A

VAPoUR PoDER CACLE

a pou Pousen Cicie, th main ob iccaives one lo
e 4 Cnngs Psend in u s indo Mechanicat
Cna and 4o eunial Enng. T h Aul is

n
bunad, hot 9ascs au Used o PToduee Sicam
Stcom nTaio Boiten). T h Sicam Sooduced
Sieam unbi lo do Look. t h
SCfanded in a

Ccte is loaien, ihich,

ookiag
oki
og Auid Usedin Ahise
Dcccscs and uiimnt to
ndngocs Seics o
oi9na S{ate.

STEAM Powt CCLE VAPoUR PoLDER Ce

SIMPLE O

High Pugsu, tligh TemPealt

Sicom
FunaaCe
Sieam Tunbinu

Boiien.
Coupled Aogna

Fue CCoal)
Combstlen
Cold dokn
duear
-Condenson. Cooi
TOweN.
Suspen hcaka
Stcamous

Pump
Evapoaken
i9.
EConomisetn-

PT:O
Sieam PoLoen Plon mainy Consis 'o

Funace
Botten
Tuobine
Condenssnn
S) Cooin o e .

6)PumP Closed
nay
bc e
d e ji
i nd
ud a sa
- Bolen
BotLen..
Botle Poduced
on
Sicam
is
in ohich
Ncsse
byCombustien of kuut.

snSisi Sj a
nnaion
Tunbin
)Tunbinc i n t e C o n n e e d to
Sicaa Tobius
Senies o
a
C
emom
moon
n Sha.
Shak.
naie) O
Eoch ofhn nd S
Enn99 ino Mccha
Convn{S t Kin{ic

- Cat

)Codenso -T main PuaPose o A CondnSon

CondSo
wis 4o Condense exhaus t Sican .
Tnbin Jon mUse inn A Cycle and macini?
Tunb EALicicnc.

) Pum_Pump S Pou absonbing evc uscA

Selace
GARNoT VAPoUR.PaowER CyCLE

Floo iag T-S gTam

Tunbine

-Boite T

S
faa LCondesom

Compusson.

y c e Consis o
Cannot
TenPena tLu Heas oddition
Consland
cess -1
PoCess
o SenJoPic CsXansion
1-2 R Adia badic
oCcss.
Constand CmPCa tuu Hel iccaton

PPDCess
ienoPic Comfti
Re. Adia basic
DCesc.

Heas SuPPtcd o toonking Fiu

Hea esecd
Inoda
 +Cat suflicd cu tonst Temp h- TCS-S
3 TSg-

EPlaatlon. DOnkin9 s s

Cavin netn boie

T h u Satnaded te n VaPoun
Th n
EPanded In 4h Tunbin iseJnoPicol1.
C-a) Pussnus {h

Th oet Slean a l Siate 9 entas h Condens Whn

is e NaPou
Condensed lo Satt 3., Th Siat 3

is ComPSsed 1Senof
This oet Sleam a S i o 3.
46
Satunattd &quud f
-Caty CAdtabalicay)
This is end
d indo h boiten.
allooe

sia
S a t u a e d G u i d
om
ts addd to ha
Nou Heas a
Steam unmaion Boilen)
&
Siat d to 1 i n
T Cycle U P e a d i .
ConSiond u s U V

PoLOER CYCLE
*D9Aw BACKsOF GARNOT NAPOUR
dSSicutu to Compuss a uei VaPoun isendoPica
1) TI s
Siat as
-

to 4 Saluna ed

2-4
Cendersak
9) s Wi{litutt o Cono ua lity o Stcsn

A Condenson So hat State

Ou o
Comin
obnsd.
2is

Siiu mon dicicut oofeTate

) T Cuce s
Supc haaed Steatn du to t
n naCAice oi ih
SuPCDhakd
AecCS TemFcnaAUD InsiCad o Conc{ PuisUu
 SIMPLE RAMINE CycLE

Flow ia9am
O

Taine
-Boil T

Ho oa

Cold waion
Ta
Condensen.
Pump -Boi(enPussu
P Condenson

Fi9 3
T abov Shoos h Flow iggnam 4 T-Siagnar=

Son SimPlC Ranin CIe.

In h TS_ 9na
T CYCIC - -h- 1 Psenas atunatid

ankin Ccie
--3-4-1 RPusens SuPen heaid
Ranktn Cacle.

T above CHele Consisi o{ Joilotoing ocess.

cess 1 2 e CI3) ventible Adiabaic on 1srooP.

Eelansion Pocess Cn Tunbin)

-3 o n ( 9 ) Consio lussu Head udcCion

cess CTa Csndnsn)
3-4 vsible A diabattc on LSensoPie Ceo uSSio
PTD Ces CIn um?)

-1 CA-1) - consta ussu Heau oddition

CTn Boiten)

wORKT N
>T vapoun Pooen Cycles ane TYPicat
Combusitos Eaginns

These CIes ook h vsiag YaPoun as 0king9

T Obo
edtun, ia Shews Schamatic iene-
seaial Comntounss O a Nafon Puu
- en
Pland.
PRinci Ple ConPoun au {h S«
Sieon
a4io9 anit, T nbine, Condensom and
Pun P. Ectnnal Heati9 i s novide
Combus tion of gu

hen 4 Hcat isSuPGcd o Boien, 46 oSnKg

Suid Changes Svm Gaid hase to VofuPha
T Hiah us high tenpene iinu VaPou
NaPou
o c s to Tuabin EaPamds Poduces 4 toon
Eandcd Sieom Joes ko
Condc
Condenson Conds

Condcsatt Auid ko un. Soy (t Pu p

cs to Boite T Cacle "CPcais.
elnmance HneySts oS Nankin CCle

Wonk s i o , Steam Rate tleau Rae

Le

Use 4 t g No 3 both Atou diognatn TSGagnam

T abov CYCIe Consist O otloLong DCesS

PoCess 1- 0nCt-i) Rvns.Lie Adia baic n TSendzotc

fansion uCesS
.3 07 Ca.3) Consian s u Hees ecaio

Adiabalic on ISenzvtic
-4 vnsbe
Com Sion 7cess

Heas addi tion

-1 Consiod usSUDu
cess
Rankin CAc1e ts
Fo h Punfose of anoy Sis
OSs u u d o be Canied O iD O SAcody to
Oenation

Considen { Saiunatd Rankin C3clezon {h

abov iognas . -9-3.4-1

n T-s Giagmam)

Fo A Fusd
Flow Ea99 Equodion h bo
boiie-
A) Steodo o s Connol Volum)
h-h
hh
Sieody Flo fuaay EquadiOn AhTiabinu.

3S4cady Flo En E CLucuion Condnsn.

h h

Y
hh,
Sicod
4) Sieody FloD Ea93 tquation lon Pun
Pump

T ESCcicnc o onkin CCIC is en b

Ne4 Loenu don

Hcos Supplied

Ch)- Ch
LOhun PumP taonKis
Ch-h
Ncgtectd

) .-h, )
Chh)
Wonk Radio iS A adiG

Chh- Chh,)
Chh
ConsumPhin
Seam Jat SPecPec: Sic Stea
Slearn lo u2uiud to PTDdluCe
natt d
s e {inad a t
S.R

Concum P t o n
Sfec{ic Hta
lcw Ras (
6oD

36doh-h,)

Chh)-(h5,)

ten d G is 4 a t o h a i Puu
i
to PDduce n i l (vok O Pw
uLui ud
PumP wOnk
Tds dh.ydAp
ds o bco3
dh:NdP
CIsen Pi e <u)
Since Chong in Spe G{ic Notu is N b1c

h Cr-F,
Seec lic Notu o Suid

P, Boiten t t u
P Csndnso

Fon upen Heatd Nasnkin Cclc

Fo

ConSi d CLe 1--9-4-i omT-S ia9nam

h.-hy

W hh

hhy

ChrhCh,h)
Chh
-, S R
Wonr adi o s A aiio o a toe to kunbinu ionk

Chh- Chh
Ch-h,
Sfeamn Cons mPEOn
Seam a t t SpecSis Steamlo UQUnd to PJDduce
n a t t of
i s e Sinnd ac t AKw d Po
S.R =
-

(Specsic Htat Consum P£ton

Heu R a

HR 6 oD GA
wT-p

36 doh-h)
Chh-(h,)
hat inpuu
R Aened as, i is 4 a t t o
to PDducc n i t omk u t Pus
ind

PT O
OMPARISoA or GARNOT AND RAMKI NE yciE

uP

Pc

S
I a4h aboveT-S ionan
Ccie
CyCie 1-2-3 -4-1 NePuse Gonne
T--3-4'--RPsenus Ronkin SJce.

Heas is addes aJ Consans

i I n Gonnoi CHCle,
TemPe atuDe, Tsat SaJna iion TesnPeTaO
s odded
Tn Rankine cle hea
Temenoite DS Tse nd T sa .

Cannot CIcie Heaa is addcd ad iehe Teme

9To

T a casc oS Rankine Ccue He is added d

o o e Te Pena&ua hence Thomal fASiciesne)

oS Connoi c i e is high.

9Tn Co

NoPoun. mcol SSicuutes encounte

in designng a PumP het has to handle t

Gquud +Vafou
 In Rankinc Cyeic, Satuna td qusd is PumPcd to

boile. Haad &nq ony t9uds în {h Pump is

StR

VaPoun S u f e Ha t

onstan TempeadLD
ThisThis is
aCAice, i.e 1-1

Tn Rankinc Cie VaPoun is Supen Heat

ConstonN PsSU 1-

e a s EFFECTS OF PRESSRE AND TEMPERAT

vRE ON RANKIMEYCL PEPFoRMANCE

Pea{onmancc o Rankine SScie Can be

T
TmFoved by
Incuastn avnaeemfenG&UDU U Ohich
Heaa s added io { Cice

ecua cin oNnoae Temteno{nu a which

Hea is ne JeCted by{h CIcie.

Th above obiecives Can be achieNed {h

ottotoi09 methods.

dySieam o SuPcnhatd S4eam.

RyInuastag Boite PussuTu.
B Reducags Condense\ PssuM.
 SuPenhiat.

a-Head addid
R Heai edeced
P- Beia usu
we Condinton u

In 4h above Ei CIce -2-3--1 ReusenJs Q e

Satuttd ankn

CCIe -s-3-4-i -

suFenhueti
Rankmccle
T ESCeca of ToCuasinA Sleam LesmPeqatuu Sum
da Sotation 4o s u P heain temeena

ama is Sheon T-s

ton ( Somu botien Pssuu Cma n d ondnsor

Pssun n i ) , h c a m 1S SuPeTnha ttd in

4boten {7otn temfeailuT

ToT,
S u P e h e a t d Sicam 1s CxPandcd senofiat

insead o T io T. T u is
inouaSe in Tunbin tdonk
Ch-h) to
Ch-y)
 Coek s incased by onua 1 - - - 1 . hence

Supenheattn Seam încuases 4h, Cacte

esicienc.

9 EFFECT, OF BoTLERR PRESSURE

T EASecA of chongin beilc u s c u Ph, *D

Sam Condndon ussu isShoon in abbr

T 3C1e - .3-4 - sutenhusid RenKi Ce

t-a'.3- A-1 Innased hoiten n t i Ronin
Cucle

Roien ssuDu Sn fb, to

to P,.
Por,
1 Tacaasin8
Sleam SatuDation
nPeTOAUDu als incma
T TSat oSa
to u Noto S i c a n is Coc Panded isenJoRi
sati
- Cauy in 4 unbin T loT o T

i n c u a s e in Pum? toenk to Pump

)Thn is Sthi
om to insicad o
9to .

eed Rdecaud is Rdu ced hncc amat

ciencyox Rankin e e ìncnuotet toith
incuatcd otlea
EFFECT DF COMDE NSOR PRESSRE

T
w

Condeoso P u s s u u
T ESSea d.f decaasinah
ATom Pe. to Pe as Shownn in i9.

Sa4uTa id Pankio
-1.9- 4-
1--3- - oeouacio CondcoT rcuz
Pankin CICle

11 Lohen {h Condenso P u t s u is d e a s e s om

nsicoad of 1 lo 1 hence

E SCicocy oS A&SSie iaNGses

B looes Condnse Putcu u is Gmitt

b 4cmPeeiuu Co fondng {ha
Condnnson Coolto9 a tenPnaiUe.
SnaU
And Th is p i incuase in Pump toenk.
ACTUAL VAPOUR PoWER YCLE

T
T inth boien
,
-4 n
4NTabin

intunp| PC

S us dof

Taabotn T-s tagnom CContous tin) -Tdat

Ronin clr
---- i s condinoustn -

Atta
9 - 4 - 1 - Tdcol Pani CIcle
Pankanact
-a-3 -4-t AcAuat 1RonGn CIsle

T h Pnoces o8 a n o c i u a l C c l e
h idcal cgie. miay be cousC o u T S i bi tüty
Th loSs es

Pietas Losses
9 Tunbin Losses
a)Punp osses
4 Condensen Losses.
PiPiog Losces T wenking
A Lnbine,
Condeaso PrPinS
ComPOneoAS. ussUU
in{hese PiPine9 and has
4o icatonat eSeCaS
Su oundin9
ImPoAand 6sseS.

iunSibitEO
is
Thmadon
Tubin LossES knoush
hnoueh
4unbinu
{A u n binu
CcPonsion

oiih dh
asso cdattd Sum
S nnoou
L n
nddi
inns
Aubin to
to
om ih
Heat
Head a n sA
aldsS.

tSo ePsSends

Tuabin losses
Auat Eoanston
Tubi eCSicicnc
Tdea Epanszon

Ch-h
Chh

oenk s inPu s uimd to

Mo
PumP LosseS
-

eSfecAS î n PumP.
ne ctiona
Ccte. Heas
to SusDUndtSS
OCCunS

T d c a t took<

Pun e Sicienc Ruen

cAuat

Ch-h)
Ch-h)
i T h \osses n 4h CondenssT cAu
Condnss Losses
Satt.Thece
VSuaY \nciude l6ss Pustu
Cndcnsat below Ah SadedionTemfona.
 ATIVE RANKTNE CY CLE
TOEAL ANS PRACTTCAL REGGENE

Rankin aclc
Idear Reganativr
T-S agnom
Flow

Tunbin
RoteT
T

S
Holou

Cold In

Condensón

Pum
s T h Mea TemPenatum o a Gdditton

,\6en

Th tau eatu of 4 Ideet

at 4 CondenSatt a f t n leavi9

C NuuoteS
Onound ALbin Cast9
ofo mbin

>Thus
4is Posci bie lo (a hec
afoun Os i Atotos hnovgh unbin to 4h
GesdA StoLoin9 anound A Aun b i .
L d Can uac Temeattum
 PRACICAL REGENE RATIVE PARKINE CLE
PRACTICAL
Rankin CIce wiuh OFenteed tdain
HeOn
Ranki CJie i 4 h Ctoses Feed t i a t
Hea4a
ofea

P,Tsad

Boiien Tuabine

To ai6)

Mk9

Heata-1 Heaka-A onda

LO -PumP
w
Floud taqnam Kgi adiv

TYre heat n ConiocA TJPC he

bled S{eon is altooed
hea4n
to mir
actkd on
h
10 Hate
oi4h fced o a t n ,
 stiosnam

P Pandnds in Tunbin
C-n)ks

C- C1-n,-n) ks PandAs

TJtotodioSnam dS
CsMSfondiS
TSWigam
Aeed Lost haid
Shosa în abov

ean

of Steatn be bactd m intenediete SBag

S

USed 4o

C-m) kg 6S S4eam then PonAs

11 uamoinins

CrkNOCieN

ced tdatn în hca

So aamalOS
Siage o A tundin to
o
og
Condinted into
suv . gels
Condinsen, ond ihn Pumpcs o heaieni
S{ear Cr{NaCtesd

a
 LoiAh kG SStcam
Th uSutAOS k oS Stca is
P
than umPcd to botle.

Ch-h,) C-m,K,-h) C m . ) } - h , )

Ch,h
- m - m , ) K-h,).

oith Closed Aced oa:

e Sete

A Stuids a e fenate
Kept Ce
Kept Pena t
Tn
Closed hca ten,
hca t,
d atoket o{
toe n

lotoshnoosh u lubes in
Cendenses on.
hea 4n
ousidc ol4 Aubcs Shelt had
uleas c b 4 Condnsdton
haough h als o { ubes
 1 T

Tnbin

Cloce d heato hcatn2

lo ump
ShenTubc w
Hcas Fx ckacgn

Pump

* *
T Condc Sate
Sotma 4tus

T dnie
Condeassn, bw his

CondnsTn To Ca9oid

d u Pun ceds A CA
edaai S(uotm
TS iagnatn

Ch- h.,) mCh,- -

C1- Chh (

h-h
 REHEAT RONKINE CYCLE
Tu
Tunbinu

LP Tubirv

oiten.
(

Condnt6

-Pump

T-s

T
abovr FiShows tbotoiagnam o Pehcad anir

dsinCua sing
Condition D Sicam is V e s eA

A4nbinr This SieoTn CoUses osion

ComoSion o Ah Autbi blodcs. T
Tss
bla
badede
InCuases Ah tosce duce e2alc
This Can be avot d b hcui

Steo

Sufen heottd Sicam, whicK leaves Ah heilcy

boilen
-Um .
fo The
S e onded endno ca I
is aken ou om HP abin
SAcan au
i io 3
n 4 botte m
and Rehaa d

Noto Supenheotd S{eam cavinS

oto
is c
Aehca tng C.c boiien) ogain
Pn3s4

Comfani0g {h Sutenhattd ankin

ehaaa Rankins CicIC. th s s TacAOn

denSoT
n Ce of h Re hea is mou han {mat o

oitheus e he Cycie
Anasis o e head CCic

Head odad,in
Tole heat addd aa Const nitum
boiko
hoile+ Hcas oddid inA
C6om Ac hain)

Ch-h) (hh
Hce n e JeAd dd Cons iU Ch-h)
Todat wonk don b Tunbi ng p

Chh)-Ch-h)
um won dom CKh
NCA LoV don

Ch)Ch\) - Chhs
eAAt cienc o R Ranin Rhia cte
Thnmat
Thatmal

Chh).Ch-C
(Ce
ChkCh,-h,)

b ens a u tuscusted C lacces

Ppaud b
GURURAY LALAOU AsS.Psesson Banee lu
XXX