 San Juan Bridge Incident- Filipino soldiers was not
allowed to enter in Manila Bay Area
- the controversy behind the signing of the
infamous Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898
without the consent of the Filipinos.
 February 4, 1899, Private William W. Grayson- Shot
2 filipino unarmed soldiers.
 Highest elevation in the Philippines- MT APO
 Borneo is the third-largest island in the world. It is
divided into four political regions:
1. Kalimantan belongs to Indonesia;
2. Sabah and
3. Sarawak are part of Malaysia;
4. a small remaining region comprises the
sultanate of Brunei.
The three biggest Island
1. Greenland
2. New Guinea
3. Borneo
Largest Lake in the World
1. Caspian
2. Superior
3. Victoria
Largest Lake in the Philippines
Answer: Laguna de bay second Lanao Lake
Largest ecosystem is – World Ocean covering 71% of
earth surface
The largest state in the world in terms of territory
 RCCU- Russia, Canada, China and United
States
Borobudur- This famous Buddhist temple, dating from
the 8th and 9th centuries, is located in central Java. It
was built in three tiers: a pyramidal base with five
concentric square terraces, the trunk of a cone with
three circular platforms and, at the top, a monumental
stupa.
Borobudur is the largest Buddhist temple in the world,
and ranks with Bagan in Myanmar and Angkor Wat in
Cambodia as one of the great archeological sites of
Southeast Asia.
Bhutan
Druk Yul is the traditional name for bhutan, meaning
'Land of the Thunder Dragon.
Druk- is the Thunder Dragon
Archipelagic doctrine
What is the main purpose of archipelagic doctrine?
The main purpose of the archipelagic doctrine is to
protect the territorial interests of an archipelago, that is,
the territorial integrity of the archipelago.
Archipelagic doctrine - make imaginary lines from
the outermost tips of the islands, each line not
exceeding 100 nautical miles (subject to certain
exceptions). Those imaginary lines now constitute the
“straight baselines.”
Effectively, the Philippines has 7,641 islands form a
single unit
Heraclitus- greek Philosopher
Greek philosopher remembered for his cosmology,
in which fire forms the basic material principle of an
orderly universe
 is quoted as saying "change is the only constant
in life."
Thomas Hobbes
Leviathian in the Bible
 Leviathan is a serpent and a symbol of Israel's
enemies, who will be slain by God. In Job 41, it
is a sea monster and a symbol of God's power
of creation.
In Leviathan (1651), Hobbes argued that the absolute
power of the sovereign was ultimately justified by the
consent of the governed, who agreed, in a hypothetical
social contract, to obey the sovereign in all matters in
exchange for a guarantee of peace and security.
Hobbes wrote that civil war and the brute situation of a
state of nature ("the war of all against all") could be
avoided only by strong, undivided government.
Michel Foucult (mee-shel Foo-Kow)
What is Michel Foucault's best known for?
 His best-known works included Discipline and
Punish: The Birth of the Prison (1975) and The
History of Sexuality, a multivolume history of
Western sexuality.
Plebiscite- the direct vote of all the members of an
electorate on an important public question such as a
change in the constitution
Initiative- is the power of the people to propose
amendments to the Constitution or to propose and enact
legislations through an election called for the purpose.
Referendum- is the power of the electorate to approve
or reject a legislation through an election called for the
purpose
Mesopotamia today is the countries of Iraq, Syria,
Kuwait, and part of Turkey.
Mesopotamia (IRAQ)- corresponding to modern-day Iraq
and parts of Iran, Syria, Kuwait, and Turkey and
known as the Fertile Crescent and the cradle of
civilization.
ZIGGURAT- traditionally symbolizes a link between
the gods and the human kind, although it also
served practically as shelter from floods- Still in
Mesopotamia
 was built as a place of worship, dedicated to the
moon god Nanna in the Sumerian city of Ur in
ancient Mesopotamia.
Sumeria located today
West Bank territory under Israel- Southern Iraq
Kowtow- kau Tau
Ahimsa- in the Indian religions of Jainism, Hinduism,
and Buddhism, the ethical principle of not causing
harm to other living things
Nirvanna- end of suffering
Dhamma- (Dharma)- to uphold to practice teaching
Social Classes in rome
Upper class- Patricians
Working Class- Plebians
5 level
Senator, Equestrian, Patrician, Plebeian, Slave, Free.
Treaty of Nanjing
First opium War- China and Britain (period of Qing
Dynasty)
Second name as- Arrow War- Britain and France vs
China
Genghis Khan
Kublai Khan was the grandson of Genghis Khan and the
founder of the Yuan Dynasty in 13th-century China. He
was the first Mongol to rule over China when he
conquered the Song Dynasty of southern China in 1279
Sepoy
Indian soldiers employed within European
military garrisons to provide the much-needed
manpower for the defense of European colonies in Asia.
Srimavo Bandaranaike-Sri Lanka prime minister serves
three terms
Benazir Ali Bhutto- Pakistani- 1st leader in Muslim
nation served 2 terms
Shonugate
The shogunate was the hereditary military dictatorship of
Japan
Charlegmane- illiterate
- greatest Holy Roman Emperor
Spirit of Laws
In it, Montesquieu pleaded in favor of a constitutional
system of government and the separation of powers, the
ending of slavery, the preservation of civil liberties and
the law, and the idea that political institutions ought to
reflect the social and geographical aspects of each
community.
WWI – 4 years
WWII- 6 years
The First World War (WWI) was fought from 1914
to 1918 and the Second World War (or WWII)
was fought from 1939 to 1945
The majority joined on the side of the Allies,
including Serbia, Russia, France, Britain, Italy
and the United States. They were opposed by
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the
Ottoman Empire, who together formed the Central
Powers.
WWII
In World War II, the three great Allied powers—
Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet
Union—formed a Grand Alliance that was the key
to victory against AXIS (Germany Italy and Japan)
Diminishing Marginal Utility
- 2 to 3 chocolate same nalang ug lasa wala nay
value na add
ad vericundiam- I am right because I say so
ad misericordian- Example "You need to pass me in this
course, since I'll lose my scholarship if you don't."
ad hominem “against the man”- personal attack
La Gioconda/ Monalisa na painting- light hearted women