost, most renowned manufacturers in the over the world. “DELLON” is already a well-
performance, and quality for our customers. automotive industry, aviation and known international brand. We have
Whether it be direct deposition onto an a-Si aerospace, electronics, and other industrial ISO9001:2000 certification, as well as CE
TFT type sensor or an indirect scintillator sectors. YXLON is a division of Comet and RoHS, and offer service after sales,
substrate to be coupled with your Technologies USA Inc. Visit us at yxlon.com, including immediate repairs in one to three
CMOS/CCD sensor, we provide the right and download your free Industrial CT weeks, and a 12-month warranty at no
solution for your detector type. Handbook at https://info.yxlon.com/blog/ charge. OEM/ODM/OBM orders are
yxlon-publishes-new-computed-tomography welcome. Our hope is to set up long
Xiamen Miton Optronics Co. -ct-handbook. business relationships with overseas
Xiamen, China partners. wx
Booth 212 Zetec Inc.
Miton Optronics was founded in 2017 by Snoqualmie, Washington
experts in ceramic scintillator development Booth 902
and manufacturing. The company has Zetec is a global leader in NDT solutions.
world-class R&D teams and owns world- We serve as a single source for high-
leading manufacturing systems and the performance inspection solutions in eddy
latest ceramic scintillator processing current and ultrasonic technologies. For
technology. The company believes in nearly 50 years, we’ve advanced NDT
honesty, customer first, and quality first. standards and science, providing new
This philosophy is applied to making high- insight and control through solutions that
quality products that meet the needs of our protect our customers’ assets. By
customers. The company is committed to integrating design and engineering with our
becoming the world’s leading scintillator manufacturing, Zetec solutions optimize
array supplier. productivity and safety and can lower total
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OCTOBER 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 1367
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INDUSTRY news
YXLON Enters Cooperation with the more, the digital objects can be made ultrasonic testing (UT) services. The
Museum für Naturkunde Berlin available to scientists throughout the majority of TACTIC’s standard products are
As part of a newly concluded cooperation entire world. This exchange between designed to inspect cylindrical materials,
agreement, Yxlon has provided the researchers across the globe not only such as tubes, pipes, bars, and billets;
Museum für Naturkunde (Museum of enables new and innovative research however, the company has also provided
Natural History) in Berlin with the high- methods but also safeguards preservation UT equipment to inspect hexagonal and
resolution computed tomography system and archiving for the future. square billets. LTI currently runs seven
YXLON FF35 CT. The system will run in the The Museum für Naturkunde Berlin has TACTIC immersion UT inspection systems
Hall of Microscopes behind the famous been utilizing this technology for many under one roof on two work shifts and is
Tristan Room. The flood of visitors who years and has gained deep insights into one of the company’s largest customers.
come to see Tristan, the first of two the opportunities and challenges associ-
original Tyrannosaurus Rex skeletons in ated with computed tomography. The
Europe, can now look forward to the next problem of adequate contrasting occurs,
attraction, where they can view original especially when it comes to the resolution
exhibits—such as skull and body skeletons of structures in low-contrast soft tissue
of mammals, fossil specimens from such as organs, muscles, and fat cells. A
different rock layers with inclusions and central task of the Museum für Naturkunde
highly diverse preservation techniques, Berlin will be to find solutions and process
optimizations using contrast media, while
assisting Yxlon with the corresponding
technical refinement of the computed
tomography system and its software. Metal
artifacts resulting from the nature of their From left: Fred Beck, president of TACTIC,
and Mike McVaugh, president and CEO of LTI.
preparation (for example, as occurring with
needled insects) are also some of the
challenges that Yxlon and the museum will
tackle in their cooperation, with the joint TACTIC will stay at its current location
goal of specially optimizing computed and will operate as a subsidiary of LTI. The
tomography for the field of life sciences, company’s president, Fred Beck, and the
Yxlon has provided the high-resolution while ensuring they are ideally prepared other employees will remain in their
computed tomography system, YXLON FF35 for the requirements of digital archiving of positions. Quoting and sales of all
CT, to the Museum of Natural History in
biological specimens. products and services will continue to be
Berlin.
handled by the New Jersey facility, with the
Laboratory Testing Inc. Acquires exception of ultrasonic testing services,
and drilling samples with mineral TAC Technical Instrument Corp. of which will be consolidated into LTI’s NDT
particles—and experience live how New Jersey department.
computed tomography analyses of Laboratory Testing Inc. (LTI) of Hatfield,
specimens are performed. Pennsylvania, has purchased TAC Technical Zetec Presents Jess W. Jackson, IMG
Museums are increasingly utilizing Instrument Corp. (TACTIC) of Trenton, New Ultrasuoni with Market Leadership
nondestructive computed tomography for Jersey. TACTIC has been in the ultrasonic Awards
the digitalization of billions of specimens. inspection business since 1962, devel- Zetec Inc. has presented Jess W. Jackson &
One reason for this is that digitalization oping and selling a product line of Associates (JWJ) of Buford, Georgia, with
can be used to examine valuable research immersion ultrasonic inspection systems its Gold/Platinum Market Leadership
specimens in detail, without having to put and accessories; providing parts, repairs, Award. IMG Ultrasuoni s.r.l. of Mandello
them at risk through handling. What is and training; and performing independent Del Lario, Italy, received the Bronze/Silver
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OCTOBER 2018 • MATERIALS EVALUATION 1371
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STANDARDS update
primarily for naval applications that
The Standards Update department focuses on standards, codes, recommended
require performance to NAVSEA
practices, and other documents used by NDT professionals. This department reports
Technical Publication S9074-AQ-GIB-
every few months on new publications, draft work currently in process, and the status
010/248, Requirements for Welding and
of standards development. This month’s installment focuses on current work in
Brazing Procedure and Performance
American National Standards and ISO Draft International Standards.
Qualification.
l BSR/AWS-NAVSEA B2.1-1/8-323-201X,
Standard Welding Procedure
Specification for Naval Applications
American National Draft Standards published in the past, are listed in the (SWPS-N) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
annexes for reference. of Carbon Steel (S-1) to Austenitic
Project Initiation l BSR/ASME B40.100-201x, Pressure Stainless Steel (S-8), 1/8 inch [3 mm]
ANSI procedures require notification by Gauges and Gauge Attachments. This is through 1-1/2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-
ANSI-accredited standards developers of a revision of ANSI/ASME B40.100-2013. 309, ER309L, in the As-Welded
the initiation and scope of activities This standard addresses Pressure Condition, Primarily Pipe for Naval
expected to result in new or revised Indicating Dial Type - Elastic Element Applications. This is a new standard.
American National Standards. The Gauges, Diaphragm Seals, Snubbers, This standard contains the essential
following is a list of proposed actions and Pressure Limiter Valves, and Pressure welding variables for carbon steel to
new standards that have been received Digital Indicating Gauges. These indi- austenitic stainless steel in the
recently from accredited standards devel- vidual standards provide terminology thickness range of 1/8 in. (3 mm)
opers. To view information about addi- and definitions, dimensions, safety, through 1-1/2 in. (38 mm), using
tional standards for which a project construction and installation issues, manual gas tungsten arc welding. It
initiation notification has been submitted, test procedures, and general recom- cites the base metals and operating
and to search approved American National mendations. conditions necessary to make the
Standards, please visit nssn.org, which is a l BSR/AWS B2.1-1/8-324-201X, Standard weldment, the filler metal specifica-
database of standards information. Note Welding Procedure Specification for tions, and joint designs for groove
that this database is not exhaustive. Naval Applications (SWPS-N) for and fillet welds. This SWPS-N was
l BSR ASA S1.42-201x, Design Response Shielded Metal Arc Welding of Carbon developed primarily for naval
of Weighting Networks for Acoustical Steel (S-1) to Austenitic Stainless Steel applications that require performance
Measurements. This is a revision of (S -8), 1/8 inch [3 mm] through to NAVSEA Technical Publication
ANSI ASA S1.42-2001 (R2016). Provides 1-1/2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-309-XX, S9074-AQ-GIB-010/248, Requirements
design criteria for both frequency- MIL-309L-XX, in the As-Welded for Welding and Brazing Procedure and
domain response (amplitude and Condition, Primarily Pipe for Naval Performance Qualification.
phase) and time-domain of A- and Applications. This is a new standard. l BSR/AWS-NAVSEA B2.1-1/8-325-201x,
C-weighting networks used in acousti- This standard contains the essential Standard Welding Procedure
cally related measurements. The poles welding variables for carbon steel to Specification for Naval Applications
and zeros for each weighting network austenitic stainless steel in the (SWPS-N) for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
are given, along with equations for thickness range of 1/8 in. Followed by Shielded Metal Arc Welding
computing the amplitude and phase (3 mm) through 1-1/2 in. (38 mm), of Carbon Steel (S -1) to Austenitic
responses as functions of frequency using manual shielded metal arc Stainless Steel (S-8), 1/8 inch [3 mm]
and impulse and step responses as welding. It cites the base metals and through 1-1/2 inch [38 mm] Thick, MIL-
functions of time. Other known operating conditions necessary to make 309/ER309L and MIL-309-XX/MIL-309L-
weighting networks that had been stan- the weldment, the filler metal specifica- XX, in the As-Welded Condition,
dardized, such as the B-, D-, and tions, and joint designs for groove and Primarily Pipe for Naval Applications.
E-weightings, or weightings that were fillet welds. This SWPS-N was developed This is a new standard. This standard
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contains the essential welding variables evaluating the suitability of materials nonflight hardware. Additional require-
for carbon steel to austenitic stainless used in piping systems for piping that ments cover repair welding of existing
steel in the thickness range of 1/8 in. may be subject to brittle failure due to hardware. A commentary for the specifi-
(3 mm) through 1-1/2 in. (38 mm), low-temperature service conditions. cation is included.
using manual gas tungsten arc welding l BSR/AWS D17.1/D17.1M-201x-AMD2,
followed by shielded metal arc welding. Specification for Fusion Welding for Call for Comment on Proposals Listed
It cites the base metals and operating Aerospace Applications. This is a The public comment period has passed for
conditions necessary to make the revision and redesignation of ANSI/AWS the following draft American National
weldment, the filler metal specifica- D17.1/D17.1M-2017-AMD1. This speci- Standards, which are currently in review.
tions, and joint designs for groove and fication provides the general welding l BSR/SCTE 13-201x, Dielectric Air Leak
fillet welds. This SWPS-N was developed requirements for welding aircraft and Test Method For Trunk, Feeder and
primarily for naval applications that space hardware. It includes but is not Distribution Coaxial Cable. This is a
require performance to NAVSEA limited to the fusion welding of revision of ANSI/SCTE 13-2011. The
Technical Publication S9074-AQ-GIB - aluminum-based, nickel-based, iron- purpose of this test is to detect voids in
010/248, Requirements for Welding and based, cobalt-based, magnesium-based, the dielectric and the bond between the
Brazing Procedure and Performance and titanium-based alloys using electric- dielectric and the center conductor.
Qualification. arc and high-energy-beam processes. l BSR/AWS G2.3M/G2.3-201x, Guide for
l BSR/ASME B31T-201x, Standard There are requirements for welding the Joining of Solid Solution Austenitic
Toughness Requirements for Piping. This design, personnel and procedure qualifi- Stainless Steels. This is a revision of
is a revision of ANSI/ASME B31T-2015. cation, inspection, and acceptance ANSI/AWS G2.3M/G2.3-2012. This
This standard provides requirements for criteria for aerospace, support, and guide presents a description of solid
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NEW
ROBERT E. SHANNON
Associate Technical Editor
patents
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Piezoelectric-based transducers measure cally proven to be sensitive to the while providing an integrated index that
the surface displacement response by existence of internal structural cracks. For accurately identifies the anomaly condi-
contact with the test object. In the case of the purpose of applying the impact- tions. Development of a data fusion
impact-acoustic techniques, the material acoustic technique for inspection of tire technique by weighted averaging of the
undergoes very small strains, and thus casing integrity, models are developed for discriminators allows the generation of a
only the initial tangent modulus is simplified tire structures. The models single anomaly index as an indicator of the
relevant. The dynamic impact force signal assume a cubic shape fabricated from integrity of inspected tires.
has been identified as a useful means to rubber compound material without rein- The patent also discloses the use of
characterize the impact response from forcements. The prepared cubic rubber measurements of time domain and
testing on a rubber composite structure. samples are designed to roughly approxi- frequency characteristics as inputs to an
Furthermore, the impact-induced acoustic mate the profile of a sectional tire casing artificial neural network (ANN). As used
signal can be studied in two separate with cracks embedded at the belt edge in herein, an ANN refers generally to one or
stages: (1) initial contact sound due to a shoulder area. more models that are capable of pattern
local deformation at the impact region; Energy-based analysis of the structure recognition, forecasting, and/or data
and (2) ringing sound due to free vibration is another useful approach to understand compression. The ANN is trained using
of the structure. Both parts of the impact the effect of embedded anomalies on the measurements of sample tires with known
sound have been demonstrated as related impact behavior. The differences of the characteristics. Its invention contemplates
to the tire’s structural properties, and can material properties of the two colliding design and fabrication of an automated
be used to determine the existence of the bodies result in energy loss, which is test platform, experimental investigation
structural anomalies. The patent describes dependent upon various properties and algorithm determination, and ANN
an integrated approach by measuring both including (but not limited to) stiffness, analysis including offline database training
impact force and the impact sound, and density, and shape. Based upon the and online sample evaluation. An inte-
analytical modeling explains the relation- modeling of energy loss in the impact grated approach by measuring both
ship between the impact acoustic signals process, it was analytically and experimen- impact force and impact sound also is
and the internal cracks. The sound tally shown that the intensity of sound adopted, and analytical modeling is
pressures monitored by a transducer near excited by flexural vibration after impact employed to represent the relationship
the impact location correspond to the can be used as an indicator of structural between the impact acoustic signals and
movement history of the target. The initial integrity. Significant research based on the internal anomalies. Experimental vali-
stage of the acoustic signal is due to the impact-acoustic techniques is driven by dations are performed on both the rubber
deformation and restitution of the target the fact that the human ear can capture structure solved by the analytical model
within the duration of impact. The rest of the difference in the sound while tapping and the complex tire casings. A description
the acoustic signal is produced by the free or hammering the tested structure. An is given of a novel set of discriminators to
vibration of the structure. The embedded automation of this procedure would make be used in combination with a force trans-
internal anomalies dissipate the energy inspection more efficient, less subjective, ducer. An overall characterization of the
from the resonant modes to other flexural and operator independent. It has also tire as a candidate for being suitable for
modes, which can be observed in the been reported that the feedback from retreading is sought, rather than seeking
frequency domain using frequency vibrating hammers or other tools (after the to localize individual variances. The
analysis such as the fast fourier transform impact) is also relevant to the structural specific orientation of transducers,
(FFT) or other types of analysis. difference. Thus, in some embodiments, including microphone and load cell, and
The patented process employs an one or more microphones sense the sound the selection of discriminator functions are
impact-acoustic technique for the NDT of waves. An impactor made with a load cell a result of extensive experimentation
internal cracks in a rubber composite tip records the vibration feedback as well. aided by finite element modeling. Where
structure, such as that found in a tire. This Based upon comprehensive theoretical conventional impact-acoustic and impact-
approach is an effective and economical analysis of the impact acoustic signals, echo techniques use microphones or
alternative to current NDT techniques for discriminators can be extracted from the accelerometers to detect internal tire
tire casing integrity inspection. It considers impact force signal and the acoustic time- anomalies, the presently disclosed
the impact force signal and the resultant and frequency-domain signal. These invention implements a combination of
acoustic signal as separate aspects of the discriminators may be verified as indica- impactor, accelerometer, microphone and
impact acoustic signals and applies a tors of internal anomalies in both simpli- analysis algorithms to detect a range of
contact dynamics model developed from fied cubic rubber structures and anomaly sizes, types, and locations. w x
Hertz’s impact theory and modified for complicated tire casings. Integration of the
rubber composite materials. This model extracted discriminators helps to mitigate
generates prediction of major impact the deficiencies and noise caused by
dynamics quantities, which are theoreti- relying heavily on a single discriminator,
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E GE Inspection Technologies Hocker Inc. (Houston, TX) Ionix Advanced Technologies (Leeds,
(Greenville, SC) Hodges Transportation Inc. (Carson United Kingdom)
Echem Consultants LLC GE Power Generation Services City, NV) IPSI (Courbevoie Cedex, France)
(Poughkeepsie, NY) (Houston, TX) Honeywell Federal Manufacturing & iRay Technology Shanghai Ltd.
Echo Ultrasonics (Bellingham, WA) General Dynamics NASSCO Norfolk Technologies (Kansas City, MO) (Shanghai, China)
ECS Inc. (Kennesaw, GA) (Norfolk, VA) HSI Group Inc. (Torrance, CA) IRED Thermal Group Ltd. (Edmonton,
Eddyfi (Quebec, Canada) George Consulting Services Inc. Canada)
EddySonix (Orbe, Switzerland) (Monaca, PA) I Iris Inspection Services Inc.
Edison Welding Institute Germann Instruments Inc. (Baytown, TX)
(Columbus, OH) (Evanston, IL) Ibis Educationals Services Pvt. Ltd. IRISNDT (Houston, TX)
Eishin Kagaku Co. Ltd. (Minato-Ku, GES for Petroleum Inspection & (Thrissur, India) Irsa Corrosion Control & Technical
Japan) Training Services (Menofeyah, Egypt) Icon Lifting & Rigging Inspections Inspection Co. (Tehran, Iran)
Ekoscan (Saint Remy, France) GISS USA East LP (Clare, MI) Ltd. (Port Harcourt, Nigeria) Isoflex Radioactive LLC (Saint Rose, LA)
EMWorks (Montreal, Canada) Gladd Solutions (Plymouth, MI) Iconicx Critical Solutions LLC IVC Technologies (Lebanon, OH)
Enerfab Inc. (Cincinnati, OH) Global Academy for Inspection and (Amsterdam, NY) IveyCooper Services LLC (Soddy
Engineers Edge Institute of NDT Training (Pandalam, India) ImechE Engineering Training Daisy, TN)
(Coimbatore, India) Global Engineering Documents (IHS) Solutions (Sheffield, United
ESD for Inspection (Khartoum, Sudan) (Englewood, CO) Kingdom) J
ETher NDE Ltd. (St. Albans, United Global Inspection Services (Madrid, Imen Joosh Pouyan Co. (Mashhad,
Spain) Iran) J Core Drilling Inc. (Centreville, VA)
Kingdom)
Global Inspections NDT Inc. IMESA (Boca Del Rio, Mexico) James Instruments Inc. (Chicago, IL)
ETM Inc. (Newark, CA)
(Kelowna, Canada) Imperium Inc. (Beltsville, MD) Jan Kens Co. Inc. (Monrovia, CA)
EuroMaTech Training & Management
Global Lifting Services Nigeria Ltd. IMS Cochin (Eranakulam, India) JANX (Parma, MI)
Consultancy (Dubai, United Arab
(Port Harcourt, Nigeria) Industrial Inspection & Analysis Inc. Jar Lifting (Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
Emirates)
Global Maintenance Services Ltd. (Atlanta, GA) JC International Ltd. (Port Harcourt,
Euroteck Systems UK Ltd.
(Concepcion, Chile) Industrial Inspection Co. (Monroe, MI) Nigeria)
(Tamworth, United Kingdom)
Global Pageant Engineering Industrial Inspection Systems Ltd. Jentek Sensors Inc. (Marlborough, MA)
Exel Orbital Systems (Camarillo, CA)
Consultants LLC (Ajman, United (Vaughan, Canada) JES Pipelines Ltd. (Singapore,
Extende (Norfolk, VA)
Arab Emirates) Industrial Sorting Services Singapore)
ExxonMobil (Baytown, TX)
Global PCS (Santana de Parnaiba, (Sharonville, OH) Jesse Garant Metrology Center
F Brazil) Industrial Testing Laboratory (Windsor, Canada)
Globe X-Ray Services Inc. (Tulsa, OK) Services LLC (Pittsburgh, PA) JETS Inc. (Carrollton, TX)
Fadings Global Energy Ltd. (Port Glomacs Fz LLC (Dubai, United Arab Innerspec Technologies Inc. Jireh Industries Ltd. (Ardrossan,
Harcourt, Nigeria) Emirates) (Forest, VA) Canada)
Fangzheng Valve Group Co. Ltd. GMAR Comercializadora S.A.C. Innovacion (Concepcion, Chile) JME Ltd. (Lowestoft, United
(Wenzhou, China) (Lima, Peru) Insight k.k. (Tokyo, Japan) Kingdom)
FDH Infrastructure Services Godavari Technical Services (Nasik, Inspec Testing Inc. (National City, CA) Johnghama International Services
(Raleigh, NC) India) Inspectest Pvt. Ltd. (Lahore Punjab, Ltd. (Warri, Nigeria)
Fickett Structural Solutions Great Detection Suzhou Engineering Pakistan) Jubail Industrial College (Jubail
(Middleton, WI) Examination and Test Co. Ltd. Inspection Plug Strategies LLC Industrial City, Saudi Arabia)
Flathead Valley Community College (Tai Cang, China) (Houston, TX) JZ Russell Industries Inc.
(Kalispell, MT) Guangdong Goworld Co. Ltd. Inspection Quality International (Nederland, TX)
FlawSpec Manufacturing Inc. (Shantou, China) (Bangalore, India)
(Edmonton, Canada) Guangzhou Doppler Electronic Inspection Technologies Inc.
K
FlawTech (Concord, NC) Technologies Co. Ltd. (Guangzhou, (Pomona, CA)
China) Kakivik Asset Management LLC
FMJ International Oil Field Pvt. Ltd. Inspectors Union Co. (Jubail, Saudi
Guided NDE LLC (San Antonio, TX) (Anchorage, AK)
(Islamabad, Pakistan) Arabia)
Guided Ultrasonics Ltd. (Brentford, KARL STORZ Industrial Group
Foerster Instruments Inc. Institute of Industrial Quality
United Kingdom) (El Segundo, CA)
(Pittsburgh, PA) Management (Shoranur, India)
Guided Wave Analysis LLC (San KBRwyle (Dayton, OH)
Force Technology (Broendby, Denmark) Institute of Nondestructive Testing
Antonio, TX) Keel Oil Co. (Pank Village, Iraq)
Forenergy Inspection & Consultation and Training (Mumbai, India)
Gulf Crane Services (Stafford, TX) Keltron Kerala State Electronics
Co. Ltd. (Xian, China) Institute of Reliability Centered
Gulf Energy International (Dammam, Development Corp. Ltd.
Formweld Fitting Inc. (Milton, FL) Maintenance (Lahore, Pakistan)
Saudi Arabia) (Trivandrum, India)
Forward Deployed Regional Integrated Inspection & Surveying
Gulf Quality Control Co. Ltd. Kenz Al Jar General Contracting Est.
Maintenance Center (Fpo, AE) (Sharjah, United Arab Emirates)
(Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia) (Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
Frontline Testing and Inspection Integrity Products & Supplies Inc.
Gulf X-Ray Services Inc. (Gretna, LA) Keville Enterprises Inc. (Boston, MA)
(Lafayette, LA) (Sherwood Park, Canada)
Gulmay (Suwanee, GA) Kimtron Inc. (Oxford, CT)
Fujifilm North America - NDT Integrity Scientific Laboratory Kinetic Solutions LLC (Fort Ripley,
Materials and Equipment (Dubai, United Arab Emirates)
H MN)
(Valhalla, NY) Integrity Smart Services LLC KTA Tator Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA)
Future NDT (Vijayawada, India) (Muscat, Oman)
Haks Engineers Architects & Land Kuwait Pipe Industries & Oil
Integrity Testing & Inspection LLC Services Co. (Kuwait City, Kuwait)
G Surveyors PC (New York, NY) (Onaway, MI)
Hamamatsu Corp. (Bridgewater, NJ) International Inspection (Santa Fe
G&G Technical Services Ltd. Helium Leak Testing Inc. (Simi L
Springs, CA)
(London, United Kingdom) Valley, CA) International Leak Detection LLC
Hellier (Houston, TX) Labino AB (Vallentuna, Sweden)
Gamesa Innovation & Technology (Des Plaines, IL)
Herzog Services Inc. (Saint Joseph, MO) Laboratory Testing Inc. (Hatfield, PA)
(Sarriguren, Spain) International Mega Petroleum
Hexi Corp. (Wallingford, CT) Laser Technology (Norristown, PA)
Gamma Petroleum Services (Basra, Inspection Corp. (Binan,
Highland Oilfield Services Group Lavender International NDT
Iraq) Philippines)
Ltd. (Aberdeen, United Kingdom) Consultants (Sheffield, United
Gammatec NDT Supplies SOC Ltd. International Quality Systems
Hi-Spec Systems Ltd. (Nantwich, Kingdom)
(Vereeniging Gauteng, South Africa) (Concepcion, Chile)
United Kingdom) Lickenbrock Technologies Inc. (Saint
GB Inspection Systems Ltd. Intron Plus (Moscow, Russia)
Hobart Institute of Welding Louis, MO)
(Cannock, United Kingdom) Inuktun Services Ltd. (Nanaimo,
Technology (Troy, OH) Linkso Nigeria Ltd. (Lekki, Nigeria)
Canada)
ASNT grants
1380non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
Join Us
SE International Inc. Velosi (M) Sdn. Bhd. (Petaling Jaya,
(Summertown, TN) Malaysia)
SEAL Aviation (Fort Lauderdale, FL) Verda (Sfax, Tunisia)
SECU-CHEK GmbH (Kleinblittersdorf, Being a part of the Society links your business to the worldwide Verichek Technical Services Inc.
Germany) (Bethel Park, PA)
NDT community and puts your business on the front lines of the
Sensor Networks (Boalsburg, PA) Veriphase (Birmingham, AL)
Setcore Arabia Petroleum Services industry. To learn more about becoming a Corporate Partner, see Vermon NDT (Walhalla, SC)
(Dammam, Saudi Arabia) the Membership section of the ASNT website at asnt.org. Versa Integrity Group (Sulphur, LA)
SGS NAM Inc. (Broken Arrow, OK) VIDISCO Ltd. (Or Yehuda, Israel)
Shandong HTS NDT Technology Co. Virgin Galactic (Mojave, CA)
Ltd. (Jinan City, China) Sri Ramakrishna Advanced Training Thermo Fisher Scientific Virtual Media Integration
Shanghai CHiNDT Systems and Institute (Coimbatore, India) (Houston, TX) (Pensacola, FL)
Services (Shanghai, China) St. Johns NDT Training & Services Thermographie GG Inc. (Granby, VIS LLC (Cranberry Township, PA)
Shanghai Puxian Mechanical (Pathanamthitta, India) Canada) VisiConsult X-Ray Systems &
Technology Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, Stalion-Primi (Port Harcourt, Nigeria) TIBA Oil Tools (Cairo, Egypt) Solutions GmbH (Stockelsdorf,
China) Standard Testing and Inspection Tlou Engineering (Johannesburg, Germany)
Shanghai QiJi Inspection Technology Services Ltd. (Port Harcourt, South Africa) Vision Financial Group Inc.
Co. (Shanghai, China) Nigeria) Top Notch EDM Services (Pittsburgh, PA)
Shasta Services LLC (Aliquippa, PA) Stanley Inspection (Houston, TX) (Conroe, TX) Vizaar Industrial Imaging
Shenzhen Coantec Automation Star Pipe Service Inc. (Moore, OK) Toray Industries America Inc. (New (Gibsonia, PA)
Technology Co. Ltd. (Shenzhen, Stegman Inspection Services Inc. York, NY) VJ Technologies Inc. (Bohemia, NY)
China) (Troy, MI) Trainee World Institute (Baghdad, Volume Graphics Inc. (Charlotte, NC)
Shenzhen Firstrank Industrial Steinol Solutions Private Ltd. Iraq) Volunteer NDT Corp.
Development Co. Ltd. (Shenzhen, (Islamabad, Pakistan) Trident Refit Facility (Kings Bay, GA) (Chattanooga, TN)
China) Structural Integrity Associates Trikon Technologies Inc.
Sherwin Inc. (South Gate, CA) (Huntersville, NC) (Vaudreuil-Dorion, Canada) W
SIEEND Servicios de Ingenieria Sullivan & Associates Inc. Trinidad Inspection Services Ltd.
(Mexico City, Mexico) (Ladson, SC) (Point Lisas, Trinidad and Tobago) Walashek Industrial & Marine Inc.
Siemens Energy Inc. (Mount Superior Inspection Services LLC Trinity NDT Engineers (Bangalore, (Norfolk, VA)
Pleasant, PA) (Broussard, LA) India) Walt Disney World Co. (Lake Buena
SignalNDT (Goleta, CA) Supervisor of Shipbuilding Tru Amp Corp. (Jackson, MS) Vista, FL)
Signature TechnicAir (Greensboro, NC) Conversion and Repair (Bath, ME) TTAsia Co. Ltd. (Ho Chi Minh City, Warren Associates (Pittsburgh, PA)
Silean (Tremonton, UT) System One (Cheswick, PA) Vietnam) Washita Valley Enterprises Inc.
SIUI (Shantou, China) Tubestar Oil and Gas Services (Oklahoma City, OK)
SME (Plymouth, MI) T (Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia) Weldex Center (Oran, Algeria)
SMEC Automation Pvt. Ltd. (Cochin, Tulsa Welding School (Tulsa, OK) Welding Quality Concepts (Trichy,
India) Talcyon Pte Ltd. (Singapore, Turbo Nondestructive Testing Inc. India)
Snell Group (Barre, VT) Singapore) (Kemah, TX) Welding Technology & NDT Research
Socomate International (Crecy La TCR Arabia Co. Ltd. (Dammam, Application Center (Ankara,
Chapelle, France) Saudi Arabia) U Turkey)
SOLEND (Cochabamba, Bolivia) TEAM Industrial Services (Alvin, TX) Weldtest (Bir Khadem, Algeria)
Son Set Consultants LLC (Owasso, OK) Tech Service Products Inc. Ultran Group (State College, PA) We-NDT (Minden, NV)
Sonaspection International Inc. (Harahan, LA) Ultrasonic Sciences Ltd. (Aldershot, WesDyne AMDATA (Windsor, CT)
(Concord, NC) Techna NDT (Kent, WA) United Kingdom) Western Michigan University (Battle
Sonatest Inc. (San Antonio, TX) Technical Loadarm Ltd. (Guelph, Uniclimb Services Pte. Ltd. Creek, MI)
Sonaxis SA (Besancon, France) Canada) (Singapore, Singapore) Willick Engineering Co. Inc. (Santa
Sonic Systems International Technical Petroleum Solutions UNICO (Cairo, Egypt) Fe Springs, CA)
(Houston, TX) (Muscat, Oman) Universal Inspection Co. Ltd. (Jubail, World Testing Inc. (Mount Juliet, TN)
SONOTEC (Islandia, NY) Technisonic Research Inc. Saudi Arabia)
Sounding Technology (Portsmouth, VA) (Fairfield, CT) University of Alaska Anchorage X
Source Production & Equipment Co. Technology Design Ltd. (Winsford, (Anchorage, AK)
Inc. (Saint Rose, LA) United Kingdom) UniWest (Pasco, WA) XCEL NDT LLC (Clifton, KS)
Sources Technology Co. (Dammam, Techtra Engineering Consultants US Army Yuma Proving Ground Xplore Edutech (Ernakulam, India)
Saudi Arabia) (Roodepoort, South Africa) (Yuma, AZ) X-Ray Associates LLC (San Dimas, CA)
Southern California Regional Tecnatom S.A. (Madrid, Spain) USA Borescopes (Clarksville, TN) X-Ray Industries Inc. (Troy, MI)
Occupational Center (Torrance, CA) Tehran Oilfield Inspection UT Quality (Edmonton, Canada) X-Scan Imaging Corp. (San Jose, CA)
Southern Inspection Services Services-Kish (Kish Island, Iran) UTEX Scientific Instruments Inc.
(Chennai, India) Teledyne DALSA (Milpitas, CA) (Mississauga, Canada) Y
Southwest Research Institute (San Teledyne ICM (Andrimont, Belgium) UTX Inc. (Holmes, NY)
YXLON (Hudson, OH)
Antonio, TX) Tesco (Golconda, Trinidad and
Sowsco Inspection Services Ltd. Tobago) V Z
(Port Harcourt, Nigeria) Tesco Corp. (Kanagawa, Japan)
Sparrows (Bridge of Don Aberdeen, Test Equipment Distributors LLC Vaal University of Technology
Zamil Inspection and Contracting
United Kingdom) (Troy, MI) (Vanderbijlpark, South Africa)
(Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
Spartan College of Aeronautics & Testex Inc. (Pittsburgh, PA) Valley Inspection Service Inc.
Zetec Inc. (Snoqualmie, WA)
Zimmer Biomet (Fair Lawn, NJ) wx
Technology (Tulsa, OK) Testia (Toulouse, France) (Allentown, PA)
Special Oilfield Services Co. LLC Texas Research International Vandergriff Technologies NDT
(Ruwi, Oman) (Austin, TX) Services (Haltom City, TX)
Specialized Services & Supplies Thermal Wave Imaging Inc. Varex Imaging (Salt Lake City, UT)
General Trading & Contracting Co. (Ferndale, MI) Vector TUB GmbH (Hattingen NRW,
(North Shuwaikh, Kuwait) ThermalStar Training Center Germany)
SPECPRO (Hollywood, FL) (Phoenix, AZ) Velosi (B) Sdn. Bhd. (Kuala Belait,
Brunei)
Course Contacts
The following are contacts for only those organizations that offer public courses listed in this month’s Calendar.
AIRT: Academy of Infrared Training Inc.; Hellier Pacific: Hellier; 2051 E. Cerritos PQT: PQT Services (Plumstead Training);
No. 720–702 Kentucky St., Bellingham, Ave., Ste. 8A, Anaheim, CA 92806; (714) Kim Rosa; 214 Pelham Davis Circle,
WA 98225; (888) 673-4743; email 956-2274; fax (714) 956-2277; email Greenville, SC 29615; (864) 292-1115;
airt@infraredtraining.net; infrared infoanaheim@hellierndt.com; hellier fax (770) 514-3299; email krosa@ats
training.net. ndt.com. lab.com; pqt.net.
Atlantic: Atlantic NDT Training; Gary L. Hellier South Central: Hellier; 600 Quality: Quality Testing Services;
Chapman; 24 Flat Rock Rd., Branford, CT Kenrick Dr. Suite C-1., Houston, TX Melissa Rankin; 2305 Millpark Dr.,
06405; (203) 481-4041; atlanticndt 77060; (281) 873-0980; fax (281) 873- Maryland Heights, MO 63043; (314)
training.com. 0981; email adminhouston@hellier 770-0607; (888) 770-0607; fax (314)
ATS: Applied Technical Services; Lisa ndt.com; hellierndt.com. 770-0103; email training@quali-
Henry; 1049 Triad Ct., Marietta, GA LTS: Leak Testing Specialists Inc.; tytesting.com; qualitytesting.com.
30062; (888) 287-5227; (678) 444- Cyndi Reid; 5776 Hoffner Ave., Ste. 304, Snell: The Snell Group; 322 N. Main St.,
2897; fax (770) 514-3299; email Orlando, FL 32822; (407) 737-6415; fax Ste. 8, Barre, VT 05641; (802) 479-
lhenry@atslab.com; atslab.com/ (407) 737-6416; email cyndi.reid@leak 7100; fax (802) 479-7171; email
training. testingspec.com; leaktestingspec.com. info@thesnellgroup.com; thesnell
BRL: BRL Consultants Inc.; 219 W. Mistras: Mistras Group Inc.; Christina group.com.
Rhapsody Dr., San Antonio, TX 78216; Librandy; 195 Clarksville Rd., Princeton TechKnowServ: TechKnowServ Corp.;
(210) 341-3442; fax (210) 341-2844; Junction, NJ 08550; (609) 716-4020; Subash Jayaraman; 2134 Sandy Dr.,
email info@brlconsultants.com; fax (609) 716-0706; email christina Ste. 14, State College, PA 16803;
brlconsultants.com. .librandy@mistrasgroup.com; (814) 237-1031; email subash@tech
CodeWest: 600 Kenrick Dr. Suite C-1., mistrasgroup.com. knowserv.com; techknowserv.com.
Houston, TX 77060; (281) 392-4540; NPI: NDE Professionals Inc.; 13339 NE Test: Test NDT; Cathy Harvey; 193 Viking
email info@codewest.com; codewest Airport Way, Ste. 100, Portland, OR Ave., Brea, CA 92821; (714) 255-1500;
.com. 97230; (503) 287-5255; fax (503) 287- fax (714) 255-1580; email ndttrain
Decibel: Decibel NDE Training Institute; 5992; email training@qnpi.com; @aol.com; testndt.com.
1st Floor Plainfield, Pattambi, Palakkad, ndeprofessionals.com. Trinity: Trinity Institute of NDT
Kerala, India 679303; +91 9387 674 Odyssey: Odyssey Technology Corp.; Technology; Ravi Kumar T. or Shiva
153, +91 0466 2214 333, or +91 8089 Carol Sansieri; 3000 Village Run Rd., Kumar R.; Plot No. V-22a, 2nd Stage,
000 250; email info@decibelnde.com; Unit 103, #149, Wexford, PA 15090; Peenya Industrial Estate, Bangalore,
decibelnde.com. (843) 817-3475; email carols@odyssey India 560058; +91 99009 29439 or
GE: GE Inspection Academy, General test.com. +91 98441 29439; email training
Electric, Oil & Gas: Digital Solutions; Olson: Olson Instruments; 12401 W. @trinityndt.com; trinityndt.com.
201 Beltway Green, Pasadena, TX 49th Ave., Wheat Ridge, CO 80033;
77503; (855) 232-7470; email (303) 423-1212; fax (303) 423-6071;
inspection.academy@ge.com; email info@olsoninstruments.com;
geinspectionacademy.com. olsoninstruments.com.
Hellier Northeast: Hellier; 1 Spar Yard
St., New London, CT 06320; (860) 437-
1003; fax (860) 437-1014; email
infonewlondon@hellierndt.com;
hellierndt.com.
ASNT grants
1384non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
Infrared and Thermal 23–27 OCT
Testing Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Decibel.
1–5 OCT
Level I Thermographic 25–26 OCT
Applications, New Orleans, Mechanical Specialty Course,
Louisiana. Snell. Greenville, South Carolina.
Snell.
2–5 OCT
Level I, Louisville, Kentucky. 29 OCT–2 NOV
AIRT. Level I Thermographic
Applications, Cincinnati, Ohio.
9–12 OCT Snell.
Level I, Bellingham, Level II Thermographic
Washington. AIRT. Applications, Toronto, Ontario,
Level I, St. Louis, Missouri. Canada. Snell.
Quality.
5–9 NOV
10–11 OCT Level I Thermographic
Infrared for Electrical Applications, San Antonio,
Inspections, San Antonio, Texas. Snell.
Texas. Snell. Level II Advanced Infrared
13–16 OCT Thermography, San Antonio,
Applications in Buildings Texas. Snell.
(French), Montréal, Québec, 6–9 NOV
Canada. Snell. Level I, Austin, Texas. AIRT.
15–19 OCT Level I Thermographic
Level I Thermographic Applications (Spanish),
Applications, Greenville, South Santiago, Chile. Snell.
Carolina. Snell. Level II, Vancouver, British
Level II, St. Louis, Missouri. Columbia, Canada. AIRT.
Quality. 7–8 NOV
Level II Advanced Infrared for Electrical
Thermographic Applications Inspections, Chattanooga,
(French), Montréal, Québec, Tennessee. Snell.
Canada. Snell.
12–15 NOV
16–19 OCT Level II Advanced Infrared
Level I, Columbus, Ohio. AIRT. Thermography (Spanish),
16–20 OCT Santiago, Chile. Snell.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. 13–16 NOV
Decibel. Level I, Vancouver, British
22–26 OCT Columbia, Canada. AIRT.
Level I Thermographic 19–22 NOV
Applications, Tampa, Florida. Level I, Phoenix, Arizona. AIRT.
Snell.
Level II Advanced Infrared 19–23 NOV
Thermography, Tampa, Florida. Level I Thermographic
Snell. Applications, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada. Snell.
23–24 OCT
Electrical Specialty Course, 20–24 NOV
Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Snell. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
Electrical Specialty Course, Decibel.
Greenville, South Carolina. 26–29 NOV
Snell. Level I, Orlando, Florida. AIRT.
23–26 OCT 3–6 DEC
Level I, Houston, Texas. AIRT. Level I, Chicago, Illinois. AIRT.
Level II, Orlando, Florida. AIRT.
ASNT grants
1386non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
12–16 NOV 5–7 NOV
Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia. Level I/II, New London,
ATS. Connecticut. Hellier Northeast.
17–21 DEC 5–8 NOV
Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia. NAS-410, Anaheim, California.
ATS. Hellier Pacific.
6–9 NOV
Magnetic Particle Testing Level I/II, St. Louis, Missouri.
1–3 OCT Quality.
Level I/II, Anaheim, California. 6–10 NOV
Hellier Pacific. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
2–6 OCT Decibel.
Level I/II, Kerala, India. 7–9 NOV
Decibel. Level I/II, Greenville, South
3–5 OCT Carolina. PQT.
Level I/II, Greenville, South Level I/II, Jacksonville, Florida.
Carolina. PQT. PQT.
Level I/II, Jacksonville, Florida. 12–14 NOV
PQT. Level I/II, Houston, Texas.
8–10 OCT Hellier South Central.
Level I/II, Houston, Texas. 13–17 NOV
Hellier South Central. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
9–12 OCT Decibel.
Level II, Heath, Ohio. Mistras. 14–16 NOV
NAS-410, New London, Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia.
Connecticut. Hellier Northeast. ATS.
9–13 OCT 19–20 NOV
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
Decibel. Bangalore, India. Trinity.
16–19 OCT 20–24 NOV
Level II (NAS-410), Greenville, Level I/II, Kerala, India.
South Carolina. PQT. Decibel.
16–20 OCT 26–28 NOV
Level I/II, Kerala, India. Level I/II, Anaheim, California.
Decibel. Hellier Pacific.
17–19 OCT 26–30 NOV
Level I/II, Atlanta, Georgia. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
ATS. Decibel.
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
3–5 DEC
Branford, Connecticut. Atlantic.
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Brea,
23–27 OCT California. Test.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
3–6 DEC
Decibel.
NAS-410, Houston, Texas.
27–28 OCT Hellier South Central.
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A),
4–8 DEC
Bangalore, India. Trinity.
Level I/II, Kerala, India.
29–31 OCT Decibel.
Level I/II, Anaheim, California.
5–7 DEC
Hellier Pacific.
Level I/II, Greenville, South
31 OCT–2 NOV Carolina. PQT.
Level I/II, San Antonio, Texas. Level I/II, Jacksonville, Florida.
BRL. PQT.
ASNT grants
1388non-exclusive,
M A T E R I A L S Enon-transferable
V A L U A T I O N • O C license
T O B E R of
201this
8 material to Ms Janejira Lertpornprasith.
All rights reserved. © ASNT 2023. To report unauthorized use, contact: customersupport@asnt.org
12–16 NOV Level II Film, Atlanta, Georgia. Non-film Level II (NAS-410), 28 JAN–1 FEB
Computed Radiography Level I, ATS. Greenville, South Carolina. Computed Radiography
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS. Level II Non-film (NAS-410), PQT. Level II, Greenville, South
Digital Radiography Level I, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS. Non-film Level II Transition Carolina. PQT.
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS. Non-film Level I (NAS-410), (NAS-410), Greenville, South Digital Radiography Level II,
Level I, Houston, Texas. Hellier Greenville, South Carolina. Carolina. PQT. Greenville, South Carolina.
South Central. PQT. Radiation Safety, Houston, PQT.
Level I Film, Atlanta, Georgia. Non-film Level I Transition Texas. Hellier South Central. Film and Non-film Level II
ATS. (NAS-410), Greenville, South 11–23 DEC
(NAS-410) 60 hours,
Level I Non-film (NAS-410), Carolina. PQT. Film Interpretation Level II, Greenville, South Carolina.
Atlanta, Georgia. ATS. Radiation Safety, New London, Kerala, India. Decibel. PQT.
Radiation Safety, St. Louis, Connecticut. Hellier Northeast. Level I/II, Kerala, India. Film Radiography Level II,
Missouri. Quality. 26 NOV–5 DEC Decibel. Greenville, South Carolina.
12–21 NOV Level II Film/Non-film PQT.
17–21 DEC Non-film Level II (NAS-410),
Level I Film/Non-film (NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia. Level I, Houston, Texas. Hellier Greenville, South Carolina.
(NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia. ATS. South Central. PQT.
ATS. 3–5 DEC Radiation Safety, Anaheim, Non-film Level II Transition
16–29 NOV Level II Non-film Transition California. Hellier Pacific. (NAS-410), Greenville, South
Film Interpretation Level II, (NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia. Radiation Safety Officer Carolina. PQT.
Kerala, India. Decibel. ATS. (full 40 hours), Jacksonville,
Level I/II, Kerala, India. 3–7 DEC
Florida. PQT. Ultrasonic Testing
Decibel. Digital Detector Array Radiation Safety
Radiographer, Jacksonville, 1–3 OCT
19–21 NOV (DDA/DR) Testing Level II, Ultrasonic Thickness, Houston,
Radiography RSO, Anaheim, Cincinnati, Ohio. GE. Florida. PQT.
Radiation Safety Worker, Texas. Hellier South Central.
California. Hellier Pacific. Digital Radiography Level I,
New London, Connecticut. Jacksonville, Florida. PQT. 1–5 OCT
20–22 NOV
Hellier Northeast. 18–30 DEC Level I, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Level I Non-film Transition
Level I, San Antonio, Texas. Film Interpretation Level II, Level II, Heath, Ohio. Mistras.
(NAS-410), Atlanta, Georgia.
BRL. Kerala, India. Decibel. 2–14 OCT
ATS.
Level II, St. Louis, Missouri. Level I/II, Kerala, India. Level I/II, Kerala, India.
23–25 NOV Quality. Decibel. Decibel.
Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), Film Interpretation, Houston, 21–23 DEC Phased Array Level II, Kerala,
Bangalore, India. Trinity. Texas. Hellier South Central. Level I/II (SNT-TC-1A), India. Decibel.
26–30 NOV 4–16 DEC Bangalore, India. Trinity. Time of Flight Diffraction
Computed Radiographic Film Interpretation Level II, Level II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
21–25 JAN
Testing Level II, Cincinnati, Kerala, India. Decibel. 2–21 OCT
Computed Radiography Level I,
Ohio. GE. Level I/II, Kerala, India. Practical Level II, Kerala, India.
Greenville, South Carolina.
Computed Radiography Level I, Decibel. Decibel.
PQT.
Greenville, South Carolina.
10–14 DEC Digital Radiography Level I, 8–12 OCT
PQT.
Computed Radiography Greenville, South Carolina. Level I, Anaheim, California.
Computed Radiography
Level II, Greenville, South PQT. Hellier Pacific.
Level II, Atlanta, Georgia. ATS.
Carolina. PQT. Film, CR, DR, Non-film Level I, Level I, Houston, Texas. Hellier
Digital Radiography Level I,
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New London, Connecticut. Film Radiography Level I, Level I, Portland, Oregon. NPI.
PQT.
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PQT. Phased Array Level II, Kerala,
PQT. PQT.
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Film Radiography Level II, Non-film Level I Transition
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Greenville, South Carolina. (NAS-410), Greenville, South
Carolina. PQT. Level II, Kerala, India. Decibel.
PQT. Carolina. PQT.
Level I, St. Louis, Missouri.
Level II, San Antonio, Texas. 9–28 OCT
Quality. 27–29 JAN
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Level II, Houston, Texas. Hellier
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2–11 OCT
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College, Pennsylvania. Level II, State College,
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1–10 OCT 9–21 OCT
Inservice Inspection Corrosion API 570 Preparatory Course,
Monitoring, Kerala, India. Kerala, India. Decibel.
Decibel. Lead Auditor ISO 9001, Kerala,
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1–12 OCT
NDT Auditing Systems, Kerala,
Certified Quality Controller—
India. Decibel.
Mechanical, Kerala, India.
Welding Inspection and
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Quality Control Level I, Kerala,
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Intro to NDT, Houston, Texas. API 1169, Houston, Texas.
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4–16 DEC
16–28 OCT 1–15 NOV Certified Quality Controller—
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Kerala, India. Decibel. Kerala, India. Decibel.
Civil, Kerala, India. Decibel. Decibel.
NDT Train the Trainer, Kerala, Welding Inspection and
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Quality Control Level II, Kerala, TechKnowServ. Kerala, India. Decibel. 4–23 DEC
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16–30 OCT
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API 1169, Houston, Texas. Kerala, India. Decibel.
Piping Inspection, Kerala, Welding Inspection and
CodeWest. Lead Auditor ISO 9001, Kerala,
India. Decibel.
India. Decibel. Quality Control Level I, Kerala,
Auditing NDT Systems, India. Decibel.
Houston, Texas. Hellier South NDT Auditing Systems, Kerala, 1–10 DEC
India. Decibel. Inservice Inspection Corrosion Welding Inspection and
Central. Quality Control Level II, Kerala,
Welding Inspection and Monitoring, Kerala, India.
30 OCT–8 NOV Quality Control Level I, Kerala, Decibel. India. Decibel.
API 653, Houston, Texas. India. Decibel. 11–30 DEC
1–12 DEC
CodeWest. Welding Inspection and Concrete NDT, Kerala, India.
Certified Quality Controller—
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API 653, Houston, Texas. India. Decibel. Decibel. 12–24 DEC
CodeWest. Certified Quality Controller—
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MT Level III Refresher, New RT Level III Refresher, New
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London, Connecticut. Hellier Advanced Digital X-ray Testing
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Digital Radiography Non-film Level III, Pasadena, Texas. GE.
PT Level III Prep, Kerala, India.
Level III, Houston, Texas. 23–27 OCT ET Level III (Eddy Current),
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Hellier South Central. Houston, Texas. Kraft.
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RT Level III, Houston, Texas. Decibel. UT Level III Refresher,
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Texas. Hellier South Central. Basic Level III, Greenville,
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29 OCT–2 NOV
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10–12 OCT VT Level III, Brea, California. Decibel.
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ME FELLOWSHIP PAPER w
x
This is mainly because the nanocomposite must provide a cementitious specimens termed SEBS-CB (styrene-ethylene-
linear and accurately measurable signal with respect to a butylene-styrene/carbon black) specimens. The study builds
change in the measured state. There are fundamental chal- on the results of a preliminary investigation (Laflamme et al.
lenges that limit the cost-effective fabrication of large volumes 2015). A more extensive study is presented here to support
of conductive cementitious materials, namely: the hypothesis that SEBS can be used to accelerate percola-
l There is a tradeoff between the cost of the selected conduc- tion of cement paste filled with carbon black. Also, the fabrica-
tive filler and its conductivity. Lower-conductivity nanofillers tion procedure has been updated and validated in order to
such as carbon black particles require higher loading, which improve on the dispersion of the SEBS-CB mix. Note that the
may significantly affect the strength of the nanocomposite. work presented in this paper focuses on the application of
Conversely, higher-conductivity nanofillers such as carbon SEBS-CB to create conductive cement paste. The quantifica-
nanotubes require fewer particles, but result in a much higher tion of NDE capabilities using SEBS-based cementitious
fabrication cost. mixes is left to future work, because the performance of SEBS-
l The majority of the proposed conductive cementitious CB in concrete—including its influence on strength and dura-
materials necessitate a complex fabrication process to ensure bility—is yet to be studied. The authors also anticipate that
the homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles (Ubertini et al. the inclusion of aggregates in the mix would add a layer of
2014), which impedes scalability. This is a problem particu- complexity in the investigation, which is also left to future work.
larly associated with carbon nanotubes, which tend to spon-
taneously agglomerate in bundles due to van der waals Enhanced NDE Using Conductive Concrete
attraction forces (Lourie et al. 1998). In this work, the utilization of conductive concrete to improve
The authors have previously used carbon black particles to damage detection using eddy current-based NDE was investi-
create conductive materials (Laflamme et al. 2013) due to the gated. Two concrete specimens of dimensions 203.2 101.6
particles’ low cost and ease of dispersion (Huang 2002). It 88.9 mm3 were poured, one made conductive by adding
was found that carbon black particles are excellent candidates
in producing scalable smart materials, such as smart road
pavements. However, the required concentration level of
carbon black to achieve electrical conductivity is prohibitive
(Wen and Chung 1999; Li et al. 2006), and such a high
doping content may have detrimental effects on the material’s
physical properties. A solution is to utilize a polymer to facili-
tate the creation of conductive chains, therefore reducing the
amount of required conductive filler. For example, other
authors (Al-Saleh and Sundararaj 2008) showed that the use
of styrene-butadiene-styrene to disperse carbon black parti-
cles resulted in a 40% reduction in the percolation threshold.
Other researchers (Gubbels et al. 1994) studied the percolation (a)
in composites where polyethylene was mixed with polystyrene,
and found that carbon black was selectively distributed on the
polyethylene phase and thus led to reduced percolation thresh-
olds compared with the utilization of monophase polymers as
composites. It was also demonstrated that the use of carbon
black may improve resistance of concrete to chloride (Masadeh
2015; Thomas et al. 2016) and that up to 25% of cement in a (b)
concrete mix could be replaced with various fillers (such as
carbon black) without any detrimental effects to durability,
workability, and permeability (Chan and Wu 2000).
In this paper, the authors study the utilization of a block
copolymer, namely styrene-ethylene-utylene-styrene (SEBS),
to accelerate percolation of carbon black–filled cementitious
materials, therefore decreasing the requisite loading of filler
for the fabrication of smart cementitious materials that could (c)
be used to accelerate NDE of concrete components. The
objective was to produce a homogenous conductive mix using Figure 1. Specimens showing embedded objects: (a) photographs of
neat (left) and conductive (right) specimens; (b) digital radiograph of
a smaller amount of carbon black than what would be needed reference (neat) specimen; and (c) digital radiograph of conductive
for a neat cementitous matrix. This was done by fabricating specimen.
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carbon black particles and one neat (free from admixture). used to detect embedded steel, such as reinforcement bars
Both specimens are shown in Figure 1a. Identical items were and connections. However, the inspector would need to
placed into both specimens during the pouring process. These distinguish between these elements and possible discontinu-
included a ping-pong ball, a square piece of foam, and steel ities, for instance, by corroborating results with existing plans
washers, as shown in Figures 1b and 1c (left, middle, and or using structural engineering knowledge. Dependent on the
right, respectively). Note that these items were not selected to proximity of the structural discontinuity to the embedded
emulate realistic damages found in concrete, but instead to steel, the signal from the discontinuity may combine with the
provide insights on the performance of the proposed mix for signal from the embedded steel. If this were the case, a signal
detecting voids and conductive mediums. analysis would need to be performed in order to subtract the
A contact sliding eddy current probe was used to detect signal of the embedded steel from that of the combined signal
damage. The probe was used in both absolute and differential in order to determine the amplitude of the discontinuity
modes at a 5 kHz frequency. Figure 2 shows the results from signal. A simpler alternative is to set the threshold limit of the
the preliminary investigation. Figures 2a and 2d show photo- amplitude signal equivalent to the value of the embedded
graphs of the test setup with the probe traveling on the block steel signal. In the case where the discontinuity signal were to
from left to right. A study of the impedance planes revealed combine with the signal of the embedded steel, the threshold
that the eddy current probe positively responded to damages limit would be exceeded, and the inspector could be alerted to
in the case of the specimen doped with carbon black particles, the change in signal response. This can also help determine if
while the probe showed no response in the case of the neat the steel reinforcement has shifted or was wrongly placed
specimen. While results presented in this section are qualita- during construction.
tive in nature, they demonstrate that smart concrete could be
used to enhance NDE of concrete components. Currently, Methodology
commonly found deterioration and discontinuities in rein- SEBS-CB mixes were fabricated using SEBS (density =
forced concrete structures that can be detected by state-of- 930 kg/m3), carbon black (2% ash content and 500 ppm
the-art eddy current techniques include air voids and cracks sieve residue 45 m), portland cement type I/II, and copper
that are not visible from the surface. Eddy current can also be meshes used to form the electrodes. All the materials were left
Figure 2. Results from preliminary investigation: (a) probe on conductive specimen; (b) positive response to the ping-pong ball (conductive
specimen); (c) positive response to the washer (conductive specimen); (d) probe on control specimen; (e) negative response to the ping-pong
ball (control specimen); and (f) negative response to the washer (control specimen).
CB-Only Specimens
Figure 4 illustrates the fabrication process of a CB-only
specimen. The required levels of carbon black loadings were
weighed and mixed in a high shear mixer with the required
amount of water needed for a 0.45 water-to-cement (w/c)
ratio. Carbon black particles were mixed in water for 5 min in
a blender, and then cement was added to the carbon black–
water solution and mixed for 2 min in a commercial-grade
(b) 500 μm mixer at the highest speed. After initial mixing, 6 ml of plasti-
cizer was added and hand mixed. Specimens were then cast in
molds of dimensions 5.1 5.1 5.1 cm3 and vibrated/
Figure 3. Carbon black particles: (a) before ball milling; and (b) after compacted to eliminate air voids. Two sets of copper mesh
24 h of ball milling.
Water Cement
Carbon
black particles
Plasticizer
3. Mix plasticizer
(hand mix)
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TABLE 1
Carbon black (CB)–only specimens
Specimen type (#) Water (ml) CB (g) Cement (g) %CB (volume %)
1 293 0 651 0
2 292 1.65 649 0.18
3 291 3.30 647 0.36
4 290 5.00 645 0.54
5 289 6.65 643 0.71
6 286 9.00 630 0.96
7 286 12.0 630 1.25
8 286 15.0 630 1.60
electrodes were inserted in each poured specimen. The speci- while the w/c ratio remained constant for each specimen,
mens were covered with a damp cloth and allowed to cure additional water was needed due to water absorption by
overnight before being demolded and placed in a curing room carbon black particles.
at 100% relative humidity and 22 °C for seven days. The spec-
imens were then air cured for four days to let water evaporate. SEBS-CB Specimens
Figure 4 (step 6) shows a completed CB-only specimen. Figure 5 illustrates the fabrication process of an SEBS-CB
Table 1 lists all the different CB-only specimen types. specimen. The SEBS polymer was first dissolved in toluene in
Mixes were designed for constant volumes of 164 cm3 to the ratio of 60 g of SEBS per 500 ml of toluene. The amount
produce 25% extra material. Three specimens per type were of SEBS used in the fabrication of SEBS-CB specimens was
fabricated and tested, for a total of 24 specimens. Note that governed by the quantity of carbon black to be added to
Cement
SEBS Water
copolymer
Carbon
black particles
Toluene
Sodium lauryl
sulphate
Conductive paint
4. Mix conductive paint
(high shear mixing)
TABLE 2
Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene carbon black (SEBS-CB) specimens
Specimen type (#) Water (ml) CB (g) SEBS (ml) Cement (g) %CB (volume %)
1 261 0 15 585.9 0
2 261 1.65 15 585.9 0.18
3 261 3.30 15 585.9 0.36
4 261 5.00 15 585.9 0.54
5 261 6.65 15 585.9 0.71
6 234 9.00 30 519.8 0.96
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Figure 6. Thermal images of: (a) electrically unloaded specimen (typical); (b) electrically loaded specimen (1.60% CB-only); (c) electrically
loaded specimen (0.71% SEBS-CB); and (d) electrically loaded specimen with bad carbon black dispersion.
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ensure that the SEBS solution would not be saturated by loading, measured using an inductance-capacitance-resistance
carbon black particles. A mass of 3.41 g of SEBS was used for (LCR) bridge at 100 kHz. These measurements were used to
carbon black loadings up to 0.71% volume, while a mass of obtain the percolation curves. The resistance was also
11.37 g of SEBS was used for carbon black loadings greater measured to determine the specimens’ sensitivity with respect
than 0.71% volume to prevent saturation of carbon black to strain to verify and compare the electrical properties of
within the SEBS solution. Carbon black particles were added specimens as a function of the carbon black loading. Strain
to the SEBS solution in the desired loading amount before the was applied on each specimen using a universal testing
mixture was mixed at high shear for 3 min. A neat cement machine type (50 kN capacity), and loaded in steps of 40 μ
paste mix was prepared by combining cement and water at a at a rate of 0.0127 mm/s up to 400 μ, and then unloaded
0.45 w/c ratio mixed for 2 min in a commercial-grade mixer at using the same steps and rate. Figure 7 shows the strain test
the highest speed. After, the SEBS-CB conductive paint was configuration.
incorporated in the neat cement paste with 0.1 g of sodium
lauryl sulphate per 131 cm3 of materials (volume of one
specimen), which is a surfactant used to disperse the petro-
leum-based conductive paint with water, and mixed for two
additional minutes in the commercial-grade mixer. The speci-
mens were then poured into molds of dimensions 5.1 5.1
5.1 cm3 and vibrated/compacted to eliminate air voids. Two
sets of copper mesh electrodes were inserted in each poured
specimen. The specimens were covered with a damp cloth
and allowed to cure overnight before being demoulded and
placed in a curing room at 100% relative humidity and 22 °C
for seven days. The specimens were air cured for four days to
develop polymer microstructure and to let water evaporate.
Figure 5 (step 7) shows a completed SEBS-CB specimen.
Table 2 lists all the different SEBS-CB specimen types.
Three specimens per type were fabricated and tested, for a
total of 18 specimens. Only loadings up to 0.96% carbon
black were considered, because it was found that specimens
with 1.25% carbon black loadings and beyond were difficult to
fabricate due to the poor workability of the mix, resulting in
(a)
heterogeneous dispersions.
Measurements
The quality of dispersion in each specimen was inspected
using a thermal imaging camera that captured images at
approximately 1 Hz. Specimens were loaded with an alter-
nating current voltage of 60 V. Thermal images were used to
visually assess the distribution of carbon black particles, which
appeared in the images as bright pigments. Figure 6 shows
thermal images of typical specimens. Figure 6a is an electri-
cally unloaded specimen, where the cementitious block shows
as a black cube. Figures 6b and 6c are examples of well-
dispersed specimens containing high levels of carbon black
particles. Figure 6d shows an example of a badly dispersed
specimen for which the carbon black particles sank and
agglomerated at the bottom. Any specimen identified as badly
dispersed was discarded and refabricated. Note that it is antic-
ipated that a proper fabrication methodology for creating
large-scale SEBS-CB cementitious components would be (b)
developed prior to field deployment, where on-site quality
control would not be necessary. Figure 7. Experimental configuration: (a) cementitious specimen
The resistance of each specimen was measured to deter- installed in the universal testing machine; and (b) a close-up of the
mine the change of resistivity as a function of the carbon black cementitious specimens.
Resistivity, ρ (Ω⋅cm)
electrodes), provoking a change in the electrode distance L.
The specimen can be modeled as a resistor of resistance R:
104
L
(1) R=ρ
A
where
is the resistivity of the material, and
A = d w is the cross-sectional area of the electrodes
103
embedded over a depth d and width w.
0 0.5 1 1.5
Assuming small strain, taking the finite difference of Carbon black %
Equation 1 yields:
ΔR Δρ ΔL ΔA Δρ Figure 8. Resistivity
versus carbon black percentage for CB-only and
(2) = + − = + (1 + 2v) ε SEBS-CB specimens.
R ρ L A ρ
with percolation to approximately 7100
·cm after percolation,
while the average resistivity of CB-only specimens drops from
ΔL
(3) ε= approximately 21 000
·cm before percolation to approxi-
L mately 950
·cm after percolation. Thus, percolated SEBS-
where CB specimens exhibit a resistivity,
, that is approximately
ν is the Poisson’s ratio of the material, and 67% of the unpercolated CB-only specimens, but approxi-
is the axial strain. mately 7.5 higher than the percolated CB-only specimens.
This apparent vertical shift in the percolation curve is due to
Using Equation 2, an expression for the gauge factor can the insulating nature of the polymer.
be obtained by Equation 4:
⎛ Δρ ⎞ Strain Sensitivity
⎛ ΔR ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ The results of the strain sensitivity tests are plotted in
(4) ⎝ R ⎠ ⎝ ρ ⎠
λ= = (1 + 2v ) + Figures 9 (SEBS-CB specimens) and 10 (CB-only
ε ε
specimens). The slope of the linear fit is the gauge factor
The first term in Equation 4 represents the change in
resistance due to the change in the specimen’s geometry,
while the second term represents the piezoresistive effect. 0
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yielding Equation 1 becomes weak. The modeling of the
0 nonlinearities in the SEBS-CB specimens is left to future
work. The reader interested in the effects of aggregates on the
linearity of cementitious sensors is referred to other work
–1
(D’Alessandro et al. 2015a).
Resistance, Δ R/R (%)
–2 Conclusion
In this paper, the authors have investigated a novel cementi-
–3 tious composite mix that could be used for accelerating NDE
of large-scale cementitious components, such as airport pave-
CB 0.54%
ments, nuclear confinement structures, and critical concrete
–4 CB 0.71% components such as specialized connections and retrofits.
CB 0.96%
CB 1.25%
Preliminary results demonstrated that utilizing a smart
–5 concrete substantially facilitated eddy current–based inspec-
0 100 200 300 400 tions because of the electrically conductive nature of the mix.
Strain (με) While such a mix utilized carbon black filler to provide an
inexpensive solution that would also be easy to produce at
Figure 10. Percentage change in resistance versus carbon black
large scales, the amount of carbon black required for the
loading for CB-only specimens. material to electrically percolate is high and could lead to a
decrease in the material’s mechanical properties. The authors
proposed to utilize a block copolymer, SEBS, to facilitate the
(Equation 4). The gauge factor results are assembled in creation of a conductive chain in the composite, therefore
Table 3. The optimal gauge factor for CB-only is obtained at decreasing the requisite amount of carbon black particles
0.96% carbon black, while the optimal gauge factor for SEBS- necessary to achieve electrical percolation.
CB is obtained at 0.54% carbon black loading. These results Several carbon black–based specimens were fabricated,
agree with those from the percolation threshold study some containing SEBS (SEBS-CB specimens) and others
discussed in the last subsection. However, the optimal gauge without (CB-only specimens). The electrical resistance of
factor for the SEBS-CB specimens is significantly lower than each specimen was measured, and the resistivity computed
that of the CB-only specimens, which yielded a gauge factor and plotted versus the carbon black loading to obtain percola-
4.7 higher ( = 178 for CB-only versus = 38 for SEBS- tion curves. A comparison of the percolation curves showed
CB). Note that the gauge factors drop significantly after that the utilization of SEBS resulted in a reduction of the
percolation, which is attributed to the loss of the piezoresis- percolation threshold by approximately 50%, yet yielding
tive effect (Equation 4). percolated specimens that were 7.5 more resistive than the
A closer inspection of results shows that the strain sensi- percolated CB-only specimens, but with a gain of 67% on the
tivity of CB-only specimens exhibit a good linearity, except for resistivity of unpercolated CB-only specimens. This decrease
the 0.96% loading at low levels of strain. Such nonlinearity in electrical performance is attributed to the insulating nature
can be attributed to the piezoresistive effect being more of SEBS. A study on the strain sensitivity of the composites
important at low strain levels around the percolation showed that a concentration of 0.54% of carbon black
threshold. On the other hand, the SEBS-CB specimens resulted in an optimal gauge factor of 38 for SEBS-CB speci-
exhibit higher levels of nonlinearities. This electrical behavior mens, while this concentration was 0.86% for CB-only speci-
could be partly attributed to the piezoresistive effect, and mens, yet yielding a gauge factor of 178. These results
more importantly to the presence of the polymer that results confirmed the location of the percolation thresholds from the
in a nonnegligible capacitance, whereas the assumption study of the percolation curves. However, the optimal gauge
factor of the CB-only specimens was higher than that of the
SEBS-CB specimens by a factor of 4.7. An investigation of the
TABLE 3
Experimental gauge factors linearity of the specimens showed that SEBS-CB specimens
were significantly nonlinear compared with CB-only. This
Carbon black % SEBS-CB CB-only
behavior was attributed to the piezoresistive effect at low
0.18 25.8 –
0.36 30.8 –
levels of strain and the nonnegligible participation of the
0.54 38 47.3
material’s capacitance.
0.71 17.7 82.5 Empowering NDE using smart concrete has substantial
0.96 – 178 potential benefits, including the detection of discontinuities
1.25 – 17 located inside a superstructure, which are currently difficult to
evaluate using existing NDE techniques; the acceleration of
the NDE process by enabling the collection of data at a faster Huang, J.-C., 2002, “Carbon Black Filled Conducting Polymers and
Polymer Blends,” Advances in Polymer Technology, Vol. 21, No. 4,
rate; and the possibility to use the smart concrete as a distrib- pp. 299–313.
uted specimen network providing static and/or dynamic International Atomic Energy Agency, 2002, Guidebook on Non-destructive
feedback. Overall, these results show the promise of utilizing Testing of Concrete Structures, IAEA-TCS-17, Training Course Series
carbon black particles for fabricating conductive concrete, No. 17, Vienna, Austria.
which could enable eddy current-based NDE for detecting Laflamme, S., I. Pinto, H.S. Saleem, M. Elkashef, K. Wang, and E. Cochran,
2015, “Conductive Paint-filled Cement Paste Sensor for Accelerated
discontinuities in concrete as preliminarily demonstrated. Percolation,” SPIE Proceedings Volume 9437, Structural Health Monitoring
While the overall electromechanical properties of SEBS-CB and Inspection of Advanced Materials, Aerospace, and Civil Infrastructure
specimens were found to be inferior to those of CB-only spec- 2015, 943722, doi: 10.1117/12.2084408.
imens, the utilization of smaller concentrations of carbon Laflamme, S., H.S. Saleem, B.K. Vasan, R.L. Geiger, D. Chen, M.R. Kessler,
and K. Rajan, 2013, “Soft Elastomeric Capacitor Network for Strain
black particles could lead to significantly enhanced mechan- Sensing over Large Surfaces,” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,
ical properties. The quantification of such benefits with Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 1647–1654.
respect to traditional concrete admixtures, if any, is yet to be Li, H., H.-G. Xiao, and J.-P. Ou, 2006, “Effect of Compressive Strain on
studied. Future work includes the study of such mechanical Electrical Resistivity of Carbon Black-Filled Cement-Based Composites,”
Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 28, No. 9, pp. 824–828.
properties, the performance of SEBS-CB in concrete, and
Lourie, O., D.M. Cox, and H.D. Wagner, 1998, “Buckling and Collapse of
quantifying the enhancement of NDE in SEBS-based conduc- Embedded Carbon Nanotubes,” Physical Review Letters, Vol. 81, No. 8,
tive concrete. p. 1638.
Masadeh, S., 2015, “The Effect of Added Carbon Black to Concrete Mix on
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Corrosion of Steel in Concrete,” Journal of Minerals and Materials Charac-
The work presented in this paper was funded by a Fellowship Award from terization and Engineering, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 271–276.
the American Society for Nondestructive Testing, whose support is grate- Materazzi, A.L., F. Ubertini, and A. D’Alessandro, 2013, “Carbon
fully acknowledged. Nanotube Cement-based Transducers for Dynamic Sensing of Strain,”
Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 37, No.1, pp. 2–11.
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Al-Saleh, M.H., and U. Sundararaj, 2008, “An Innovative Method to Diffusion, and Permeability of Portland Cement-Based Mortars,” Cement
Reduce Percolation Threshold of Carbon Black Filled Immiscible Polymer and Concrete Research, Vol. 30, No. 9, pp. 1395–1400.
Blends,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, Vol. 39, Thomas, B.S., R.C. Gupta, and V.J. Panicker, 2016, “Recycling of Waste
No. 2, pp. 284–293. Tire Rubber as Aggregate in Concrete: Durability-Related Performance,”
Chan, W.W.J., and C.M.L. Wu, 2000, “Durability of Concrete with High Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 112, pp. 504–513.
Cement Replacement,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 30, No. 6, Ubertini, F., A.L. Materazzi, A. D’Alessandro, and S. Laflamme, 2014,
pp. 865–879. “Natural Frequencies Identification of a Reinforced Concrete Beam using
D’Alessandro, A., M. Rallini, F. Ubertini, A. Materazzi, J. Kenny, and S. Carbon Nanotube Cement-based Sensors,” Engineering Structures, Vol. 60,
Laflamme, 2015a, “A Comparative Study between Carbon Nanotubes pp. 265–275.
and Carbon Nanofibers as Nanoinclusions in Self-sensing Concrete,” Tumidajski, P.J., P. Xie, M. Arnott, and J.J. Beaudoin, 2003, “Overlay
Proceedings of 2015 IEEE 15th International Conference on Nanotechnology, Current in a Conductive Concrete Snow Melting System,” Cement and
27–30 July 2015, Rome, Italy, pp. 698–701. Concrete Research, Vol. 33, No. 11, pp. 1807–1809.
D’Alessandro, A., F. Ubertini, S. Laflamme, and A.L. Materazzi, 2015b, Wen, S., and D.D.L. Chung, 1999, “Piezoresistivity in Continuous Carbon
“Towards Smart Concrete for Smart Cities: Recent Results and Future Fiber Cement-Matrix Composite,” Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 29,
Application of Strain-sensing Nanocomposites,” Journal of Smart Cities, No. 3, pp. 445–449.
Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 3–14. Wu, S., L. Mo, Z. Shui, and Z. Chen, 2005, “Investigation of the Conduc-
Galao, O., F. Baeza, E. Zornoza, and P. Garcés, 2014, “Strain and Damage tivity of Asphalt Concrete Containing Conductive Fillers,” Carbon, Vol. 43,
Sensing Properties on Multifunctional Cement Composites with CNF No. 7, pp. 1358–1363.
Admixture,” Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 46, pp. 90–98. Yehia, S.A., and C.Y. Tuan, 2000, “Thin Conductive Concrete Overlay for
Gubbels, F., R. Jérôme, P. Teyssié, E. Vanlathem, R. Deltour, A. Calderone, Bridge Deck Deicing and Anti-icing,” Transportation Research Record:
V. Parenté, and J.-L. Brédas, 1994, “Selective Localization of Carbon Black Journal of the Transportation Research Board, Vol. 1698, No. 1, pp. 45–53.
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ME FELLOWSHIP PAPER w
x
skin increases, the minimum detectable crack length increases noise, the observation model for the ERT measurement is
(Rashetnia et al. 2017b). In other words, there is a loss of written as
“resolution” with increasing the size of sensing skin
(Rashetnia et al. 2017b). In the present paper, the authors (6) V = U (σ ) + n
propose the use of internal electrodes to overcome this loss of
sensitivity. We apply a sensing skin equipped with internal where
electrodes to a full-scale 4.5 m 1.0 m 0.3 m reinforced V RM is a vector of measured electrode potentials,
concrete beam and then monitor the cracking of the beam U is the FEM-based mapping between spatially discretized
under four-point bending. conductivity RN and the electrode potentials, and
n RM is the measurement noise.
Electrical Resistance Tomography
In ERT, a set of electrodes are installed on the boundary of an Here, M denotes the total number of potential measure-
object (target). These electrodes are used for pairwise current ments, and N is the number of discrete conductivity values.
injections, and potential measurements corresponding to each To solve the ERT inverse problem, multiple techniques
of the current injections. These measurements are then used have been developed. Among those is difference imaging,
to reconstruct the conductivity distribution within the target. where the change of a time-varying conductivity within the
The reconstruction of spatial conductivity distribution in target is estimated on the basis of the difference in ERT meas-
ERT is an inverse problem. urements before and after the change. The difference imaging,
The most accurate known forward model associated with therefore, utilizes both the reference measurements, Vref, on
the ERT inverse problem is the complete electrode model sensing skin (before cracking), ref, and the measurements
(CEM), which consists of a partial differential equation after cracking, V, over the sensing skin, fin.
(Cheng et al. 1989; Somersalo et al. 1992): For ERT measurements modeled by Equation 6, an
approximate linearized observation model for the difference
(1) ∇. (σ∇u) = 0, x ∈ Ω data V = V – Vref is written as:
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0.90 m 1.80 m 0.90 m
2∅25
0.90 m
3∅25
3∅25
6∅25 0.30 m
3.60 m
4.40 m
Figure 1. Schematic illustration of reinforcement details and dimensions of the reinforced concrete beam that was instrumented with sensing skin.
Concrete beam
Steel support
1.00 m
Pin 4.40 m Roller
Concrete Concrete
floor floor
(a) (b)
Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the test setup: (a) elevation; (b) cross-section.
loading point). At each loading point, the load was trans- measurement, 3.0 mA DC electrical current was used. The
ferred to the concrete beam through a steel I-beam. Figure resolution of the potential measurement was 1 10–8 V. All
2 shows the schematic view of test setup in elevation and its ERT computations were carried out using electrical imped-
cross section. A photograph of the test setup is shown in ance tomography and diffuse tomography reconstruction
Figure 3. (Adler and Lionheart 2006; Vauhkonen et al. 2001).
Two load cells were used to measure the applied load The sensing skin was made of commercially available elec-
from the hydraulic jacks to the loading beam. String poten- trically conductive copper paint. The paint was applied to the
tiometers were used to measure the vertical deflection of the surfaces of the reinforced concrete beam by hand spraying;
beam specimen at the midspan. The load was applied monot- measures were taken to apply the paint as uniformly as
onically to the beam in 45 kN increments. At each load incre- possible. A total of 60 electrodes, made of copper foil, were
ment, ERT measurements were performed on the sensing used in this work (with a rectangular shape of 0.64 cm
skin. 1.0 cm). Fifty-six electrodes were installed at the boundaries
The ERT measurements were carried out using an equip- of the sensing skin, and four internal electrodes were used.
ment set described by other authors (Hallaji 2014). In all Similar to the boundary electrodes, the internal electrodes
Figure 3. Photograph of the reinforced concrete beam instrumented with sensing skin.
were made of copper foil and were surface mounted and the Results
wires were externally routed (Figure 3). The internal elec- Figure 4 shows a plot of an applied load to the reinforced
trodes were located on the centerline of the beam in a vertical concrete beam versus the midspan deflection of the beam.
direction and were equally spaced in the horizontal direction. The five load increments at which ERT measurements were
The location and the number of internal electrodes were performed are shown on the graph. The results corresponding
decided based on the computational experiments and findings to the five load levels of 180 kN, 404 kN, 580 kN, 713 kN,
reported in previous work (Rashetnia 2017a). and 800 kN are reported in Figures 5, 6, and 7. For each step,
a photograph of the sensing skin is shown in Figure 5, where
the cracks are highlighted in black to aid visualization. The
corresponding ERT reconstruction for each load level is
shown in Figure 6. Figure 7 presents corresponding ERT
1000 reconstructions to each stage of loading without the use of
internal electrodes.
Level 5: 800 kN
800 Figure 5a shows a photograph of the beam at load level 1
Level 4: 713 kN (180 kN). At this load level, no cracking was visually
Shear (kN)
600 Level 3: 580 kN observed. The ERT reconstruction presented in Figure 6a did
not reveal any cracking, while slight changes in conductivity
400 Level 2: 404 kN
are detected. While these conductivity changes may be caused
Level 1: 180 kN by the mechanical strain of the sensing skin, the value of the
200
strain cannot be quantitatively inferred from the results due to
the inherent qualitative nature of the difference imaging and
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 the lack of a quantitative relationship between conductivity
Midspan deflection (mm) change and strain for the sensing skin. Similarly, the sensing
skin without internal electrodes (Figure 7a) does not reveal
Figure 4. Load versus midspan displacement graph of the reinforced any cracking pattern.
concrete beam and the five load levels at which electrical resistance Figures 5b, 6b, and 7b show photographs and ERT recon-
tomography measurements were performed. structions of the sensing skin at load level 2 (404 kN). At this
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Figure 5. Photographs of the sensing skin with highlighted cracks at the different load levels shown in Figure 4: (a) 180 kN; (b) 404 kN;
(c) 580 kN; (d) 713 kN; and (e) 800 kN.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
56 23 Δσ
0
55 24
57 58 59 60 —0.005
54 25
53 26 —0.01
52 27
—0.015
(a) 51 28
50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 —0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
56 23 Δσ 0
55 24
57 58 59 60 —0.005
54 25
53 26 —0.01
52 27 —0.015
(b) 51 28 —0.02
50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
56 23 Δσ 0
55 24
57 58 59 60 —0.005
54 25
53 26 —0.01
52 27 —0.015
(c) 51 28 —0.02
50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
56 23 Δσ
0
55 24
57 58 59 60 —0.005
54 25
53 26 —0.01
52 27 —0.015
(d) 51 28
50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 —0.02
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
56 23 Δσ
0
55 24
57 58 59 60 —0.005
54 25
53 26 —0.01
52 27 —0.015
(e) 51 28
50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 —0.02
Figure 6. Electrical resistance tomography reconstruction sensing skin (difference imaging) at different load levels: (a) 180 kN; (b) 404 kN;
(c) 580 kN; (d) 713 kN; and (e) 800 kN. The reconstructions correspond to the photographs shown in Figure 5.
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Δσ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0
56 23
55 24 —0.005
54 25
—0.01
53 26
52 27 —0.015
(a) 51 28
50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 —0.02
Δσ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0
56 23
55 24 —0.005
54 25 —0.01
53 26
52 27 —0.015
(b) 51 28 —0.02
50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29
Δσ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0
56 23
55 24 —0.005
54 25 —0.01
53 26
52 27 —0.015
(c) 51 28 —0.02
50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29
Δσ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0
56 23
55 24 —0.005
54 25
—0.01
53 26
52 27 —0.015
(d) 51 28
50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 —0.02
Δσ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0
56 23
55 24 —0.005
54 25
—0.01
53 26
52 27 —0.015
(e) 51 28
50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 —0.02
Figure 7. Electrical resistance tomography reconstruction sensing skin without internal electrodes (difference imaging) at different load levels:
(a) 180 kN; (b) 404 kN; (c) 580 kN; (d) 713 kN; and (e) 800 kN. The reconstructions correspond to the photographs shown in Figure 5.
stage, two large diagonal cracks and a number of flexural significantly increases the computational cost, especially due
cracks were observed (Figure 5b). It should be noted that the to the presence of internal electrodes.
cracks are highlighted in the photograph but the width of To the best of our assessment, the largest sensing skin
cracks at this stage was less than 100 μm and could be reported in literature prior to the present work had a total area
observed only by very close visual examination. The ERT of approximately 1000 cm2, or 0.10 m2 (Hallaji et al. 2014).
reconstructions of the sensing skin at this stage (Figure 6b) The sensing skin presented herein has a total area of 3.96 m2,
show a very slight electrical conductivity decrease at the loca- improving approximately 40 fold and making sensing skin a
tions corresponding to those of the diagonal cracks. The practical solution for full-scale monitoring of structural
sensing skin without internal electrodes was not able to detect elements. The sensing skin technology is also low-cost; this
any changes of conductivity (Figure 7b). makes it an attractive technology for practical applications.
In load level 3 (580 kN), Figures 5c shows the same The authors would like to also add that in the presence of
cracking pattern as load level 2 with a negligible propagation sufficient information about the most probable location of
of flexural cracks. However, the cracks were wider at this load damage, it may be feasible to use several small sensing skins to
level. The ERT reconstruction in Figure 6c shows a larger detect damage instead of using one large sensing skin.
reduction in conductivity in the cracked regions of the beam However, in the absence of such information, the use of
as compared to the reconstruction of load level 2 (Figure 6b). multiple sensing skins will not be a successful strategy; the
At this stage, diagonal cracking and flexural cracks were latter approach also results in instrumentation and measure-
observed more clearly than the previous load level. However, ment difficulties.
Figure 7c shows that the sensing skin without internal elec- Despite the difficulties and the computational costs of
trodes still does not detect any electrical conductivity changes quantitative imaging, the authors believe that quantitative
over the beam. imaging is the most appropriate approach. Quantitative
With further increases to 713 kN and 800 kN in load imaging will also enable early detection of cracking, which
levels 4 and 5, respectively, the density of flexural cracks at the was not feasible in the present work with the use of qualitative
bottom fiber of the beam increases and diagonal shear cracks imaging. The computational effort in this study was
widen (Figures 5d and 5e). The corresponding ERT recon- performed using the high-performance computing facilities at
structions in Figures 6c and 6d also more clearly capture the NC State (with an estimated 512 GB of RAM and 32 cores of
diagonal shear cracks as well as the flexural cracks. Figures 7d CPU) and our reconstructions took several days. The
and 7e suggest that the sensing skin with no internal elec- research team is currently working toward improving the
trodes still does not detect cracks. It only detected slight resolution of the sensing skin by employing more sophisti-
changes of electrical conductivity over the widest region of cated computational methods.
diagonal cracking.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Discussion and Concluding Remarks The first author was supported by the 2015 American Society for Nonde-
structive Testing (ASNT) Fellowship Award, which is greatly acknowl-
In the present work we have used internal electrodes to edged. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations
address the loss of sensitivity of sensing skin with increasing expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily
size and have shown the feasibility of extending sensing skin reflect the views of ASNT.
to large full-scale sizes. The preliminary results presented
REFERENCES
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Strength of Deep Reinforced Concrete Beams,” ACI Structural Journal,
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Seppänen et al. 2017) have shown that other reconstruction Kostopoulos, 2012, “Damage Identification in Carbon Fiber Reinforced
techniques such as absolute imaging with total variation regu- Polymer Plates using Electrical Resistance Tomography Mapping,” Journal
of Composite Materials, Vol. 47, No. 26, doi: 10.1177/0021998312464079.
larization, which preserves sharp variations of conductivity,
Cheng, K.S., D. Isaacson, J.C. Newell, and D.G. Gisser, 1989, “Electrode
result in quantitative estimation of conductivity change and a Models for Electric Current Computed Tomography,” IEEE Transactions
better localization of cracks, the computational cost of such on Biomedical Engineering, Vol. 36, No. 9, pp. 918–924.
techniques for the sensing skin presented in this work can be Glisic, B., and D. Inaudi, 2008, Fiber Optic Methods for Structural Health
prohibitive due to the size of the sensing skin. Especially, the Monitoring, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ.
significant relative size difference between the electrodes and Hallaji, M., 2014, “Monitoring Damage and Unsaturated Moisture Flow in
Concrete with Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT),” Ph.D. thesis,
the sensing skin necessitates the use of fine finite element North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
mesh, at least in the vicinity of the electrodes, which in turn
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ABSTRACT Introduction
In order to achieve accurate and automatic With excellent mechanical properties of low density, high
detection of the internal discontinuities in stability with size, good damping performance, and easy
processing, AZ80 wrought magnesium alloy is widely used in
magnesium alloy cartridges with variable thick- the aerospace, automotive, and military industries (Zhen et al.
nesses and curvatures, a robot-based automatic 2015; Jiang et al. 2015; Li et al. 2010). For example, the AZ80
ultrasonic detection system is designed. Kinematic magnesium alloy cartridge used in missiles is 20% to 25%
equations are used to develop a scanning path lighter than aluminum alloy without a decrease in strength.
However, there tend to be internal discontinuities such as
compensation algorithm for the ultrasonic trans- inclusions, cracks, and high-density segregation present in the
ducer. When combined with the theoretical drift AZ80 wrought magnesium alloy, which are introduced during
model to analyze the eccentric error of the the manufacturing process of extrusion and forging. These
magnesium alloy, the algorithm can effectively discontinuities can potentially affect the overall performance
and service security of the missile. Thus, it is necessary to test
reduce the negative effect of clamping eccentricity for internal discontinuities before AZ80 magnesium alloy
errors on ultrasonic echo signals. Ultrasonic C-scan cartridges are put into service.
experiments are conducted to quantitatively At present, industrial computed tomography technology is
evaluate artificial discontinuities in magnesium a good nondestructive technique for testing complex compo-
nents, but there are drawbacks, such as high cost and low effi-
alloy missile cartridges. The experimental results ciency. Radiographic testing (RT) is not only difficult to use
show that the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal due to the complex structure of the cartridges, but also has the
after path compensation can be increased by 6%, problems of high labor intensity and low testing efficiency.
and the relative errors between the measured Ultrasonic testing (UT) can be used as an effective means of
testing missile cartridges because of its adaptability and low
value and the theoretical value of the discontinuity cost (Meksen et al. 2010; Mayer et al. 2008; Lee et al. 2007).
size are no more than 5%. The technique can An ultrasonic multi-axis testing system with a portal frame
provide an effective tool for accurately evaluating is commonly applied for automatically evaluating internal
rotary components such as AZ80 magnesium alloy discontinuities (Li et al. 2010), but it cannot perform a full-
coverage scan of the magnesium alloy cartridge, which is a rotary
cartridges. component with variable curvature and thickness. Moreover, the
KEYWORDS: AZ80 magnesium alloy cartridge, testing efficiency and surface tracking accuracy are both low.
automatic detection, ultrasonic test, eccentric Eccentricity errors are probable in actual practice for many
error, error correction possible reasons, such as an alignment error between the three-
jaw chuck center and orbital center, the gap between the jaw slot
and the chuck housing, and/or the operator’s improper installa-
* Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track (Central South University), tion (Alquraan et al. 2016). In these cases, the abnormal rotation
Ministry of Education; 22 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan, mode will affect the ultrasonic signal and the C-scan image,
China
† Inner Mongolia Metallic Materials Research Institute, No. 199 Lingyun which results in a reduction in accuracy.
Road Ningbo, Zhejiang, China; +86 (0574) 87902279; There are few studies on the compensation of eccentric
nipeijun@vip.sina.com clamping in ultrasonic testing, but there is much research in
‡ Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track (Central South University),
Ministry of Education; 22 South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, Hunan, the field of roundness tests and machine tool manufacturing.
China; +86 (0731) 82655315; fengyuan95@csu.edu.cn Other authors (Liu et al. 2004) designed a four-degree-of-
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freedom microstage that automatically compensates for the speed data acquisition card. The setup is based on the testing
X- and Y-axes eccentricity with two-translational displace- system used by other researchers (Morozov et al. 2016).
ment and two-rotational displacement. The microstage can The magnesium alloy cartridge can be clamped in a three-jaw
effectively compensate for the eccentricity, but the microstage chuck on a turntable driven by the servomotor. At the same
is difficult to design and manufacture. Other research (Tu time, the ultrasonic transducer can move with the industrial
et al. 2011) proposes an algorithm to estimate the eccentric robot along the cartridge’s outline when the turntable rotates.
error based on the ultrasonic detection data, and then corrects The transducer should be perpendicular to the surface of the
the eccentric image of the cased hole. The algorithm can cartridge to guarantee the quality of ultrasonic signals. During
correct the image easily and effectively, but it cannot obtain this process, the ultrasonic signal is acquired in real time when
the accurate ultrasonic signal. Other authors (Reinl et al. the transducer reaches every testing point; the spiral path can be
2011) presents a model-based offline concept to analyze, planned for ultrasonic scanning of the magnesium alloy cartridge
predict, and compensate the path deviation of the robot, but (Li et al. 2014). Furthermore, in order to ensure that the position
this concept is suitable only for machining applications and and posture of the ultrasonic transducer is always aligned with the
does not work for ultrasonic testing. cartridge surface during the testing, the kinematic equation
In this paper, dealing with the structural feature of magne- can be established according to the Denavit-Hartenberg
sium alloy cartridges and their evaluation difficulty, a 7-DOF parameters to plan the ultrasonic scanning path (Husty et al.
(degrees of freedom) ultrasonic automatic testing system with 2007; Yu et al. 2003; Singh et al. 2017; Wang et al. 2005).
high accuracy and efficiency is investigated. At the same time,
an eccentricity error recognition algorithm based on water Eccentricity Error Identification
paths is developed to correct the ultrasonic scanning path, so In order to obtain the clamping eccentricity error, the mathe-
the negative effect of the clamping eccentricity on the ultra- matical model is established as follows. In Figure 2, the coor-
sonic testing of the cartridge can be mostly reduced. dinate origin O denotes the center of the turntable; r and 0
are the offset and the initial angle of the cartridge at the initial
Ultrasonic Testing System position, respectively; and the center of the cartridge is
The automatic ultrasonic testing system used on the magne- Oc(x0,y0). The center of the ultrasonic transducer’s chip is
sium alloy cartridge is shown in Figure 1. It is composed of an fixed in the position of T(XT,0), lw is the water path, and R is
ultrasonic transducer, water tank, water circulation system, the outer radius of the cartridge at any height.
industrial robot, robot controller, independent rotary table, When the cartridge rotates on the turntable at the
servo drive, industrial personal computer with peripheral constant speed , the ultrasonic transducer should be kept
component interconnect bus motor controller, and high- stationary. Then the value of lw at each testing point can be
acquired according to the principle of ultrasonic distance
measuring. When there is an eccentric error, the center of the
cartridge Oc(x0,y0) will rotate around the center of turntable,
Motion and the value of lw will vary periodically.
control card Industrial Robot
Acquisition PC controller
trigger card
Robot arm
Y
trigger Pulser/
receiver
trigger receive
lw
Ultrasonic ϕ0
Driver transducer X
O r R P T
Water
tank Oc(x0, y0)
Transducer
Cartridge
Independent
rotation axis
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the automatic ultrasonic testing system. Figure 2. Diagram of the eccentric error when the cartridge is clamped.
The center of the cartridge can be expressed as interval of one degree. In this way, the A-wave signal of the 360
⎧⎪ x = r cos (ωt + ϕ ) circumferential points of the cartridge can be obtained. The first
0 0
(1) ⎨ time point of the A-wave signal is taken as the time point of the
⎩⎪ y0 = r sin (ωt + ϕ 0 ) transmitting time, and the time point that corresponds to the
peak of the front wall wave is taken as the receiving time; see
where Figure 3 (Cong and Gang 2012; D’Orazio et al. 2008). Ulti-
r is the distance between O and Oc and mately, the water path of the circular point can be expressed as
0 is the angle between OOc and the X-axis.
1
(5) lw = Δt × c w
2
Suppose the dynamic circle intersects the X-axis at point
P(xP,0), whose abscissa varies with the time, which can be where
expressed as cw is the sound velocity in water and
t is the time of the front wall wave.
(2) xP = x0 + R 2 − y02
The lw of 360 sampling points can be calculated according
where to Equation 5; thus, the actual deviation and initial angle can
R is the radius of the workpiece. be identified by the least squares fitting of curve to the theo-
retical model.
The relationship between the water path and its abscissa is
Eccentricity Error Correction
(3) lw = xT − xP The scanning path of the transducer can be corrected as
follows: first, the three reference coordinate systems, namely
Substituting Equations 1 and 2 into Equation 3, it can be the world coordinate system O1x1y1, the turntable coordinate
simplified into system O2x2y2, and the workpiece coordinate system O3x3y3,
are defined in Figure 4. The origin of the coordinate system
(4) lw = xT − r cos (ωt + ϕ 0 ) − R 2 − r 2 sin 2 (ωt + ϕ0 )
O1x1y1 is located at the center of the turntable and stays fixed,
the axis z1 is vertical in the upward direction, and the axis y1
points to the transducer chip center. The origin of the coordi-
When there is no eccentricity error, r and 0 are both nate system O2x2y2 is located at the clamping center of the
equal to 0, and the curve of lw – t is a horizontal line. jaws and rotates at a constant velocity. The initial position is
But when it does exist, the curve is similar to a sine function. coincident with the coordinate system O1x1y1. The origin of
Therefore, in order to measure the actual deviation and the the coordinate system O3x3y3 is located at the center of the
initial angle of the cartridge, the industrial robot should be cartridge bottom and stays fixed to the coordinate system
adjusted to guarantee the incidence angle of the ultrasonic trans-
ducer. Then the turntable starts to rotate, and the high-speed
data acquisition card collects and stores the A-wave data at each
z1
4
Front wall wave ω
3
z3
2
z2
Voltage (V)
1
0 y2
O1,2 y1
–1 y3
O3
–2 x2
–3 x3
–4
0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
Time (μs) x1
Figure 3. Waveform of ultrasonic A-wave. Figure 4. The three reference coordinate systems.
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O2x2y2. As the clamping eccentricity, the origin O3 does not (8) ⎤
⎡ f t
x ⎤ ⎢ x( )
⎡ R + l s ωt ⎤
⎢ ( w) ( )
coincide with the center of turntable. ⎡ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎥
The position transformation matrix 1A3 and the direction y ⎥ ⎢ f y (t ) ⎥ ⎢ (R + l ) c (ωt) ⎥
⎢ =⎢ ⎥ =⎢
transformation matrix 1B3 of the workpiece coordinate system ⎢
w
⎥
z ⎥ ⎢ f (t ) ⎥ ⎢ H − vt ⎥
⎢ ⎥ z
⎥
to the world coordinate system are shown in Equation 6: ⎣ 1 ⎦T ⎢ ⎢ ⎥⎦
⎢⎣ 1 ⎥⎦ T ⎣ 1 T
⎡ ⎡ f t ⎤
c (ωt ) –s (ωt) 0 c (ωt) Δx − s (ωt) Δy ⎤ ⎡ px ⎤ ⎢ px ( )
⎡ −s ωt ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎥ ⎢ ( ) ⎥
⎢ s (ωt) c (ωt) 0 s (ωt) Δx + c (ωt) Δy ⎥ ⎢ f t ⎥
A3 = ⎢ ⎢ py ⎥ p ( ) ⎢ −c (ωt ) ⎥
1
⎥ ⎢ ⎥ =⎢ y ⎥ =⎢ ⎥
⎢ Δz ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ f pz ( t)
0 0 1 ⎢ pz ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢⎣ ⎥⎦ ⎢ ⎥
0 0 0 1
⎣ 1 ⎥⎦ T ⎢⎣ 1 ⎥⎦
⎢⎣ 1 ⎥⎦
T
⎡ 1 ⎤ T
R3 1 P3 ⎥
=⎢
(6) ⎢⎣ 0 1 ⎥⎦ Therefore, the corrected movement path and direction of
⎡ c (ωt ) –s (ωt) 0 0 ⎤ the transducer in the world coordinate system are shown in
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎡ 1 ⎤ Equation 9:
1
B3 = ⎢ s (ωt) c (ωt) 0 0 ⎥ = ⎢ R3 0 ⎥
⎥
⎢ 0 0 1 0 ⎥ ⎣⎢ 0 1 ⎦⎥ ⎡ ⎤
⎢⎣ ⎡ x ⎤ ⎡ x ⎤ Δxc (ωt) − Δys (ωt )
0 0 0 1 ⎥⎦ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
=⎢ (
y ⎥ y ⎥ R + lw) + Δxs (ωt) + Δyc (ωt )
Vx = r cos (ϕ 0 ) ⎢ = 1 A3 × ⎢ ⎥
⎢ z ⎥ ⎢ z ⎥ ⎢ ( H − vt) + Δz ⎥
Vy = r sin (ϕ 0 ) ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
1 ⎦T ⎢ ⎥
⎣ 1 ⎦P ⎣
⎣ 1 ⎦P
(9)
where
⎡ px ⎤ ⎡ px ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ 0
t is the time, ⎢ py ⎥ ⎢ py ⎥ ⎢⎢ −1 ⎥
⎥
⎥ = B3 × ⎢ ⎥ =
1
⎢
is the angular velocity of the turntable, ⎢ pz ⎥ ⎢ pz ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ 1 ⎥⎦
c(*) = cos(*), ⎢
⎣ 1 ⎥⎦ P ⎢
⎣ 1 ⎥⎦ T ⎣ P
s(*) = sin(*),
and r and 0 are defined with Equation 1.
Before correction, the transducer (fixed by the robot) Experiment and Analysis
moves along the cartridge’s outline. The uncorrected The experimental setup of this work is shown in Figure 5: an
movement path and direction of the transducer in the world ultrasonic pulse generator/receiver is employed to drive a
coordinate system are shown in Equation 7:
⎡ ⎡ ⎤
x ⎤ ⎢
0
⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ y ⎥ ⎢ (R + lw) ⎥
=⎢ ⎥
⎢ ( H − vt)
⎢ z ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎥
(7) ⎣ 1 ⎦ P ⎢⎣ 1 ⎥⎦
P
⎡ px ⎤
⎢ ⎥ ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎢ py ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
−1 Robot
⎢ ⎥ =⎢ ⎥
⎢ pz ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢⎣ 1 ⎥⎦ Ultrasonic transducer
⎣ 1 ⎦P P
AZ80 magnesium
alloy cartridge
where
R and H are the radius and the height of the workpiece, Three-jaw chuck
respectively, and
v is the speed of the transducer.
Sampling circumferential
280°
previously described technique, ultrasonic A-wave signals are
240°
acquired at every degree of the cartridge’s circumference, and
200°
angle (°)
360 values of lw can be obtained.
According to the technique, the measured values of the 160°
eccentricity error can be acquired by fitting curve lw – t to the 120°
theoretical model. The fitting result is shown in Figure 6 and 80°
Table 1. 40°
The A-wave signals acquired before correction at the 0°
angles of 0°, 40°, 80°, 120°, 160°, 200°, 240°, 280°, and 320° 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
are shown in Figure 7a, which shows that the position of the (a) Time (μs)
front wall wave drifts regularly because of clamping eccen-
tricity error. After the error is obtained, the scanning path of
320°
Sampling circumferential
the transducer is redesigned and corrected according to the
correction technique described previously. The new A-wave 280°
signals are shown in Figure 7b. 240°
angle (°)
The ultrasonic C-scanning experiment is carried out on 200°
the magnesium alloy cartridge. In this experiment, three flat- 160°
bottom hole discontinuities are machined by electron 120°
discharge machining on the inner surface of the cartridge, as 80°
shown in Figure 8. The diameters of the three holes are 2.5, 2, 40°
and 1.5 mm, and their depths are all 2 mm. Due to the 0°
C-scanning testing mechanism, a flat-bottom hole in the 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
cartridge will be stretched along the circumferential surface as (b) Time (μs)
74.50
74.48
74.46
74.44
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Sampling angles (radius)
3
2
Figure 6. Fitting result of lw – t samples. 1
TABLE 1
Results of the eccentricity error
Number Eccentricity error
r/mm 0/°
1 0.1011 33.8102
2 0.0929 34.6102
3 0.0996 34.7598
average 0.0978 34.3934 Figure 8. The model of the magnesium alloy cartridge with flat-
bottom holes.
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0 5 0 5
1 4 1 4
2 2
3 3
3 3
2 2
4 4
1 1
5 5
(a) 6 0 (b) 6 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Figure 9. C-scan images of the second flat-bottom hole: (a) before correction; and (b) after correction.
TABLE 2
The comparitive quantitative analysis of C-scanning results of defects before and after correction
Number a/mm a1/mm Error/% a2/mm Error/% v1/v v2/v
1 3.43 3.69 7.58 3.48 1.46 1.15 1.22
2 2.74 3.01 9.85 2.86 4.38 0.92 0.95
3 2.06 2.19 6.31 2.11 2.43 0.60 0.62
it is projected onto the outer surface. So, the shape of the flat- Two C-scan images of the second flat-bottom hole are shown
bottom hole in the C-scan image will be an ellipse, and it will in Figure 9. The quantitative analysis of ultrasonic evaluation
be consistent regardless of the location of the discontinuity. results for all three discontinuities are compared in Table 2,
For example, consider the hole with a 2 mm diameter. The where a, a1, and a2 are the ideal values, and the measured
theoretical dimensions of the discontinuity in the C-scan values before and after correction of the long axis, and v1 and
image are v2 are peak values of the discontinuity’s center, respectively. It
can be seen from Figure 9 and Table 2 that the signal ampli-
⎧ R tude of the discontinuity is improved after correction, which
⎪ a ≈ 2 × D = 2.74 mm
(10) ⎨ R1 results in better ultrasonic evaluation accuracy, and the relative
⎪
⎩ b ≈ D = 2 mm error between the measured value and the theoretical value of
the long axis of elliptical discontinuities is less than 5%.
where
a and b denote the theoretical lengths of the long axis and Conclusions
the short axis of the ellipse, respectively, A 7-DOF automatic ultrasonic evaluation system for AZ80
R1 is the radius of the inner ring of the cartridge, and magnesium alloy cartridges that can perform total testing with
R2 is the outer radius. high accuracy and efficiency is designed in this paper. An
identification and correction algorithm for the clamping
However, due to the abnormal rotation model caused by eccentricity error is proposed. By the inverse solution of the
the eccentricity error, the ultrasonic echo signal of the discon- kinematics equation of the 7-DOF testing system, the ultra-
tinuity will be greatly weakened, and the flat-bottom holes will sonic scanning path is corrected, which can mostly elimi-
be stretched more or shortened in the C-scan image relative nate the negative influence of the eccentricity error. The
to the theoretical situation. experimental results show that the imaging quality and the
When the transducer moves along the corrected path and discontinuity sizing accuracy are greatly improved, and the
the uncorrected path given in Equation 9 and Equation 7, proposed technique provides an effective tool for accurately
respectively, the amplitude of the discontinuity wave is evaluating rotary components such as AZ80 magnesium
calculated at each testing position to create C-scan images. alloy cartridges.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Li, Ying-Ju, Tian-jiao Luo, and Yuan-sheng Yang, 2010, “Effects of Trace
Element and Purification on Properties of AZ80 Magnesium Alloy,”
This work was supported by Graduate Students to Explore Innovative Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 20(s2), pp. 407–410;
Projects (Grant No. 2017zzts587), the National Natural Science Founda- doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(10)60507-9 .
tion of China (Grant Nos. 51575541, 51711530231), and State Key Labo-
ratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University. The authors would Liu, Chien Hung, and Wen-Yuh Jywe, 2004, “A Four-Degrees-of-Freedom
like to express their gratitude to T.D. Ashworth for assistance with English Microstage for the Compensation of Eccentricity of a Roundness Measure-
writing. ment Machine,” International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture,
2004, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 365–371.
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