METU / SFL Spring 2022

DBE

UPPER-INTERMEDIATE GROUP
SKILLFUL 2ED 3 READING & WRITING
VOCABULARY LIST
 The gray areas (Unit 5, 7 and 10) are OMITTED.
UNIT 1 - IDENTITY

Reading 1 – Social Identity Reading 2 – How Permanent is your personality?

 categorize (v)  correlation (n)
categorize sth into There is a correlation between
 confirm (v)  tend to (v)
 consequence (n)  current (adj)
think about the consequences a more current study
 debate (n)  frustrated (adj)
have a debate over feel frustrated
 define (v)  suggest (v)
difficult to define results of the research suggest that
 desirable (adj)  participant (n)
desirable qualities half of the participants
 mature (v)  rate (v)
mature quicker be rated very high
 tension (n)  modest (adj)
reduce tensions between a modest person

Vocabulary Development – Identity Types Academic words

 comprehensive (adj)
a comprehensive study
 journal (n)
psychology journal
 extroverted (adj)  outcome (n)
 feeling (adj) surprised by the outcome
 introverted (adj)  scope (n)
 intuitive (adj)  variable (n)
 judging (adj) such variables as age, gender, etc.
 perceiving (adj)  volunteer (n)
 sensing (adj) a group of 500 volunteers
 thinking (adj)
 UNIT 2 - DESIGN
Reading 1 – Beautifully Broken Reading 2 – Community Development: A New
Business in Town

 flaw (n)  delicate (adj)

 imitate (v) delicate glasses
 incident (n) a delicate issue
about the incident  entirely (adv)
 modest (adj) be made entirely of sth
 piece (n)  functional (adj)
1. glue the pieces back together a functional chair
small pieces  harm (v)
2. a beautiful piece harm sth / sb
 practice (n)  objection (n)
the practice among have objections / not have any
such practices objections
 smash (v)  on good terms
smash a cup be on good terms with sb
 value (v)  with (phrase)
The Japanese traditionally value…  romantic (adj)
a romantic impression of sth
 thick (adj)
thick wool sweaters

Vocabulary Development – Adjective for Describing Academic Words

Products

 appealing  enhance (v)

 contemporary enhance sth by doing sth
 durable  notion (n)
 fake the notion that
 generic  overseas (adv)
 innovative travel overseas
 mass-produced  philosophy (n)
 multi-functional my personal philosophy is that
 survive (v)
survive the earthquake
 tradition (n)
have a tradition of
 UNIT 3 - THOUGHT
Reading 1 – The development of thought Reading 2 – Emotional Thinking

 concrete (adj)  anxiety (n)

a concrete proposal  anxious (adj)
 constantly (adv) feel anxious
constantly do sth  deadline (n)
 fascination (n) tight deadlines
have a fascination with sth  emotion (n)
 hypothesize (v)  emotional (adj)
 lead to (v) emotional intelligence
 logical (adj)  encounter (v)
in a logical way encounter problems
 point of view (n)  guilt (n)
from sb’s point of view  guilty (adj)
 sort (v) feel guilty
sort sth into  inappropriate (adj)
inappropriate for
 rational (adj)
make a rational decision
 strengthen (v)
strength (n)
It takes great strength (not) to do sth

Vocabulary Development - Language for Comparing Academic Words

and Contrasting

Words and phrases that compare:  abstract (adj)

By the same token abstract concepts/ideas
Equally  category (n)
Similarly organize sth into different categories
In the same way  complex (adj)
a complex process
Words and phrases that contrast:  depressed (adj)
despite get depressed
In spite of
 interpret (v)
whereas
interpret the results of an experiment
on the contrary
 maximize (v)
maximize profits
 reluctant (adj)
reluctant to do sth
 solely (adv)
solely responsible for
 UNIT 4 – FIRE
Reading 1 – The top five causes of wildfires Reading 2 – Controlling the uncontrollable

 beneficial (adj)  conduct (v)

hugely beneficial to sth/the environment conduct exercises
 costly (adj)  employ (v)
become more costly employ (a number of) different methods
 enforce (v)  extinguish (v)
 enforce (local) laws extinguish the fire
 maintenance (n)  historically (adv)
maintenance of equipment  latter (adj)
 melt (v) in the latter half of the century
ice melts  renew (v)
cause ice to melt renew ecosystems
 rural (adj)  threaten (v)
rural areas threaten local communities
 supervise (v)  vegetation (n)
supervise young children vegetation recovers
 wilderness (n)
a country’s wilderness

Vocabulary Development - Collocations with Academic Words

Problem

 the root of the problem  acknowledge (v)

 to cope with a problem  capable (adj)
 to remedy a problem  decade (n)
 to be faced with problems  error (n)
 a pressing problem  federal (adj)
 a minor problem  regulation (n)
 a grave problem
 a perennial problem
 UNIT 5 - MOVEMENT
Reading 1 – The Panama Canal: A brief history Reading 2 – Dangers and Opportunities in the
Arctic Circle

cargo arise
circumnavigate coastal
feat dispute
fumigate halt
swamp indigenous
toll marine
treaty reef
zone sparse
malaria legislation
observer
sustainable
Vocabulary Development – Verbs for talking about Academic Words
change

demolish abandon
develop alternative
extend nevertheless
make into primary
remodel purchase
replace straightforward
tear down
transform
 UNIT 6 - DISEASE

Reading 1 – Fighting Cholera Reading 2 – The economic impact of disease

 associate (v)  alarm (v)
associate sth with sth  alarmed (adj)
 effective (adj) be alarmed when
an effective treatment  dependent (adj)
 gather (v) be dependent on
gather data together  distinguish (v)
 infected (adj) distinguish between A and B
be infected by a disease  doubtful (adj)
 major (adj) be doubtful that…
a major cause of death  overall (adv)
 polluted (adj)  overlook (v)
polluted air sth is overlooked
 proof (n)  productive (adj)
There is proof that…  productivity (n)
 supply (n) a country’s productivity
a supply of fresh water  related (adj)
be related to sth
Vocabulary Development – Cause and effect Academic words
 collapse (v)
industry collapses
 exposure (n)
exposure to sth
 hence (adv)
 transmission (n)
prevent the transmission of diseases
 ultimately (adv)
 undergo (v)
undego audits
 virtually (adv)
virtually all + noun
 widespread (adj)
 result in become more widespread
 caused by
 UNIT 7 - SURVIVAL
Reading 1 – The death of languages Reading 2 – More than just survival

trade genes
sabotage breed (v)
commerce food chain
nation die out
official habitat
ruling threat
superior thrive
widely disrupt
urbanization shortage
minority

Vocabulary Development – Describing graphs Academic Words

substantial assist
slight discrimination
comparison distribution
in the region of
diversity
well over
grant
growing
steadily inevitable
peak (v) minority
reverse
 UNIT 8 - LAW
Reading 1 – It’s legal, but is it ethical Reading 2 – Right or wrong at work

 a fine line (n phrase)  conduct (n

It’s a fine line between X and Y employee conduct at work
 basis (n)  declare (v)
form the basis of sth publicly declare
 break the law (v phrase)  extent (n)
 ethics (n) to what extent
have an ethics policy  intention (n)
 ideal (adj) sb’s intentions are good
in an ideal situation good/bad intentions
 illegal (adj)  occur (v)
 punishment (n) (unethical) behaviour occurs
 scandal (n)  recruit (v)
recruit (new) employees
 state (v)
clearly state sth
 tactic (n)
the best tactic to do sth

Vocabulary Development – Legal terms Academic Words

 arrest (v)  code (n)

police arrest code of ethics
be arrested  clause (n)
 crime (n) a clause in a contract
commit a crime  controversy (n)
 defend (v)  corporate (adj)
defend sb in court corporate organizations
 judge (n)  initiative (n)
 justice (n) introduce an initiative (to do sth)
the justice system  inspection (n)
 lawyer (n) an inspection of sth
 trial (n)  institute (n)
 witness (n) the Institute of X
a witness to a crime  ministry (n)
 UNIT 9 – SOUND
Reading 1 – Seeing without your eyes Reading 2 – A wireless world

 absorb (v)  accelerate (v)

absorb the sound/liquid accelerate rapidly
 advance (v)  broadcast (n)
advance significantly the broadcast of sth
 air pressure (n)  incredibly (adv)
change the air pressure  interference (n)
 determine (v) suffer from a lot of interference
 echo (n)  launch (n)
create a strong echo the launch of sth
 reflect (v)  network (n)
reflect the sound connected to a network
 sound (n)  satellite (n)
 wave (n)  unreliable (adj)
sound waves unreliable (internet) connections
 vibration (n)
vibrations in the air
caused by vibrations

Vocabulary Development – Science verbs Academic Words

 calculate (v)  comprise (v)

 classify (v) comprise sth
classify sth into groups  device (n)
 compose (v)  dominate (v)
be composed of  insight (n)
 criticize (v) gain some insights into
be (widely) criticized  phenomenon (n)
 observe (v) the phenomenon of
observe sth / sb / the behavior of sb  prior (adj)
 propose (v) prior to sth
propose theories  thereby (adv)
 signal (v)  trigger (v)
signal danger (to sb)  trigger a response
 underline (v)
underline the importance of
 UNIT 10 - TOMORROW
Reading 1 – Products of the future Reading 2 – Is greater regulation needed?

antenna imminent
biodegradable concerned
terabit deteriorate
devastating effectively
exaggerate
efficiency
moral
data
poverty
rate privacy
supply stagnant
obsolete threat
revolutionary
tackle

Vocabulary Development – Science nouns Academic Words

atom assessment
cell derive
decay exhibit
discovery investigation
evaluation isolate
pressure nuclear
force regulate
source
 SKILLFUL 2ED 3 LISTENING AND SPEAKING
VOCABULARY LIST
UNIT 1 - IDENTITY

Listening 1 – Life events Listening 2 – Beyond the ID card

 major in  electronically (adv)

major in a field recorded electronically
 influence (v)  sufficient (adj)
influence sb/sth sufficient ID for
 enable (v)  unique (adj)
enable sb to do sth a unique opportunity to do sth
 combine (v)  feature (n)
combine X and Y physical features
 identity (n)  combination (n)
define one’s identity a combination of X and Y
 open up (v)  vary (v)
open up the discussion vary from X to Y
 lead to (v)  pretend (v)
lead to success pretend to be sb else
 expose (v)  absolute (adj)
expose sb to sth  with absolute certainty

Vocabulary Development - Suffixes Academic Words

accessible
creative
 structure (n)
information
family structure
knowledgeable
manageable  status (n)
nationality improve one’s status
possibility  attain (v)
probability attain full marks on an exam
recognition  establish (v)
reliable establish the identity of sb
structural  diverse (adj)
technological diverse interests
 submit (v)
submit proposals
 extract (v)
extract DNA from
 UNIT 2 - DESIGN

Listening 1 – Principles of good design Listening 2 – VR and AR

 come up with (phr v)  artificial
come up with new ideas an artificial universe
 complex (adj)  computer-generated
a complex design computer-generated imagery
 device (n)  feedback
a mobile device feedback on sth
 features (n)  layer (v)
have (hidden) features layer sth over sth
 figure out (phr v)  similarity (n)
figure out how sth works similarity between two things
 functional (adj)  simulation
functional products a computer simulation
 measure (v)  three-dimensional
measure the success of sth three-dimensional models
 operate (v)  train
operate new technology train sb

Vocabulary Development – Words to talk about Academic words

design
 classic (adj)  alter (v)
a classic design alter your thinking
 element (n)  contrast (n)
the key elements of  eventually (adv)
 environmentally  income (n)
environmentally friendly companies make a good income
 friendly (adj)  interact (v)
 flexible (adj) interact with
a flexible material  substitute (n)
 image (n) use a substitute
clear/bright images
 industrial (adj)
the Industrial Revolution
 measurement (n)
use metric measurements
 process (n)
the design process
 UNIT 3 - THOUGHT
Listening 1 – Brain training Listening 2 – Digital memory loss

 claim (n)  affect (v)

the claim that affect sb’s ability to do sth
 function (n)  impact (n)
brain function have a significant impact on sth
 sample (n)  efficiently (adv)
based on a sample of work (more) efficiently
 task (n)  capacity (n)
a memory task the capacity of a computer
 evidence (n)  characteristic (n)
evidence suggests that an important characteristic
 dishonest (adj) the characteristics of
 criticism (n)  version (n)
criticism that… several versions/a version of sth
 potential (n)  critical thinking (n)
have the potential to emphasize critical thinking
 interfere (v)
interfere with

Vocabulary Development – Words to describe the Academic words

brain and mind

 concentration (n)  contemporary (adj)

improve concentration contemporary society
 concept (n)  context (n)
a difficult concept for in an educational context
 short-term memory (n)  contradict (v)
 master (v)  identify (v)
master a skill identify weaknesses
 mental (adj)  intelligence (n)
mental health (issues) measure intelligence
 observation (n)  revenue (n)
the observation that…
 focus (v)
help sb to focus (on sth)
 psychologist (n)
 UNIT 4 – FIRE
Listening 1 – The discovery of fire Listening 2 – Forest fires: friend or foe?

 adapt to (v)  natural disaster (n)

adapt to a new lifestyle one of the worst natural disasters
 ancestor (n)  accidentally (adv)
our ancestors accidentally start a fire
 expand (v)  destruction (n)
expand one’s diet destruction to public property
 take it for granted (v)  break out (v)
take it for granted that… fire breaks out
 thus (adv)  spread (v)
 protection (n) fire spreads/starts to spread
provide protection  lower (v)
 preserve (v) lower the risk of sth
preserve meat  inner (adj)
 warmth (n) the inner city
 cause (v)
be caused by

Vocabulary development - Synonyms Academic words

alternative  release (v)

burn out release seeds
critical moment  detect (v)
crossroads detect forest fires
dramatically  source (n)
excuse (v) a heat source
fire up  restore (v)
get burned restore a house
justify  emerge (v)
keep plants emerge
maintain  sequence (n)
noticeably the sequence of events
rationalize  visible (v)
save visible smoke
selection  occupy (v)
substantially occupy oneself by doing sth
turning point
 UNIT 5 – MOVEMENT
Listening 1 – A very long commute Listening 2 – Crowd management

commute barrier
exhausting conventional
extreme emotional
global enthusiastic
layover risk
outstanding rush
rush hour safety
spirit venue
Vocabulary development - Compound adjectives Academic words

decision-making commitment
high-priced visual
internationally recognized implement
middle-class
strategy
part-time
monitor
short-term
slow-moving approximately
timesaving
well-behaved
 UNIT 6 - IDENTITY

Listening 1 – Germ myths Listening 2 – Disease detectives

 myth (n)  epidemic (n)

It’s a myth that…  peak (n)
 concentration (n) at the peak of
a high concentration of germs  figure out (v)
 circulate (v) couldn’t figure out why
air circulates  concern (v)
 germ (n) This podcast/book, etc. concerns
germs cause  researcher (n)
 digest (v) leading researchers in the field
digest food  trace back to (v)
 harmful (adj) be traced back to
harmful bacteria  toxin (n)
 unsafe (adj)  extinct adj)
unsafe to drink be declared extinct
 transmit (v)
be transmitted (by someone coughing)
a disease is transmitted

Vocabulary Development – Medical language Academic Words

 ache (v)  assess (v)

stomach aches assess someone’s (general) health
begin to ache  clarify (v)
 infection (n)  eliminate (v)
infection spreads eliminate a disease
 life-threatening (adj)  incidence (n)
a life-threatening condition an increased incidence of
 check-up (n)  reinforce (v)
go to the doctor for a check-up reinforce the need for sth
 come down with (v)  valid (adj)
come down with a disease a valid excuse for (not) doing sth
 disorder (n)  vary (v)
a rare disorder vary what you eat
 treat (v)
treat a disease
 critical (adj)
it is critical that …
a critical situation
 UNIT 7 - SURVIVAL

Listening 1 – Kindness as a survival skill Listening 2 – Building for the future again
bond be designed to
desire construct
ensure convert into
gather current
generosity emphasize
kindness entire
lay off estimate
survival resource
Vocabulary Development – word families Academic words
be designed to adapt
construct respond
convert into contribute
current cooperate
emphasize economy
entire expand
estimate transform
resource
 UNIT 8 - LAW
Listening 1 – Ask an expert Listening 2 – Protect yourself online

 spy (v)  acquire (v)

spy on sb acquire sb’s personal information
 aspect (n)  hack (v)
(important) aspects of sth hack into government computers/a
 severe (adj) computer
(face) severe fine  high-tech (adj)
 case (n) high-tech devices
win a case  measures (n)
 victim (n) take measures
the victim of a crime  motive (n)
 bullying (n) the main motive of people/behind sth
online bullying  privacy (n)
 intellectual property (n) maintain one’s privacy
sb’s intellectual property  recover (v)
 content (n) recover one’s identity
share content online  secure (adj)
the content of sth

Vocabulary Development – Legal vocabulary Academic words

 against the law (adj)  odd (adj)

 commit a crime (v)  appreciate (v)
 criminal offense (n) (fully) appreciate sth
 fine (n)  estimate (v)
 legal (adj) estimate that…
 penalty (n)  expose (v)
 sentence (v) expose sb as a …
 theft (n)  exploit (v)
exploit people
 compensate (v)
 UNIT 9 – SOUND
Listening 1 – That’s so annoying Listening 2 – Was that my phone ringing?

 distract (v)  anticipate (v)

be distracted by difficult to anticipate
 distant (adj)  anxiously (adv)
the distant car alarm / noises wait anxiously for sth
 repetitive (adj)  make sense of (phr v)
repetitive noises  perceive (v)
 irritate (v)  prompt (v)
irritate sb prompt concerns about sth
 initially (adv)  recall (v)
 unpredictable (adj) recall information / sth
 sensitive (adj)  tie in with (phr v)
be sensitive to  variation (n)
 cease (v) variations in sth (e.g. temperature)

Vocabulary development – word + preposition Academic words

appeal to  random (adj)

distracted by random noises
get away from  obtain (v)
irritated by obtain surprising results
lead to  reveal (v)
provide for  interpret (v)
quality of life interpret (scientific) data
vital for  conclude (v)
conclude that…
 presume (v)
 UNIT 10 – TOMORROW
Listening 1 – Drone-free skies Listening 2 – Hyperloops: the fifth form of
transportation

pipeline air resistance

ban (v) friction
campaign hypersonic
irresponsible magnet
leak pod
presumably actual
terrifying basically
unbearable force (n)
vital literally
practical
revolutionary
smoothly
surface

Vocabulary development – transportation and Academic words

logistics

actual behalf
basically equip
force (n) assure
literally
manual
practical
modify
revolutionary
smoothly justify
surface