P1 – Motion and Forces (H) – Questions

Q1.
 
(a)   The diagram shows a girl swinging a rubber ball in a horizontal circle above her head.

(i) In which direction does the resultant force act on the ball?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)
  A   away from the centre of the circle
  B   in the direction of the arrow on the diagram
  C   in the opposite direction to the arrow on the diagram
  D   towards the centre of the circle

(ii) State the name of the resultant force acting on the ball.
(1)
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(iii) Suggest what would happen to the ball as the girl gets tired.
(2)
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(iv) The girl lets go of the string and the ball hits a wall.
The collision is not elastic.
Explain what happens to both momentum and kinetic energy when the ball hits the wall.
(2)
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*(b) Describe a cyclotron and how charged particles move inside it.
You may draw a labelled diagram to help with your answer.
(6)

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(Total for Question = 12 marks)

Q2.
 
Shot-put is an Olympic event.
The shot is a heavy ball.
An athlete throws the shot as far as possible.

A sports scientist analyses an athlete's throw to help improve performance.

The scientist takes pictures of the athlete every 0.1 s during one throw.

Figure 6 shows the pictures of one throw.

Figure 6
(i)  Estimate the amount of time during the throw when the shot is in the athlete's hand.
(1)

time = ........................................................... s

(ii)  Explain how the scientist could improve this method of analysing the throw.
(2)
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(iii)  The average acceleration of the shot while in the athlete's hand is 20.6 m/s2.
The mass of the shot is 7.26 kg.
Calculate the average force that the athlete applies to the shot during the throw.
(2)

force = ........................................................... N

(iv)  In another throw, the shot is in the athlete's hand for 0.48 s.
The average acceleration during this time is 23 m/s2.
Calculate the velocity of the shot as it leaves the athlete's hand.
(3)

velocity = ........................................................... m/s

 
(Total for question = 8 marks)
 

Q3.
 
* Figure 14 shows two ice skaters during a sequence in their performance.
 Figure 14

The man stays at the same place on the ice throughout the sequence.

At the start of the sequence, the woman is moving at a constant speed around the man while the man
holds her arm.

After she has gone round the man several times, the man lets go of the woman's arm.
The sequence ends a few seconds later.

Explain the motion of the woman, in terms of the forces acting and the effects on her motion, for the
whole sequence.
(6)
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(Total for question = 6 marks)
 

Q4.
 
Shot-put is an Olympic event.
The shot is a heavy ball.
An athlete throws the shot as far as possible.

A sports scientist analyses an athlete's throw to help improve performance.

The scientist examines the images to find ways of increasing the momentum of the shot when it leaves
the athlete's hand without the athlete using any extra force.

The scientist advises the athlete to

lean further down at the start
and make his arm straight before he releases the shot.
Explain the scientific principles behind this advice.
(3)
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(Total for question = 3 marks)
 

Q5.
 
A student investigates the motion of a trolley along a horizontal runway.

Figure 9 shows the apparatus.

 Figure 9

The trolley is attached to a string passing over a pulley.

A 100 g metal disc hangs on the end of the string.

The light gate measures the time it takes for the card to pass through it.

When the trolley is released, it accelerates along the track.

(i)  Explain why the trolley accelerates along the track.

(2)
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(ii)  The card takes 0.040 s to travel through the light gate.

The student calculates that the average speed of the trolley through the light gate is 1.15 m/s.
Calculate the width of the card.
(2)

width = ........................................................... cm

(iii)  The trolley travels 1.2 m along the track from the start before the card reaches the light gate.
Show that acceleration of the trolley along this distance is approximately 0.55 m/s2.
(2)

 
(Total for question = 6 marks)
 

Q6.
 
Another rocket has a total mass of 90 g when it takes off. The acceleration of the rocket when it takes off
is 3.3 m/s2.

(i)  Calculate the resultant force on the rocket when it takes off.
(2)

resultant force = ........................................................... N

*(ii)  The rocket contains 50 g of fuel when it takes off.

The fuel burns and the rocket rises vertically.
After a while, there is no fuel left.
Eventually the empty rocket falls back to the ground.
The graph is a velocity–time graph for the rocket.
Four stages are labelled on the graph.

Explain why the velocity of the rocket changes as shown in the graph.
(6)
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Q7.
 
A firework rocket contains a solid fuel inside a cardboard tube.

The burning of the fuel creates a thrust to propel the rocket upwards.

(i)  Scientists can refer to several different quantities when describing the motion of the rocket.
 Only one of these quantities is a vector.
Complete this sentence using one of the words from the box.
(1)
The vector quantity is ...........................................................
(ii)  Before the fuse is lit, the total weight of a rocket including fuel is 0.7N.
The gravitational field strength is 10 N/kg.
Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
The total mass of the rocket including fuel is
(1)
   A    0.007 kg

   B    0.07 kg

   C    0.7 kg

   D    7 kg

(iii)  There is a resultant force on the rocket of 0.5 N upwards when it takes off.
The arrow on the diagram shows the size and direction of the force of gravity acting on the rocket
when it takes off.

Add another arrow to the diagram to show the thrust produced by the burning fuel at the time the
rocket takes off.
You should label the arrow with the size of the thrust.
(2)
 

Q8.
 
Some students investigate a model of the craters produced by meteorite impacts.

They drop balls into a tray filled with sand.

They use six balls with different masses.

They drop each ball from the same height.

(a)  (i) Which one of these graphs shows the relationship between the gravitational potential energy (gpe)
of the balls and their mass when they are all at the same height?
Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer.
(1)

(ii)  Describe how the energy of a ball changes as it drops towards the sand.
 (2)
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(b)  This photograph shows the sand after several balls have hit it.

The students read this information in a textbook:

'When work is done, energy is transferred.'
Explain how work is done when the balls impact on the sand.
(2)
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(c)  When one ball hits the sand, it has a velocity of 6.2 m/s.
It has a momentum of 0.46 kg m/s.
(i)  Calculate the mass of the ball.
(3)

mass of ball = ........................................................... kg

(ii)  The ball takes 0.17 s to come to rest after it hits the sand.
Calculate the average impact force.
(2)
 average impact force = ........................................................... N

Q9.
 
A student investigates the motion of a trolley along a horizontal runway.

Figure 9 shows the apparatus.

Figure 9

The trolley is attached to a string passing over a pulley.

A 100 g metal disc hangs on the end of the string.

The light gate measures the time it takes for the card to pass through it.

The student repeats the process several times by adding extra 100 g metal discs.

Figure 10 shows a graph of the results.

 Figure 10

(i)  Predict the acceleration if discs with a total mass of 800 g are used.
(1)
acceleration = ........................................................... m/s2

(ii)  There are frictional forces in the system.

Identify a feature of the graph that shows there are frictional forces in the system.
(1)
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(iii)  Explain how the investigation could be developed to remove the effects of friction.
(2)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)
 
Q10.
 
Figure 13 shows two ice skaters during a performance.

Figure 13

(i)  The two ice skaters are travelling together in a straight line at 3.50 m/s.
Their total momentum is 371 kgm/s.
The man has a mass of 64.5 kg.
Calculate the mass of the woman.
(4)

mass = ........................................................... kg

(ii)  Calculate the kinetic energy of the man.

(2)

kinetic energy = ........................................................... J

 
(Total for question = 6 marks)